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The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 was an era marked by the transition of information and communication technology that was able to create new technology-based investments. Internet of things (IoT), Big Data, and Cloud Computing are the foundations that underlie this 4.0 industrial revolution. Cloud Computing is a service that provides network storage space and computer resources using an internet connection as a medium of access. Cloud Service Providers (CSP) offer attractive services, making more and more companies want to migrate to the cloud. Sometimes the migration process to cloud computing faces problems or even failures, and this is certainly a risk for cloud service users. This study will identify the types of risks and risk components in cloud migration using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The databases used in selecting articles that match the criteria include: Emerald Online, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and between 2015 and 2020. The results of this study, there were 74 articles selected according to the criteria and reviewed. The output of this study shows that there are 7 types of risk in cloud migration, namely information security risk, risk of losing data access, risk of using virtual machines, errors in choosing CSPs, risk of compliance with various laws and regulations, financial risk, and management failure, the weights of 25%, 21%, 18%, 14%, 11%, 7%, and 4% respectively, as well as 5 risk components, namely threats, impacts, risk factors, vulnerabilities, and damage with a weight of 33%, 27%, 20%, 13%, and 7%.

This paper presents a gamification framework for higher education, especially for programming language courses to increase user motivation, pleasure and satisfaction so that learning objectives can be achieved. Although student and lecturer motivation, pleasure, and satisfaction tend to increase compared to conventional techniques, gamification is not a panacea. The success of its application depends on the skill of the lecturer in choosing a game mechanic to give a sense of playing to the learning process in a more interesting way. The technique is done by dividing the class into two parts where one class uses the conventional method and one class uses the gamification method and the results will be evaluated through the assessment results before using the gamification method and after using the gamification method. The framework in this paper adds to the existing framework activities, namely adding in the field of baseline analysis, learning materials and tools used in gamification, where previous papers from three activities have not been discussed in detail. The results obtained turned out that using the gamification technique of student learning outcomes on average 15 to 25 better than using conventional techniques.

The fast advancement of technology on a daily basis encourages the tourist industry to evolve and convert into a digital idea. The tourist hamlet as a tourism destination is the subject of this study, as is its culture and distinctiveness. The Indonesian country has 1734 tourist villages, but only a few are controlled and well maintained. While the tourist villages were expected to provide economic growth for the village community, the reality was that they provided only a few benefits and did not spread to all regions of the village. This study will concentrate on developing a tourist model using a digital economy strategy in order to demonstrate the idea of digital transformation. This model will assist the government in monitoring, controlling, and financing tourism activities, as well as in promoting and distributing products/services without the involvement of third parties, so that the government's enthusiasm for developing tourist villages from village communities to rural communities can be realized

The virus Covid-19 has caused enough trouble for the whole world for nearly a year, ever since it first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. All areas of life are affected in a way or more, especially the education sector. Learning process shifting to be online at home, and it is now commonly referred to as online learning. Despite the now regulated way of learning, debates regarding the effectiveness of online learning are widely circulated. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of online learning, and whether it has positively or negatively impacted the students in any way. The result shows that online learning really has significantly positively impacted students’ performance. Their learning achievement, self-efficacy, as well as learning motivation have shown to be greatly affected by this way of learning. The sources of impacts come from the way the learning materials are delivered, how the class is held, and the educators themselves. Keywords- Online learning, Covid-19, students’ performance, learning achievement, self-efficacy

XYZ is a company engaged in the port sector. To support the company’s business processes, XYZ uses two applications to carry out operational activities, namely the CARTOS application to manage invoices and the Finance application to record company costs and revenues. To produce a cost accounting report, XYZ is still processing and visualizing it manually with data sources from the two applications mentioned earlier. This resulted in quite a long time processing data into information. So that reporting to management cannot be done in real time. Therefore XYZ needs a system that can help management to analyze and manage data into information in real time. The Business Intelligence (BI) method is one of the solutions for company needs, especially in analyzing and providing access to data to help make better decisions. This study discusses the design and implementation of business intelligence solutions ranging from architecture, data warehouse, ETL processes and visualization in the form of a dashboard in accordance with the needs of XYZ. The method used in developing business intelligence dashboards refers to the executive information system life cycle method which consists of justification, planning, business analysis, design, construction, and dissemination. The results of this research are dashboard visualization using the Power BI tool that displays information and knowledge needed in the monitoring process and becomes material to produce management decisions related to cost accounting reports.

