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1. Relationship Among Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Blood Pressure in Portuguese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Mendes E, Farinatti P, Andaki A, Santos APD, Cordeiro J, Vale S, Pizarro A, Santos MP, and Mota J

Subjects
Humans, Child, Portugal epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Hypertension epidemiology, Waist-Height Ratio, Prevalence, Sedentary Behavior, Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Exercise
Abstract

This study examined the associations between age, adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and elevated blood pressure (BP) in 2901 Portuguese children and adolescents aged 2-18. BP, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), physical activity, and sedentary behavior were measured. Elevated BP was defined as a BP above the 90th percentile for age, sex, and height. Multivariable analyses assessed the prevalence ratios (PR) of elevated BP across age groups, BMI, WHtR, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Results showed that older age, especially among middle schoolers, was associated with a 1.8 times higher risk of elevated BP than preschoolers. Participants with a higher BMI (overweight/obese) and a WHtR ≥ 0.50 had a 1.49- and 1.4-times higher risk of elevated BP, respectively. Those who did not meet the recommended 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day showed a 1.63 times higher risk of elevated BP, whereas the association between sedentary behavior and BP was not significant after adjustment. These findings highlight age, higher BMI, central obesity, and insufficient physical activity as key factors associated with elevated BP, underscoring the need for early monitoring and intervention to prevent hypertension in this population.

Published
2024
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2. Relationship of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation with Cardiovascular Parameters in Adults, According to Body Mass Index and Physical Activity.

Author

Tebar WR, Ritti-Dias RM, Mota J, Saraiva BTC, Damato TM, Delfino LD, Farah BQ, Vanderlei LCM, and Christofaro DGD

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Overweight diagnosis, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, Sedentary Behavior, Young Adult, Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Exercise, Heart innervation, Heart Rate, Overweight physiopathology
Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and resting heart rate) in a sample of 256 adults, grouped by body mass index and sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (≥150 min/week). The sample showed different cardiovascular parameters and CAM according to body mass index, but not according to physical activity. Adults who are overweight and physically active presented higher relationship between CAM and blood pressure than those who are insufficiently active, similarly to normal weight groups. Recommended levels of physical activity may play an important role in the relationship of HRV with cardiovascular parameters in overweight adults, regardless of sex, age, socioeconomic level, and central fat. Trial registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03986879). Graphical abstract., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2021
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3. Metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents: the role of obesity as a mediator.

Author

González-Gálvez N, Ribeiro J, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Biomarkers analysis, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome pathology, Portugal epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Obesity physiopathology, Overweight physiopathology, Waist Circumference
Abstract

Objectives: To analyse the prevalence and association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), clustered cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), obesity (body mass index [BMI], fat mass [FM] and waist circumference [WC]), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); and to assess whether obesity (BMI, FM, and WC) acts as a mediator between CRF and MetS or CCMR., Methods: This cross-sectional study included a subsample of the AFINA-te Study (n = 209; 11.51 ± 0.72 years old). BMI, FM, and WC were assessed. The Course-Navette test was used to assess CRF. MetS was calculated following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions, and assessed using WC, triglycerides (TGs), high density lipoprotein (HD), fasting glucose (FG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP). CCMR was calculated based on the sex and age-specific z score., Results: The prevalence of overweightness, obesity, MetS, and CCMR were 17.22, 1.44, 5.74, and 18.36%, respectively. After including BMI, FM, or WC into the model, the association between CRF and MetS was no longer significant, and the association between CRF and CCMR was only significant when it was mediated by BMI (β = -0.006; p = 0.026). The rest of the analysis of the mediation did not show a direct effect, although a significant indirect effect with a significant value for the Sobel test was observed (all p < 0.001)., Conclusions: BMI, FM, and WC act as full mediators in the association between CRF and MetS; FM and WC act as full mediators in the association between CRF and CCMR; and BMI acts as a partial mediator. The use of FM or WC as obesity variables is recommended., (© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Published
2021
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4. Bidirectional associations between fitness and fatness in youth: A longitudinal study.

Author

Perez-Bey A, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Martinez-Gomez D, Mota J, Veiga OL, Lavie CJ, and Castro-Piñero J

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Adipose Tissue physiology, Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness physiology, Physical Fitness physiology
Abstract

The aim was to examine the bidirectional association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fatness in a 2-year longitudinal study conducted in young people. A total of 1082 children (512 females) and 727 adolescents (342 females) with complete data at baseline and follow-up were included. CRF was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index and fat mass index (kg/m 2 ) were calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Bidirectionality was tested by including CRF and each fatness index as exposures and outcomes, alternatively, in different regression models. CRF was prospectively associated with fatness index levels (ß from -0.186 to -0.528; P < .001), remaining significant in children after adjusting for baseline fatness indices. Fatness indices were prospectively associated with CRF (ß from -0.207 to -0.479; P < .001), with no substantial changes observed in children and female adolescents when baseline CRF was considered. Changes in CRF were prospectively associated with several fatness indices, regardless of body fatness at baseline (ß from -0.062 to -0.220; P < .05). Body fatness changes were associated with future CRF levels, independently of baseline CRF, especially in children of both sexes and male adolescents (ß from -0.079 to -0.260; P < .05). Overall, a bidirectional association was observed between CRF and fatness in children and adolescents. The attainment of optimal CRF and fatness levels in early ages should be promoted since it could result in favorable future fatness and CRF levels, respectively, which are two key determinants of health status., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2020
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5. Associations between anthropometric indicators in early life and low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profile in adolescence.

Author

Oliveira-Santos J, Santos R, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Stratton G, and Mota J

Subjects
Adiposity, Adolescent, Age Factors, Biomarkers blood, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Inflammation blood, Inflammation diagnosis, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pediatric Obesity diagnosis, Pediatric Obesity physiopathology, Portugal epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Mass Index, Inflammation epidemiology, Inflammation Mediators blood, Insulin blood, Insulin Resistance, Lipids blood, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract

Background and Aims: The long-term relations between excessive adiposity in early childhood and unfavourable cardiometabolic profiles in later ages are not yet completely understood. We aimed to assess the associations between birth weight (BW) and BMI from 6 months to 6 years of age, with biomarkers indicative of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in adolescence., Methods and Results: Retrospective school-based study with 415 Portuguese adolescents (220 girls), mean age of 14.08 ± 1.6 years old. Anthropometric data from birth to 6 years old was extracted from individual child health book records. Actual weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Participants were classified at each time point as normal weight or overweight according to WHO reference values. Biomarkers were obtained from venous blood samples. Linear regressions were used to explore the associations between the biomarkers and early life anthropometric indicators. From 2 years onwards, BMI associated positively with the inflammatory score and HOMA-IR in adolescence. Children who were overweight/obese from 2 to 6 years of age presented significantly higher inflammatory score and HOMA-IR later in adolescence. TC/HDL ratio was also positively associated with BMI from the age of 5 years onwards. The associations between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes remained positive in adolescence, with overweight adolescents presenting a higher inflammatory score, HOMA-IR and TC/HDL than normal weight adolescents., Conclusion: A high BMI from an early age was consistently associated with worse inflammatory and lipid profiles and insulin resistance in adolescence. No associations were found between BW and the same studied outcomes., (Copyright © 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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6. Utility of anthropometric indicators to screen for clustered cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Author

de Quadros TMB, Gordia AP, Andaki ACR, Mendes EL, Mota J, and Silva LR

Subjects
Adolescent, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome etiology, Prognosis, Anthropometry, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Pediatric Obesity complications, Risk Assessment methods
Abstract

Background Anthropometric indicators are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), but there is no consensus as to which indicator is the most suitable to screen for clustered CMRF. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of five anthropometric indicators to screen for clustered CMRF in children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1139 schoolchildren aged 6-17 years from Northeastern Brazil. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and subscapular (SSF) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The following CMRF were evaluated: elevated total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high triglyceride concentration, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. The participants were categorized into no CMRF, 1 CMRF, 2 CMRF and ≥3 CMRF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the accuracy of the anthropometric indicators in predicting CMRF for age group and sex. Results Poor associations were observed between the anthropometric indicators and 1 CMRF (accuracy of 0.49-0.64). The indicators showed moderate associations with 2 CMRF (accuracy of 0.57-0.75) and ≥3 CMRF (accuracy of 0.59-0.79). In general, TSF exhibited the worst performance in predicting CMRF, followed by WHtR. The highest accuracies were observed for BMI, WC and SSF, with no significant difference between these indicators. Conclusions The routine use of BMI, WC and SSF as epidemiological screening tools for clustered CMRF in childhood and adolescence should be encouraged.

