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Background: Natural (bovine-/equine-/porcine-derived) or synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterials appear to be the preferred technologies among clinicians for bone augmentation procedures in preparation for implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to screen candidate HA biomaterials intended for alveolar ridge augmentation relative to their potential to support local bone formation/maturation and to assess biomaterial resorption using a routine critical-size rat calvaria defect model. Methods: Eighty adult male Sprague Dawley outbred rats obtained from a approved-breeder, randomized into groups of ten, were used. The calvaria defects (ø8 mm) either received sham surgery (empty control), Bio-Oss (bovine HA/reference control), or candidate biomaterials including bovine HA (Cerabone, DirectOss, 403Z013), and bovine (403Z014) or synthetic HA/ß-TCP (Reprobone, Ceraball) constructs. An 8 wk healing interval was used to capture the biomaterials’ resolution. Results: All biomaterials displayed biocompatibility. Strict HA biomaterials showed limited, if any, signs of biodegradation/resorption, with the biomaterial area fraction ranging from 22% to 42%. Synthetic HA/ß-TCP constructs showed limited evidence of biodegradation/erosion (biomaterial area fraction ≈30%). Mean linear defect closure in the sham-surgery control approximated 40%. Mean linear defect closure for the Bio-Oss reference control approximated 18% compared with 15–35% for the candidate biomaterials without significant differences between the controls and candidate biomaterials. Conclusions: None of the candidate HA biomaterials supported local bone formation/maturation beyond the native regenerative potential of this rodent model, pointing to their limitations for regenerative procedures. Biocompatibility and biomaterial dimensional stability could suggest their potential utility as long-term defect fillers.

Background Three- dimensional (3D) technology has been suggested to overcome these limitations in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures because 3D-printed scaffolds can be easily molded to patient-specific bone defect site. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3-D printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with or without hyaluronic acid (HA) in a rabbit calvaria model. Methods A calvaria defect with a diameter of 15 mm was created in 30 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allocated into 3 groups including no graft group (control, n = 10) , 3D printed PLA graft group (3D-PLA, n = 10) , and 3D printed PLA with hyaluronic acid graft group (3D-PLA/HA, n = 10) . Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Microcomputed tomography and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results Over the whole examination period, no significant adverse reactions were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in bone volume (BV) /tissue volume (TV) among the three groups at 4 weeks. However, the highest BV/TV was observed in the 3D-PLA/HA group at 12 weeks. The new bone area for control, 3D-PLA, and 3D-PLA/HA showed no statistical differences at 4 weeks. However, the value was significantly higher in the 3D-PLA and 3D-PLA/HA groups compared to the control group at 12 weeks. Conclusion The 3D printed PLA scaffolds was biocompatible and integrated well with bone defect margin. They were also provided the proper space for new bone formation. Therefore, 3D printed PLA/HA might be a potential tool to enhance bone augmentation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) soaked with hyaluronic acid (HA) for ridge preservation in compromised extraction sockets. Methods Bilateral third, fourth premolars and first molar were hemisected, distal roots were extracted, and then combined endodontic periodontal lesion was induced in the remaining mesial roots. After 4 months, the mesial roots were extracted and the following four treatments were randomly performed: Absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), ACS soaked with HA (ACS+HA), Ridge preservation with DBBM-C covered with a collagen membrane (RP), Ridge preservation with DBBM-C mixed with HA and covered with a collagen membrane (RP+HA). Animals were sacrificed at 1 and 3 months following treatment. Ridge dimensional changes and bone formation were examined using microcomputed tomography, histology, and histomorphometry. Results At 1 month, ridge width was significantly higher in the RP and RP+HA groups than in the ACS and ACS+HA groups, while the highest proportion of mineralized bone was observed in ACS+HA group. At 3 months, ridge width remained significantly higher in the RP and RP+HA groups than in the ACS and ACS+HA groups. ACS+HA and RP+HA treatments featured the highest proportion of mineralized bone and bone volume density compared to the other groups. No statistical difference was observed between ACS+HA and RP+HA treatments. Conclusions Ridge preservation with the mixture DBBM-C/HA prevented dimensional shrinkage and improved bone formation in compromised extraction sockets at 1 and 3 months. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved, One sentence summary. The mixture of hyaluronic acid and deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen in compromised extraction sockets can improve bone formation and prevent dimensional shrinkage.

Background To minimize alveolar bone resorption, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) has been proposed. Recently, interest in improving the feasibility of implant placement has gradually increased, especially in situations of infection such as periodontal and/or endodontic lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate if ARP improves feasibility of implant placement compared with no ARP in periodontally compromised sites. Secondary endpoints were the necessity of bone graft at the time of implant placement and implant failure before loading at ARP compared with no ARP. Material and methods This retrospective study was performed using dental records and radiographs obtained from patients who underwent tooth extraction due to chronic periodontal pathology. Outcomes including the feasibility of implant placement, horizontal bone augmentation, vertical bone augmentation, sinus floor elevation, total bone augmentation at the time of implant placement, and implant failure before loading were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of multiple variables on the clinical outcomes. Results In total, 418 extraction sites (171 without ARP and 247 with ARP) in 287 patients were included in this study. The ARP group (0.8%) shows significantly lower implant placement infeasibility than the no ARP group (4.7%). Horizontal and vertical bone augmentations were significantly influenced by location and no ARP. Total bone augmentation was significantly influenced by sex, location, and no ARP. Conclusion ARP in periodontally compromised sites may improve the feasibility of implant placement. In addition, ARP attenuate the severity of the bone augmentation procedure.