Implications of sensor technology on new product introduction requires critical decisions on divergent marketing and operational aspects. In this paper, we employed the Bass model for a new product that used the sensor technology diffusion from the perspective of the Wagner-Whitin lot-sizing model which discusses this matter related to suitability of sensor technology on the market and operational dimensions. The objective of this study is to propose an uncertain fuzzy approach to specify the new product that applied the sensor technology introduction’s optimum time, price, production scheduling, and rate simultaneously. This model will be applied to analyze the impact of sensor technology diffusion on the market acceptance and some operational parameters, for instance, total customer population, price elasticities, startup and maintenance costs, the unit’s variable cost and research and development costs on optimized benefit, and the product’s optimized lifespan. In this experiment, we have inspiration from the version of the Sale et al. (2017) model which considers uncertainty by using fuzzy triangular numbers and performing the alpha cut method. Moreover, in this research, variable cost is considered as a Cobb-Douglas function. Initially, in Research Methodology, mathematical modeling is applied, wherein utilizing simulation and the experimental design method, data were generated. Eventually, using LINGO optimization software, the problem was solved, and for further examinations considering the existence of various parameters, design of experiment (DoE) by Design-Expert 8 software and response surface methodology was adopted to analyze and optimize the problem’s parameters. The results indicated that the objective function’s climax occurs when the higher limit of alpha being 0.7 is assumed; hence, the optimum state of demand belongs to this amount of alpha.

This research aims to develop an integrated information system for pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia, which has separate business units in two different locations. An Integrated System is needed to provide the value of competence in the technology and information systems that companies use in their business processes. The development stage starts from the assessment and understanding of the current situation both in the business environment and the IS/IT environment. The business environment includes the internal business environment and external business environment.Similarly, the IS/IT environment which includes internal and external IS/IT environments. With a deep understanding of current conditions, it can be determined the Information System(IS) strategy, Information Technology(IT) strategy and future IS/IT strategies. This study reveals the following results: The absence of good system integration with the business units involved makes the company in a weak position. But in terms of opportunity is quite high so that the use of technology and information systems that fit business needs is recommended in this study. The results of this study recommends some applications that can solve problems commonly experienced by companies such as system integration and business process automation to achieve more efficient and effective business processes.

This study is aimed to analyze success of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Merging in Chemical Company Singapore that acquired two companies. The success component of ERP system success is using DeLone and McLean success model with qualitative method. The research methodology used detail interview with project implementation team, ERP consultants (8 informants) to get more detail from ERP system merging with information and collected supporting data from the ERP system itself. The result shows that ERP System Merging succeed to increase the system quality of Chemical Company which acquired two companies into one ERP system. It was depicted by the increment of easiness on using the system. The information much more integrated and accurate after the ERP system merging. Meanwhile service quality was increased because of all incidents now monitored in one efficient log system and handled by experienced IT application support team.

This study analyzes the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on impulse buying on the marketplace platform in Jakarta. This research is motivated because the COVID-19 pandemic period lasted quite a long time. Therefore, this research was conducted so that it can be useful for entrepreneurs or marketplace sellers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and literature study. The techniques used in statistical testing include validity testing, reliability testing, and hypothesis testing. When the research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. The results obtained were that there was a relationship between variables, such as mobile marketing, discounts, and lifestyle that could affect impulse buying on the marketplace even though they were moderately related.