Published
2019
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7. Relationship Among Changes in Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in Young Schoolchildren: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

Author

Santos A, Silva-Santos S, Duncan M, Lagoa MJ, Vale S, and Mota J

Subjects
Accelerometry, Child, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Portugal, Body Mass Index, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior
Abstract

Purposes: To examine the association between sedentary time (ST) and light physical activity (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and body mass index (BMI), and to track these behaviors over a 3-year follow-up in young schoolchildren., Methods: The final sample was 64 children (female: n = 36 or 56.3%), enrolled in schools in Porto, Portugal. Height and mass of children were measured by standard methods, and BMI was then calculated. ST, LPA, and MVPA were measured by accelerometer. Changes (Δ) and relative changes (Δ%) between 2009/2010 and 2012/2013 of ST, LPA, MVPA, and BMI were computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were fit to predict Δ%ST (outcome variable), by Δ%LPA, Δ%MVPA, and Δ%BMI (exposure variables)., Results: ST increased and LPA decreased significantly for whole sample (both Ps < .05). No statistically significant difference was found for MVPA over time. There were no differences for ΔST, ΔLPA, ΔMVPA, and ΔBMI between boys and girls. The Δ%LPA and Δ%MVPA were negatively associated with Δ%ST, whereas Δ%BMI was positively associated. Tracking coefficients varied from moderate to strong., Conclusions: Time spent in ST increases due to displacement of time in LPA. This reinforces public health measures and suggests the need for interventions focusing on offsetting the decline ST and increasing MVPA during childhood.

Published
2018
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8. Utility of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio as screening tools for hyperglycemia in young people.

Author

Quadros TM, Gordia AP, Mota J, and Silva LR

Subjects
Adolescent, Blood Glucose analysis, Brazil epidemiology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Accuracy, Fasting blood, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Sensitivity and Specificity, Body Mass Index, Hyperglycemia diagnosis, Mass Screening standards, Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio
Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of BMI, WC and WHtR to discriminate hyperglycemia in young people, and to determine whether there is an increase in the accuracy with the addition of WC and/or WHtR to BMI., Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,139 schoolchildren aged 6 to 17 years from Northeastern Brazil. Body weight, height, WC and fasting glucose levels were measured, and the BMI and WHtR were calculated. The presence of hyperglycemia was defined as a fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/dL., Results: The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 6.6%. Strong correlations were observed between the anthropometric indicators studied (BMI vs. WC = 0.87; BMI vs. WHtR = 0.87; WC vs. WHtR = 0.90). Hyperglycemia was more likely to be present in young people with excess weight (PR = 1.70), high WC (PR = 1.85), and high WHtR (PR = 1.91). The accuracies to discriminate hyperglycemia were significant, but low, for the individual (BMI = 0.56; WC = 0.53; WHtR = 0.55) and combined indicators (BMI + WC = 0.55; BMI + WHtR = 0.55)., Conclusion: Our findings do not support the use of BMI, WC or WHtR as screening tools for hyperglycemia in children and adolescents.

Published
2016
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9. Walking, body mass index, and self-rated health in a representative sample of Spanish adults.

Author

Romo-Perez V, Souto D, and Mota J

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, Body Mass Index, Obesity epidemiology, Sedentary Behavior, Self Concept, Walking
Abstract

Obesity and physical inactivity (PI) are risk factors for chronic diseases and are associated with lifestyle and environmental factors. The study tested the association between PI, body mass index (BMI), and self-rated health in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population (N = 21,486). The sample included 41.5% men, with mean age 52.3 years (± 18.03), and age range 20-82 years. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 34.2%/12.7% in women and 52.1%/12.7% in men (p < 0.001 for obesity in both sexes). 53% of women and 57.5% of men met recommended levels of physical activity by walking (≥ 150 minutes/week). According to logistic regression analysis, individuals that walked less had higher risk of overweight or obesity. Data from the population-based surveillance study support suggestions that regular walking by adults is associated with positive self-rated health and better BMI profile. Obesity and low/very low self-rated health have low prevalence rates to meet the recommendations.

Published
2016
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10. Examining the utility of thresholds for aerobic fitness related to resting blood pressure and BMI in Portuguese children.

Author

Duncan MJ, Martins C, Silva G, Ribeiro JC, Oliveira J, Pizarro A, Mota J, and Aires L

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Portugal, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness
Abstract

Objectives: This study examined the utility of the Ruiz et al. cut-points when examining body mass index (BMI) and resting blood pressure in young people., Methods: Two hundred fifty-six children (154 girls and 102 boys) aged 7-16 years underwent assessment of BMI, physical maturation, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and cardiorespiratory fitness using breath by breath gas analysis during treadmill testing to exhaustion., Results: Results from a series of 2 (fit vs. unfit) × 2 (gender) ways analysis of covariance, controlling for maturation indicated higher SBP in the unfit group compared to the fit group (P = 0.001), higher DBP in the unfit group compared to the fit group (P = 0.04) and higher BMI (in unfit) than fit children (P = 0.0001). Males had significantly higher BMI than females (P = 0.04). Maturation as a covariate was significantly and positively associated with SBP (P = 0.003), DBP (P = 0.004), and BMI (P = 0.001)., Conclusions: This study suggests that the Ruiz et al. cut-points are valid in distinguishing between children with higher and lower BMI and resting BP values., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2015
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11. Influence of different behavioural factors and obesity status on systolic blood pressure among pre-school children.

Author

Mota J, Silva-Santos S, Barros M, Farias Júnior JC, and Vale S

Subjects
Body Weights and Measures, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sleep, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Health Behavior, Obesity epidemiology, Sedentary Behavior
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between sleeping time (SLT), time spent using screen (ST) and weight status with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) among pre-school children., Subjects and Methods: The sample comprised 628 pre-school children (50% female), aged 3-6 years-old. SLT and ST were reported by parents. BMI values were categorized according to IOTF. SBP cut points were based on SBP percentiles for age, sex and height. ST was dichotomized according to the following criteria: ≤1 hour vs >1 hour and SLT: ≤10.5 hours vs >10.5 hours. Participants were then categorized into one of four category profiles: Low ST/High SLT; High ST/Low SLT; Low ST/Low SLT and High ST/High SLT., Results: Children assigned to the High ST/Low SLT group were 2-times more likely to have high SBP values compared to those who were assigned to the Low ST/High SLT group (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.1). Furthermore, those who were assigned as overweight and obese were more likely to be classified as having elevated BP (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1-3.2 for overweight and OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.6-5.8 for obese, respectively)., Conclusion: The data showed that high ST exposure time and low SLT are associated with enhanced blood pressure in children at pre-school.

Published
2014
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12. Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents.

Author

Abreu S, Santos R, Moreira C, Santos PC, Mota J, and Moreira P

Subjects
Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Energy Intake, Fathers, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers, Obesity, Abdominal etiology, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Body Mass Index, Diet, Exercise, Pediatric Obesity etiology, Social Class, Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio
Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between obesity and food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status in adolescents., Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008. Cole's cut-off points were used to categorize BMI. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, as well as a waist-to-height ratio at or above 0·500. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ, and the food group consumption was categorized using sex-specific tertiles of each food group amount. Physical activity was assessed via a self-report questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed referring to parental education and employment status. Data were analysed separately for girls and boys and the associations among food consumption, physical activity, socio-economic status and BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting the results for potential confounders., Setting: Public schools in the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal., Subjects: Adolescents (n 1209) aged 15-18 years., Results: After adjustment, in boys, higher intake of ready-to-eat cereals was a negative predictor while vegetables were a positive predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Active boys had lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with inactive boys. Boys whose mother showed a low education level had higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with boys whose mother presented a high education level. Concerning girls, higher intake of sweets and pastries was a negative predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Girls in tertile 2 of milk intake had lower odds of abdominal obesity than those in tertile 1. Girls whose father had no relationship with employment displayed higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with girls whose father had high employment status., Conclusions: We have found that different measures of obesity have distinct associations with food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status.

Published
2014
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13. Inverted BMI rather than BMI is a better predictor of DEXA determined body fatness in children.