Previous studies demonstrated that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered using a collagen sponge could be a candidate for periodontal regeneration therapy. However, there is little evidence related to rhBMP-2 delivered with a bilayer collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the proper dose of rhBMP-2 using a bilayer collagen matrix for periodontal regeneration in a 1-wall defect. The mandibular first premolars and first molars of 6 beagle dogs were extracted, and an 8-week healing period was allowed. One-wall intrabony defects (4 mm in width and 5 mm in height) were made on the mesial side of the 2nd premolar and/or the distal side of the 4th premolar bilaterally. Subsequently, a bilayer collagen matrix containing 0 μg (C), 200 μg (T1), or 500 μg (T2) of lyophilized rhBMP-2 was randomly applied to the defect area. Calcein and xylenol orange were injected at 4 and 8 weeks following the surgery, respectively, to label periodic bone formation. After a 12-week healing period, the animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Bone mineral density and bone volume density showed statistically significant differences between the control group and group T1, while no significant differences were observed between the control group and group T2 or between groups T1 and T2. The bone height in groups T1 and T2 was smaller than that in the control group. Low doses of rhBMP-2 delivered using a bilayer collagen matrix in 1-wall intrabony defects can promote periodontal regeneration compared to no or high doses of rhBMP-2.

Background This experimental study aims to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid on healing of infected extraction sockets compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Methods Both third and fourth mandibular premolars of six beagle dogs were hemisected, and the distal roots were extracted at baseline. Subsequently, combined endodontic-periodontic lesions were induced at the remaining mesial roots. After 4 months, the mesial roots on both sides of the mandible were removed. Four sockets per dog were randomly allocated to four groups: Group 1, Control; Group 2, only absorbable collagen sponge (ACS: carrier); Group 3, 1% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel + ACS; and Group 4, rhBMP-2 + ACS. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were euthanized for microcomputed tomography and histologic analysis. Results After the lesion induction period (4 months), communication between the periodontal lesion and endodontic periapical lesion was observed at all remaining mesial roots. Alveolar bone overgrowth was observed in groups 3 and 4, but bone volume density was not significantly different among all groups. At the crestal portion, mineralization, and osteocalcin expression were higher in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion Treatment with HA can promote bone formation and improve the wound healing rate comparable to rhBMP-2 in infected extraction sockets.

PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to identify the effects of certain flap management procedures on ridge preservation on the basis of existing literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials) and manual searches of the literature were conducted until February 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and prospective cohort studies that involved at least 10 subjects were eligible for this systematic review. To evaluate the beneficial effects of flap management on ridge preservation, changes in the bone width, bone height, and keratinized gingiva width were calculated using a random effects model. RESULTS Eleven studies (nine RCTs and two CCTs) were included in this review. No statistically significant differences in bone width and height changes were identified between the flapped and flapless ridge preservation techniques and between the free gingival graft and flapless ridge preservation techniques. A statistically significant shrinkage in keratinized gingiva width was noted with flapped ridge preservation compared with flapless ridge preservation (weighted mean differences, -3.21 mm; 95% confidence interval, -4.10 to -2.33; P < .00001; heterogeneity, 51%; χ2, 0.15). CONCLUSION Within the limitations, this review reveals that flapless ridge preservation was more effective in preserving bone width, bone height, and keratinized gingiva width. To present pertinent evidence regarding which flap management should be recommended for ridge preservation, more controlled and high-quality studies are warranted.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of regenerative therapy with a collagenated bone graft and resorbable membrane in intrabony defects, and to evaluate the effects of the novel extracellular matrix (ECM)-based membrane clinically and radiologically. Methods Periodontal tissue regeneration procedure was performed using an ECM-based resorbable membrane in combination with a collagenated bovine bone graft in intrabony defects around the teeth and implants. A novel extracellular matrix membrane (NEM) and a widely-used membrane (WEM) were randomly applied to the test group and the control group, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography images were obtained on the day of surgery and 6 months after the procedure. Alginate impressions were taken and plaster models were made 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. Results The quantity of bone tissue, the dimensional changes of the surgically treated intrabony defects, and the changes in width and height below the grafted bone substitutes showed no significant difference between the test and control groups at the 6-month examination. Conclusions The use of NEM for periodontal regeneration with a collagenated bovine bone graft showed similar clinical and radiologic results to those obtained using WEM., Graphical Abstract

Purpose The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures with open-healing approach using a single-layer and a double-layer coverage with collagen membranes using radiographic and clinical analyses. Methods Eleven molars from 9 healthy patients requiring extraction of the maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth were included and allocated into 2 groups. After tooth extraction, deproteinized bovine bone mineral mixed with 10% collagen was grafted into the socket and covered either with a double-layer of resorbable non-cross-linked collagen membranes (DL group, n=6) or with a single-layer (SL group, n=5). Primary closure was not obtained. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken immediately after the ARP procedure and after a healing period of 4 months before implant placement. Radiographic measurements were made of the width and height changes of the alveolar ridge. Results All sites healed without any complications, and dental implants were placed at all operated sites with acceptable initial stability. The measurements showed that the reductions in width at the level 1 mm apical from the alveolar crest (including the bone graft) were −1.7±0.5 mm in the SL group and −1.8±0.4 mm in the DL group, and the horizontal changes in the other areas were also similar in the DL and SL groups. The reductions in height were also comparable between groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, single-layer and double-layer coverage with collagen membranes after ARP failed to show substantial differences in the preservation of horizontal or vertical dimensions or in clinical healing. Thus, both approaches seem to be suitable for open-healing ridge preservation procedures., Graphical Abstract

Purpose The aim of this study was to radiographically and clinically compare the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) membranes on dimensional alterations following a ridge preservation procedure. Methods One of 2 different ECM membranes was applied during a ridge preservation procedure. A widely used ECM membrane (WEM; Bio-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was applied in the treatment group and a newly developed ECM membrane (NEM; Lyso-Gide, Oscotec Inc., Seongnam, Korea) was applied in the control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and alginate impressions were obtained 1 week and 6 months after the ridge preservation procedure. Results were analyzed using the independent t-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were no significant differences between the ECM membranes in the changes in the dimension, width, and height of the extraction socket or the quantity of bone tissue. Conclusions The NEM showed comparable clinical and radiographic results to the WEM following the ridge preservation procedure., Graphical Abstract