Tourism continues to be developed, as one of important sectors to support foreign exchange revenue and also support the economic sectors. The purpose of this research finds the mapping factor from digital economy and its implementation in tourism sector as known as tourism digital model. The Methodology of this research used literature approach from previous research of digital economy characteristics factors and digital tourism. The results of this research were generated variable in Tourism Digital Model that can help develop and support in implementation of digital tourism.

Pandemic COVID-19 has been giving the impact that large to the entire community in Indonesia because the pandemic of this, many activities are obstructed, and regulations protocol Health implemented by the government make its people must adjust themselves to abide by the rules that exist. Likewise, in the education sector, this pandemic make learning should be done in online. Learning process would be not as same when face-to- face and each university also has a method of learning that is different to improve the quality of learning that is given to the students. Higher education as learning environment also wanted to know the level of effectiveness of learning online are given and the attitude / behavior of students during follow online learning procedure. This study aims to determine the effect that significant to the effectiveness of the learning of students who do study via online (E-Learning). The sample was determined using the questionnaire collection method and the results of the questionnaire were collected as research data. Then the data is processed and tested (by testing the validity, reliability, etc.). The results show that internal factors have significant correlation to the effectiveness of e-learning.

Knowledge is an important asset in an organization. Aru Islands District is one of the districts in Maluku Province. The Government of Aru Islands District Maluku has a vision and mission as outlined in the Regional Strategic Plan or commonly referred to as RENSTRA. This vision and mission are an activity that requires a policy direction that is planned and integrated with the strategic environment of all related aspects. The strategic plan is then realized with the implementation of the government with regional autonomy which is the modern governance in realizing quality public services, fast, easy, fair and unlimited for the welfare and progress of the region. In this research will be used a strategic approach as input from the analysis with knowledge management and assessment of the condition of Aru district

Mostly Drugstores do not have any system that exclusively connect to access E-commerce system because the marketing concept of drugstores still use conventional store to sell their products. According to this situation, this study will propose e-commerce that accomodate drugstore service. For this study, the analysis methodology consists of seeing the most recent business processes in the e-commerce system system and the current situation in drugstore, interviewing the drugstore owner, and doing a literature research. Then, for the drugstore mobile application, create the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The system design is accomplished through the creation of Object-Oriented Detailed Designs in the form of diagrams, databases, and user interfaces. The drugstore mobile application, which includes features such as recommendation product menus, best-selling product menus, promo product menus, transaction cart menus, order tracking menus, order letter menus, and item receive confirmation menus, is the result of this study.

This paper discusses basic culinary learning in universities using gamification techniques. The learning objectives are carried out to improve maximum learning outcomes, create a sense of pleasure and joy (satisfaction), and increase motivation. Although the author realizes that gamification is not the only learning technique that must be applied. The success of learning can be influenced by various factors including the internal factors of students and lecturers which until now have become the most important factors. Apart from the curriculum, social environment, and methods used, gamification is an alternative to produce maximum value, satisfaction, and motivation. The gamification technique is done by dividing students into several groups, each group consisting of 4 to 6 students. Each half-semester group is given learning by conventional methods and the next half-semester is given learning by gamification. Both will be evaluated through the results of the assessment in the form of statistics. The results obtained by using gamification on average have 10 to 20 points better than conventional methods. Students and lecturers become satisfied, motivated and get maximum test scores and they become more creative and innovative due to direct student involvement and fast interaction between lecturers and students.

Pandemic Covid-19 has change learning process to use online learning platform to limit interaction between participant of learning and reduce the Covid-19. This shifting has a major impact on education. Even though, many things have been done by education institution, lecturers, and students in adapting to online learning. In this study focus to check the effect of online learning on students' ability to understand the learning process. In this research, we use quantitative approach. To collect the data, this study uses a questionnaire method and in data analysis this study uses descriptive methods. In the results of this research can conclude that there is a positive influence from online learning on student’s ability to understand the material. Therefore, higher education institution have to consider online learning to be good so that in the future it can continue to be developed or upgrade so that it can make it easier for students to understand the material and learn effectively and efficiently.