Author

Duncan MJ, Martins C, Silva G, Marques E, Mota J, and Aires L

Subjects
Adolescent, Body Weight, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Activity, Portugal, Self Report, White People, Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Body Composition, Body Mass Index
Abstract

This study compared body mass index (BMI) and inverted BMI (iBMI) as predictors of body fatness in 177 Portuguese children (149 girls and 96 boys) aged 7-16 years. Participants undertook measures of height and body mass from which BMI (kg/m(2)) and iBMI (cm(2)/kg) were determined. Maturation was determined via self-report and fat mass index (FMI, kg/m(2)) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant relationships were evident between BMI and iBMI and FMI (both P=0.0001). BMI was not normally distributed (P=0.0001) but iBMI was (P>0.05). Analysis of covariance identified that BMI and iBMI, controlling for maturation, were both significant predictors of FMI (both P=0.0001) but that iBMI predicted a slightly greater amount of the variance (adjusted R(2)=0.970) compared with BMI (adjusted R(2)=0.968). This study suggests that iBMI is a similar proxy for body fatness compared with BMI in children.

Published
2014
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14. Associations between body mass index, waist circumference and body shape index with resting blood pressure in Portuguese adolescents.

Author

Duncan MJ, Mota J, Vale S, Santos MP, and Ribeiro JC

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Portugal epidemiology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Anthropometry methods, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Waist Circumference
Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood and adolescence is associated with overweight and obesity. Recently a body shape index (ABSI) has been suggested as superior to body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC) as a measure of disease risk., Objective: To examine the association between ABSI, BMI, WC and BP in Portuguese adolescents and to consider the role of ABSI, BMI and WC when examining this issue in adolescents., Methods and Procedures: Height, body mass, WC and resting blood pressure were assessed in 445 Portuguese adolescents (252 girls and 193 boys) aged 10-17 years., Results: ABSI, BMI and WC were all significantly related to both SBP and DBP (all p = 0.001 or better). ABSI, BMI and WC were all significant predictors of SBP and DBP for the whole sample and when analysed in separate gender groups (p = 0.001 or better in all cases). However, in all cases ABSI was a better predictor of BP than BMI or WC., Conclusions: Although BMI and WC significantly predict resting BP in adolescents, the use of ABSI explained a greater amount of the variance in BP in this population. When examining the effect of weight status on BP, researchers should consider use of ABSI alongside BMI.

Published
2013
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15. Cardiovascular effects of 3 months of football training in overweight children examined by comprehensive echocardiography: a pilot study.

Author

Hansen PR, Andersen LJ, Rebelo AN, Brito J, Hornstrup T, Schmidt JF, Jackman SR, Mota J, Rêgo C, Oliveira J, Seabra A, and Krustrup P

Subjects
Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Child, Echocardiography methods, Female, Football, Heart Rate, Heart Ventricles pathology, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Humans, Male, Obesity complications, Obesity pathology, Obesity physiopathology, Physical Conditioning, Human methods, Pilot Projects, Tricuspid Valve, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Obesity therapy, Physical Conditioning, Human physiology, Soccer physiology
Abstract

We examined effects of a 3-month football training programme in overweight children using comprehensive echocardiography and peripheral arterial tonometry. Twenty preadolescent overweight children (17 boys, 3 girls aged 8-12 yrs; body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85(th) percentile) participated in a structured 3-month football training programme, consisting of 4 weekly 60-90 min sessions with mean heart rate (HR) > 80% of HRmax (football group, FG). A parallel control group (CG) included 11 children (7 boys, 4 girls) of equivalent age from an obesity clinic. After 3 months, systolic blood pressure was unchanged in FG, but had increased in CG (112 [s 6] vs. 122 [10] mmHg, P = 0.02). FG demonstrated increased left ventricular (LV) posterior wall diameter (0.60 [0.07] vs. 0.68 [0.10] cm, P < 0.001) and an improved right ventricular systolic function determined by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE, 2.01 [0.29] vs. 2.27 [0.28] cm, P = 0.003). Measures of LV systolic function showed only discrete alterations and two-dimensional (2D) global strain was not changed. After 3 months, global isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRTglobal) had increased in FG (64.0 [7.5] vs. 73.9 [9.4] ms, P < 0.001) while other examined LV diastolic function variables were not altered. No echocardiographic changes were observed in CG. Between-group differences in pre-post delta values were observed for systolic blood pressure, TAPSE, and IVRTglobal (P = 0.02-0.03). We conclude that short-term football training may have positive structural and functional effects on the cardiovascular system in overweight preadolescent children.

Published
2013
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16. Milk intake is inversely related to body mass index and body fat in girls.

Author

Abreu S, Santos R, Moreira C, Santos PC, Vale S, Soares-Miranda L, Mota J, and Moreira P

Subjects
Adolescent, Animals, Anthropometry, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products, Electric Impedance, Exercise, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Portugal, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adiposity, Body Mass Index, Diet, Milk
Abstract

Unlabelled: Dairy foods comprise a range of products with varying nutritional content. The intake of dairy products (DPs) has been shown to have beneficial effects on body weight and body fat. This study aimed to examine the independent association between DP intake, body mass index (BMI), and percentage body fat (%BF) in adolescents. A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted with 1,001 adolescents (418 boys), ages 15-18 years, from the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal. Anthropometric measurements were recorded (weight and height), and %BF was assessed using bioelectric impedance analysis. Adolescent food intake was measured using a self-administered, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed separately for girls and boys, and separate multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the association between total DP, milk, yogurt, and cheese intake, BMI, and %BF, adjusting for potential confounders. For boys and girls, respectively, total DP consumption was 2.6 ± 1.9 and 2.9 ± 2.5 servings/day (P = 0.004), while milk consumption was 1.7 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 1.7 servings/day (P = 0.001), yogurt consumption was 0.5 ± 0.6 and 0.4 ± 0.7 servings/day (P = 0.247), and cheese consumption was 0.4 ± 0.6 and 0.5 ± 0.8 servings/day (P = 0.081). After adjusting for age, birth weight, energy intake, protein, total fat, sugar, dietary fiber, total calcium intake, low-energy reporters, parental education, pubertal stage, and physical activity, only milk intake was negatively associated with BMI and %BF in girls (respectively, girls: β = -0.167, P = 0.013; boys: β = -0.019, P = 0.824 and girls: β = -0.143, P = 0.030; boys: β = -0.051, P = 0.548)., Conclusion: We found an inverse association between milk intake and both BMI and %BF only in girls.

Published
2012
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17. Comparisons between inverted body mass index and body mass index as proxies for body fatness and risk factors for metabolic risk and cardiorespiratory fitness in Portuguese adolescents.

Author

Duncan MJ, Mota J, Vale S, Santos MP, and Ribeiro JC

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Portugal epidemiology, Risk Factors, Adiposity, Anthropometry methods, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Physical Fitness
Abstract

Objectives: To compare inverted body mass index (iBMI, cm(2) /kg) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2) ) as predictors of body fatness, metabolic risk, and cardiovascular fitness in adolescents., Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 445 Portuguese adolescents (252 girls and 193 boys) aged 10-17 years. Height and body mass were assessed to determine iBMI and BMI, percent body fatness was determined from skinfold measures (tricep, subscapular) using the Slaughter et al. (1988: Hum Biol 60: 709-723) regression equation and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Capillary blood sampling was used to determine: Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high, and low density lipoprotein. These were combined with measures of systolic blood pressure and waist circumference as z-scores. Metabolic risk (MRS) was constructed by summing the z-scores., Results: iBMI and BMI were both significantly related to percent body fatness, CRF and MRS (all P = 0.005 or better). BMI was not normally distributed (P = 0.0001), whereas iBMI was (P > 0.05). Regression analysis identified that iBMI and BMI, both alongside for age, were significant predictors of percent body fatness, CRF and MRS (all P = 0.005 or better). Compared with BMI, iBMI was a similar predictor of CRF, MRS and body fatness., Conclusions: iBMI offers a biologically sound alternative to BMI to assess the effect of weight status on MRS and CRF in adolescents and allows appropriate use of parametrical statistical techniques without changing the conclusions drawn from such data., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2012
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18. Cardiorespiratory fitness, weight status and objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity in rural and urban Portuguese adolescents.