AIM To determine the effect of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in molar sites without primary flap closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups were established: extraction sockets grafted with deproteinized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen (DBBM-C) and covered by a native bilayer collagen membrane (NBCM) (test group 1), sockets grafted with DBBM-C only (test group 2), and sockets that healed naturally (control group). Primary flap closure was not attempted. Conebeam computed tomography scans were obtained immediately and then 4 months after ARP. A biopsy was performed. The change of the marginal bone level was measured. RESULTS There was significantly less horizontal resorption in test group 1 than in the control group at levels 1 mm (-1.02 ± 0.88 [mean ± SD] vs. -4.44 ± 3.71 mm) and 3 mm (-0.31 ± 1.51 vs. -2.27 ± 1.15 mm) below the crest, and significantly less vertical reduction in the midcrestal area in test group 1 than in test group 2 (-0.25 ± 0.95 vs. -1.15 ± 1.63 mm) (p

Purpose This article describes a case of the successful non-surgical management of a periodontally compromised maxillary premolar. Methods A combination therapy, including root planing, occlusal adjustment, and tooth splinting, was applied. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed during the 16-month follow-up period. Results All periodontal parameters were improved. There were dramatic decreases (3–6 mm) in the probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, and marginal bone loss. Interestingly, gradual resolution of the periapical radiolucency and alveolar bone regeneration were observed in the radiographs, and the periodontal condition was maintained during the follow-up period. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, these results demonstrate the importance of natural tooth preservation through proper periodontal treatment and occlusal adjustment of the periodontally compromised tooth, which is typically targeted for tooth extraction and dental implantation., Graphical Abstract

Purpose Evidence on the outcomes of functional loading placed in recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2)/acellular collagen sponge (ACS)-induced bone is lacking. The aim of this study was to verify whether guided bone regeneration (GBR) with rhBMP-2/ACS enhances regeneration of missing bone and osseointegration of dental implants subject to functional loading. Materials and methods Two bilateral standardized large saddle-type defects (≈10 × 10 × 6 mm) were surgically created in each mandible of seven beagle dogs 2 months after tooth extraction. Defects were immediately reconstructed randomly using rhBMP-2 (O-BMP or InFuse) soaked in ACS, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) granules, or ACS alone as surgical control and subsequently covered with collagen membrane. Screw-type sand-blasted, acid-etched dental implants were placed 3 months later into the reconstructed defects and into adjacent bone. Osseointegration was allowed to progress for 3 months before functional loading of 3 months until sacrifice. Results Significantly more bone fill was radiographically observed for GBR with rhBMP-2/ACS (O-BMP: 92.5%, InFuse: 79%) in comparison to the DBBM (52%) and ACS alone groups (56.6%). Osseointegration was achieved and maintained in all experimental defects challenged by prostheses-driven functional load. The bone density ranged from 37.49% in the ACS group to 64.9% in the rhBMP-2/ACS (InFuse) group with no significance. The highest mean percentage of BIC was found in rhBMP-2/ACS (InFuse: 52.98%) with no statistical difference. Crestal bone resorption was observed around implants placed in reconstructed areas without any significant difference. Conclusion GBR with rhBMP-2/ACS provided the greatest bone fill among the three treatment procedures. GBR with rhBMP-2/ACS showed efficacy for placement, osseointegration, and functional loading of titanium implants in alveolar ridge defects.

OBJECTIVE To screen candidate biomaterials intended for alveolar augmentation relative to their potential to enhance local bone formation using a routine critical-size (o8-mm) rat calvaria defect model. METHODS One hundred and forty male Sprague Dawley outbred rats, age 11-12 weeks, weight 325-375 g, obtained from USDA approved breeder, randomised into 14 groups of 10 animals, each received one of the following treatments: sham-surgery (empty control), Bio-Oss (bovine HA/reference control), or candidate biomaterials including bovine HA, synthetic HA/s-TCP and calcium phosphate constructs, mineralised/demineralised human bone preparations, a s-TCP/calcium sulphate and an HA/calcium sulphate putty. A 4-week healing interval was chosen to discern local bone formation using incandescent and polarised light microscopy. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Candidate biomaterials all displayed biocompatibility. They exhibited limited, if any, appreciable bioerosion or biodegradation. No statistically significant differences in mean linear defect closure were observed among experimental groups, sham-surgery displaying the highest score (48.1 ± 24.3%). Sham-surgery also showed a significantly greater bone area fraction than all other groups (19.8 ± 13.9%, p

Peri-implantitis is a chronic inflammatory process with advanced bone loss and impaired healing potential. For peri-implantitis treatment, tissue engineering can be applied to enhance bone regeneration of peri-implant defects. This study aimed to evaluate ex vivo bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene delivery using canine periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for regeneration of peri-implantitis defects. Canine PDLSCs were transduced with adenoviral vectors containing BMP2 (BMP2/PDLSCs). After peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement in six beagle dogs, regenerative procedures were performed; hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and collagen gel with autologous canine PDLSCs (PDLSC group) or BMP2/PDLSCs (BMP/PDLSC group) or without cells (control group) were grafted into the defects and covered by an absorbable membrane. Three months later, the animals were sacrificed. In vitro, BMP2/PDLSCs showed similar levels of stem cell properties to PDLSCs, such as colony-forming efficiency and expression of MSC markers STRO-1 and CD 146. BMP2/PDLSCs produced BMP-2 until day 21 at a concentration of 4-8 ng/mL. In vivo, the BMP2/PDLSC group showed significantly more new bone formation and re-osseointegration in peri-implantitis defects compared to the other groups. In conclusion, ex vivo BMP2 gene delivery using PDLSCs enhanced new bone formation and re-osseointegration in peri-implantitis defects.