The fundamental objectives of image steganography algorithm are to simultaneously achieve high payload or embedding capacity, good visual imperceptibility and security. This paper presents a new approach to improve the embedding capacity and provide an imperceptible visual quality, a novel steganography method based on algorithm twenty five pixel value differencing and modified interval table (TFPVD). The cover image is made into 5×5 blocks that don’t overlap and TFPVD method with modified interval is used to embed and extract secret information. The results showed that the proposed TFPVD steganography algorithm has a higher steganographic capacity, which is 1,764 times that of the PBVD algorithm.

A very important job in handling Cloud Computing services is handling threats as early as possible, both threats to users or threats to cloud service providers. Threats in the cloud context are all things that will bring loss to company assets that will cause IT risks to be stored in cloud computing. The purpose of this study is to survey threats in the scope of: Data, Applications, Infrastructure, and services in general in the cloud computing environment. The types of threats or attacks in the context of the cloud have been defined through surveys of relevant articles. The research methodology used is conducting a survey on some of the results of previous studies relating to threats or obstacles in cloud computing carried out in 5 steps, namely: writing the formulation, conducting a search, conducting selection and evaluation, analysis, and summarizing the results. From the survey results, there are many types of threats / obstacles in the cloud computing environment, which are divided into 4 (four) groups, namely: Threats to applications, Threats to data, Threats to infrastructure, Threats to cloud services in general. The results of this study are to provide a more detailed understanding of the types of threats for each service in the cloud.

The implementation of an information system that supports company goals is the main strategy of an organization. But aligning business strategies with information system(IS) and information technology(IT) is not as easy as it seems, because there are several gaps of strategies between upper level and practical level. Often the focus in system development is only on the architecture of the future system, even though the study says that the engineering model of needs is the most important thing in the process of developing the company’s system. PT. SBS is a distributor and supplier company. Along with the development of its business, business processes also become more complex. The information system that was originally felt to be sufficient is considered to be no longer optimal so that it often results in delays in delivery with a fairly large percentage. Therefore, an Enterprise Resources Planning(ERP) system will be developed but it must be ensured that the business processes used are oriented towards organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to introduce and explain the stages of the Organization Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering (OGORE) method as a requirement engineering method in a company’s business processes that focuses on organizational goals. The research method was done by collecting business process data and defining key performance indicators(KPIs) in a small discussion group with stakeholders in the company. The results of this method were Goal Tree Model (GTM) diagrams which was then used as a reference in describing new business processes and in preparing the requirements specification documents. The conclusion obtained that the stages of the OGORE method are able to eliminate needs according to the organization’s goals. It is also recommended to use the OGORE method as one of the requirements management steps in the Enterprise Architecture method to create new method as an agenda for the future.

This study aims to improve the sales business processes of paper manufacturing industry. While manual systems are still used in the company operations utilized today, this study would enhance the business process with the ERP system approach. This analysis uses methods of exploration, interviews, and literature reviews on business process growth. The findings of this study include a new design of business processes and suggestions for business processes that meet the needs of the paper manufacturing ERP system.

Since the right decision is made from the correct data, assessing data quality is an important process in computational science when working in a data-driven environment. Appropriate data quality ensures the validity of decisions made by any decision-maker. A very promising area to overcome common data quality issues is computational intelligence. This paper examines from past to current intelligence techniques used for assessing data quality, reflecting the trend for the last two decades. Results of a bibliometric analysis are derived and summarized based on the embedded clustered themes in the data quality field. In addition, a network visualization map and strategic diagrams based on keyword co-occurrence are presented. These reports demonstrate that computational intelligence, such as machine and deep learning, fuzzy set theory, evolutionary computing is essential for uncovering and solving data quality issues.