Author

Machado-Rodrigues AM, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Mota J, Padez C, Ronque E, Cumming SP, and Malina RM

Subjects
Adolescent, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Portugal epidemiology, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Risk Assessment, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Body Mass Index, Motor Activity, Physical Fitness, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Sedentary Behavior, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Relationships among weight status (body mass index [BMI]), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) were considered in a cross-sectional sample of Portuguese adolescents. The sample included 362 youth aged 13-16 years (165 males, 197 females) from urban and rural regions of the Portuguese midlands. CRF was assessed with the 20-m shuttle-run test. An uniaxial accelerometer was used to obtain five consecutive days of activity behaviours including time being sedentary. Pearson correlations and logistic regression analysis were used to examine relationships among variables. Rural adolescents were less active than their urban peers over the weekend. Both rural and urban youth with higher levels of CRF had a lower relative risk of being overweight/obese. The observations indicate important associations between weight status and CRF in both rural and urban Portuguese adolescents. In addition, place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of adolescents.

Published
2012
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19. Influence of activity patterns in fitness during youth.

Author

Aires L, Silva G, Martins C, Santos MP, Ribeiro JC, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Portugal, Schools, Sports physiology, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Body Mass Index, Exercise physiology, Physical Fitness physiology, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze longitudinal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and body mass index in a 4-year longitudinal study. 170 students (97 girls and 73 boys) aged at baseline from 11 to 17 years were followed. Students performed 20-m-SR; physical activity patterns and parents' education were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Body mass index was categorized according to established cut points. In a multilevel analysis using MLwIN, 2 level structures were defined: first for individuals and second for time observations. In a longitudinal 2 level analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness was -negatively associated with body mass index for girls and boys, respectively (p<0.05; R2=0.63; 0.62), especially with obesity category (p<0.01; R2=0.58; 0.60). In girls, independent associations were observed between CRF and PA categories regarding participation "almost every day" in organized (p<0.05; R2=0.50) and non-organized sports outside school (p<0.05; R2=0.52) and participation in sports competitions (p<0.05; R2=0.51). In boys, associations were found only with participation in sports competitions (p<0.05; R2=0.50). The results highlight the importance of youth participation in organized activities and competitive sports over time to achieve health-related fitness benefits., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Published
2012
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20. Reference curves for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for Azorean adolescents (Portugal).

Author

Santos R, Moreira C, Ruiz JR, Vale S, Soares-Miranda L, Moreira P, Lopes L, Marques AI, Oliveira-Tavares A, Santos PC, Abreu S, Coelho-Silva MJ, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Factors, Azores epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Schools, Sex Factors, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Obesity epidemiology, Waist Circumference
Abstract

Objective: There are no percentile curves for BMI, waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) available for Portuguese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to develop age- and sex-specific BMI, WC and WHtR percentile curves for a representative sample of adolescents living in the Portuguese islands of Azores, one of the poorest regions of Europe, and to compare them with those from other countries., Design: Cross-sectional school-based study. Weight, height and WC were objectively measured according to standard procedures. Smoothed percentile curves were estimated using Cole's LMS method., Setting: Azores, Portugal., Subjects: Proportionate stratified random sample of 1500 adolescents, aged 15-18 years., Results: Results showed some sex differences in the shape of the BMI curves: in girls, the upper percentile values tend to decrease by the age of 16 and 17 years; whereas in boys, the upper percentiles tend to be flat between 15 and 16 years and then increase until the age of 18 years. In both sexes, the upper percentile values of both WC and WHtR decreased slightly by the age of 16 years and then increased steeply. In both sexes, the Azorean values for the 50th and 90th WC percentiles were higher than those reported for adolescents from the majority of other countries., Conclusions: The reference curves presented herein provide baseline data for the long-term surveillance of Azorean adolescents, as well as for national and international comparisons.

Published
2012
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21. Relationship of objective measurement of physical activity during school hours and BMI in preschool children.

Author

Vale S, Santos R, Silva P, Soares-Miranda L, and Mota J

Subjects
Body Height physiology, Body Weight physiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity physiopathology, Overweight epidemiology, Overweight physiopathology, Portugal, Prevalence, Body Mass Index, Motor Activity physiology, Schools, Sedentary Behavior, Sex Characteristics
Abstract

The measurement of the physical activity (PA) since early ages is a key factor in lifestyle evaluation. The aims of this study were to describe objective levels of PA and to determine the association of body mass index status (BMI) with PA patterns in preschool children. Weight and height were measured in 59 healthy pre-school children. The children used the accelerometer for 4 consecutive days during school hours. The prevalence of OW+OB was 30.5%. The 82.31% of the time spent at kindergarten was allocated to sedentary tasks. The 5 years-old boys were significantly more engaged in TPA and MVPA and less in SB than girls. No statistically significant associations were found between OW/OB and PA patterns. Most of the time spent at school is related to SB, which is central to childhood obesity risk. Early interventions to increase PA in preschool children are needed.

Published
2011
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22. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and overweight in children from a Mediterranean country.

Author

Valente H, Teixeira V, Padrão P, Bessa M, Cordeiro T, Moreira A, Mitchell V, Lopes C, Mota J, and Moreira P

Subjects
Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity etiology, Obesity prevention & control, Odds Ratio, Overweight etiology, Overweight prevention & control, Portugal epidemiology, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Beverages statistics & numerical data, Body Mass Index, Dietary Sucrose administration & dosage, Overweight epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: To assess the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and overweight in children from a Mediterranean country., Design: The children's dietary intake was measured using a semi-quantitative FFQ completed by the parents. Overall, 2512 questionnaires were returned and 837 children were removed, leaving a final sample of 1675 children, aged between 5 and 10 years. Height and weight were measured according to international standards, and BMI was calculated. The definition of overweight and obesity was based on average centiles according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. To determine the magnitude of the association between SSB consumption and overweight, OR estimates, including CI, were computed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders., Setting: Elementary schools throughout the city of Porto, Portugal., Subjects: We invited 5867 children, randomly selected, and their parents to participate in the study. Of those schools that agreed to take part, 3391 parents signed and returned the fully filled out consent form., Results: The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 36.6 % for girls and 38.8 % for boys. With regard to SSB consumption (serving/d), no differences between with overweight and non-overweight children were found even after adjustment for confounders (1-2 servings/d: OR = 1.67, 95 % CI 0.76, 3.66, in girls; OR = 1.63, 95 % CI 0.76, 3.47, in boys; and >2 servings/d: OR = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.33, 1.22, in girls; OR = 0.64, 95 % CI 0.33, 1.52, in boys)., Conclusions: The intake of SSB was not associated with increased risk of overweight in Portuguese schoolchildren.

Published
2011
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23. The physical activity behaviors outside school and BMI in adolescents.

Author

Mota J, Ribeiro JC, Carvalho J, and Santos MP

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Transportation, Body Mass Index, Exercise, Health Behavior, Schools statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between active transport (AT), nonorganized out of school physical activity (NOPA) and organized out of school PA (OPA) with BMI in Portuguese adolescents., Methods: The sample comprised 1121 adolescents age 13 to 17 years-old, which were assigned to 1 of 4 PA groups according to the sum of participation in different physical activity behaviors outside of school [AT, OPA, and NOPA]., Results: In boys but not in girls, BMI was lower as the participation in more PA behaviors outside school increased. For those who only carry out 1 PA behavior, AT was the most common behavior (boys = 48.9%; girls = 55.1%). On the other hand, NOPA was the most common behavior for those engaged in 2 types of PA (girls = 51.6%; boys = 46%). For those that carried out all the PA behaviors outside school OPA was the most common choice in both girls (59.5%) and boys (54%). AT, NOPA and OPA are different sources of PA outside school that accrued in different ways to the increased level of PA., Conclusions: In boys but not in girls, BMI was lower as the participation in more PA behaviors outside school increased.

Published
2010
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24. Associations between sleep quality with cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI among adolescent girls.

Author

Mota J and Vale S

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Portugal epidemiology, Prevalence, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Obesity epidemiology, Physical Fitness, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Sleep
Abstract

The main goal of this study was to examine the association between sleeping quality with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and obesity status (BMI) This was a cross-sectional study of 1,726 adolescent girls, aged 10 to 18 years. CRF was predicted by maximal multistage 20 m shuttle-run test according to procedures described from FITNESSGRAM. Children's BMI was classified according to International Obesity Task Force and sleeping quality was assessed by questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Sleeping quality was significantly associated with CRF (Rho = 0.17; P < 0.05), but not with BMI. Girls who were classified as fit were more likely (OR: 2.25; P < 0.05) to report better sleep quality compared to their unfit peers. Poor sleep quality was associated with lower CRF although no associations have been shown with BMI.

