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Android overlay enables one app to draw over other apps by creating an extra View layer atop the host View, which nevertheless can be exploited by malicious apps (malware) to attack users. To combat this threat, prior countermeasures concentrate on restricting the capabilities of overlays at the OS level while sacrificing overlays usability; recently, the overlay mechanism has been substantially updated to prevent a variety of attacks, which however can still be evaded by considerable adversaries. To address these shortcomings, a more pragmatic approach is to enable early detection of overlay-based malware during the app market review process, so that all the capabilities of overlays can stay unchanged. For this purpose, in this paper we first conduct a large-scale comparative study of overlay characteristics in benign and malicious apps, and then implement the OverlayChecker system to automatically detect overlay-based malware for one of the worlds largest Android app stores. In particular, we have made systematic efforts in feature engineering, UI exploration, emulation architecture, and run-time environment, thus maintaining high detection accuracy (97% precision and 97% recall) and short per-app scan time (1.7 minutes) with only two commodity servers, under an intensive workload of 10K newly submitted apps per day.

The ultimate goal of listed companies is to maximize shareholders’ wealth. With the increasingly fierce market competition, enterprise managers are constantly exploring the key indicators that have an important impact on the financial performance (FP) of enterprises, and achieve the expected FP of shareholders by improving these key indicators. On the basis of the existing enterprise performance measurement system and index research, through expert scoring to determine the secondary indicators, this paper selects 87 small and medium-sized board listed companies which officially announced the implementation of equity incentive from 2009 to 2012 as the sample, takes the financial information disclosed in 2013 as the empirical data, and analyzes the traditional multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) When dealing with big data, especially the data with hierarchical structure, this paper proposes a partial regression coefficient calculation model based on hierarchical data, constructs a multiple nonlinear regression model, and concludes through empirical analysis that there is a nonlinear correlation between equity incentive ratio and corporate performance, and that there is an interval effect between equity incentive ratio and corporate performance. We also present Fuzzy based financial performance prediction of listed companies. Finally, we demonstrate Comparative analysis for financial prediction in term of accuracy between multiple regression model and fuzzy logic system and result deduce that fuzzy logic gives better accuracy than regression model.

A fully integrated passive ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RF identification (RFID) tag integrated circuit (IC) based on Chinese UHF RFID standard (GJB 7377.1) is proposed. An optimized voltage multiplier with threshold compensation and leakage current suppression is designed to improve the RF-DC power conversion efficiency, which is more than 58% for different load current. A system clock constraint condition and proposed digital baseband (BB) algorithm instead of clock calibration is introduced to ensure correct demodulation of the forward link from reader to tag and back link frequency (BLF) tolerance from tag to reader. Moreover, a 2Kb multi-time programmable (MTP) non-volatile memory (NVM) in standard CMOS process without any additional masks and process modification is designed and implemented to significantly save the manufacture cost of the chip. The proposed RFID tag IC is fabricated using a $0.13-\mu \text{m}$ one-poly-five-metal (1P5M) standard CMOS process with an area of $620\times 660\,\,\mu \text{m}^{2}$ and a power consumption of 4.8 $\mu \text{W}$ and 11.5 $\mu \text{W}$ for reading and writing operations, respectively. The tag with antenna gain of 2 dBi shows successful reading detection at distances up to 17 m in the case of 4 W Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) from reader.

Background The radial forearm skin flap (RFSF) was first introduced by the Chinese scholar Guofan Yang and has since been used for nearly 40 years. The many advantages of RFSF have been investigated in this study. Case presentation In this case, a female patient underwent RFSF surgery in 1979. In 2016 and 2018, two interviews were held to evaluate her subjective postoperative experience. In addition, overall donor site evaluation was conducted based on general health checkups and tests; tests for appearance, tactile sensitivity, muscle strength, and motor function; and CTA. Results The flap survived well, and the donor site recovered without hand necrosis in the 1970s. In 2018, the patient was in good health condition and expressed her satisfaction with the surgery. The patient did not suffer from any postoperative complications such as diminished sensation of the donor site or donor site dysfunction; in the evaluation of hand and finger function, there was no point where functional reduction of the donor site was noted. CTA revealed compensatory blood supply with enlargement in the diameter of the ulnar and interosseous artery. Conclusion After a nearly 40-year follow-up, the patient who underwent the first free radial forearm flap transplantation expressed satisfaction with the operative outcomes. The examination showed good results at the recipient site with little donor site deformities and good compensatory blood supply.

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical strategy to prevent transmission of HIV infection, although medication adherence remains a challenge. We present the protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial to measure the effectiveness of a real-time monitoring and just-in-time intervention on medication adherence among PrEP users in China. Methods Study participants will include 1000 men who have sex with men (MSM) from four cites in China (Shenyang, Beijing, Chongqing and Shenzhen) attending a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) PrEP project as part of a real-world, prospective multicentre cohort study (CROPrEP). Participants will be randomised into the intervention and control arms in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention arm will be provided with remote real-time monitoring equipment that triggers twice just-in-time SMS (Short Messaging Service) medication reminders to PrEP users every half an hour when a scheduled dosage is missed, and followed with just-in-time SMS medication reminders to clinicians half an hour when there is no supplement after the second just-in-time SMS reminder to PrEP users. Clinicians will initiate individualised telephone intervention as soon as possible upon receipt of the just-in-time SMS missed dose alert. Those in the control arm will only receive generic weekly SMS reminders. The study will last 6 months. Participants will be seen at follow-up visits at three and 6 months. Trial outcomes to be measured include self-reported adherence assessed via questionnaire and pill counts, as well as drug concentration test results. Discussion Medication adherence is critical to achieve optimal benefits from PrEP. This study will be the first individualised behaviour intervention using real-time technology to increase adherence among MSM PrEP users globally. If found effective, a real-time monitoring and just-in-time intervention system may be utilized for improving adherence and thus effectiveness of global PrEP application. Trial registration This study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR1900025604) on September 2, 2019.