The purpose of this study was to compare the histologic and radiologic differences between single- and double-layer collagen membrane techniques in flapless ridge preservation. The mandibular fourth premolar and first molar of four beagle dogs were used in the experiment. Mesial roots of the teeth were extracted and root canal treatment was performed at the distal roots. Ridge preservation was performed at the extraction sites using synthetic bone graft material. A single layer (control group) or double layer (test group) of non-crosslinked collagen membrane was applied following bone graft application. Three months later, the animals were sacrificed and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare between the control and test groups. The vertical difference between buccal and lingual crests of control and test groups was 1.28 ± 0.41 and 0.53 ± 0.37 mm, respectively (p = 0.026). The mineralized bone area in control and test groups was 31.48% ± 7.41% and 42.25% ± 9.73%, respectively (p = 0.041). Within the limit of this study, ridge preservation using the double-layer membrane technique showed a reduced buccal bone resorption and improved new-bone formation in the ridge compared to that using the single-layer membrane technique.

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of newly bone formation and dimensional change in diseased extraction sockets using Bio-OssIn six beagle dogs, right and left 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars were hemisected and the distal roots were removed. Combined endodontic-periodontic lesions were induced in all sites using black silk, collagen sponge, endodontic files, and application of Porphyromonas gingivalis. After 4 months, among 4 premolars, three teeth were randomly selected per dog and allocated to the following experimental groups: Control group (no treatment but debridement), Test 1 group (only Bio-OssThe vertical distance between buccal and lingual crests in the Control group (2.22 ± 0.26 mm) and Test 2 group (1.80 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly different. The socket of the Test 2 group (27.04 ± 5.25%) was occupied by a greater quantity of bone graft compared to the Test 1 group (18.49 ± 2.11%).Ridge preservation in diseased extraction sockets could compensate for buccal bone resorption by contact osteogenesis surrounding the bone graft particles at the bucco-coronal area during socket healing, and the application of a collagen membrane at the entrance of the socket is useful for preserving graft material at the coronal part of the socket.

In previous studies, oligopeptide corresponding to the cell-binding domains of bone morphogenetic proteins that bind to bone morphogenetic protein receptor enhanced the bone regenerative capacity of bovine bone minerals (BBM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of BBM coated with oligopeptide to promote periodontal regeneration in a 1-wall intrabony defect model in dogs.The second and third mandibular premolars and first molars of six adult beagles were extracted bilaterally, and the extraction sites were allowed to heal for 10 weeks. The 1-wall intrabony defects were prepared bilaterally on the mesial and distal side of the fourth mandibular premolars. Twenty-four intrabony defects were assigned to four treatment groups: 1) open flap debridement; 2) guided tissue regeneration (GTR); 3) GTR with a collagen membrane and BBM; and 4) GTR with a collagen membrane and BBM coated with the oligopeptide (Pep-BBM). The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after surgery. For the histometric analysis, defect height, junctional epithelium migration, new cementum, new bone height, and new bone area were measured. New bone volume was measured using microcomputed tomography.Wound healing was generally uneventful. For junctional epithelium migration, the BBM and Pep-BBM groups exhibited mean (± SE) values of 0.53 ± 0.41 and 0.48 ± 0.30 mm, and for new cementum height, 1.71 ± 0.46 and 2.50 ± 2.00 mm, respectively. For junctional epithelium migration and cementum regeneration, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean (± SE) values of new bone height and new bone volume in the Pep-BBM group (3.88 ± 0.31 mm and 32.35% ± 9.60%) were significantly greater than the mean values for the BBM group (2.60 ± 0.41 mm and 20.56% ± 1.89%). For bone regeneration, the Pep-BBM group showed superior results compared to the BBM group with statistically significant differences.Through various parameters to evaluate periodontal regeneration, this oligopeptide coating influenced only the ability of BBM to promote bone regeneration in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagles. Junctional epithelium migration and cementum regeneration were not affected by this oligopeptide coating, and further investigations with special focus on regeneration of the periodontal ligament are necessary.

