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Work-related violence against healthcare workers inflicted by healthcare users is a rising multidimensional phenomenon, a cause of concern among those who ensure the safety and health of these professionals. Although different studies indicate high percentages of attacks against healthcare workers, statistics from reports reveal much lower data. Underreporting of occupational violence against healthcare workers is a well-known fact reported in many studies. It is presented as a major obstacle when it comes to proposing adequate preventive measures, because the data on which to base these measures do not correspond to the true incidence of all the assaults that take place. Underreporting also makes it difficult to correctly assess the usefulness of preventive measures implemented. The following article looks at the latest studies carried out on the subject, presenting an overview of the factors accompanying these assaults, as well as the main reasons for this underreporting. It also highlights the lack in the literature of instruments designed to measure underreporting that have undergone a validation process. For all these reasons, this problem requires further study with validated tools to determine the reasons and circumstances that accompany and promote the underreporting of violence against healthcare workers. Knowing these reasons is a preliminary step in the fight against workplace violence and to measure the true magnitude of the problem, to provide the occupational health services with precise data and develop and assess the preventive measures implemented.

Background: The inflammatory bowel disease nurse plays a key role in the multidisciplinary team. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory bowel disease knowledge before and after the educational intervention with nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study was performed from June to August 2016. The sample consisted of 26 nurses from the nursing staff of a public university hospital in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The study was divided into three phases: pre-educational intervention, educational intervention and post-educational intervention (test application). A p-value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistically significance. Results: The study included 26 general nurses with an average of 9.20 ± 5.78 years of experience. There was an increase in safety in administering biological therapy after the course (from 33.34% to 78.26%), and an increase in knowledge about the main inflammatory bowel disease symptoms (64.29% vs 96.30%, p = 0.0224), and about infliximab infusion (35.71% vs 74.07%, p = 0.0404). Conclusion: The educational intervention effectively contributed to the increase of knowledge of the nursing staff.

AIM To build and preliminarily validate a Spanish-language instrument to assess the impact that CNCP has on the daily lives of people who suffer from it. BACKGROUND The experience of pain is multifactorial and a correct assessment of it helps to control the intensity of pain. Although there are instruments that evaluate areas on which Chronic Non-Cancer Pain impacts, it would be necessary to include other aspects that scientific literature identifies as relevant. DESIGN Instrument and construct cross-sectional study for psychometric validation. METHODS A total of 157 items based on items from validated questionnaires were evaluated by a group of 21 chronic pain experts using Delphi methodology in three evaluation rounds. A final questionnaire of 55 items with a 5-point Likert-type scale was formed. This questionnaire was piloted on a total of 30 patients to assess their understanding of the items and the psychometric validation process was carried out (January to March 2020) on a subsequent sample of 395 people, all of whom attended Pain Units and Primary Care Centres of the Public Health System in Spain. RESULTS The PAIN_Integral Scale© showed acceptable internal consistency scores measured by Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a structure of nine factors that explain 71.02% of the total variance, from 157 to a final total of 36 items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showing adequate values confirmed this structure. The effect size was used to calculate the cut-off points for the overall scale, setting them at scores of 130 and 135. CONCLUSION This instrument would allow to assess other constructs and dimensions not included in the instruments previously available such as treatment compliance, proactivity, resilience, hopelessness due to pain and pain catastrophizing. However, despite the fact that the preliminary analysis shows good results, it is necessary to continue with its validation process in subsequent studies. IMPACT The PAIN_Integral Scale© , once the validation process is finished, could be a complete enough instrument to allow a comprehensive healthcare assessment of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain's impact on daily nursing clinical practice and other healthcare professionals.