Background: Tracheal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare primary tumour. Currently, surgery is the main treatment, but it becomes the biggest obstacle to surgery when the tumour invades the trachea for more than 6 cm. Case presentation: A 56-year-old Asian man presented with expectoration and asthma as his initial symptoms. Because of the particularity of tumour location and volume, we removed the 7 cm bronchus and performed carinau reconstruction. Conclusion: How to treat the rare tumours at tracheal carina is a valuable and rare example that could be reference in many centres.

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes—rejection-associated DCs promote acute or chronic injury renal grafts while tolerogenic DCs suppress the overwhelmed inflammation preventing damage to renal functionality. All the subsets interact with effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) stimulated by the ischemia–reperfusion procedure, although the classification corresponding to different effects remains controversial. Thus, in this review, we discuss the origin, maturation, and pathological effects of DCs in the kidney. Then we summarize the roles of divergent DCs in renal transplantation: taking both positive and negative stages in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), switching phenotypes to induce acute or chronic rejection, and orchestrating surface markers for allograft tolerance via alterations in metabolism. In conclusion, we prospect that multidimensional transcriptomic analysis will revolute researches on renal transplantation by addressing the elusive mononuclear phagocyte classification and providing a holistic view of DC ontogeny and subpopulations.

Sodium and potassium intake in hypertensive patients in China is not clear. The authors aimed to investigate the distribution of sodium and potassium intake in hypertensive patients in China, and to analyze the relationship between sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure. The study was performed in 130 hospitals from 23 provinces across China from 2016 to 2019. Finally, 9501 hypertensive patients average aged 54 years were included. 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured. Distribution of urinary electrolytes were described according to age, gender and region. The association between urinary electrolytes and blood pressure was analyzed by multivariate linear regression. Hypertensive patients exhibited an average 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion of 156.7 ± 81.5 mmol/d and 39.2 ± 20.2 mmol/d (equivalent to sodium chloride of 9.2 g/d, potassium chloride of 2.9 g/d), sodium/potassium ratio (median) of 4.14 (2.92,5.73). Urinary electrolytes were lower in women than men (sodium: 171.1 vs 138.7, p

In order to adapt to the development demand of emerging industries and improve the fit between the training of talents and the development demand of emerging industries, a new talent training mode of the industry education integration and school enterprise cooperation of new engineering is explored from the aspects of school enterprise cooperation in the formation and training of applied teachers, joint construction of talent training plan, curriculum system and curriculum resources, and joint construction of applied practical teaching platform. Applied talents of new engineering are cultivated to meet the development demand of economic society and emerging industries by gathering high-quality factor resources of all parties.

© 2013 China Institute of Communications. As a named data-based clean-slate future Internet architecture, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) uses entirely different protocols and communication patterns from the host-to-host IP network. In CCN, communication is wholly driven by the data consumer. Consumers must send Interest packets with the content name and not by the host's network address. Its nature of in-network caching, Interest packets aggregation and hop-by-hop communication poses unique challenges to provision of Internet applications, where traditional IP network no long works well. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art application research activities related to CCN architecture. Our main aims in this survey are (a) to identify the advantages and drawbacks of CCN architectures for application provisioning; (b) to discuss the challenges and opportunities regarding service provisioning in CCN architectures; and (c) to further encourage deeper thinking about design principles for future Internet architectures from the perspective of upper-layer applications.

This work deals with quantitative analysis of multicomponent mud logging gas based on infrared spectra. An accurate analysis method is proposed by combining a genetic algorithm (GA) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The GA is used to screen the infrared spectrum of the mixed gas, while the selected spectral region is used as the input of the RBFNN to establish a calibration model to quantitatively analyze the components of logging gas. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed GA-RBFNN performs better than FS-RBFNN and ES-RBFNN, and our proposed method is feasible.

Background Heterogeneity in bladder cancer results in variable clinical outcomes, posing challenges for clinical management of this malignancy. Recent studies suggest both tumor suppressive and oncogenic role of PPARγ in bladder cancer. The fuction of PPARγ signaling pathway in modulating carcinogenesis is controversial. Methods The expression of PPARγ and association with overall survival were analyzed in patients from two cohorts. The effect of PPARγ activation on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were determined with the agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), the inverse agonist (T0070907), and the antagonist (GW9662) in Umuc-3 and 5637 bladder cancer cells. The correlation of PPARγ activation with PI3K-Akt pathway was evaluated with RNA sequencing data from the TCGA cases and 30 human bladder cancer cell lines. The effect of PPARγ activation on tumor growth was validated with subcutaneous tumor models in vivo. The effect of PPARγ activation on PI3K-Akt signaling transduction was determined with multiple assays including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, proteomic array, and western blotting. Results We showed that PPARγ was a favorable prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer. PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone markedly induced cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, which resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. The underlying mechanism involved marked inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusions This study reported the tumor-suppressive effect of PPARγ agonists in bladder cancer, suggesting that transactivation of PPARγ could be served as a potential strategy for the chemoprevention and therapeutic treatment of bladder cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5426-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: Acral vitiligo often responses poorly to treatments. Objective: To observe whether pretreatment with ablative fractional CO2 laser aiding penetration of compound betamethasone solution plus NB-UVB could improve the response of refractory acral vitiligo. Methods: Subjects with symmetrical and stable acral vitiligo were enrolled in this study. The symmetrical lesions were randomly allocated to experimental and control sides in a subject. The experimental side underwent five sessions, one month apart, of ablative fractional CO2 laser followed by once of a topical painting of compound betamethasone solution, the control side applied topical betamethasone cream once a day; both sides underwent NB-UVB three times per week. The assessment was performed one month following each of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th treatment sessions. Results: Two hundred eighty-nine subjects entered the clinical trial and 126 subjects completed the study. The experiment side showed better improvement in repigmentation. Overall response rate (repigmentation percentage ≥10%) of experiment sides was 51.6%, in contrast, that of control side was 35.8%. There were no severe adverse events in all subjects during the trial. Conclusions: A triple method of ablative fractional CO2 laser, topical compound betamethasone solution plus NB-UVB provided an alternative choice for acral vitiligo with remarkable safety profile. Cinical trial registration: This clinical trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-12002593).

