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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) We present the first formal record of the twig-girdler Psyllotoxus griseocinctus Thomson, 1868 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini) attacking the rose, Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) in Southern Brazil. We provide photographs of the damage P. griseocinctus causes to the plant, as well as morphological descriptions of the immature stages and molecular diagnostic tools to identify this species. Additionally, we provide a modelled map with the known and potential distribution of P. griseocinctus and new host records for three plant species: the common walnut tree, Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae); the cambucá tree, Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae); and the cherry tree, Prunus cf. serrulata Lindl. (Rosaceae). Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro MNRJ Departamento de Entomologia, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista Universidade Federal do Paraná/ UFPR Departamento de Zoologia Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19020, Jardim das Américas Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”-ESALQ Universidade de São Paulo/ USP Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Av. Pádua Dias 11 Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ Instituto de Biociências, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ Instituto de Biociências, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 CAPES: 001 CNPq: 141974/2014-1 CNPq: 159771/2018-8 CAPES: 1754572 FAPERJ: E-26/201.917/2020

Sheep production on pasture plays an important role in subtropical climates around the world, with great economic and environmental relevance to those regions. However, this production is much lower than its true potential in subtropical regions, largely due to lack of knowledge of how to feed grazing lambs, and mitigate gastrointestinal parasite infections. Due to weather instability and the high growth rate of tropical grasses, it is difficult to adjust the quality and quantity of feed consumed by lambs. In addition, due to warm, wet weather during spring, summer, and autumn, gastrointestinal parasite infection can be intense on subtropical pastures. Thus, the objective of this paper is to summarize 17 years of research in southern regions of Brazil testing alternative management for sheep farmers under these challenging conditions. Our review indicates that ewes play important roles raising their lambs. Besides protecting and providing milk, they leave a better pasture structure for lamb nutrition. The use of creep feeding and creep grazing are additional alternatives to improve lamb growth. However, feeding supplementation with concentrate can deteriorate pasture quality at the end of the summer?autumn season. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections can be reduced with improved lamb nutrition, although L3 larvae of Haemonchus contortus can be present at various pasture heights. This indicates that it is difficult to control L3 ingestion solely by manipulating grazing heights. We summarize important technologies for raising lambs on pasture-based systems to make the best of high herbage growth and minimize intense parasitic infections common in subtropical regions. We discuss research results in light of the latest studies from other ecoregions and climates, although there is a lack of similar research in subtropical regions of the world. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-24T09:12:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-18.pdf: 269365 bytes, checksum: 34b8b416c5d869df96ea11e992d8e96e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The orderChaetothyriales(Pezizomycotina,Ascomycetes) harbours obligatorily melanised fungi and includes numerous etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and other diseases of vertebrate hosts. Diseases range from mild cutaneous to fatal cerebral or disseminated infections and affect humans and cold-blooded animals globally. In addition,Chaetothyrialescomprise species with aquatic, rock-inhabiting, ant-associated, and mycoparasitic life-styles, as well as species that tolerate toxic compounds, suggesting a high degree of versatile extremotolerance. To understand their biology and divergent niche occupation, we sequenced and annotated a set of 23 genomes of main the human opportunists within theChaetothyrialesas well as related environmental species. Our analyses included fungi with diverse life-styles, namely opportunistic pathogens and closely related saprobes, to identify genomic adaptations related to pathogenesis. Furthermore, ecological preferences ofChaetothyrialeswere analysed, in conjuncture with the order-level phylogeny based on conserved ribosomal genes. General characteristics, phylogenomic relationships, transposable elements, sex-related genes, protein family evolution, genes related to protein degradation (MEROPS), carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), melanin synthesis and secondary metabolism were investigated and compared between species. Genome assemblies varied from 25.81 Mb (Capronia coronata) to 43.03 Mb (Cladophialophora immunda). The bantiana-clade contained the highest number of predicted genes (12 817 on average) as well as larger genomes. We found a low content of mobile elements, with DNA transposons from Tc1/Mariner superfamily being the most abundant across analysed species. Additionally, we identified a reduction of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, specifically many of the Glycosyl Hydrolase (GH) class, while most of the Pectin Lyase (PL) genes were lost in etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. An expansion was found in protein degrading peptidase enzyme families S12 (serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidases) and M38 (isoaspartyl dipeptidases). Based on genomic information, a wide range of abilities of melanin biosynthesis was revealed; genes related to metabolically distinct DHN, DOPA and pyomelanin pathways were identified. TheMAT(MAtingType) locus and other sex-related genes were recognized in all 23 black fungi. Members of the asexual generaFonsecaeaandCladophialophoraappear to be heterothallic with a single copy of eitherMAT-1-1orMAT-1-2in each individual. AllCaproniaspecies are homothallic as bothMAT1-1andMAT1-2genes were found in each single genome. The genomic synteny of theMAT-locus flanking genes (SLA2-APN2-COX13) is not conserved in black fungi as is commonly observed inEurotiomycetes, indicating a unique genomic context forMATin those species. The heterokaryon (het) genes expansion associated with the low selective pressure at theMAT-locus suggests that a parasexual cycle may play an important role in generating diversity among those fungi.