Gender classification or identification is an interesting research area in speech or voice signal processing. It is a promising research area, and there still a room for improvements, especially in the localization context. There are not many researches related gender identification in Bahasa Indonesia. Most of the research found are in English, some are in Chinese, Korea, Arab, France. This paper will used primary data, self-collected in Bahasa Indonesia to identify the gender using the supervised machine learning algorithm. MFCC is used as the feature extraction algorithm for input in the machine learning. After comparing several algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, SVM and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, ANN shows more promising result then others. There are 2.735 primary data used in this research. The result in this research will be used in future experiment about the impact of gender classification in voice recognition in Bahasa Indonesia.

The security system in monitoring the room or something suspicious activity that can cause crimes in the field of information and technology as in private homes is indispensable. Aims to keep valuables from theft and loved ones like babies from kidnapping or reducing the risk of an accident in an unguarded infant activity. The use of CCTV still has constraints because some functions are still done manually such as should always move the record of the CCTV data every day to different memory so that there is waste in using memory. Moreover, the position of the camera can not be adjusted freely in the placement so that it can easily be destroyed by irresponsible people, and also ordinary CCTV needs electricity that is considerable in its use. This research is done to improve and facilitate the process of monitoring of baby activity and the room where the baby is called sleep or rest, all monitoring activities can be done using only a Web browser that can be accessed by a smartphone or desktop. The monitoring system is created using a program called RPi Cam that is installed on the Raspberry Pi with a Raspberry Camera module as a monitoring camera and a DHT22 sensor module as a room temperature monitor.

Sports science can have a significant and positive impact on coaches and athletes, as well as for the professional sports organization. According to this situation, more and more organizations are competing to implement sports science as the monitoring systems. Along with the development of technology, it becomes easier for humans to carry out their activities, including communication with each other. Advances in the field of communication technologies have led to the use of social networks to support all activity. With social media, all kinds of information that people want to search for can be found easily. Social networks have their uniqueness in their characteristics. Like LINE has free calling and video calling features, while Instagram has features like Instagram Story, where users can document their activities in the form of photos or recordings. By all the characteristics of social networks, it will support the activity of sports science. The methodology of this research focused on quantitative research based on the T-test approach. The result shows that social media involvement can significantly support collaboration in sports science, so it can increase people's motivation to interact with other participants in sport organizations.

This paper presents the sports apps based on a mobile application that has a function to help the provider or the owner of the sports field and sports vendor to promote their business in the apps. Due to the popularity and convenience that mobile applications had and high interest from many people in having a healthy life, it is a great opportunity to combine both of them. Therefore, this study focusses to build mobile sports application using object-oriented analysis and design method, that could meet the demand of lots of peoples that wants to do a sport especially a ball sport. Otherwise, the application can help and support the community and public, especially for ball sports fans, to make reservations for the sports field easier without having to come to the location and also meet their sporting needs.

Code-mixed language is ubiquitous. Having been commonly practiced among bilingual communities, code-mixed language has emerged as a common language among social media users. Despite its popularity, the analysis of a code-mixed text is challenging as the text does not typically comply with the monolingual grammar. Therefore, the popularity of social media in the past ten years has raised wide attention to develop methods for analyzing code-mixed text such as extracting popularity sentiment from the text. Machine learning-based classifier such as Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression have been widely used to analyze the sentiment. This paper intends to further explore machine learning classifiers, their performances, variables, and most common classifiers for the code-mixed sentiment analysis. Prisma Methodology was used in this paper, extracting 12 from 230 papers that met predefined required criteria, including publication year within the last 5 years. Our findings suggested that the most common classifiers found in the papers were Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression. By using the accuracy and F1 as the performance measures, the Support Vector Machine exhibited a better performance compared to Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression. Thus, this study supported the use of Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression as the main classifiers for the code-mixed sentiment analysis.