Published
2010
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25. The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness, birth weight and parental BMI on adolescents' obesity status.

Author

Vale S, Santos R, Soares-Miranda L, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Child, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Obesity physiopathology, Overweight physiopathology, Parents, Prevalence, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Sex Factors, Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, Obesity genetics, Overweight genetics, Physical Fitness
Abstract

Background/objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to analyze differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), parents' body mass index (BMI) and birth weight (BW) between non-overweight (NOW) and overweight/obese (OV/OB) adolescents, and (2) to investigate the association of those variables with the risk of their biological offspring being OV/OB., Subjects/methods: This study comprised 788 adolescents (477 girls and 311 boys), aged between 12 and 18 years. CRF was predicted by maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test according to the procedures described in FITNESSGRAM. Children's BMI was classified according to the International Obesity Task Force. Adolescents' BW was assessed from each child's pediatric record at birth. Parents' OV/OB status was defined and classified according to the World Health Organization. Socioeconomic status was defined by parental education., Results: The prevalence OV/OB was 21.4 and 5.3%, respectively, and there were no gender differences. The OV/OB adolescents (girls and boys) had significantly (P

Published
2010
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26. Television viewing and changes in body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness over a two-year period in schoolchildren.

Author

Mota J, Ribeiro JC, Carvalho J, Santos MP, and Martins J

Subjects
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Child, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Television
Abstract

The aim of this study was twofold (1), to examine the prospective relationship of baseline TV viewing with BMI and CRF both at baseline and over a 2-year period, and (2) to examine the prospective relationship of baseline TV viewing and changes (Delta) on BMI and CRF over a 2-year period. Data were collected in a sample of 135 (64 girls) rural children ages 7 yr-old from elementary schools in Fundão, Portugal. Obesity status was obtained by the age-sex specific BMI cut points and CRF by a 9 min run test. TV viewing was also analyzed and children were assigned as one of two groups: the low TV watching (LTV), and high TV watching (HTV), users based upon them reported to spend less or more than 2 h/day watching TV, respectively. Logistic regression showed that those who were assigned to HTV group were 2.4 times (OR= 2.48; p = .04) more likely to be classified as unfit at time 1. Further the data showed that the LTV were more likely (OR= 0.36; p = .02) to be classified in high DeltaCRF change over time. The findings of this study suggest that there was a significant inverse association between times spent watching TV and CRF but not BMI over a 2-yr period.

Published
2010
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27. Sitting time and body mass index, in a Portuguese sample of men: results from the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study (APAHS).

Author

Santos R, Soares-Miranda L, Vale S, Moreira C, Marques AI, and Mota J

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Portugal, Body Mass Index, Exercise, Health Status, Posture
Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the relation between body mass index (BMI) and sitting time in a sample of 4,091 Azorean men. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Total physical activity (PA) time and total sitting time were assessed with the IPAQ (short version). Linear Regression analysis showed that total sitting time (hours/day) was positively associated with BMI (B = 0.078; p < 0.001) after adjustments for age, meal frequency, alcohol and tobacco consumptions, island of residence, education level and total PA time. Although the cross sectional design precludes us from establishing causality, our findings emphasize the importance of reducing sedentary behavior to decrease the risk of obesity.

Published
2010
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28. A 3-year longitudinal analysis of changes in Body Mass Index.

Author

Aires L, Mendonça D, Silva G, Gaya AR, Santos MP, Ribeiro JC, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Computers, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Television, Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, Motor Activity physiology, Obesity epidemiology, Physical Fitness physiology
Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse whether Physical Activity Index (PAI), Physical Fitness, Screen Time (watching TV and computer use), Socio-economic Status and Commuting to School made a significant contribution to longitudinal changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) in youth. This longitudinal study was carried out over a period of 3 years with 345 students (147 boys) who were between 11 and 16 years old at the beginning of the study. Students were invited to perform tests from FITNESSGRAM Battery for Curl-Ups, Push-Ups, Back-Saver Sit and Reach, and 20 m Shuttle-Run (CRF). Fitness tests were categorized in "Healthy Zone" (HZ) and "Under Healthy Zone" (UHZ), PAI in "less active" and "active"; Socio-economic Status, in low, middle and high education level, and Commuting in active and passive. BMI was corrected for age and gender meaning that we subtracted the age-and-sex-specific cut points for overweight. Corrected body mass index was used as dependent variable in a Linear Mixed Model. The main result was the strong positive and independent association of individuals with CRF performances UHZ with corrected body mass index. In conclusion, the results of this longitudinal study showed markedly an important relationship of lower fitness levels with the risk of being overweight/obese, in particular CRF and abdominal strength.

Published
2010
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29. Intensity of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index in youth.

Author

Aires L, Silva P, Silva G, Santos MP, Ribeiro JC, and Mota J

Subjects
Acceleration, Adolescent, Body Composition, Child, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Overweight epidemiology, Portugal epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sedentary Behavior, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Motor Activity, Obesity epidemiology, Physical Fitness, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between body mass index (BMI), Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), and levels of physical activity (PA) from sedentary to very vigorous intensities, measured by accelerometry, in students from a middle and high school., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 111 children and adolescents, age 11 to 18 years. PA was assessed with an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days (1 minute epoch) using specific cut-points. PA components were derived using special written software (MAHUffe). CRF was assessed by maximal multistage 20m shuttle run. T-test was used to test differences between BMI groups, Pearson's correlation, to analyze correlations between all variables and multinomial logistic regression, and to predict the value of BMI categories., Results: This paper provides evidence that BMI was inversely and significantly correlated with CRF. Only CRF was correlated with Vigorous and Very Vigorous PA levels and total amount of PA. Children with Overweight/Obesity were less likely to perform more laps than normal weight counterparts. The total amount or intensity level of PA did not show any influence on BMI level., Conclusions: Low CRF is strongly associated with obesity, which highlights the importance of increasing CRF for a protective effect even in youth. No associations were found for PA and BMI.

Published
2010
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30. A 3-year longitudinal analysis of changes in fitness, physical activity, fatness and screen time.

Author

Aires L, Andersen LB, Mendonça D, Martins C, Silva G, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Activity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Young Adult, Body Mass Index, Computers statistics & numerical data, Exercise, Physical Fitness, Television statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Aim: To analyse whether changes in physical activity index (PAI), screen time (ST: television, computer) and body mass index (BMI) made a contribution to longitudinal changes in fitness of children and adolescents. Additionally, we analysed the interaction between baseline fitness level and changes in fitness., Methods: This is a 3-year longitudinal study of 345 high school students aged 11-19 years. Students performed curl-ups, push-ups and 20-m shuttle run tests from Fitnessgram. PA and ST were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Standardized scores of fitness tests were summed. Changes over time were calculated as Delta(1) (2007 minus 2006), Delta(2) (2008 minus 2007) and Delta(3) (2008 minus 2006)., Results: Changes in PAI were positively and independently associated with changes in fitness in Delta(1), Delta(2) and Delta(3). Changes in BMI were negatively associated with changes in fitness in Delta(3). Participants highly fit at baseline were those who showed positive changes in PAI over Delta(3), decreased changes in ST and had the lowest increase in BMI over 3 years compared with those low-fit at baseline., Conclusions: Changes in BMI were associated with changes in fitness over 3 years. However, changes in PAI were the best predictor for changes in fitness in each year and over the 3 years of evaluation in youth.

Published
2010
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31. Active travel to school, BMI and participation in organised and non-organised physical activity among Portuguese adolescents.

Author

Santos MP, Oliveira J, Ribeiro JC, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Portugal, Sports, Surveys and Questionnaires, Body Mass Index, Exercise, Schools, Transportation methods
Abstract

Objectives: To assess the relationship between participation in organised (OPA) and non-organised physical activity (NOPA), commuting to school and BMI., Methods: Questionnaire assessing participation in OPA, NOPA, and travel behavior submitted in spring 2006 to 721 Portuguese secondary school students. Active travellers walked or biked (AT). Passive travellers drove or took the bus (PT). Height and weight were measured., Results: AT was related to NOPA among boys (odds ratio (OR)=1.8, p < or = 0.05) but not among girls. AT was unrelated to OPA. BMI was weakly associated with OPA (boys: OR=0.56, p < or = 0.05; girls: OR=0.54, p < or = 0.05) and not with NOPA., Conclusion: After-school organised and non-organised physical activities do not predict active travelling to school among Portuguese adolescents.