The present study aimed to contribute towards identification and registration of tick species that parasitize dogs in rural and urban areas of three mesoregions of Paraná, southern Brazil, and to estimate the rate of occurrence of each species. Fifty-six dogs with ticks living in three mesoregions: Metropolitana de Curitiba (MC), Centro Oriental (COP) and Centro Sul Paranaense (CSP), were used in the study. From these 56 dogs, 253 ticks were collected and were identified and morphologically characterized according to the species. Among all the ticks, 69.6% were identified as belonging to the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.); 28.1% as Amblyomma aureolatum and 2.4% as Amblyomma ovale. Among the dogs in MC that were evaluated, 57.7% were parasitized by R. sanguineus s. l., 38.5% by A. aureolatum and 3.8% by A. ovale; while in COP, 72.4% of the dogs were parasitized by A. aureolatum and 27.6% by R. sanguineus s. l.. In CSP, one tick was obtained, which was identified as A. aureolatum. Resumo O presente estudo objetivou contribuir com a identificação e o registro das espécies de carrapatos que parasitam cães de áreas rurais e urbanas de três mesorregiões do Paraná, Sul do Brasil, e estimar a taxa de ocorrência de cada espécie. Cinquenta e seis cães com carrapatos, provenientes das mesorregiões: Metropolitana de Curitiba (MC), Centro Oriental (COP) e Centro Sul Paranaense (CSP) foram utilizados no estudo. Dos 56 cães, foram coletados 253 carrapatos que foram identificados e caracterizados morfologicamente de acordo com a espécie. Do total de carrapatos, 69,6% foram identificadas como pertencentes à espécie Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.; 28,1% como Amblyomma aureolatum e 2,4% como Amblyomma ovale. Dentre os animais avaliados, provenientes da MC, 57,7% estavam parasitados por R. sanguineus s. l., 38,5% por A. aureolatum e 3,8% por A. ovale; enquanto na COP 72,4% dos cães foram parasitados por A. aureolatum e 27,6% por R. sanguineus s. l.. Na CSP foi obtido um carrapato, identificado como A. aureolatum.

International audience; The food industry is investigating new technological applications of lactobionic acid (LBA). In the current work, the effect of lactobionic acid on the acidification of dairy gels (pH 5.5 and 6.2), rheological properties using a double compression test, sodium mobility using Na-23 NMR technique and aroma release using headspace GC-FID were studied. Our results showed that it is possible to use LBA as an alternative to glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) for the production of dairy gels with a controlled pH value. Small differences in the rheological properties and in the amount of aroma volatile organic compounds that were released in the vapour phase, but no significant difference in the sodium ion mobility were obtained. The gels produced with LBA were less firm and released less volatile aroma compounds than the gels produced with GDL. The gels at pH 6.2 were firmer than those at pH 5.5 and had a more organised structure around the sodium ions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-30 Fundação Grupo Boticário de Proteção à Natureza Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Emiliano Perneta, 297, sala 122 Universidade Federal Do Paraná Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Three new species of Oleandra from the Neotropics are described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. Oleandra amazonica and O. steyermarkii are endemic to the Guiana Shield, whereas O. hovenkampii has an apparent disjunct distribution, being known from Peru and Costa Rica. We also re-define the informal, morphological groups of Neotropical Oleandra: 1. Species with slender, creeping stems clothed with squarrose, spreading scales, and forming stipe-like phyllopodia, with alternate and spaced phyllotaxy; 2. An intermediate group between groups 1 and 3, composed of species with mostly slender, creeping stems clothed with appressed scales, and forming stipe-like phyllopodia, with mixed phylotaxy (alternate in some species, tending to verticilate in others); and 3. Species with stout, climbing to ascending stems clothed with appressed scales, and forming stem-like phyllopodia, with verticillate phyllotaxy. In total, we recognize 21 valid species for the Neotropics, and tentatively accommodate them in those three groups, each one with 9, 5, and 7 species, respectively. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s.n Departamento de Botânica Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19031 Instituto de Botânica, C.P. 68041 UNESP/IBILCE Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 UNESP/IBILCE Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-24 Seeds may undergo interference from chemical products that are applied to the mother-plant, either impairing or improving their features, and to determine if there was interference in the seeds, germination and vigor tests are carried out. This study aimed to assess the quality of soybean seeds subjected to pre- and post-emergence herbicides and post-emergence growth regulators. At experiment 1, pre-emergence soybean herbicides were applied, and seeds were sown at the same day of application, at experiment 2, herbicides and growth regulators were applied at post-emergence soybean (V4). Seeds were harvested and subjected to the necessary tests, namely 1,000-seed weight, moisture content, germination, seedling length, tetrazolium and electrical conductivity. In