Introduction : Social Big data is generated by interactions of connected users on social network. Sharing of opinions and contents amongst users, reviews of users for products, result in Social Big data. If any user intends to select product such as movies, books etc. from e-commerce sites or view any topic or opinion on social networking sites, there are a lot of options and these options result in information overload. Case Description : Social recommendation systems assist users to make better selection as per their likings. Recent research works have improved recommendation systems by using matrix factorization, social regularization or social trust inference. Furthermore, these improved systems are able to alleviate cold start and sparsity but not efficient for scalability. Discussion and Evaluation: The main focus of this paper is to improve scalability and provide better recommendations to users with large-scale data in less response time. We have partitioned social big graph and distributed it on different nodes based on Mahout and PowerGraph like system. Conclusion : In our approach, partitioning is based on direct as well as indirect trust between users and comparison with state-of-the-art approaches proves that statistically better partitioning quality is achieved using our approach. In our proposed approach ScaleRec, hyperedge and transitive closure are used to enhance social trust amongst users. Experiment analysis on standard datasets proves that better locality and recommendation accuracy is achieved by using our proposed approach.

The role of information technology in sports organizations is important to analyze all aspects including how to win in the competition based on various internal and external factors. The approach that used to enhance the sports organizations is sports science, which is a concept that contributes to the development of athletes by collaborating in many fields and studies, such as anatomy, physiology, psychology, engineering, chemistry, etc. The approach of Sport science articulates the technology that blended on all of the approached. Currently, the use of sports technology or science in Indonesia is also very low in all sports categories. Usually, the management and coaches look at player statistics based on manual data or reports to view player statistics periodically. There is still a lack of exploration to use player statistics to be used by coaches to improve the ability of the players and the organization. This research will propose how to develop sports science with a business intelligence approach that used the Kimball data mart approach as decision support in the field of sports so that management and coaches can apply the correct approach to improve the capacity of players and organizational development. The result of this study will provide the model of sports science that can be implemented for a professional sports organization in Indonesia.

The focus of this research is looking for general factors in digital economy and sharing economy. The methodology is using a systematic literature review approach that is categorized appropriate literature reviews where the literature review will focus on research on digital economy and also the concept of sharing economy or research that adopts both methods. From total 119 papers found in accordance with the search keyword, there were 50 papers which were candidates, while 12 papers were selected in this study. Furthermore, there are 9 (nine) factors that are common factors in the digital economy and sharing economy.

The development of the internet made new problems within the scope of copyright. The internet is used to download copyrighted content and use it without permission from the creators. The legal protection of copyright the creators of content downloaded through the internet done in a way that the administration, through the instrument of criminal law and civil lawsuit. Legal efforts to protect the copyright of songwriters downloaded via the internet are carried out in several ways, namely the Ministry of Information and Technology to play an active role in blocking sites that provide free song download facilities and prepare human resources in the field of investigation such as from the National Police The Republic of Indonesia as well as Civil Servants and other Investigators such as prosecutors and judges who have the ability and knowledge in the field of IPR as well as the role of the Copyright Council to provide knowledge of the importance of IPR.

Cashless Transaction describes as a state where financial transactions are not bound by physical form such as banknotes or coins, but rather trough transfer of digital information (electronic representation of money). Cashless Transaction exists because of fast majorities of human transaction evolved towards digital environment, this creates an opportunity where legal money exists, recorded, and exchanged in digital form. Thus cashless transaction will make less effort in currency operation cost, keep on track with expenses, connected anytime everywhere as long as connected with internet, and eliminates the needs of banknotes or receipt. Cashless Transaction have done over the past few years making life easier by reducing a number of objects to merge into 1 functional object that could make payments faster and simpler starting with check the first mark of cashless transaction that's still being used nowadays, but cashless transaction doesn't stop evolving in this modern era where money is demonetized, cashless transaction is moving into the digital grid resulting a breakthrough mobile wallets and online transfer that offers people flexibility because its technology advancement makes it possible to make payments anytime and anywhere since it's only depend on a secure network(internet) and a platform, therefore cashless transaction could be done as fast as possible saving precious time. Cashless transaction has some of key components such as security, UX, Functionality, Performance and Data Integrity. Five key components could make cashless transaction become reality but also poses a different threat to cashless transaction. Hacking is one of them. Hacking could be done by anyone that have the ability to compromise the transmission, the transmission needs to have more data protection thus the cashless transaction could be done safely and free of risk.

