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Spatial biomass variation and community structure of epilithic biofilms were examined using cell counts, chlorophyll a extraction, and remote-sensing techniques. Samples were collected at two levels of wave exposure along the Yellow and East Coasts of Korea in December 2010. Cyanobacteria were dominant, occupying about 88% of biofilm, irrespective of wave exposure levels. The cyanobacteria species, Aphanotece spp. was abundant in the Yellow Coast location and Lyngbya spp. was abundant in the East coast location. The representative diatoms were Navicula spp. and Achnanthes spp. on the rocky shores of all study sites. Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was significantly greater in the Yellow Coast (mean 0.46) than that in the East Coast (mean 0.21); a similar pattern was observed in Vegetation Index (VI). Chlorophyll a content was three times greater on the Yellow Coast (20.50 μg/cm2) than that on the East Coast (8.21 μg/cm2), and it was greater at the Gosapo and Bangpo shore sites than that at the Gyeokpo site, on the Yellow Coast. However, chlorophyll a contents were not different between 23.33 and 17.66 μg/cm2 at exposed- and sheltered-shores of Yellow Coast, and were 9.62 μg/cm2 and 6.80 μg/cm2 on the East Coast. Vegetation indices were positively correlated with chlorophyll a contents. In conclusion, biofilm of Korean upper rocky shore was mainly composed of cyanobacteria and biofilm biomass that differed between the Yellow and East Coast.

해양생태계에서 일차생산자의 중요한 구성원의 하나인 해조 류는 무척추동물과 척추동물의 산란장과 섭이장 그리고 포식 자에 대한 은신처뿐만 아니라, 부착 동·식물에게는 착생기질로 이용되므로 해양생물의 종다양성과 생산성을 증대에 일조한다 (Lindstrom, 2009). 온대해역의 해조류 군집구조는 계절적으로 변화하는 수온, 염분 및 광주기 등 무생물적 환경요인(Lobban and Harrison, 1997)과 경쟁과 섭식압 등의 생물학적요인, 그리 고 인간의 직·간접적 활동(부영양화, 퇴적물의 증가 등)에 따라 변화한다(Tribollet and Vroom, 2007). 특히, 인간활동에 기인 한 환경오염이나 부영양화가 발생한 해역에서는 해조류의 종 다양성이 낮고 단순화된 군집구조를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있 어 해조상과 군집구조로 생태계의 환경변화를 예측 혹은 진단 할 수 있어 생물학적 지시자(biological indicator)로 사용된다 (Diez et al., 1999; Wells et al., 2007). 우리나라 전라남도 연안은 해안선의 굴곡이 심하고 다양한 크 기의 많은 섬들로 구성되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 해류, 수온, 수심 과 탁도의 변화가 매우 심한 해황적 특성을 보인다(Kang, 1966; Choi, 1992). 전라남도 해역에서 해조류 연구의 시초는 정약전 이 1814년에 집필한 자산어보에서 흑산도에 35종이 출현한 것 으로 기록되어 있는 것이며, 해조학자인 Kang (1966)은 한국 산 해조류의 지리적 분포를 구분하면서 대흑산도와 소흑산도에 서 89종이 생육하는 것을 보고하였다. 이후 Lee et al. (1986a) 은 대흑산도와 소흑산도를 포함한 6개 섬의 하계 조사에서 129 종을 기재하였고 Kang (1966)의 연구 결과와 비교하여 이곳 에 서식하는 해조류는 총 160종으로 기록하였다. 이외에도 홍 도와 흑산도가 포함된 행정구역인 신안군의 우이도의 계절별

Seasonal species composition and biomass of microphytobenthos were examined at the intertidal flats of Jinsanri, Taean, Korea, from April to December 2011. In total, 121 species were identified, including 109 diatoms, 5 blue-green algae, and 5 dinoflagellates. Seasonal variation in species number ranged from 49 to 56 species (minimum in October and maximal in April), while vertical variation across three different shore levels ranged from 64 to 77 species with maximum at high and minimum at low shore. Species diversity ranged from 3.22 to 3.42 seasonally and from 3.50 to 3.17 across vertical shore levels. Seasonal average values of the normalized difference vegetation index and the vegetation index were 0.06 and 1.14, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentrations were , with a seasonal minimum and maximum in July and October, respectively, and a vertical shore maximum of at mid shore. Phaeopigment concentrations peaked in October () and at high shore () and were lowest in December () and at low shore (). The number of microphytobenthos ranged from 78,556 to 287,898 cells/, reaching a maximum in April and a minimum in July. The diatoms Paralia sulcata, Navicula sp., and Delphines surirella were dominant at all tidal levels over the study period. Dinoflagellates were dominant in July at low shore, and blue-green algae were abundant between July and October at mid shore. In conclusion, species composition and primary production of microphytobenthos exhibited clear seasonal and vertical patterns.

The benthic algal community structures of the seaweed biomass, vertical distribution of dominant seaweeds, and species composition were examined on the rocky shores of Ongdo, Jusamdo, and Woejodo Islands, Korea, in August 2006. A total of 68 seaweeds were identified, comprising 5 green, 11 brown, and 52 red algae from the three study sites. The number of species at Ongdo (32 species) was less than that at Jusamdo (45 species) and Woejodo (44 species). Jusamdo exhibited the maximum seaweed biomass (73.99 g dry wt/m 2 ), while the minimum value was found at Woejodo (36.90 g dry wt/m 2 ). On the three islands, coarsely branched forms were the most dominant functional group in terms of species number and biomass among benthic algal species. The dominant species were Gelidium amansii, Chondrus ocellatus, and Chrysymenia wrightii at Ongdo, Sargasum thunbergii, Ulva pertusa, and Sargassum fusiformis at Jusamdo, and U. pertusa, Undaria pinnatifida , and Corallina pilulifera at Woejodo. Perennial seaweeds were abundant at Ongdo (G. amansii and C. ocellatus) and Jusamdo (S. thunbergii and S. fusiformis), whereas the sheet form of U. pertusa was relatively abundant at Woejodo Island.

The intertidal benthic macroalgal floras of 19 uninhabited islands were investigated in the Goheung area, South Sea, Korea, in June 2008. Seaweed community structures on the rocky shores of four (Naemaemuldo, Ceoldo, Araedombaeseom, and Jinjioedo) of the 19 islands were also examined. Eighty macroalgal species were identified, including 13 green, 19 brown, and 48 red algae. The maximum number of species was found at Naemaemuldo, with 35 species, and the minimum was at Aredombaeseom, with 21 species. Seaweed biomass ranged from 21.39-76.22 g dry 2wt/m , with a maximum at Naemaemuldo, and minimum at Jinjioedo. Sargassum thunbergii was a representative species, distributed widely in the intertidal zone of the four islands. Subdominant seaweeds were Corallina pilulifera and Ulva pertusa at Naemaemuldo and Jinjioedo, respectively. Also, Ishige okamurae was dominant at Ceoldo and Araedombaeseom. Six functional seaweed forms were found at each study site, except for Araedombaeseom, which had four functional groups. On the rocky shores of the four sites, a coarsely-branched form was the most dominant functional group ranging from 44.44-61.90% in species number and 72.42-91. 09% in biomass. In conclusion, among the four study sites, the shore of Naemaemuldo Island had the best ecological status, with the highest number of species, and greatest biomass (mainly brown and red algae) and functional form diversity of seaweeds. Furthermore, on the rocky shore of Naemaemuldo, coarsely branched- and joint calcareous-form seaweeds, which grow in clean and undisturbed environmental conditions, were the representative functional forms.Key words: Algal flora, Biomass, Community, Dominant species, Functional form