general, herbicides and growth regulators did not cause an adverse impact on soybean seeds quality. Application of flumioxazin or mepiquat chloride caused minimal effects on the soybean seeds quality, with minor reductions in vigor, and no effect on germination. Universidade Federal do Paraná Crop Science Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronomica LTDA Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:29:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 The Ornithocephalus clade comprises small epiphytes distributed in 12 genera and c. 120 species. Their flowers have complex structures, the homologies of which are difficult to interpret. Through ontogenetic studies, we identified the origins of the tabula infrastigmatica, floral appendages located in the gynostemium and the labellar callus. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we analysed flowers at various developmental stages from representatives of three genera: Ornithocephalus (two species), Phymatidium (two species) and Zygostates (three species). The tabula infrastigmatica of Phymatidium results from the fusion of the lateral carpels and staminodes, with different degrees of synorganization across species and can be considered a plesiomorphic characteristic within the clade. Contradicting hypotheses of a staminodial origin, the auricles present in this genus derive from the gynostemium. In Zygostates, the lateral appendices derive from staminodes and can show different development degrees, whereas in Ornithocephaus that character has been lost. We corroborate the view that the labellum is a single organ derived from the median petal and the labellar callus is derived from it. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Instituto de Biociências Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue Evolution and Biodiversity of Plants Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr-Universität Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal Do Paraná

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Background Composition of the vaginal microbiome is strongly related to a woman's reproductive health and risk of sexually transmitted infections. Ethnoracial, behavioral, and environmental factors can influence microbiome. The Brazilian population is unique in terms of miscegenation of ethnic groups and behavioral characteristics across different regions. We aimed to characterize the vaginal microbiome of women from 5 geographical regions of Brazil. Methods We sequenced V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene in vaginal samples of 609 reproductive-aged women. We performed logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between sociodemographic and behavioral factors with Lactobacillus-depleted microbiome (community state type [CST] IV). Results Vaginal samples were grouped into 5 CST: CST I (L. crispatus predominant, 30.5%), CST II (L. gasseri predominant, 4.4%), CST III (Lactobacillus iners predominant, 36.5%), CST IV (Lactobacillus-depleted, 27.4%), and CST V (L. jensenii predominant, 1.2%). Several factors were independently associated with CST IV, such as smoking (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.02-3.18), number of partners (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.20-3.70), and vaginal douching (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.34-3.74). A protective effect was observed for milk/dairy intake (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.82) and sitz bathing (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.98). Conclusions Nearly two thirds of Brazilian women may be at an increased risk for adverse outcomes associated with a vaginal microbiota characterized by the depletion of Lactobacillus or dominance by L. iners, whose protective role has been widely questioned. Several factors related to sexual behavior and intimate hygiene were associated with CST IV. Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University Institute of Genomic Science University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Goiás (UFG) Department of Nursing Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics State University of Pará (UEPA) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFPR) Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Nursing Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Zoysia japonica grass has commercial importance to Brazil due to its use in golf courses and football stadiums. The main concern about its commercial cultivation is the unevenness on seed germination as well as the ideal seed harvesting time. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of temperature and potassium nitrate on dormancy overcoming, and of substrate and harvesting time on germination of zoysia grass seeds (Zoysia japonica Steud). There were three experiments: 1) temperature and potassium nitrate treatments, with six temperature conditions (constants at 20 ˚C, 25 ˚C, 30 ˚C, and 35 ˚C, and alternating at 20-30 ˚C and 20-35 ˚C), under absence or presence of potassium nitrate; 2) temperature and substrate treatments, with two temperature conditions (alternating at 20-30 ˚C and 20-35 ˚C) and three types of substrates (on paper, between paper, and on sand); and 3) harvesting time treatments, which seeds were obtained by manual harvesting comprising 11 harvesting periods. Seeds germinated more rapidly on the sand and paper, at the alternating temperature of 20-35 °C. The best period for seed harvesting was from 18 to 19 days after ear emergence in the production field. Resumo A grama Zoysia japonica apresenta importância comercial para o Brasil devido à utilização em campos de golfe e estádios de futebol. Em produção comercial, a principal preocupação é a desuniformidade na germinação, bem como a época ideal da colheita das sementes. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e do nitrato de potássio na superação da dormência, e do substrato e da época de colheita na germinação de sementes de grama-esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud). Foram realizados três experimentos: 1) tratamentos de temperatura e nitrato de potássio, sendo seis condições de temperatura (constantes a 20 ˚C, 25 ˚C, 30 ˚C e 35 ˚C, e alternadas a 20-30 ˚C e 20-35 ˚C), na ausência ou presença de nitrato de potássio; 2) tratamentos de temperatura e substrato, sendo duas condições de temperatura (alternadas a 20-30 ˚C e 20-35 ˚C) e três tipos de substratos (sobre papel, entre papel e sobre areia); e 3) tratamentos de época de colheita, cujas sementes foram obtidas por meio de colheita manual durante 11 períodos. As sementes germinaram mais rapidamente nos substratos sobre areia e sobre papel, na temperatura alternada a 20-35 ºC. O melhor período para a colheita das sementes foi de 18 a 19 dias após o surgimento das espigas no campo de produção.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 National Council for Scientific Research Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Chromoblastomycosis is a neglected disease characterized by cutaneous, subcutaneous or disseminated lesions. It is considered an occupational infectious disease that affects mostly rural workers exposed to contaminated soil and vegetal matter. Lesions mostly arise after a traumatic inoculation of herpotrichiellaceous fungi from the Chaetothyriales order. However, the environmental niche of the agents of the disease remains obscure. Its association with insects has been predicted in a few studies. Therefore, the present work aimed to analyze if social insects, specifically ants, bees, and termites, provide a suitable habitat for the fungi concerned. The mineral oil flotation method was used to isolate the microorganisms. Nine isolates were recovered and phylogenetic analysis identified two strains as potential agents of chromoblastomycosis, i.e., Fonsecaea pedrosoi CMRP 3076, obtained from a termite nest (n = 1) and Rhinocladiella similis CMRP 3079 from an ant exoskeleton (n = 1). In addition, we also identified Fonsecaea brasiliensis CMRP 3445 from termites (n = 1), Exophiala xenobiotica CMRP 3077 from ant exoskeleton (n = 1), Cyphellophoraceae CMRP 3103 from bees (n = 1), Cladosporium sp. CMRP 3119 from bees (n = 1), Hawksworthiomyces sp. CMRP 3102 from termites (n = 1), and Cryptendoxyla sp. from termites (n = 2). The environmental isolate of F. pedrosoi CMRP 3076 was tested in two animal models, Tenebrio molitor and Wistar rat, for its pathogenic potential with fungal retention in T. molitor tissue. In the Wistar rat, the cells resembling muriform cells were observed 30 d after inoculation. Graduate Program in Microbiology Parasitology and Pathology Federal University of Paraná University Center Campo Real Federal University of Paraná Graduate Program in Pharmacology UFPR Medical Department Federal University of Maranhão Embrapa Amazônia Oriental CPATU Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Institute of Biological Sciences UNESP-São Paulo State University Division of Microbial Resources CPQBA University of Campinas Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Institute of Biological Sciences UNESP-São Paulo State University CNPq: 312811/2018–7 CAPES: Brazil CAPES: Finance Code 001, Brasilia

Azalea (Rhododendron simsii Planch.) is an ornamental plant native to China, propagated commercially by cuttings and cultivated in Brazil due to the beauty of its flowers. However, it presents rooting difficulties, which can lead to a reduction in the commercial production of these seedlings. Thus, the application of plant regulators is necessary to achieve rooting success as well as of nutrients that are involved in biochemical and physiological plant processes. This work aimed to evaluate the rooting performance of Otto and Terra Nova azalea herbaceous cuttings treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and boron. The experiments were conducted at a private property specialized in the production of potted azalea, located in Holambra County, São Paulo State, Brazil, and the evaluations were carried out at the Plant Seed Laboratory of the Crop Production Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal. The experimental design for each experiment with each cultivar was completely randomized. The treatments were arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme (IBA concentrations x boron concentrations) with four replications and 10 cuttings per replication. The evaluation was performed six weeks after experiment beginning. Auxin and boron did not influence rooting percentage of cuttings of both cultivars. However, Otto cultivar presented a better-quality root system when cuttings were treated with 2,000 mg L−1 IBA in the absence of boron. Resumo A azaleia (Rhododendron simsii Planch.) é uma planta ornamental originária da China, propagada comercialmente por estacas e muito cultivada no Brasil devido à beleza de suas flores. No entanto, apresenta dificuldades no enraizamento, o que pode provocar