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits are common in key sexually active populations. Direct secondary distribution of HIVST kits (DSDHK) is effective in improving the uptake of HIVST. However, there are concerns about the various limitations of DSDHK, including limited geographic reach, payment problems, and need for face-to-face interactions. Objective In this study, we aim to evaluate the feasibility and characteristics of indirect secondary distribution of HIVST kits (ISDHK) via WeChat (distributing HIVST application links and follow-up HIVST kits to partners) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods From October 2017 to September 2019, an HIVST recruitment advertisement was disseminated on the WeChat social media platform to invite MSM to apply for the HIVST kits (referred to as index participants [IPs]). All MSM participants were encouraged to distribute the HIVST application link to their friends and sexual partners (referred to as alters) through their social networks. All the alters were further encouraged to continue distributing the HIVST application link. All participants paid a deposit (US $7), which was refundable upon completion of the questionnaire, and uploaded the test results via a web-based survey system. Results A total of 2263 MSM met the criteria and successfully applied for HIVST. Of these, 1816 participants returned their HIVST results, including 1422 (88.3%) IPs and 394 (21.7%) alters. More alters had condomless anal intercourse, a higher proportion of them had never previously tested for HIV, and they showed a greater willingness to distribute HIVST kits to their sexual partners (P=.002) than the IPs. After controlling for age, education, and income, the alters had a greater proportion of MSM who had never tested for HIV before (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.00-1.68), were more willing to distribute the HIVST application link (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.21-2.40), had a lower number of sexual partners (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.90), and were less likely to search for sexual partners on the web (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60-1.02) than IPs. In comparison, the rates of reactive HIVST results, conducting HIV confirmatory tests, HIV seropositivity, and initiation of HIV antiretroviral therapy were similar for IPs and alters. Conclusions The ISDHK model of distributing HIVST application links among the MSM population via social media is feasible. The ISDHK model should be used to supplement the DSDHK model to enable a greater proportion of the MSM population to know their HIV infection status.

Introduction This study explores the preference for daily versus on‐demand pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in developing countries when both regimens are available. Methods From 11 December 2018 to 19 October 2019, we recruited MSM for an open‐label real‐world PrEP demonstration study in four major cities in China. Subjects selected their preferred PrEP (oral tenofovir/emtricitabine) regimen (daily vs. on‐demand) at recruitment and underwent on‐site screening before initiation of PrEP. We used logistic regression to assess preference for daily PrEP and correlates. Results Of 1933 recruited MSM, the median age was 29 years, 7.6% was currently married to or living with a female; the median number of male sexual partners was four and 6.1% had used post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the previous six months. HIV infection risk was subjectively determined as very high (>75%) in 7.0% of subjects, high (50% to 75%) in 13.3%, moderate (25% to 49%) in 31.5% and low or none (0% to 24%) in 48.1%. On average, participants preferred on‐demand PrEP over daily PrEP (1104 (57.1%) versus 829 (42.9%)) at recruitment. In multivariable analysis, currently being married to or living with a female was associated with 14.6 percentage points lower preference for daily PrEP (marginal effect = −0.146 [95% CI: −0.230, −0.062], p = 0.001); whereas the number of male sexual partners (marginal effect = 0.003 [95% CI: 0.000, 0.005], p = 0.034) and a subjective assessment of being very high risk of HIV infection (vs. low and no risk, marginal effect size = 0.105 [95% CI: 0.012, 0.198], p = 0.027) were associated with increased preference for daily versus on‐demand PrEP. Among the 1933 potential participants, 721 (37.3%) did not attend the subsequent on‐site screening. Lower‐income, lower education level, lower subjective expected risk of HIV infection risk and younger age positively correlated with the absence of on‐site screening. Conclusions MSM in China prefer both daily and on‐demand PrEP when both regimens are provided free. Social structural factors and subjective risk of HIV infection have significant impacts on PrEP preference and use. The upcoming national PrEP guideline should consider incorporating both regimens and the correlates to help implement PrEP in China.

3D medical image segmentation with high resolution is an important issue for accurate diagnosis. The main challenge for this task is its large computational cost and GPU memory restriction. Most of the existing 3D medical image segmentation methods are patch-based methods, which ignore the global context information for accurate segmentation and also reduce the efficiency of inference. To tackle this problem, we propose a patch-free 3D medical image segmentation method, which can realize high-resolution (HR) segmentation with low-resolution (LR) input. It contains a multi-task learning framework (Semantic Segmentation and Super-Resolution (SR)) and a Self-Supervised Guidance Module (SGM). SR is used as an auxiliary task for the main segmentation task to restore the HR details, while the SGM, which uses the original HR image patch as a guidance image, is designed to keep the high-frequency information for accurate segmentation. Besides, we also introduce a Task-Fusion Module (TFM) to exploit the inter connections between the segmentation and SR tasks. Since the SR task and TFM are only used in the training phase, they do not introduce extra computational costs when predicting. We conduct the experiments on two different datasets, and the experimental results show that our framework outperforms current patch-based methods as well as has a 4\(\times \) higher speed when predicting. Our codes are available at https://github.com/Dootmaan/PFSeg.