2Mediflower Clinic, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has been widely used in the evaluation of regenerated bone tissue but the reliability of micro-CT has not yet been established. This study evaluated the correlation between histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis in performing new bone formation measurement. Methods: Critical-size calvarial defects were created using a 8 mm trephine bur in a total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats, and collagen gel mixed with autogenous rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or autogenous rat BMSCs transduced by adenovirus containing bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) genes was loaded into the defect site. In the control group, collagen gel alone was loaded into the defect. After 2 and 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and calvaria containing defects were harvested. Micro-CT analysis and histomorphometric analysis of each sample were accomplished and the statistical evaluation about the correlation between both analyses was performed. Results: New bone formation of the BMP-2 group was greater than that of the other groups at 2 and 4 weeks in both histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis (P = 0.026, P = 0.034). Histomorphometric analysis of representative sections showed similar results to histomorphometric analysis with a mean value of 3 sections. Measurement of new bone formation was highly correlated between histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis, especially at the low lower threshold level at 2 weeks (adjusted r 2 = 0.907, P < 0.001). New bone formation of the BMP-2 group analyzed by micro-CT tended to decline sharply with an increasing lower threshold level, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Both histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis were valid methods for measurement of the new bone in rat calvarial defects and the ability to detect the new bone in micro-CT analysis was highly influenced by the threshold level in the BMP-2 group at early stage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the bone regeneration effects of cortical, cancellous, and cortico-cancel lous human bone substitutes on calvarial defects of rabbits. Methods: Four 8-mm diameter calvarial defects were created in each of nine New Zealand white rabbits. Freeze-dried cortical bone, freeze-dried cortico-cancellous bone, and demineralized bone matrix with freeze-dried cancellous bone were inserted into the defects, while the non-grafted defect was regarded as the control. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing, the experimental animals were euthanized for specimen preparation. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to calculate the percent bone volume. After histological evaluation, histomorphometric analysis was performed to quantify new bone formation. Results: In micro-CT evaluation, freeze-dried cortico-cancellous human bone showed the highest percent bone volume value among the experimental groups at week 4. At week 8 and week 12, freeze-dried cortical human bone showed the highest percent bone volume value among the experimental groups. In histologic evaluation, at week 4, freeze-dried cortico-cancellous human bone showed more prominent osteoid tissue than any other group. New bone formation was increased in all of the experimental groups at week 8 and 12. Histomorphometric data showed that freeze-dried cortico-cancellous human bone showed a significantly higher new bone formation percentile value than any other experimental group at week 4. At week 8, freeze-dried cortical human bone showed the highest value, of which a significant difference existed between freeze-dried cortical human bone and demineralized bone matrix with freeze-dried cancellous human bone. At week 12, there were no significant differences among the experimental groups. Conclusions: Freeze-dried cortico-cancellous human bone showed swift new bone formation at the 4-week healing phase, whereas there was less difference in new bone formation among the experimental groups in the following healing phases.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate bone regeneration following ex vivo bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene delivery using human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in rat calvarial defects. Materials and Methods: An 8 mm craniotomy defect was created in Sprague― Dawley rats. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) non-grafted group, the defect was left empty; (2) collagen matrix group, the defect was filled with collagen matrix only; (3) HGF group, the defect was filled with non-transduced HGFs on collagen matrix; (4) BMP-2/HGF group, the defect was filled with BMP-2 gene-transduced HGFs on collagen matrix. Animals were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, and micro-computed tomographic and histologic observations were performed. Results: The BMP-2/HGF group showed promoted osseous healing of calvarial defects, as compared with the other groups. At both 2 and 4 weeks, regenerated bone area was significantly greater in the BMP-2/HGF group than the other three groups. Quite a few number of transplanted HGFs were observed within the regenerated bone tissues. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that ex vivo BMP-2 gene delivery induces prominent bone regeneration in vivo and HGFs may be useful as target cells for ex vivo gene therapy.

In a previous study, recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta1 (rhTGF-beta(1)) in a calcium carbonate carrier was implanted into critical-size, supraalveolar periodontal defects under conditions for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to study whether rhTGF-beta(1) would enhance or accelerate periodontal regeneration. The results showed minimal benefits of rhTGF-beta(1), and a clear account for this could not be offered. One potential cause may be that the rhTGF-beta(1) formulation was biologically inactive. Several growth or differentiation factors have been suggested to accelerate degradation of biomaterials used as carriers. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible activity of rhTGF-beta(1) on biodegradation of the calcium carbonate carrier.rhTGF-beta(1) in a putty-formulated particulate calcium carbonate carrier was implanted into critical-size, supraalveolar periodontal defects under conditions for GTR in five beagle dogs. Contralateral defects received the calcium carbonate carrier combined with GTR without rhTGF-beta(1) (control). The animals were euthanized at week 4 post-surgery and block biopsies of the defect sites were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Radiographs were obtained at defect creation and weeks 2 and 4 after defect creation.No statistically significant differences were observed in new bone formation (bone height and area) among the treatments. However, total residual carrier was significantly reduced in sites receiving rhTGF-beta(1) compared to control (P = 0.04). Similarly, carrier density was considerably reduced in sites receiving rhTGF-beta(1) compared to control; the difference was borderline statistically significant (P = 0.06).Within the limitations of the study, it may be concluded that rhTGF-beta(1) accelerates biodegradation of a particulate calcium carbonate biomaterial, indicating a biologic activity of the rhTGF-beta(1) formulation apparently not encompassing enhanced or accelerated periodontal regeneration.

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation/osseointegration following surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis at dental implants with different surface characteristics exposed to ligature-induced breakdown conditions. Methods Ten turned (control), 10 sandblasted/acid-etched (SA), and 10 SA/hydroxyapatite nanocoated (HA) implants were installed into the edentulated posterior mandible in five Beagle dogs and allowed to osseointegrate for 12 weeks. Ligature-induced breakdown defects were then induced over 23 weeks using stainless steel wire ligatures. The ligatures were removed and soft tissues were allowed to heal for 3 weeks. Next, exposed implant surfaces were decontaminated followed by guided bone regeneration using a collagen membrane and submerged wound healing. The animals were euthanized for histometric analysis at 12 weeks post-surgery. Results The radiographic analysis showed vertical bone loss following ligature-induced breakdown without statistically significant differences among implant technologies. The histometric analysis showed significantly enhanced bone formation (height) at SA and SA/HA compared with turned implants (p = 0.028) following reconstructive surgery. Bone formation area was greater at SA/HA compared with turned implants, however the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions While ligature-induced defect progression does not appear implant surface dependent in this animal model, bone formation at the decontaminated implant surfaces appears more favourable at SA and SA/HA over turned implants following reconstructive surgery.