Published
2009
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32. Walking and body mass index in a Portuguese sample of adults: a multilevel analysis.

Author

Santos R, Pratt M, Ribeiro JC, Santos MP, Carvalho J, and Mota J

Subjects
Adult, Azores, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Risk Factors, Self Disclosure, Body Mass Index, Obesity prevention & control, Walking physiology
Abstract

Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between walking and body mass index (BMI). This study comprised 9991 adults (5723 women), aged 37.8+/-9.5 years, from the 2004 Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study. Walking was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and expressed as minutes per week. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. A series of multilevel linear regression models were fitted to assess regression coefficients and s.e. predicting BMI. Results show that, in both genders, and after adjustments for potential confounders, walking was not a significant predictor of BMI. Therefore, our analysis does not extend the findings of earlier studies as it shows no significant associations between walking and BMI, after adjustments for potential confounders. Nevertheless, among Azoreans walking should be encouraged, as walking has other health benefits, beyond controlling obesity.

Published
2009
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33. Association between time spent in sedentary, moderate to vigorous physical activity, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure.

Author

Gaya AR, Alves A, Aires L, Martins CL, Ribeiro JC, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Aging physiology, Anthropometry, Body Height, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Blood Pressure physiology, Body Mass Index, Exercise physiology, Physical Fitness physiology, Rest physiology
Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) has been reported in young people and seems to be associated with body mass index (BMI) and reduced physical activity (PA)., Aim: This study sought to analyse the association of BP with BMI, PA intensity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth., Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 66 boys (13.91+/-1.76) and 97 girls (14.02+/-1.71). Anthropometric characteristics, CRF and BP were assessed during school time and accelerometers were utilized to determine intensity of PA., Results: The linear regression model, adjusted for age, sex and height, showed that higher values of BMI were associated (p

Published
2009
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34. Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts later body mass index, but not other cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adolescence.

Author

Martins C, Santos R, Gaya A, Twisk J, Ribeiro J, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Portugal epidemiology, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Physical Fitness
Abstract

We analyzed the 5-year longitudinal relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in children. A total of 153 students (66 boys and 87 girls) were evaluated in 1998 and 2003. Multilevel modeling was used to determine the effect of CRF across time (Model 1, adjusted for time and Model 2-Model 1 with further adjustment for gender and age). In both models, a significant main effect was found for body mass index (BMI) (P

Published
2009
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35. Cardiorespiratory fitness status and body mass index change over time: a 2-year longitudinal study in elementary school children.

Author

Mota J, Ribeiro JC, Carvalho J, Santos MP, and Martins J

Subjects
Child, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity etiology, Odds Ratio, Portugal epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Rural Health, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Obesity physiopathology, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Students
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prospective relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) and performance in a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) field test with a change in BMI (DeltaBMI) over a 2-year period in a sample of rural children from elementary school in Fundão, Portugal., Methods: Obesity status was obtained by the age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points and CRF by a 9-minute run test., Results: BMI stratification at baseline showed that overweight/obese children were over 11 times (OR=11.31; p=0.007) more likely to be DeltaBMI gainers than their normal weight peers. Those who were classified as unfit were 3.9 times more likely to be DeltaBMI gainers than those classified as fit at baseline. Both BMI at time 1 and CRF change (DeltaCRF) were not significantly associated with DeltaBMI over time., Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that children who have higher BMI and lower CRF are likely to have greater BMI gain over time.

Published
2009
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36. Body fatness and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Portuguese children and adolescents.

Author

Ribeiro JC, Guerra S, Oliveira J, Andersen LB, Duarte JA, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Distribution, Anthropometry, Blood Pressure Determination, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Child, Cluster Analysis, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Obesity diagnosis, Odds Ratio, Portugal epidemiology, Probability, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Physical Fitness
Abstract

Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors that increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adult populations have also been observed in pediatric populations. Childhood and adolescence obesity has been strongly implicated in the clustering of risk factors. The aims of the present study were 1) to examine whether clustering of CVD risk factors, either biological risk factors (high blood pressure (HBP), percentage of high fat mass (%HBF), and high total cholesterol (HTC)) and one behavioral/lifestyle risk factor (low physical activity index (LPAI)) exist, and 2) to analyze the relationship between body fatness and the clustering of other risk factors. The cluster of CVD risk factors was determined in 1,533 (8-15 years of age) children, 731 males (age 10.8 +/- 2.3 years; weight, 40.6 +/- 12.7 kg; height, 143.1 +/- 14.1 cm; BMI, 19.4 +/- 3.4 kg(-2)) and 802 females (age, 11.0 +/- 2.4; weight, 41.0 +/- 12.4; height, 142.8 +/- 13.2; BMI, 19.7 +/- 3.5). Sex- and age-specific "high risk" quartiles were formed for each of the biological risk factors and the lifestyle factor. Thus, for blood pressure (high blood pressure, HBP), cholesterol (high cholesterol, HTC), and obesity (high percent of body fat, HBF), the sex- and age-adjusted 4th quartile (4Q) was defined as the "high risk" quartile, while for physical activity the 1st quartile (1Q) was defined as the "high risk" quartile. The majority of children (62% of boys and 62% of girls) at risk of obesity are at risk of another risk factor. In our sample, estimated ORs indicated that, compared with 1Q, the "risk of obesity" children and adolescents were two times as likely (P < 0.001) to have two or three risk factors. Our results suggest that children 8-15 years old in the highest quartile of body fatness are an increased risk of having a cluster of other risk factors, namely HBP, HTC, and LPAI. These data provide further evidence that juvenile obesity warrants early intervention because the patterns of unhealthy behavior are formed in adolescence and young adulthood., (Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2004
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37. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: relationship with blood pressure, and physical activity.

Author

Ribeiro J, Guerra S, Pinto A, Oliveira J, Duarte J, and Mota J

Subjects
Adolescent, Body Composition physiology, Body Constitution physiology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Blood Pressure physiology, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Exercise physiology, Obesity complications, Obesity physiopathology
Abstract

Objective: Using body mass index (BMI) quartiles, the present study's aims were (1) to describe and evaluate the relationship between overweight/obesity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and physical activity; (2) to provide information on the prevalence of high blood pressure and physical activity according to BMI quartiles; and (3) to examine the relationship of risk of obesity to adverse levels of high blood pressure and physical activity., Methods: The sample consisted of 1439 children (758 males and 681 females), 8-16 years old. Participants were classified as being at 'risk of obesity' according to age- and sex-adjusted fourth quartile of BMI values. Blood pressure was measured using the Dinamap monitor. An adapted version of the Weekly Activity Checklist was applied for the diagnosis of physical activity index (PAI)., Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly (p < 0.05) and positively related to BMI, whereas no significant associations were reported between BMI and PAI in both genders. Overall, the proportion of subjects with adverse levels of blood pressure (SBP or DBP) ranged from 21.3% in the first BMI quartile (BMI-1Q) to 30.4% in BMI-4Q (p < 0.05). The PAI ranged from 24.5% in BMI-1Q to 20.6 in BMI-4Q and no significant differences were found. Children and adolescents at 'risk of obesity' were 1.5 times as likely to have at least one risk factor (high blood pressure or low level of activity)., Conclusions: Our data suggest that higher BMI is associated with higher values of SBP and DBP. Children and adolescents in the upper quartile of BMI are 1.5 times as likely to have at least one risk factor. Furthermore our data confirmed previous findings that higher levels of BMI are associated with a unfavourable risk profile for CVD risk factors.

Published
2003
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38. Association of maturation, sex, and body fat in cardiorespiratory fitness.