Background: Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex.Methods: Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%, 25/307) before sex. The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-5.5), practicing RD before sex (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), practicing RD after sex (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.1), using a shower hose for RD (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–13.0), CRAI (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.5), and an interaction effect of RD and CRAI (AOR = 4.2; 95 % CI, 2.2- 8.1) in the most recent anal intercourse.Conclusions: RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools use (such as shower hose), the interaction effect between RD and CRAI associated with HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM. We recommend that further studies should be conducted to understand the detailed mechanism between RD and increased HIV prevalence.

Vitiligo is associated with oxidant stress and α-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidative agent. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ALA in combination with NB-UVB phototherapy on nonsegmental stable vitiligo. The prospective, multi-center, parallel controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2012 to 2014, in seven comprehensive tertiary hospitals in China. The patients were randomized into oral ALA group or placebo group at a dose of 300 mg daily for 6 months. All of them received NB-UVB phototherapy three times weekly. The repigmentation rate was evaluated by 4-point grading scale of improvement:98%, 50-98%, 10-49%,10%. A total of 133 patients were enrolled in the study, including 72 cases in treatment group and 61 cases in control group. In treatment group, 2.04% (1/49) patients achieved ≥50% improvement at 1-month after enrollment (M1), and the percentage of patients increased to 8.51% (4/47), 14.0% (6/43), and 37.8% (14/37) at M2, M3, and M6, respectively. In control group, the percentages were similar at all timepoints. No significant difference was seen between the two groups (P .05). For elder patients, younger patients, male or female, no significant differences were found between treatment group and control group at all timepoints. ALA did not show additional benefit to NB-UVB therapy in the treatment of nonsegmental stable vitiligo. More studies should be done to identify other protocols of ALA or other types of antioxidants for stable vitiligo.

Background Over half of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking (GSN) apps to encounter sex partners. GSN apps’ users have become a unique large subpopulation among MSM for interventions concerning HIV prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising measure for HIV prevention, especially for MSM, but its effectiveness largely depends on medication adherence. However, little is known about PrEP adherence among GSN apps’ users, which is critical to addressing the overall optimization of PrEP compliance outside of clinical trials in the context of large-scale implementation. Objective The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between GSN apps’ use and medication adherence among MSM receiving PrEP, with the aim to increase their awareness about PrEP use in order to increase adherence. Methods This study based on the China Real-world Oral intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) project, a multicenter, real-world study of Chinese MSM on daily and event-driven PrEP. Eligible participants completed a detailed computer-assisted self-interview on sociodemographic, GSN apps’ use, and sexual behavior. Then participants were followed up for 12 months and assessed for various characteristics (eg, PrEP delivery, adherence assessment, PrEP coverage of sexual activities, and regimens switch). A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the predictors of medication adherence and regimen conversion among GSN apps’ users and nonusers. Results At baseline, 756 of the 1023 eligible participants (73.90%) reported primarily using GSN apps to seek sexual partners, and GSN apps’ users are more likely to have high-risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and condomless anal intercourse than other nonusers (all P Conclusions GSN apps’ users are highly prevalent among MSM, despite their higher sexual risk and lower adherence levels, suggesting that eHealth needs to be introduced to the GSN platform to promote PrEP adherence. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IIN-17013762; https://tinyurl.com/yy2mhrv4. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12879-019-4355-y

Background Nitrite inhalant use is very common among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. However, there is lack of national representative data on use among Chinese MSM, and the mechanism of how nitrite inhalant use impacts HIV infection in MSM is unclear. This meta-analysis aims to understand the characteristics of Chinese MSM nitrite inhalant users and to determine the associations between nitrite inhalant use and sexual behaviors, the prevalence of HIV, and the prevalence of syphilis. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Wanfang Data, and VIP Chinese Journal Database for relevant literature published from January 1985 to December 2017. Results Fifteen eligible studies, with a total of 18,981 Chinese MSM participants, were included. Compared with nitrite inhalant nonusers, users were more likely to be younger, have a higher level of education, and seek sexual partners using the Internet. Nitrite inhalant users were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, including condomless anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33), group sex (OR = 2.26), and commercial intercourse (OR = 1.50). Nitrite inhalants users had a higher prevalence of HIV (OR = 1.83), higher prevalence of syphilis (OR = 1.38) and had higher lifetime HIV testing rates (OR = 1.33) compared with nonusers (each p Conclusions Nitrite inhalant users have higher HIV and syphilis prevalence by increasing levels of high-risk sexual behaviors. China should expand HIV testing, treatment as prevention (TasP), and Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM, especially among nitrite inhalants using MSM, to reduce their risk of HIV infection and transmission.

Motivation: Cryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET) visualizes structure and spatial organization of macromolecules and their interactions with other subcellular components inside single cells in the close-to-native state at sub-molecular resolution. Such information is critical for the accurate understanding of cellular processes. However, subtomogram classification remains one of the major challenges for the systematic recognition and recovery of the macromolecule structures in cryo-ET because of imaging limits and data quantity. Recently, deep learning has significantly improved the throughput and accuracy of large-scale subtomogram classification. However often it is difficult to get enough high-quality annotated subtomogram data for supervised training due to the enormous expense of labeling. To tackle this problem, it is beneficial to utilize another already annotated dataset to assist the training process. However, due to the discrepancy of image intensity distribution between source domain and target domain, the model trained on subtomograms in source domainmay perform poorly in predicting subtomogram classes in the target domain. Results: In this paper, we adapt a few shot domain adaptation method for deep learning based cross-domain subtomogram classification. The essential idea of our method consists of two parts: 1) take full advantage of the distribution of plentiful unlabeled target domain data, and 2) exploit the correlation between the whole source domain dataset and few labeled target domain data. Experiments conducted on simulated and real datasets show that our method achieves significant improvement on cross domain subtomogram classification compared with baseline methods., This article has been accepted for publication in Bioinformatics Published by Oxford University Press

IntroductionPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men by up to 99%. However, in real-world settings, PrEP users may exhibit risk compensation after uptake of PrEP, including more condomless anal intercourse (CAI) and increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. HIV self-testing (HIVST) decreases CAI among men who have sex with men (MSM) by providing awareness of the HIV status of oneself and one’s sexual partners. Here, we describe the rationale and design of a randomised waitlist-controlled trial to examine the impact of HIVST on risk compensation among PrEP users.Methods and analysisThe study is a two-arm randomised waitlist-controlled trial with 1000 HIV-negative MSM in four major cities in China who will be taking oral PrEP (involving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine) either daily (n=500) or in an event-driven regimen (n=500). The participants will be randomised (1:1) to either the immediate HIVST intervention arm (HIVST plus standard facility-based counselling and testing from 0 to 12 months) or the waitlist arm (standard facility-based counselling and testing from 0 to 6 months, then crossover to receive the HIVST intervention in months 7–12). Participants will provide blood samples to assess the incidence of syphilis and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) during a follow-up. The primary outcomes will be the occurrence of CAI, number of sexual partners and incidence of syphilis and HSV-2 during a follow-up. The secondary outcomes will be the HIV and STI testing frequency and STI treatment adherence during a follow-up. The planned start and end dates for the study is 26 December 2018 and 31 December 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Science Research Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University has approved the study (IRB(2018)273).Trial registration numberChiCTR1800020374

Background: Many Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users have difficulty attending the quarterly facility-based HIV testing, which leads to the potential risk of drug resistance in the context of breakthrough infection with low drug compliance. We explored the acceptance of HIV self-testing (HIVST) service among PrEP recipients. Methods: MSM were recruited for the PrEP demonstration in four major cities in China from December 2018 to September 2019, provided with regimens of both daily and on-demand PrEP. Facility-based HIV testing was provided quarterly at clinic visits. Previous HIV testing history and acceptance of free HIVST kits to use between each quarterly clinic visit was collected. Correlates of levels of acceptance were analysed using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Results: We recruited 1,222 MSM. among which 48.5% preferred daily PrEP and 51.5% preferred on-demand PrEP. There was 26.8% (321/1222) had never been to any facility-based HIV testing previously, and the self-reported major reason was that they had already routinely used HIVST. A quarter of the participants (74.5%, 910/1222) had used HIVST previously. There were 1184 MSM (96.9%) accepted to use HIVST between each quarterly clinic visits during PrEP usage, composing 947 ( 77.5%) very willing to, 237（19.4%）willing to, 29 (2.4%) unwilling to, and 9 (0.7%) very unwilling to. Participants preferred daily PrEP (vs. on-demand PrEP, aOR=1.8, 95% CI:1.3-2.4) and had less than 2 times of facility-based HIV testing in the past year (vs. ³2, aOR=1.4,95% CI:1.1-1.9) were more likely to have higher level of acceptance of HIVST.Conclusions: MSM had high acceptance of HIVST, especially among those preferred daily PrEP and with less facility-based HIV testing in the previous year. Offering HIVST services PrEP recipients is feasible and necessary. Above result is of great significance for promoting HIVST among PrEP users during COVID-19, improving awareness of their HIV infection status and ensuring compliance with medication. Future study should exam the impact of HIVST on HIV testing frequency among PrEP users.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020374 on 27th Dec 2018. http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx

Background High salt intake is a known risk factor of hypertension, which in turn increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h) using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 966 patients with hypertension were included from 8 provinces across China. A UNa24h prediction model (Sun_C method) was developed for males and females using linear regression based on age, weight, sodium concentration in the spot urine (UNaspot), and creatinine concentration in the spot urine (UCrspot). The data were split into the training (70%) and testing (30%) sets to, respectively, develop and evaluate the Sun_C method. Results Compared with the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka methods, Sun_C method achieved a low and consistent mean bias (1.1 mmol/d) within the range from 106 to 212 mmol/d of UNa24h (equivalent to NaCl intake of 6–12 g/d). In addition, the Sun_C method showed no significant difference between the measured and estimated UNa24h in a paired t-test (P = 0.689). At individual level, Sun_C method had 79.8% of individuals at the cutoff under ±30% level. Conclusions Sun_C method may prove a reasonable method to estimate the daily dietary sodium intakes (particularly in the range of 6–12 g/d of NaCl) in Chinese hypertensive patients using spot urine measurements. As the amount of data increases in the future, the performance of our formulae will be further improved.

Background: Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is correlated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex.Methods: Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%). The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-5.5), practicing RD before sex (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), practicing RD after sex (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.1), using a shower hose for RD (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–13.0), condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.5), and using nitrite inhalants (AOR, 2.8; 95 % CI, 1.6-5.1) in the most recent anal intercourse.Conclusions: RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools increase the rates of HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM, and we recommend that better tools be offered to assist in RD in order to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV.

A new multitime programmable (MTP) non-volatile memory (NVM) cell using high voltage NMOS is proposed. A PMOS transistor is used for programming, erasing, and reading, and a high voltage NMOS is used for selecting the memory cell. The memory cell has fewer number of transistors and terminals compared with the typical conventional memory cell. This reduces the area consumption and simplifies the implementation of memory's external circuit. In addition, the subthreshold swing (SS) of the memory cell is improved for larger coupling ratio. Experimental investigation on transfer characteristics, endurance, retention, and threshold voltage VTH shift and leakage current of the high voltage NMOS of the memory cell are presented. The experimental endurance behaviour of the proposed memory cell is superior to the conventional memory cell.

Due to the complexity of IC, electromagnetic immunity plays a critical role towards evaluating the EMC performance to avoid the high cost of redesign. This paper focuses on the Direct Power Injection (DPI) immunity of processor chips with different external double data rate3 (DDR3) synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) in consumer electronics. To complete the DPI test, a test board complying with the standard IEC62132-4 and a dedicated test code have been designed. The effect of DC power injection interference on same DDR model but different DDR pins and the same DDR pin but different DDR models were analysed, the results can be used to locate the system-level EMC issues and optimize the design.