Objectives: It has been suggested that degranulating platelet α-granules release growth factors having a potential to modulate bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteoconductive potential of a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation. Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. The PRP preparation was obtained from 10 ml of whole blood drawn from one age-matched donor rat. The preparation was processed by gradient density centrifugation and stored at −80°C until use. Using aseptic techniques, the PRP preparation soak loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) or ACS alone was surgically implanted into contralateral critical size 6-mm calvaria osteotomies in 18 animals. Twelve animals received ACS versus sham surgery in contralateral defects. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Results: The animals were maintained without adverse events. Bone formation was highly variable in sites receiving PRP and control treatments. Defect bone fill at 4 weeks averaged (±SD) 28.8±27.4% (PRP/ACS) versus 39.1±24.4% (ACS; p=0.2626) and 62.0±20.0% (ACS) versus 71.6±32.2% (sham surgery; p=0.1088), and at 8 weeks 81.0±12.9% (PRP/ACS) versus 64.5±28.1% (ACS; p=0.2626) and 75.6±34.1% (ACS) versus 74.1±24.2% (sham surgery; p=0.7353). Remnants of the ACS biomaterial were observed at both 4 and 8 weeks in sites implanted with PRP/ACS or ACS. Conclusions: The results suggest that the PRP preparation has a limited potential to promote local bone formation.

Background: Traditionally, the mean value from histometric assessments of several histologic sections from the same site has been, used for the histometric characterization of the site. The histometric analysis of the supraalveolar periodontal defect model uses observations from buccal and lingual sites in three stepserial sections representing the central aspect of the mesial and distal root for the third and fourth mandibular premolar teeth. The objectives of this study were to investigate the correlations and determine whether there are significant differences in the measurement values of various histometric parameters between the three step-serial sections and to test the hypothesis that, in this animal model, histometric assessments using the most central section of each root are comparable to the mathematical means of corresponding assessments of the site using the three step-serial sections. Methods: Histometric analysis using light microscopy, an attached digital camera system, and a personal computer-based image analysis system including a custom program for the supraalveolar periodontal defect model was performed on histologic sections acquired from one jaw quadrant in each of 12 dogs. The animals had received a protocol including placement of a coral biomaterial and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes, and were evaluated following a 4-week healing interval. Twelve parameters were assessed using three central step-serial sections from each root. For each parameter, pair-wise comparisons were performed using the mixed models analysis of variance, and the correlations between measurements were assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: For all parameters assessed, there were no significant differences (P >0.05) among the three sections. The differences between the central section and the means of the three step-serial sections were small and not statistically significant. Parameters that could be assessed on most or all specimens, such as defect height and area, membrane height, and bone regeneration area, showed high correlations among the three step-serial sections (intraclass coefficient [ICC] ∼ 0.91 to 0.98), and between each of the three sections and the mean for the three step-serial sections (ICC ≥0.95). The most central section had somewhat higher correlation with the mean than measurements made on the lateral sections. Conclusion: The results suggest that using the supraalveolar periodontal defect model representative histometric data can be obtained evaluating only the central section from each defect site. J Periodontol 2004;75:1688-1693.

There is a limited understanding of the effect of bone biomaterials on the healing potential when used in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a space-providing coral-derived biomaterial on alveolar bone regeneration in conjunction with GTR.Bilateral, critical-size, 6-mm, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were created in four young adult Beagle dogs. In a split-mouth design, the animals received an ePTFE device to provide for GTR in contralateral defect sites with or without the coral biomaterial. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks post surgery. A histometric analysis assessed vertical regeneration of alveolar bone relative to space-provision by the ePTFE device. Because of the correlation of within-dog measurements, a mixed model ANOVA was used to analyze the data.There was significantly greater mean bone regeneration in sites receiving calcium carbonate coral implant GTR (cGTR) compared to GTR (p0.0001). Sites providing larger wound areas exhibited greater bone regeneration compared to sites exhibiting smaller wound areas (p0.0001). However, grouping the sites by wound area thresholds showed that bone regeneration was not significantly different in sites receiving cGTR compared to sites receiving GTR alone, irrespective of the size of the wound area (p0.5).Space-provision has a significant effect on bone regeneration following GTR. The coral biomaterial effectively enhances space-provision, and this appears to be the principal mechanism by which this biomaterial supports bone regeneration rather than postulated osteoconductive properties.

Background: Histometric assessments are routinely used to evaluate biologic events ascertained in histologic sections acquired from animal and human studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric assessments in the supraalveolar periodontal defect model. Methods: Histometric analysis using incandescent and polarized light microscopy, an attached digital camera system, and a PC-based image analysis system including a custom program for the supraalveolar periodontal defect model was performed on histologic sections acquired from one jaw quadrant in each of 12 dogs. The animals had received an experimental protocol including implantation of a coral biomaterial and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) barrier devices, and were evaluated following a 4-week healing interval. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated within a 3-month interval by two examiners following brief training. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Most parameters showed high intra-examiner ICCs. Parameters including defect height, connective tissue repair, bone regeneration (height/area), formation of a junctional epithelium, positioning of the GTR device, ankylosis, root resorption, and defect area yielded an ICC0.9. The ICCs for bone density and biomaterial density were somewhat lower (0.8 and 0.7, respectively). The inter-examiner reproducibility was somewhat lower compared to the intra-examiner reproducibility. Nevertheless, the ICCs were generally high (ICC range: 0.6–0.9). Conclusions: Histometric evaluations in the supraalveolar periodontal defect model yield highly reproducible results, in particular when a single examiner performs the histometric measurements, even when the examiner was exposed to limited training.

Bone tissue healing is a dynamic, orchestrated process that relies on multiple growth factors and cell types. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is released from platelets at wound sites and induces cellular migration and proliferation necessary for bone regeneration in the early healing process. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), the most potent osteogenic differentiation inducer, directs new bone formation at the sites of bone defects. This study evaluated a combinatorial treatment protocol of PDGF-BB and BMP-2 on bone healing in a critical-sized defect model. To mimic the bone tissue healing process, a dual delivery approach was designed to deliver the rhPDGF-BB protein transiently during the early healing phase, whereas BMP-2 was supplied by rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transfected with an adenoviral vector containing the BMP2 gene (AdBMP2) for prolonged release throughout the healing process. In in vitro experiments, the dual delivery of rhPDGF-BB and BMP2 significantly enhanced cell proliferation. However, the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was significantly suppressed even though the amount of BMP-2 secreted by the AdBMP2-transfected BMSCs was not significantly affected by the rhPDGF-BB treatment. In addition, dual delivery inhibited the mRNA expression of BMP receptor type II and Noggin in BMSCs. In in vivo experiments, critical-sized calvarial defects in rats showed enhanced bone regeneration by dual delivery of autologous AdBMP2-transfected BMSCs and rhPDGF-BB in both the amount of new bone formed and the bone mineral density. These enhancements in bone regeneration were greater than those observed in the group treated with AdBMP2-transfected BMSCs alone. In conclusion, the dual delivery of rhPDGF-BB and AdBMP2-transfected BMSCs improved the quality of the regenerated bone, possibly due to the modulation of PDGF-BB on BMP-2-induced osteogenesis.