Author

Mota J, Guerra S, Leandro C, Pinto A, Ribeiro JC, and Duarte JA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cardiovascular System, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Portugal, Probability, Regression Analysis, Respiratory System, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Skinfold Thickness, Body Composition physiology, Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness, Sexual Maturation physiology
Abstract

The aims of this cross-sectional study were 1) to estimate changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness across stages of pubertal maturation, and 2) to describe the relationship between maturity status and body fatness, regional fat distribution, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The sample consisted of 494 children (254 males, 240 females), 8-16 years of age. Height and weight were measured with standard anthropometric methods. Percentage of fat (%F) was estimated from two skinfold thicknesses and regional fat distribution was estimated by the ratio of the subscapular to the triceps skinfold (S/T ratio). Biological maturity was based on self-assessment of breast stages in females and pubic hair stages in males. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run was used to predict maximal aerobic capacity from maximal aerobic speed. Both VO(2)max and 20SRT-time were used as indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. ANCOVA with age as the covariate was used. There were significant differences among girls across pubertal stages. Among boys, only weight and height differed significantly by stage of maturity. When adjusted for maturity status, cardiorespiratory fitness expressed either as VO(2)/kg body mass or 20SRT-time was inversely associated with %F in both sexes. This suggests that sexual maturity status alone accounts for a small portion of the variance in aerobic fitness. Height, %F and the S/T ratio were also significantly associated with VO(2)/kg body mass and 20SRT-time., (Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2002
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39. Physical fitness in institutionalized older adults with dementia: association with cognition, functional capacity and quality of life.

Author

Sampaio, A., Marques-Aleixo, I., Seabra, A., Mota, J., Marques, E., and Carvalho, J.

Subjects
COGNITION, COGNITION disorders, DEMENTIA patients, POSTURAL balance, INSTITUTIONAL care, LEWY body dementia, LIFE skills, MOTOR ability, PARKINSON'S disease, PHYSICAL fitness, QUALITY of life, QUESTIONNAIRES, REGRESSION analysis, MULTIPLE regression analysis, VASCULAR dementia, BODY mass index, CAREGIVER attitudes, CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of physical fitness with cognitive function, functional capacity and quality of life among institutionalized older adults with dementia. One hundred and two older adults aged 78.0 ± 8.4 years, predominantly female (67.6%), with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) (49.2%), vascular dementia (14.7%), Parkinson's disease (2%), dementia with Lewy bodies (2%) or unspecified dementia (32.1%) participated in the present study. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between physical fitness components (Senior Fitness Test) and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), functional capacity (Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living) and Quality of Life (QoL)-Alzheimer's Disease scale. Univariate regression indicates that strength, flexibility, agility/dynamic balance and aerobic endurance are relevant for cognitive function, physical capacity and perceived QoL in institutionalized older people with dementia. After multiple regression analyses, adjusted for body mass index (BMI), results showed that aerobic endurance had a significant positive association with Total Katz Index. For both, caregiver perception of QoL-AD and global QoL-AD, BMI remained significantly and positively associated. Agility–dynamic balance presented a significant negative relation with global QoL-AD. Overall, our findings suggest that better physical fitness is important for cognition and autonomous functional capacity and that it has positive repercussions on the QoL in institutionalized older adults with dementia. Consequently, exercise-based therapeutic strategies aiming to improve physical fitness should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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40. TV in bedroom, outdoor playtime and obesity status among preschool girls.

Author

Mota, J., Martins, C., Silva-Santos, S., Santos, A., and Vale, S.

Subjects
*PHYSICAL activity, *REGRESSION analysis, *BODY mass index, *OBESITY, *PUBLIC health
Abstract

Time in which children is engaged in screen time such as TV viewing is a serious health problem and might reduce the use of the time for other potential activities such as play outside or being engaged in physical activity. In addition, it was suggested that children's screen time increases with age and patterns begin in preschool years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the association between obesity status and weight-related room environment (TV at room) and play outside in preschool girls. This study included 120 preschool girls (4–6 years old). Data were collected through parents' questionnaire about (yes/no) children have TV in bedroom and the perception of playing outside. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association between BMI and play outside with TV in the bedroom. Girls either classified as overweight (OR: 2.6; CI: 1.1–6.0; P ≤ 0.034) or obese (OR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–13.2; P ≤ 0.02) were more likely to have TV in room compared to their lean peers. Girls whose parents reported less outdoor play (

Published
2019
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41. Muscular fitness and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents: Results from LabMed Physical Activity Study.

Author

Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C. A., Moreira, C., Abreu, S., Lopes, L., Sardinha, L. B., Oliveira‐Santos, J., Oliveira, A., Mota, J., and Santos, R.

Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues, BIOMARKERS, C-peptide, C-reactive protein, CHOLESTEROL, FIBRINOGEN, HOMEOSTASIS, INFLAMMATION, METABOLISM, MUSCLE strength, PATIENT compliance, PHYSICAL fitness, PUBERTY, REGRESSION analysis, TRIGLYCERIDES, LEPTIN, CAUSAL models, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, BODY mass index, CROSS-sectional method, PHYSICAL activity, DATA analysis software, WAIST circumference, MEDITERRANEAN diet, CARDIOPULMONARY fitness
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between muscular fitness and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate the relationship between muscular fitness and selected clustered inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents (267 girls) aged 12-18 years. Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed MF. Continuous scores of clustered inflammatory biomarkers (sum of Z-scores of C-reactive protein [ CRP], C3, C4, fibrinogen, and leptin); metabolic risk factor ( MRF) score (sum of Z-scores of SBP, triglycerides, ratio total cholesterol [ TC]/ HDL, HOMA- IR, and waist circumference [ WC]) were computed. Regression analyses showed an inverse association between muscular fitness score (β=−.204; P<.021) and clustered score of inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF), MRF score, and body fat. Analysis of covariance showed that adolescents with an adverse inflammatory profile with low levels of muscular fitness exhibit the poorest MRF score ( F3,525=6.461; P<.001), adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, CRF, and body fatness. The inflammatory state seems to explain a significant part of the highest MRF score and in adolescents with high inflammatory status and low muscular strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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42. Effects of a 5-month football program on perceived psychological status and body composition of overweight boys.

Author

Seabra, A. C., Seabra, A. F., Brito, J., Krustrup, P., Hansen, P. R., Mota, J., Rebelo, A., Rêgo, C., and Malina, R. M.

Subjects
CHILDHOOD obesity, TREATMENT of childhood obesity, ACCELEROMETERS, ANALYSIS of variance, BODY composition, BODY image, CLINICAL trials, CONFIDENCE intervals, HEART beat, HEALTH outcome assessment, PROBABILITY theory, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, SELF-esteem testing, SELF-perception, SOCCER, T-test (Statistics), SAMPLE size (Statistics), EFFECT sizes (Statistics), BODY mass index, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, FOOD diaries, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

The effects of a 5-month intervention of football instruction and practice on the perceived psychological status and body composition of overweight boys were examined. Twelve boys (8-12 years; body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) participated in a structured 5-month football program, consisting of four weekly 60-90 min sessions with mean heart rate > 80% HRmax [football group ( FG)]. A control group ( CG) included eight boys of equivalent age from an obesity clinic located in the same area as the school. Both groups participated in two sessions of 45-90-min physical education per week at school. Indicators of perceived psychological status included body image, self-esteem, attraction to participation in physical activity, and perceived physical competence measured with standardized questionnaires. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. From baseline through 5 months, FG improved ( P < 0.05) in all indicators of psychological status (%Δ = +11.7 to +29.2%) compared with CG (%Δ = −32.1 to +0.5%). Changes in percentage body fat and lean body mass, however, did not differ between FG and CG. The findings suggest that a 5-month football intervention program was effective in improving the psychological status of overweight boys but did not significantly alter body composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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43. Physical activity guidelines and preschooler's obesity status.

Author

Vale, S, Trost, S, Ruiz, J J, Rêgo, C, Moreira, P, and Mota, J

Subjects
PREVENTION of childhood obesity, PHYSICAL activity, BODY mass index, DISEASES, PRESCHOOL children, ACCELEROMETERS
Abstract

Aim:The benefits of promoting physical activity (PA) in counteracting the high prevalence of childhood obesity have become increasingly important in the past decade. The aim of this study was to examine the association between compliance of daily PA recommendations and the risk of being overweight or obese in preschool-aged children.Methods:The sample comprised 607 children aged 4-6 years, recruited from kindergartens located in the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal. Preschooler's body mass index was classified according to International Obesity Task Force. PA was assessed during 7 consecutive days by accelerometer. Children were classified as meeting or not meeting PA recommendations based on two guidelines: (i) at least 3 h per day of total PA (TPA); and (ii) at least 1 h per day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA).Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.5 and 10.6% in girls and 17.2 and 8.9% in boys. In all, 90.2 and 97.3% of girls met the 1 h MVPA and 3 h TPA recommendations, respectively. In all, 96.2 and 99.4% boys met the 1 h MVPA and 3 h TPA recommendations, respectively. Boys were significantly more likely to achieve the 1 h MVPA and 3 h TPA recommendations than girls (P0.001). Not meeting the 1 h MVPA guideline was associated with obesity status (OR: 3.8; IC: 1.3-10.4), in girls, but not boys. No other statistically significant associations were found.Discussion:These findings suggest that over 90% of children met the recommended guidelines. There is an association with low levels of MVPA and higher obesity status among preschool girls. Further, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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44. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Azorean adolescents (Portugal).