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract. Rectal cancer often invades the extra intestinal space and metastases to lymph nodes and other organs. Computed tomography (CT) scans are performed to determine the location and status of the tumor. In this paper, the CT image of rectal cancer was analyzed using deep neural network (DNN) and back propagation (BP) neural network. The mask image was extracted from the CT image of rectal with DNN. A Dice coefficient was used to measure the similarity between the actual cancer region and the region segmented by DNN. Based on the segmented mask image, the features of tumors were extracted and a metastasis evaluation model established to determine lymph node metastasis of the rectal cancer. The experimental results have shown that the mean value of Dice coefficient was 96.7%, the diagnosis rate of rectal cancer was 100%, and the identification rate of lymph node metastasis was 91.6%.

Melanoma is the deadliest cutaneous neoplasm. To prevent metastasis, early diagnosis and surgical treatment is vital. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumors. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in melanoma. Real time PCR demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 expression is up-regulated in melanoma tissues and cells. KCNQ1OT1 promoted cell proliferation and metastasis in melanoma. By directly bindin to miR-153, KCNQ1OT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to de-repress MET expression. Our results may provide the basis for a novel strategy for early detection and/or treatment of melanoma.

Background Routine HIV testing accompanied with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) requires innovative support in a real-world setting. Objective This study aimed to determine the usage of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits and their secondary distribution to partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, who use PrEP, in an observational study between 2018 and 2019. Methods In 4 major cities in China, we prospectively followed-up MSM from the China Real-world oral PrEP demonstration study, which provides daily or on-demand PrEP for 12 months, to assess the usage and secondary distribution of HIVST on quarterly follow-ups. Half of the PrEP users were randomized to receive 2 HIVSTs per month in addition to quarterly facility-based HIV testing. We evaluated the feasibility of providing HIVST to PrEP users. Results We recruited 939 MSM and randomized 471 to receive HIVST, among whom 235 (49.9%) were daily and 236 (50.1%) were on-demand PrEP users. At baseline, the median age was 29 years, 390 (82.0%) men had at least college-level education, and 119 (25.3%) had never undergone facility-based HIV testing before. Three months after PrEP initiation, 341 (74.5%) men had used the HIVST provided to them and found it very easy to use. Among them, 180 of 341 (52.8%) men had distributed the HIVST kits it to other MSM, and 132 (51.6%) among the 256 men who returned HIVST results reported that used it with their sexual partners at the onset of intercourse. Participants on daily PrEP were more likely to use HIVST (adjusted hazard ratio=1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6) and distribute HIVST kits (adjusted hazard ratio=1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.7) than those using on-demand PrEP. Conclusions MSM who used PrEP had a high rate of usage and secondary distribution of HIVST kits, especially among those on daily PrEP, which suggested high feasibility and necessity for HIVST after PrEP initiation. Assuming that fourth-generation HIVST kits are available, HIVST may be able to replace facility-based HIV testing to a certain extent. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800020374; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=32481 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036231

Underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) are considered an emerging high-speed wireless network for underwater applications and compete with underwater radio frequency (RF) communications and underwater acoustic communications (UAC). Even though the utilization of laser diodes (LDs) enhances the -3dB modulation bandwidth extraordinarily from a few tens of MHz to GHz, LDs have the features of high collimation and narrow spectrum. Without the point-to-point optical alignment, the performance of the LD-based UWOC system drops exponentially because the received optical power determines the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the UWOC system. To achieve a high-performance and reliable UWOC link based on LDs requires focusing optics and an alignment system. In this paper, we demonstrated a CMOS monolithic photodetector with a built-in 2-dimensional light direction sensor for the UWOC link by using a 450 nm LD and none-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation method. Employing this innovative technique, the field of view (FOV) was enlarged to 120°, and data rates up to 110 Mb/s at a bit error rate (BER) of 2.3×10−10 were obtained. The establishment of a proposed UWOC physical link showed enhanced communication performance for more practical and robust wireless communication applications.

The real-time position of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is always of great interest. With advances of technologies, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) become promising tools for AUV tracking. Due to the energy constraint of underwater nodes, energy saving is a key issue that affects all aspects of the design of a tracking scheme. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient tracking scheme for an AUV to locate itself in time by UWSNs. We first design a tracking protocol considering the energy consumptions in both the AUV and sensor nodes (SNs). Particularly, the protocol is designed in two aspects: 1) the passive listening mechanism and duty-cycle strategy for the AUV and 2) the detection-based ranging packet transmission for SNs. Since the tracking protocol will inevitably affect the packet delivery between the AUV and SNs, we analyze the packet delivery success rate (PDSR) to shed light on the impact of system parameters on the tracking performance. To cope with non-linearity of the model and the intermittent observations mainly arisen from the effect of the tracking protocol, we adopt two extended versions of the original intermittent Kalman filter for tracking. They are intermittent extended Kalman filter and intermittent unscented Kalman filter. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking scheme, and reveal that the PDSR analysis provides a design guidance for parameter selection in system configuration.

In underwater wireless sensor networks, time synchronization and localization are basic requirements in many applications. A joint synchronization and localization framework is expected to provide better accuracy. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to execute synchronization and localization simultaneously taking stratification effect into account. In this method, the stratification effect of underwater medium is modeled using a ray tracing approach. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is derived, which is shown to be highly nonlinear and nonconvex. Therefore, we employ the Gauss-Newton algorithm to solve the original nonconvex ML problem in an iterative manner. Furthermore, the Cramér-Rao lower bound for this problem is derived as a benchmark. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in both accuracy and energy efficiency.