This study evaluates the potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene-transduced bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to facilitate osseous healing after rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation in conjunction with implant placement.Autologous BMSCs derived from New Zealand white rabbits were cultured and transduced with BMP-2 using an adenovirus vector. Transduced BMSCs (BMP-2/BMSCs) were then combined with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) scaffold. Twenty-seven animals were randomly allocated into three groups: 1) control, sinus grafted with DBBM alone; 2) BMSC, sinus grafted with non-transduced BMSCs and DBBM; and 3) BMP-2/BMSC, sinus grafted with BMP-2/BMSCs and DBBM. During these procedures, a mini-implant was placed in the floor of the sinus. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. New bone area and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were evaluated histomorphometrically.At 2 and 4 weeks, the BMP-2/BMSC group showed more new bone area and higher BIC than the other two groups. BMP-2/BMSCs were detected with confocal microscopy for up to 4 weeks, which indicates that transduced cells contributed to new bone formation. However, at 8 weeks, there was no difference in new bone area or BIC among the three groups.These results suggest that BMP-2 delivery using BMSCs may result in earlier and increased bone formation in the maxillary sinus. This finding may offer more stable bone support to implants and reduce healing times. However, this study also revealed limitations in the stimulatory effect of BMP-2/BMSCs, such as diminished activity over time in later healing stages.

The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term (24 weeks) alveolar bone maturation following surgical application of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in an injectable poly-lactide-co-glycolide-acid (PLGA) composite carrier using an established periodontal defect model.Routine, bilateral, 4 × 5 mm (width × depth), 1-wall, critical-size, intra-bony periodontal defects were surgically created at the 2nd and 4th mandibular premolar teeth in 10 Beagle dogs. The animals were randomized to receive (split-mouth design; defect sites in the same jaw quadrant getting the same treatment) rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose (188 μg/defect) versus sham-surgery control (5 animals), and rhGDF-5/PLGA low dose (37 μg/defect) versus carrier control (5 animals). The animals were euthanized for histometric analysis following a 24-week healing interval.Clinical healing was uneventful. The rhGDF-5 high dose significantly increased bone formation compared with controls in terms of bone area (p0.05), and a high degree of bone maturation was observed in the rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose group. Root resorption/ankylosis or other aberrant healing events were not observed.The rhGDF-5/PLGA appears to support alveolar bone healing/regeneration and the rhGDF-5/PLGA high dose uniquely increased maturation of the regenerated bone.

The ridge-preservation technique has been applied with membrane alone or membrane plus graft. Synthetic peptides, mimicking bioactive growth factor or extracellular matrix protein, have been attempted to provide an active surface of the biomaterials in inducing bone formation while alleviating the limitations of whole protein such as short half-life, immunologic responses. The aim of the present clinical study is to examine the osteogenic effect of synthetic oligopeptide-coated bone mineral compared to bone graft without peptide when applied with collagen membrane in a ridge-preservation technique.Synthetic oligopeptide from the collagen-binding domain of osteopontin was chemically synthesized and coated onto the surface of bone mineral particulates. Ridge preservations were performed at 44 extraction sites in 42 patients (20 males and 22 females). Analyses of clinical parameters and histomorphometric evaluations were conducted to compare the osteogenic effects of the grafts between baseline and 6 months.In the bone grafts of the control group treated without synthetic peptide, new bone formation was only seen around borders and basal areas. However, new bone was observed broadly in the defects of the test group treated with synthetic peptide-coated bone mineral, as seen not only at peripheries but also in the central and coronal parts of bone cores in the defects. The average percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in the test group (5.3% ± 8.3% versus 10.4% ± 4.6%). The contact percentages between the graft particles and the new bone were 8.2% ± 11.3% for the control group and 20.4% ± 7.5% for the test group (P0.05).The ridge-preservation approach using synthetic oligopeptide-coated bone mineral with collagen membrane effectively prevented the resorption of hard tissue with higher bone-to-graft contact, and the oligopeptide-coated bone may be a choice for ridge-preservation procedures while assuring new bone formation.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow SCs (BMSCs) on alveolar bone regeneration in a canine peri-implant defect model.Four adult, male beagle dogs were used in this study. Autologous BMSCs from the iliac crests and PDLSCs from extracted teeth were cultured. Three months after extraction, BMSC- and PDLSC-loaded hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) (test groups) and cell-free HA/TCP (control group) were implanted in three rectangular, saddle-like peri-implant defects, respectively. The left side of the mandible was initially prepared, and after 8 weeks, the right side was also prepared. The animals were sacrificed after an 8-week healing period. Undecalcified ground sections were prepared. New bone formation and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were measured histomorphometrically. BMSCs and PDLSCs were fluorescently labeled and traced.Alveolar bone regeneration in surgically created peri-implant saddle-like defects was more effective in test groups than the control group. The BMSC group had the highest new bone formation (34.99% and 40.17% at healing times of 8 and 16 weeks, respectively) followed by the PDLSC group (31.90% and 36.51%) and control group (23.13% and 28.36%), respectively. Test groups exhibited a significantly higher new bone formation than the control group at 8 weeks, but the same was true for only the BMSC group at 16 weeks (P0.05). Fluorescently labeled cells were identified adjacent to HA/TCP carriers and, partly, near connective tissues and osteoids.This study demonstrated the feasibility of using stem cell-mediated bone regeneration to treat peri-implant defects.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) harbors growth factors identified in bone. It has been suggested that these factors enhance osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to conduct a radiographic evaluation on local bone formation following surgical implantation of a PRP preparation using a critical-size rat calvaria defect model.Thirty 22-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The PRP preparation was obtained from 10 ml of whole blood drawn from one age-matched donor rat. The preparation was processed by gradient density centrifugation and stored at -80 degrees C until use. Using aseptic techniques, the PRP preparation soak-loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier or ACS alone was surgically implanted into contralateral critical-size 6 mm rat calvaria osteotomies in 18 animals. Twelve animals received ACS alone versus sham surgery in contralateral defects. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected and radiographs were obtained using a standardized protocol. Three masked examiners independently evaluated the radiographic images of the defect sites. Examiner reproducibility was examined by repeat evaluation of all defect sites (r=0.6; P0.0001).The animals were maintained without adverse events. Defect sites in two animals receiving ACS versus sham surgery (4-week healing interval) were not evaluated due to specimen damage. Seventy-five percent of the sites (PRP/ACS or ACS) exhibited partial closure at 4 weeks; one site (ACS) exhibited full closure without significant differences between protocols (P=0.1797). Fifty percent of the sites receiving PRP/ACS exhibited full closure and 20% partial closure at 8 weeks versus 20% and 80%, respectively, for the ACS control (P=0.7532). There were no noteworthy differences between sites receiving ACS versus sham surgery at 4 or 8 weeks.The results suggest that the PRP preparation does not have a significant effect on osteogenesis.