This study aims to assist resource management and the project controller at Port Harbor Company. Port Harbor Company is an IT Consulting. Problems that often occur in IT Consulting are related to the project cost, resource management and control of each project. Problems that occur at the Port Harbor Company are poor resource management, spending costs that exceed a predetermined budget and how to see the status of ongoing projects. Using Business Intelligence and the dashboard as a front end will help the project controller and resource management manage resources, manage project costs and monitor ongoing projects. In this study, the development and implementation of Business Intelligence and dashboards using the ASAP method are expected to be more structured and can solve the Port Harbor Company problem.

The sustained social and economic phenomenon will affect the coming years, such as the increased cultural and religious diversity, population growth and changes in consumption and lifestyle. This condition will create various challenges to the public service. In providing the initiative on e-government, in this case is e-government based on social media, the government has invested in resources, energy, time and minds with the belief that it will improve the service quality to citizens. The purpose of this initiative is for citizens to use social media that allows them to access information about the condition of their city. This social media application offers the benefits of a communication channel between the community and the government or parties which has a public interest. Through this application, people can complain about various public services. Therefore, this research aimed to allow citizens to provide feedback on the development of ongoing social media-based e-government applications and to build and propose the appropriate architecture needed to develop a social media-based e-government application.

In recent times, the challenges faced in the culinary field include uncontrolled food quality, inadequate nutrition supplements, limited knowledge in food processing, low dieting awareness, increase of fast foods, and loss of culinary knowledge. The purpose of this study therefore is to determine the technological component in learning culinary processes. Data was obtained through an exploratory method from literature reviews of previous researches. Furthermore, the findings indicated that individual motivations were obtained from both internal and external factors. Adequate infrastructure in terms of networks, technology, hardware and software, has the ability to enhance knowledge sharing in the cooking field.

Purpose-Cloud computing as a service facility in online learning systems provides good solutions for educational institutions. Reasons for educational institutions to use cloud computing as a means of learning include cloud service providers providing sizable hardware and software resources, so educational institutions do not have to pay a large amount of money to buy hardware and software as an investment. But as long as this online learning system runs there will definitely be risks, for example performance problems from internet network connections. This study aims to discuss this problem. Methodology/approach In this study, firstly identifying dangerous or harmless activities to the activities carried out in cloud computing, then determining the impact, aspects, likelihood and severity of risks, and finally determining the level of risk from these activities using a risk matrix. Finding- By using a risk register in the learning system, risk analysis and evaluation can show the Incident, Cause, impact, risk type, risk category, aspect, likelihood, severity, and risk level for each dangerous or non-hazardous activity. Originality/value - The tools used to measure the level of risk for dangerous or non-hazardous activities for the learning system can be used for more extensive research aimed at measuring institutional-level risks in the education sector

Software testing is an important and critical activity in software development that deals with software quality. However, the testing process is consuming activities that need to be automated to save a lot of resources. Towards automated testing, automating test cases generation as the first testing process is being highlighted. This research aims to generate test case automatically from UML diagram since model based testing that conducted on early phase of software development process show higher efficiency. UML diagrams used in this research are activity diagram, sequence diagram and SYTG as the combination graph. These three diagrams have been proved as the most compatible diagram to generate test case from previous research. Method proposed in this paper is Depth First Search algorithm that is modified to generate expected test cases. This paper proves that modified DFS algorithm applied to generate test case is provide accurate result, every node presented on the test case, include any condition (alt and opt). Comparison result from three different test cases generated shows that test cases from combined UML may not necessarily result in better test cases, due to the possibility of redundant test cases for some test cases. This paper also presenting an experiment result that proving sequence diagrams can produce better test cases.