Knowledge of the bubble-forming regime is important for studying the mechanism of gas–liquid two-phase flow. The process of bubble formation through an underwater nozzle at the bottom of a rectangular tank was observed using a high-speed camera. Five bubble-forming regimes were classified by considering both the bubble interaction and the periodic behavior. To automatically identify the bubble-forming regimes, 22 image textural features were extracted based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix and grey-level gradient co-occurrence matrix. A feature selection method, the mathematical correlation weight algorithm (MCWA), was proposed to select the optimal textural feature subset for bubble-forming regime recognition. Experimental results demonstrated that the identification rates based on the feature subset selected by MCWA were 99.81% and 99.24% for support vector machine and artificial neural network, respectively, which were higher than those by the between-class distance method and the Fisher algorithm. The MCWA proposed in this paper is an effective feature selection method and can be widely used in pattern recognition.

This paper used "FDS+Evac" simulation model to analyze the platform transfer area fire scene. It focused on the effect of the interaction between the fire and personnel evacuation on the result of evacuation. Through the analysis of evacuation with fire or without fire and fire scene in different conditions, the important influence of the fire smoke to evacuation personnel psychological and physiological aspects was obtained. Results have shown that effect of fire environment on evacuation is significant, mainly reflected in the following three aspects: extending the evacuation time, limiting the scope of activities and changing the personnel evacuation route. The results of this study will help guide the evacuation design of underground space on fire situation.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising and effective tool to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission; however, context-specific data to guide optimal implementation are currently lacking in China. This study aims to systematically collect comprehensive, empirical data to determine effective ways to implement PrEP among at-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The CROPrEP project, a real-world study of PrEP use, will recruit 1000 high-risk HIV-negative MSM participants from four cities in China, who will be able to choose between daily or event-driven dosing regimens, according to their preference. Participants will be followed up at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 for PrEP provision, clinical evaluation, laboratory testing (e.g., emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) concentrations, and HIV/sexually transmitted infections), alongside detailed, self-administered online questionnaires regarding sexual behaviors, adherence, and attitudes. Online weekly notes will be used to record pill use and sexual practice. Various measurements will be triangulated to assess adherence, including: self-reported adherence, pill count, and drug concentration. A propensity score matching model will be fitted to examine the effectiveness of PrEP use in HIV seroconversion compared with non-PrEP users selected from a local expanding cohort study of HIV-1-negative MSM at participating research centers. Analyses using a generalized estimating equation model will focus on elucidation of the cascade of PrEP implementation, effectiveness, safety, and possible effects of PrEP use on sexual behaviors. This study will provide a comprehensive assessment of real-world PrEP use among Chinese MSM, to develop guidelines and strategies for PrEP implementation in China. The CROPrEP project is the first study of the TDF/FTC combination as PrEP in China, which will provide primary data on PrEP implementation, including: the cascade of PrEP use, “real-world” effectiveness, adherence, and safety. The findings from this study have potential to be vital for promoting the integration of PrEP within the portfolio of HIV prevention interventions and developing guidance on PrEP implementation in China. ChiCTR-IIN-17013762 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry). Date of registration: 8 December 2017.

Various domains such as business intelligence and journalism have made many achievements with help of data analytics based on machine learning (ML). While a lot of work has studied how to reduce the cost of training, storing, and deploying ML models, there is little work on eliminating the data collection and purchase cost. Existing data markets provide only simplistic mechanism allowing the sale of fixed datasets with fixed price, which potentially hurts not only ML model availability to buyers with limited budget, but market expansion and thus sellers' revenue as well. In this work, we demonstrate Nimbus, a data market framework for ML model exchange. Instead of pricing data, Nimbus prices ML models directly, which we call model-based pricing (MBP). Through interactive interfaces, the audience can play the role of sellers to vend their own ML models with different price requirements, as well as the role of buyers to purchase ML model instances with different accuracy/budget constraints. We will further demonstrate how much gain of sellers' revenue and buyers' affordability Nimbus can achieve with low runtime cost via both real time and offline results.

The aim of this study was to provide a basis for the theory that the combination of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy would be an effective treatment for osteosarcoma. Here, the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 26 clinical osteosarcoma tissue samples collected before and after chemotherapy was analyzed. The effects of osteosarcoma cells treated with doxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent, on the proliferation and apoptosis of CD8 T lymphocytes were investigated in vitro. Thereafter, the effectiveness of doxorubicin combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody as an osteosarcoma therapy was tested in 24 subcutaneous tumor mouse models. The results showed that the expression of PD-L1 was upregulated by chemotherapy in both the clinical osteosarcoma tissue samples and the osteosarcoma cell lines. The proliferation of CD8 T lymphocytes was inhibited, and apoptosis in CD8 T lymphocytes was enhanced by the doxorubicin-pretreated osteosarcoma cells, whereas this effect was reversed by the anti-PD-L1 antibody. A more effective result was observed when doxorubicin was combined with the anti-PD-L1 antibody in vivo. In short, the combination of conventional chemotherapy and an anti-PD-L1 antibody might be an effective option for osteosarcoma treatment, as anti-PD-L1 antibody can reverse the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy.

How to accurately and efficiently complete the classification of Network data stream is an important research topic and a huge challenge in the field of Internet data analysis. Traditional port-based and DPI-based classification methods have obvious disadvantages in the increase category of P2P services and the problem of poor encryption resistance, leading to a sharp drop in classification coverage. Based on the original DPI classification, this paper proposes a method of network data stream classification using the combination of DPI and machine learning. This method uses DPI to detect network data streams of known features and uses machine learning methods to analyze unknown features and encrypted network data streams. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of network data stream classification.