Background: Previous studies suggest that a bioresorbable calcium carbonate coral implant (CI) supports space provision and bone formation for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). However, it could not be discerned whether observed effects were because of GTR or whether the CI possessed osteoconductive properties enhancing bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation associated with the CI biomaterial in the presence and absence of provisions for GTR. Methods: Routine, critical size, 6 mm, supra-alveolar periodontal defects were created in 12 young adult Beagle dogs. Five animals received the CI alone (Biocoral® 1000). Seven animals received the CI/GTR combination using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier (GORE-TEX® Regenerative Material). The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery and tissue blocks of the experimental sites were collected and processed for histometric analysis. Results: Clinical healing was uneventful. The histopathologic and histometric analysis revealed significantly increased bone formation (height and area) in sites receiving the CI/GTR combination compared with CI alone (2.3 ′ 0.6 versus 1.2 ′ 0.9 mm; and 3.1 ′ 0.8 versus 1.2 ′ 1.1 mm 2 ; p

Objectives: There is a limited understanding of the effect of defect characteristics on alveolar bone healing. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of alveolar bone width and space provision on bone regeneration at teeth and titanium implants, and to test the hypothesis that the regenerative potentials at teeth and implants are not significantly different. Methods: Critical size, 5–6-mm, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically created in 10 young adult dogs. Similarly, critical size, 5-mm, supra-alveolar, peri-implant defects were created in four dogs. A space-providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene device was implanted for guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery. Histometric analysis assessed alveolar bone regeneration (height) relative to space provision by the device and the width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect. Statistical analysis used the linear mixed models. Results: A significant correlation was found between bone width and wound area (r=0.55892, p

Objectives: Design criteria for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) devices include biocompatibility, cell occlusion, space-provision, tissue integration, and ease of use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cell occlusion and space-provision on alveolar bone regeneration in conjunction with GTR. Methods: Routine, critical-size, 6 mm, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were created in 6 young adult Beagle dogs. Space-providing ePTFE devices, with or without 300-μm laser-drilled pores were implanted to provide for GTR. Treatments were alternated between left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals. The gingival flaps were advanced for primary intention healing. The animals were euthanized at week 8 post surgery. The histometric analysis assessed regeneration of alveolar bone relative to space-provision by the ePTFE device. Results: A significant relationship was observed between bone regeneration and space-provision for defect sites receiving the occlusive (β=0.194; p

Purpose To prolong the degradation time of collagen membranes, various cross-linking techniques have been developed. For cross-linking, chemicals such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are added to collagen membranes, but these chemicals could adversely affect surrounding tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of porous non-chemical cross-linking porcine-derived collagen nanofibrous membrane to enhance bone and associated tissue regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. Methods The second and third mandibular premolars and the first molars of 2 adult beagles were extracted bilaterally and the extraction sites were allowed to heal for 10 weeks. One-wall intrabony defects were prepared bilaterally on the mesial and distal side of the fourth mandibular premolars. Among eight defects, four defects were not covered with membrane as controls and the other four defects were covered with membrane as the experimental group. The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after surgery. Results Wound healing was generally uneventful. For all parameters evaluating bone regeneration, the experimental group showed significantly superior results compared to the control. In new bone height (NBh), the experimental group exhibited a greater mean value than the control (3.04 ± 0.23 mm/1.57 ± 0.59, P = 0.003). Also, in new bone area (NBa) and new bone volume (NBv), the experimental group showed superior results compared to the control (NBa, 34.48 ± 10.21% vs. 5.09 ± 5.76%, P = 0.014; and NBv, 28.04 ± 12.96 vs. 1.55 ± 0.57, P = 0.041). On the other hand, for parameters evaluating periodontal tissue regeneration, including junctional epithelium migration and new cementum height, there were no statistically significant differences between two groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, this collagen membrane enhanced bone regeneration at one-wall intrabony defects. On the other hand, no influence of this membrane on periodontal tissue regeneration could be ascertained in this study.