Author

Santos, R., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Vale, S., Figueiredo, A., Ruiz, J. R., Martins, R., Moreira, C., Machado-Rodrigues, A., Soares-Miranda, L., Moreira, P., and Mota, J.

Subjects
ADOLESCENT obesity, DISEASE prevalence, METABOLIC disorders, OVERWEIGHT persons
Abstract

Objective: There are no data available on overweight and obesity prevalence among Portuguese adolescents living in the Azorean Islands. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample of Azorean adolescents. Design: This study was conducted using a representative sample of 2,124 Azorean adolescents ages 15 to 18 years. Weight and height were measured and participants were classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs. Results: Results showed a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 24.9% and 6.5% in girls, and 19.3% and 7.7% in boys, respectively (p = 0.008), according to the IOTF criteria, whereas the figures for the WHO criteria were 24.9% and 9.8% in girls, and 21.1% and 10.5% in boys, respectively (p = 0.123). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Azorean adolescents is higher than that reported for Portuguese youth living in mainland Portugal, and in some age groups, these figures are doubled. Conclusion: The fact that Azorean adolescents exhibit a higher rate of obesity than their peers living in the mainland was also observed in other European countries, and therefore, strategies to promote healthy weight in this population are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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45. High levels of C-reactive protein are associated with reduced vagal modulation and low physical activity in young adults.

Author

Soares‐Miranda, L., Negrao, C. E., Antunes‐Correa, L. M., Nobre, T. S., Silva, P., Santos, R., Vale, S., and Mota, J.

Subjects
ACCELEROMETERS, ANALYSIS of covariance, ANALYSIS of variance, BLOOD pressure, C-reactive protein, CHI-squared test, COMPARATIVE studies, STATISTICAL correlation, HEART beat, INFLAMMATION, PROBABILITY theory, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICS, DATA analysis, BODY mass index, FOOD diaries, PHYSICAL activity, DATA analysis software, WAIST circumference, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cardiac autonomic control derived from heart rate variability (HRV), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and physical activity (PA) levels measured using accelerometers. A total of 80 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study (20.56 ± 0.82 years, 1.36 ± 1.5 mg/L of hs-CRP). The participants were divided into groups based on tertiles of hs-CRP. Analysis of covariance adjusted to PA was used to assess group differences in HRV. Associations between hs-CRP, HRV indices and PA were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. The participants at the highest tertile of hs-CRP (tertile 3) had lower cardiac vagal modulation (SDNN, tertile 1=78.05 ± 5.9,tertile 2=82.43 ± 5.9,tertile 3=56.03 ± 6.1; SD1, tertile 1=61.27 ± 5.3, tertile 2=62.93 ± 5.4, tertile 3=40.03 ± 5.5). In addition, vagal indices were inversely correlated with hs-CRP but positively correlated with PA (SDNN r=−0.320, SD1 r=−0.377; SDNN r=0.304, SD1 r=0.299; P<0.05). Furthermore, the most physically active subjects had lower levels of hs-CRP and the highest levels of vagal modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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46. Association between overweight and early sexual maturation in Portuguese boys and girls.

Author

Ribeiro, J., Santos, P., Duarte, J., and Mota, J.

Subjects
MATURATION (Psychology), OVERWEIGHT children, STATURE, BODY weight, BODY mass index
Abstract

Copyright of Annals of Human Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2006
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47. Relationship between physical activity and obesity in children and adolescents

Author

Guerra, S., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Ribeiro, J. C., Ascensão, A., José Magalhães, Andersen, L. B., Duarte, J. A., and Mota, J.

Subjects
Male, Logistic Models, Adolescent, Portugal, Body Weight, Body Composition, Humans, Female, Obesity, Child, Exercise, Body Mass Index
Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA) and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents.The sample consisted of 1341 children and adolescents (8-15 years of age), 634 males (age, 10.6+/-2.3 y; body mass, 40.6+/-12.7 kg; height, 1.431+/-1.41 m) and 707 females (age, 10.9+/-2.4 y; body mass, 50+/-12.4 kg; height, 1.428+/-1.32 m). The sample was divided into quartiles of percentage of body fat (%BF) and physical activity index (PAI), within age and gender. Children in the upper %BF quartile were defined as obese (arbitrary definition). Logistic regression for each PAI quartile was used to determine the odds ratio of obese children and adolescents (or = P75 of %BF) in comparison to their non-obese counterparts (P75 of %BF).Males in the lowest PAI quartile have an odds ratio of 2.1 of having obesity in relation to males in the highest PAI quartile. For females any significant result was found between PAI quartiles.The results obtained in this study add some data to the controversy of PA and obesity relationship youth. Logistical regression shows that males who have a lower PAI have an odds ratio of 2.1 of obesity, in comparison with males that have higher PAI. Those findings were not found in girls.

48. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author

Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C, Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujiati, Isti I, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, 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Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, 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JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, 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Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed

Published
2020
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49. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author

Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. 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V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. 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[0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.

Published
2019
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50. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants

Author

Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Bentham, James, Stevens, Gretchen A., Zhou, Bin, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Bixby, Honor, Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Fortunato, Lea, Taddei, C., Bennett, James E., Ikeda, Nayu, Khang, Young-Ho, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mostafa, Aya, Turley, Maria L., Paciorek, Christopher J., Gunter, Marc, Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ali, Farhan, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, H. 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A., Soric, Maroje, Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, D., Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stratton, Gareth, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, C. A., Sundstroem, Johan, Sung, Y. T., Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A., Sy, Rody G., Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Taylor, Anne, Tchibindat, Felicite, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trinh, Oanh T. 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Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yardim, Nazan, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad F., Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Di Cesare, M., Bentham, J., Stevens, G.A., Zhou, B., Danaei, G., Lu, Y., Bixby, H., Cowan, M.J., Riley, L.M., Hajifathalian, K., Fortunato, L., Taddei, C., Bennett, J.E., Ikeda, N., Khang, Y.H., Kyobutungi, C., Laxmaiah, A., Li, Y., Lin, H.H., Miranda, J.J., Mostafa, A., Turley, M.L., 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Subjects
Male, Obesidad, CHILDREN, Salud, Review, países desarrollados, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Body mass index, population study, 0302 clinical medicine, Models, Factores de riesgo cardiovascular, Medicine, body mass index, underweight, overweight, obesity, Young adult, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, General Medicine, ASSOCIATION, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, adulto, predicción, adulto joven, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, thinness/epidemiology, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Developed country, teorema de Bayes, Medical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Thinness, Humans, education, Developing Countries, obesidad, VLAG, Science & Technology, Models, Statistical, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, QP, Obesity, adult body-mass, Indice de masa corporal (IMC), RISK-FACTORS, Adolescent, Adult, Developed Countries, Female, Forecasting, Obesity/epidemiology, Prevalence, Thinness/epidemiology, Young Adult, RA, Body mass index, Demography, Meta-Analysis, Gerontology, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Nutrition and Disease, humanos, adolescente, Overweight, países en desarrollo, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Non-U.S. Gov't, Medicine (all), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, prevalencia, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Statistical, Underweight, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, obesity/*epidemiology, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Research Support, Medicine, General & Internal, EPIDEMIC, General & Internal Medicine, Journal Article, Life Science, ddc:610, Obesidad morbida, OBESITY PREVENTION, OVERWEIGHT, business.industry, índice de masa corporal, COHORTS, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Ciencias socio biomédicas, business, delgadez
Abstract

Copyright © NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY., Background: Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods: We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (, Wellcome Trust, Grand Challenges Canada

Published
2016
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