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The article deals with the current problems of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of acid-related disorders in children. The administrative and legal aspects of the state regulation of measures aimed at diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection, procurement of drugs for its treatment in the Russian Federation are discussed. The article also focuses on the standards of treatment of H. pylori infection in children with regard to age restrictions for the administration of the recommended drugs. A detailed account of the mechanisms of the developing H. pylori resistance to modern antibacterial drugs is given. The above problems necessitate the use of highly effective and safe drugs with low H. pylori resistance and approved for administration in children. The article indicates the already established and hypothesised factors of the pathogen’s low resistance to bismuth preparations. The multifactor, predominantly local, pharmacodynamic effect of bismuth tripotassium dicitrate in children ≥ 4 years of age is described. Data on the clinical effectiveness and high safety of this compound in H. pylori eradication therapy in paediatric population are also presented. Key words: acid-related disorders, Helicobacter pylori, standards for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori in children, antibiotic resistance, bismuth tripotassium dicitrat

to determine the perspectives for the use of drugs with combined antiviral, anti - inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity on the basis of medical studies of existing antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in Russia.A brief review of the antiviral drugs used in Russia for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections was conducted on the basis of 37 articles published in Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and RSCI databases in the period from 1997 to 2018.Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), is slowly developing due to the mutations of the neuraminidase gene H275Y and Q136K. Most influenza A viruses remain resistant to adamantane antivirals. Repeated use of immunomodulators with indirect antiviral action leads to a hyporeactivity of the immune system and, subsequently, to a decrease in their effectiveness. Positive clinical and laboratory data in clinical trials were obtained using Enisamium iodide, a drug with combined action - direct antiviral, and immunomodulatory.According to the WHO strategy, the results of the review demonstrate the need for continued research of medications with combined antiviral and pathogenetic effects on the infectious process caused by influenza and acute respiratory viral infections.Одной из целей глобальной стратегии Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) по борьбе с гриппом является содействие разработке более эффективных противовирусных препаратов и иммуномодуляторов. Цель: на основе научных исследований, существующих на сегодняшний день противовирусных препаратов для терапии гриппа и острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ) в Российской Федерации определить перспективы использования лекарственных средств с комбинированной противовирусной, противовоспалительной и иммуномодулирующей активностью. Материалы и методы. На основе 37 научных публикаций за период с 1997 по 2018 г., размещенных в реферативных базах данных Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), РИНЦ, проведен краткий обзор широко используемых в российской практической медицине противовирусных препаратов для лечения гриппа и ОРВИ. Результаты. В арсенале практикующего врача для борьбы с ОРВИ и гриппом имеются противовирусные средства с различными механизмами действия. К ингибиторам нейраминидазы (осельтамивиру, занамивиру) медленно развивается резистентность, связанная с мутациями в гене нейраминидазы H275Y и Q136K. Продолжает сохраняться резистентность большинства вирусов гриппа типа А к производным адамантана (амантадину и римантадину). Гипореактивность иммунной системы при повторном назначении иммуномодуляторов с непрямым противовирусным действием приводит к снижению их эффективности. Позитивные данные получены при использовании в рамках клинических и доклинических исследований энисамия йодида, обладающего комбинированным действием - прямым противовирусным (влияет на процесс проникновения вирусов через клеточную мембрану), иммуномодулирующим и сопутствующим симптоматическим. Заключение. Результаты обзора согласуются со стратегией ВОЗ, демонстрируют необходимость продолжения исследования противовирусных препаратов с комбинированным действием - этиотропным, патогенетическим и симтоматическим при гриппе и ОРВИ. Энисамия йодид является одним из перспективных препаратов этиотропной и патогенетической терапии этой группы инфекционных заболеваний.

Aim To investigate the effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs on the lithogenic properties of urine in nephrolithiasis patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods The study comprised 376 patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and compensated type II diabetes mellitus who attended the N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology - branch of the NMRRC of Minzdrav of Russia and D.D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Health Department in 2012-2017. Patients were divided into five groups according to the administered oral hypoglycemic agent: metformin, glibenclamide, pioglitazone, canagliflozin, vildagliptin. The control group consisted of patients receiving insulin therapy. Results Metformin tended to acidify urine, thus producing a negative effect on urate nephrolithiasis, which is the most prevalent form of nephrolithiasis among patients with type II diabetes. Glibenclamide, on the contrary, alkalized the urine, but urine pH did not go beyond the ranges of normal values. Pioglitazone increased urine density with a simultaneous tendency to decrease diuresis, which is bad for any form of nephrolithiasis. Empagliflozin increased diuresis due to drug-induced glucosuria and also increased renal excretion of uric acid salts. However, at normal urine pH values, the uricosuric effect of the drug did not lead to a significantly increased risk of urate stone formation. Vildagliptin did not have a significant effect on urine output, urine pH, and renal salt excretion. Conclusion Drug therapy for type II diabetes significantly affects the properties of urine in patients with nephrolithiasis, and it should be taken into account in the metaphylaxis of nephrolithiasis.

The relative capacities of several pregna-D'-pentaranes to combine with cytosolic receptors of the myometrium and endometrium in various disease states are investigated, and one of the compounds, 6α-methyl-16α, 17α-cyclohexanoprogesterone, is identified as holding particular promise for clinical use in replacement therapy and as a contraceptive agent.

Cervical myometrium was examined in 22 pregnant women at 39-41 weeks gestation at risk of labor abnormalities. The patients received mifegin for preparing to labor. A new component in the mechanism of mifegin effect on the uterine cervix in full-term pregnancy was revealed: mifegin elevated the content of cAMP by 50% and almost 2-fold increased the cAMP/cGMP ratio compared to the initial level.

The levels of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the myometrium of 19 patients subjected to planned cesarean section were studied. Nine of these patients had competent cicatrices on the uterus, which was confirmed by preoperative studies and during the operation. For comparison, the myometrium of patients at the same terms of gestation subjected to planned abdorninal delivery without history of cesarean section was examined. No significant differences were revealed in estradiol and progesterone reception in the myometria of parturients with and without competent cicatrices on the uterus.