In this paper, a new digital calibration algorithm is proposed to reduce the circuit area by means of reusing the digital circuit while ensuring the accuracy of the calibration capacitor array. The algorithm is applied to a 16-bit 200KS/s 4 channels sar adc, fabricated in EMC 55-nm process. The simulation result shows that the ENOB of the SAR ADC is raised from 10.85 bits to 15.25 bits, and the SNDR is from 67.07dB increased to 93.54dB. SFDR increased from 70.66dB to 110.6dB. DNL remained at ${\pm 0.8\mathrm{LSB}}$ , and INL remained at ${\pm 1\mathrm{LSB}}$ after the calibration algorithm is adopted.

BACKGROUND Over half of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking (GSN) apps to encounter sex partners. GSN apps' users have become a unique large subpopulation among MSM for interventions concerning HIV prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising measure for HIV prevention, especially for MSM, but its effectiveness largely depends on medication adherence. However, little is known about PrEP adherence among GSN apps' users, which is critical to addressing the overall optimization of PrEP compliance outside of clinical trials in the context of large-scale implementation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between GSN apps' use and medication adherence among MSM receiving PrEP, with the aim to increase their awareness about PrEP use in order to increase adherence. METHODS This study based on the China Real-world Oral intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) project, a multicenter, real-world study of Chinese MSM on daily and event-driven PrEP. Eligible participants completed a detailed computer-assisted self-interview on sociodemographic, GSN apps' use, and sexual behavior. Then participants were followed up for 12 months and assessed for various characteristics (eg, PrEP delivery, adherence assessment, PrEP coverage of sexual activities, and regimens switch). A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the predictors of medication adherence and regimen conversion among GSN apps' users and nonusers. RESULTS At baseline, 756 of the 1023 eligible participants (73.90%) reported primarily using GSN apps to seek sexual partners, and GSN apps' users are more likely to have high-risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and condomless anal intercourse than other nonusers (all P

Yu, S.D.; Yu, W.Y.; Chen, T.; Wang, H.Y., and Zhang, S.J., 2020. Spatial-temporal distribution and convergence of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces of China. In: Qiu, Y.; Zhu, H., and Fang, X. (eds.), Current Advancements in Marine and Coastal Research for Technological and Sociological Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 107, pp. 303-307. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The dynamic trends and convergence of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises was analyzed using the super efficiency DEA model (US-DEA) with undesirable output and the σ convergence model based on the panel data of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces in China from 2007 to 2017 in accordance with the evaluation characteristics of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces. The spatial autocorrelation model was applied to measure the spatial correlation of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises. The research results are as follows: (1) The static analysis shows that there are great differences in the dynamic mean of the eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces, indicating that there is room for the improvement of the eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in some provinces. (2) The static analysis shows that the eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces are constantly rising, reflecting that the general ecological improvement tendency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces is quite significant. (3) The convergence analysis of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces shows that there is no convergence trend in eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces, indicating that the eco-efficiency is instable. (4) The spatial analysis of the correlation status of eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in coastal provinces shows that the eco-efficiency has no correlation and has a dispersed distribution.

Yu, W.; Chen, T.; Yu, S., and Wang, H., 2020. Study on spatial-temporal distribution and dynamic evolution of eco-efficiency in China's coastal provinces. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 454–458. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The dynamic trends and convergence of eco-efficiency were analyzed using the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model (US-DEA) with undesirable output and the σ convergence model based on the panel data of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 in accordance with the eco-efficiency evaluation characteristics of coastal areas. A Markov transition probability model was introduced to analyze the transition probability of eco-efficiency in the time domain and predict the future eco-efficiency evolution of coastal areas in China. The results show that: (1) The eco-efficiency of each province in coastal areas is increasing year after year, presenting a convergence trend. (2) The eco-efficiency of coastal areas is transitioning gradually rather than suddenly. The upward transition probability is greater than the downward transition probability, indicating that the positive probability of eco-efficiency is greater than the negative probability. (3) The eco-efficiency of coastal areas in China will increase year after year in the future based on the prediction of the eco-efficiency transition probability.

Human-machine interface (HMI) is an emerging technology to exchange information between humans and electric devices. In current HMI devices, their crucial sensing components are mainly based on the interaction of physical movements and languages. However, these conventional HMI interacting methods are not friendly to some disabled persons owing to the difficulty to clearly express their intentions with gestures, limb motions, or languages. Additionally, these HMI sensing parts rely on traditional batteries, which require frequent charging or replacing. Here, we report a breath-driven single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) serving as a self-powered sensor to deliver control command through breathing for the HMI interaction. The TENG is on the basis of a flexible nanowire-structured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer thin film, which can harvest mechanical energy of the airflow from human breathing and produce responsive electrical signals. By using this TENG as a self-powered sensor together with signal processing and transmitting circuits, a smart wireless breath-driven HMI system is further developed. Compared with the conventional HMI interacting methods, this smart system can convert real-time human breathing into command signals to control electrical appliances without relying on physical movements or languages. This work introduces a self-powered breath-based interacting method to the field of HMI technology. It could greatly reduce the threshold of using modern electrical equipment and personal electronics for disabled people, and make the HMI interaction become more convenient and captivating.

The use of poppers is highly prevalent in MSM, but little is known about the association between their use and HIV incidence in China. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 in MSM in Shenyang. 475(79.6%) of eligible HIV-negative MSM participated in this prospective survey and near one fourth MSM (23.4%) ever used poppers. About one-third of the participants had condomless anal intercourse, half had multiple sexual partners and 10.5% were syphilis positive. The HIV incidence densities were15.5 (95% CI:9.4–23.4)/100 PY[person-years]) and 4.6 (95% CI:2.9–7.0)/100 PY in poppers-users and non-poppers-users, respectively. Predictors of HIV seroconversion included poppers-using-behavior, having had more than two male partners, practicing group sex, unprotected anal intercourse(UAI) with male partners, and baseline syphilis positivity (all P