1. Integration of organics in nutrient management for ricewheat system improves nitrogen use efficiency via favorable soil biological and electrochemical responses.
- Author
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Bhardwaj, Ajay Kumar, Malik, Kapil, Chejara, Sukirtee, Rajwar, Deepika, Narjary, Bhaskar, and Chandra, Priyanka
- Subjects
MUNG bean ,FARM manure ,GREEN manuring ,WHEAT ,BIOMINERALIZATION ,NITROGEN fertilizers - Abstract
Introduction: The contrasting soil management in flooded-transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) and dry-tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum) poses a challenge for improving low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the rice-wheat system. Integration of organics in nutrient management can bring in changes favoring efficient N uptake via changes in growing conditions and soil responses. Materials and methods: This study reported the results of a 15-year-long experiment on integrated nutrient management (INM) systems for rice-wheat cropping. The INM included substituting ~50% of chemical fertilizers via (i) including a legume crop (Vigna radiata) in the sequence and its biomass incorporation (LE), (ii) green manuring with Sesbania aculeata (GM), (iii) farmyard manure application (FYM), (iv) 1/3 wheat stubble in situ retention (WS), and (v) 1/3 rice stubble in situ retention. Results and Discussion: The INM strategies resulted in improved NUE compared to 100% chemical fertilizers (F). The INM had significantly higher net N mineralization and improved biological activity aligning with the NUE trends. The reductions in redox potential (Eh) and pH during rice season improved NUE under integrated management. Highly reduced conditions favored N mineralization and plant availability in form of NH+4 - N resulting in enhanced uptake efficiency, in rice crop. The soil organic carbon (C) significantly increased in INM, and an effect of the active C fractions was evident on the NUE of the wheat crop. Conclusion: The results showed that these INM strategies can immensely benefit the rice-wheat system via improvement in biological health along with electrochemical changes for flooded rice, and labile-C-assisted improvement in soil conditions for wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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