uma redução na produção comercial dessas mudas. Dessa forma, é necessária a aplicação de fitorreguladores para alcançar o sucesso do enraizamento, bem como a utilização de nutrientes que estejam envolvidos nos processos bioquímicos e fisiológicos das plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e do boro no enraizamento de estacas herbáceas das cultivares de azaleia Otto e Terra Nova. Os experimentos foram realizados em uma propriedade particular especializada na produção de azaleias em vasos, localizada em Holambra/SP, e as avaliações foram realizadas no Laboratório de Sementes e Plantas Hortícolas do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), em Jaboticabal/SP. O delineamento experimental, para cada experimento com cada cultivar, foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x4 (concentrações de AIB x concentrações de boro) com quatro repetições e 10 estacas por repetição. A avaliação foi realizada seis semanas após o estaqueamento. Concluiu-se que a auxina e o boro não influenciaram na porcentagem de enraizamento das estacas para ambos as cultivares. No entanto, a cultivar Otto apresentou um sistema radicular de melhor qualidade quando as estacas foram tratadas com 2.000 mg L−1 de AIB na ausência de boro.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In sustainable tropical agriculture, grass-legume intercropping can increase productivity, enhance the nutritional quality of the crop and affect soil microbiological activity, leading to higher yields in succession crops. This study evaluated the impact of grass-legume intercropping, during the pasture phase of integrated crop-livestock systems under no-tillage (ICLS–NT), on soil microbiota, pasture quality, and soybean productivity in the Brazilian Cerrado. We evaluated the effect of intercropping on total soil contents of organic carbon and nitrogen, soil microbial activity, animal and soybean productivity (2017 and 2018 crop seasons), and pasture production and quality. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments under grass-legume intercropping in the pasture phase of ICLS–NT. The grasses Urochloa ruziziensis ‘Kennedy’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, Panicum maximum ‘Tamani’ and U. brizantha ‘Piatã’ were grown in monoculture and intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) ‘Tumucumaque’ or pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) ‘Mandarin’. A randomized block design, with three repetitions, was used in a split-plot arrangement, considering the grasses as plots and the legumes as subplots. The results showed that ICLS–NT improved the activity of soil microbial biomass when compared to monoculture systems. Grass-legume intercropping during the pasture phase, mainly with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), increased soybean productivity, and grass dry matter. Total organic carbon (TOC), carbon management index (CMI%), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (Qmic) are the most sensitive markers when it comes to the effects of intercropping on soil microbiological activity and soybean productivity in ICLS–NT. Identifying the best grass-legume combinations allows the establishment of more productive crop-livestock integration systems under no-tillage better adapted to the bio-edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. Rondonópolis Federal University (UFR) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) CNPq: 454461/2014-3

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Instituto de Biociências de- Rio Claro Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, Rio Claro Universidade Federal do Paraná Setor de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia Molecular de Plantas Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19031 Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue Grupo de Investigación Schultes Fundación Ecotonos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Instituto de Biociências de- Rio Claro Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, Rio Claro Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade: 30642-1 CNPq: 314642/2020-0 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade: 50482-1 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade: 50482-2

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The Iguaçu National Park (INP) is the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing an ecological continuum with Argentina. The INP harbours a diverse fauna, with ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1976, Carnivora: Procyonidae) in close contact with tourists either begging and/or snatching food from visitors. A potentially novel haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. has been previously detected in the ring-tailed coatis from central-western and southern Brazil. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. and tick-borne pathogens in wild ring-tailed coatis from the INP, Foz do Iguaçu municipality, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 18 wild ring-tailed coatis and evaluated by conventional PCR (cPCR) assays for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (16S and 23S rRNA), Theileria/Babesia spp. (18S rRNA) and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. (16S rRNA, sodB, dsb and groEL). Eight out of 18 (44.44%; 95% CI: 24.56%–66.28%) animals were positive for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. All ring-tailed coatis tested negative for Theileria/Babesia spp. and only one out of 18 (5.56%; 95% CI: 0.99%–25.76%) animals tested positive for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. by the 16S rRNA cPCR. Unfortunately, multiple attempts to sequence the 16S rRNA gene of the Ehrlichia/Anaplasma-positive sample have failed. Phylogenetic and network analysis of the hemoplasma 16S and 23S rRNA gene fragments confirmed that animals were infected by a potentially novel haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. previously reported in ring-tailed coatis from Brazil. The name ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua’ is proposed for this novel organism. Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center Itaiguapy Foundation Institute of Teaching and Research Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas Unidade Vila A Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos Universidade Paranaense Centro de Transposição de Peixes Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Patologia Reprodução e Saúde Única Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP) Global One Health Initiative (GOHi) The Ohio State University Departamento de Patologia Reprodução e Saúde Única Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Plants should have the ability to perceive physiological changes within their branches when infected by mistletoes, adjusting the use of resources between infected and uninfected branches which can be crucial for their survival in the long-term. Here we investigated how branches infected by the mistletoe Passovia ovata (Pohl ex DC.) Tiegh. and uninfected branches within the same individual tree respond to seasonal environmental changes across two hosts of contrasting leaf phenology (the evergreen Miconia albicans (SW.) Triana and the deciduous Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC.). We measured key leaf traits (instantaneous gas exchange rates, diurnal courses of stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, specific leaf area and leaf macronutrient concentrations) during the peak of the wet and dry season in a seasonal savanna of central Brazil. Pre-dawn leaf water potentials were consistently more negative for infected branches of both hosts, suggesting that overnight water refilling of infected branches was more limited. However, infected and uninfected branches exhibited similar leaf water potentials at midday, suggesting that they undergo similar imbalances in water supply and demand during periods of high atmospheric evaporative demand. Infected and non-infected branches of the evergreen mistletoe showed tighter regulation of water loss, whereas infected branches of the deciduous host were less constrained in regulating leaf transpiration. We also found differences for nutrient concentrations: N, P and K were lower, while Ca was higher in leaves of infected branches. Physiological changes induced by mistletoe infection affected host performance, and were reflected in water and nutrient use differences between infected and uninfected branches. Our findings show that infection responses by mistletoes can be detected between branches within individual trees, and that host species with distinct patterns of leaf phenology are capable to adjust, at the individual level, to cope with mistletoe's imposed physiological stress throughout the year. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Herein, we describe the external larval morphology, internal oral features, and chondrocranium of Trachycephalus imitatrix and Trachycephalus dibernardoi and the advertisement call of T. imitatrix. To our knowledge, this is the first thorough description of the larval chondrocranium for the genus Trachycephalus. The tadpole of T. imitatrix is overall similar to the other congeneric species, but can be distinguished from them by the following combination of characteristics: presence of two folds in the posterior labium, clumped submarginal papillae, tail ending in a flagellum, buccal roof arena lacking papillae, and seven postnarial papillae. The tadpole of T. dibernardoi can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characteristics: snout rounded in lateral view, absence of interruption in teeth rows, uniseriate and alternated row of marginal papillae, two pairs of infralabial papillae, and absence of projection of the dorsal velum. The advertisement call of T. imitatrix is very similar to that of Trachycephalus nigromaculatus, but can be distinguished from it by its lower dominant frequency. Additionally, both spectral and temporal features of the call can distinguish T. imitatrix from other congeneric species. Our results help understand the differentiation of larval and acoustical characteristics within the genus Trachycephalus. Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do sul Campo Grande Laboratório de Ecologia de Metacomunidades Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal Do Paraná Centro Politécnico, Paraná Grupo de Pesquisa Bioacústica Ecologia e Comportamento Animal - BECA Instituto Federal Do Paraná Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação, Paraná Rua Purus 33 Criadouro Onça Pintada, Estrada do Pocinho 500, Paraná Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 The family Thamnophilidae is a species-rich Neotropical radiation of passerine birds. Current classification of its 235 species is mostly based on morphological similarities, but recent studies integrating comprehensive phenotypic and phylogenetic data have redefined taxonomic limits of several taxa. Here, we assess generic relationships of Herpsilochmus, Sakesphorus, Thamnophilus, Biatas, and Dysithamnus using DNA sequences from the mitochondrion, nuclear exons, and ultraconserved elements, with further attention to interspecific relationships within Herpsilochmus. We show that Herpsilochmus and Sakesphorus are not monophyletic. We resolve Herpsilochmus sellowi as a deep-branch sister to the monotypic genus Biatas and Sakesphorus cristatus as sister to a clade comprising Herpsilochmus sensu stricto and Dysithamnus. These results are consistent across loci, obtained via concatenation and coalescent-based analyses, and supported by likelihood-ratio tests of the distribution of our sampled coalescent histories. The phenotypic distinctiveness of both H. sellowi and Biatas argues against merging them into a single genus. Because no generic name is available for H. sellowi, we describe a monotypic genus. The polyphyly of Sakesphorus warrants recognition of the available generic name Sakesphoroides for the distinctive and monotypic S. cristatus. Furthermore, we recover 6 well-supported species groups within Herpsilochmus sensu stricto. Within the context of the family as a whole, the ubiquity of long terminal branches representing monotypic genera points to extinction events among ancestors of these lineages. We suggest that retention of ancestral characters or random genetic drift coupled with extensive extinction could explain the high degree of morphological and ecological similarity across these taxa, but we highlight the potential role of the environment in driving adaptive phenotypic convergence. Finally, our results send a cautionary message against the blind use of phylogenies containing imputed data based on taxonomy due to the increasingly frequent mismatches between traditional taxonomic classification and molecular phylogenies. LAY SUMMARY We conduct phylogenomic analyses to infer generic relationships of Herpsilochmus, Sakesphorus, Thamnophilus, Biatas, and Dysithamnus. Using thousands of ultraconserved elements, exons, and mitochondrial DNA, we consistently show that the genus Herpsilochmus is not monophyletic because H. sellowi is a sister of the monotypic species Biatas nigropectus. Because the phenotypic distinctiveness of H. sellowi and B. nigropectus argues against merging them into a single genus and there is no available generic name for H. sellowi, we describe a monotypic genus for this species. We also found polyphyly of the genus Sakesphorus, warranting recognition of the available generic name Sakesphoroides for Sakesphorus cristatus. Our results provide a robust framework for downstream analyses of biogeographic and phenotypic evolution of Herpsilochmus antwrens and allies. This study adds to the increasing body of literature documenting the mismatch between traditional avian taxonomic classifications based on external morphology and evolutionary histories traced by modern genetic tools. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Seção de Aves Museu de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro Politécnico Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro Politécnico Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Gund Institute for Environment The University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources The University of Vermont Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Coordenação de Zoologia Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Background. The necessity of a competent vector for transmission is a primary ecological factor driving the host range expansion of plant arthropod-borne viruses, with vectors playing an essential role in disease emergence. Cassava begomoviruses severely constrain cassava production in Africa. Curiously, begomoviruses have never been reported in cassava in South America, the center of origin for this crop. It has been hypothesized that the absence of a competent vector in cassava is the reason why begomoviruses have not emerged in South America. Methods. We performed a country-wide whitefly diversity study in cassava in Brazil. Adults and/or nymphs of whiteflies were collected from sixty-six cassava fields in the main agroecological zones of the country. A total of 1,385 individuals were genotyped based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Results. A high species richness was observed, with five previously described species and two putative new ones. The prevalent species were Tetraleurodes acaciae and Bemisia tuberculata, representing over 75% of the analyzed individuals. Although we detected, for the first time, the presence of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (BtMEAM1) colonizing cassava in Brazil, it was not prevalent. The species composition varied across regions, with fields in the Northeast region showing a higher diversity. These results expand our knowledge of whitefly diversity in cassava and support the hypothesis that begomovirus epidemics have not occurred in cassava in Brazil due to the absence of competent vector populations. However, they indicate an ongoing adaptation process of BtMEAM1 to cassava, increasing the likelihood of begomovirus emergence in this crop. Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP Faculdade de Engenharia Agronômica Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, MG Dep. de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal do Piauí, PI Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, PA Dep. de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, SC Centro Multidisciplinar do Campus de Barra Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, BA Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Fitossanidade Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, GO Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa e Extensão Rural, ES Faculdade de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP

International audience; We reconstruct a comprehensively sampled molecular phylogeny for the second most species-rich tribe of the ladybird beetle family Coccinellidae, the charismatic Coccinellini. We analysed a dataset consisting of five nuclear and three mitochondrial gene fragments from 150 taxa to provide a detailed phylogeny and estimates of historical divergence times using Bayesian relaxed clocks and primary fossil calibrations and an assessment of the evolution of feeding habits. The results of phylogenetic analyses provide strong support for the monophyly of the tribe Coccinellini, highlight the existence of four major clades and most sampled Coccinellini genera (30 out of 34) were recovered monophyletic. Our dating analyses suggest an Early Cretaceous origin for Coccinellidae at ca. 140 millions years ago (Ma) and a Late Cretaceous origin for the tribe Coccinellini at ca. 83.8 Ma. Ancestral character state estimation of feeding habits highlights a high level of phylogenetic niche conservatism on aphids and indicates that the most common recent ancestor of Coccinellini likely also fed on aphids. Our reconstruction of feeding habits and assessment of the aphid fossil record suggests that the diversification of Coccinellini paralleled that of Aphididae, although with substantial variation in host-breadth and the tendency for a few specialized lineages towards non-aphid feeding.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:30:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-21 Dryadella catharinensis, a new orchid species found in the north-northeast part of the Santa Catarina state, in southern Brazil, is described here. The tiny new species was found in the dense ombrophilous submontane forest (Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana) in the Atlantic Rainforest. It is similar to Dryadella susanae, which is endemic of the Espírito Santo state and differs in the larger vegetative size, the narrow and suberect leaf, yellow flowers, the sepals with slightly denticulate margins, the petals with an obtuse apex and the cuneate lip with denticulated margins and a annular callus in the median portion of the claw. It is the fifteenth Dryadella species restricted to the Atlantic Rainforest (25% of the genus), evidencing the importance of the conservation of this biome-of which only 11% remains-for the genus. Due to the rarity and low density of this species in the field, allied to the degradation of the habitat, we suggest a conservation status of Endangered. Further fieldwork is needed to locate additional populations and study the biological aspects for their conservation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, Rio Claro Universidade Federal Do Paraná Setor de Ciências Biológicas Depto. de Botanica Laboratorio de Sistematica e Ecologia Molecular de Plantas Centro Politecnico, Caixa Postal 19031 Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade Setor de Ciências Biológicas, R. João Scuissiato, 001, Santa Quitéria Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, Rio Claro

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 A new species of Passiflora subgenus Passiflora from the Brazilian flora is described and illustrated in this article. Passiflora faleiroi was collected in Prado, state of Bahia, and belongs to the supersection Stipulata, section Granadillastrum. Passiflora faleiroi is compared to two similar species, P. mucronata Lam. and P. silvestris Vell. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP Campus de Rio Claro Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista Caixa Postal 199 Phone: 55(019)3526-4100 Departamento de Botânica Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade-UNIANDRADE Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR Setor de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19031 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP Campus de Rio Claro Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Av. 24 A 1515 Bela Vista Caixa Postal 199 Phone: 55(019)3526-4100

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:39:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-14 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Pipidae is a clade of Anura that diverged relatively early from other frogs in the phylogeny of the group. Pipids have a unique combination of morphological features, some of which appear to represent a mix of adaptations to aquatic life and plesiomorphic characters of Anura. The present study describes the karyotype of Pipa carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, including morphology, heterochromatin distribution, and location of the NOR site. The diploid number of P. carvalhoi is 2n=20, including three metacentric pairs (1, 4, 8), two submetacentric (2 and 7), three subtelocentric (3, 5, 6), and two telocentric pairs (9 and 10). C-banding detected centromeric blocks of heterochromatin in all chromosome pairs and the NOR detected in chromosome pair 9, as confirmed by FISH using the rDNA 28S probe. The telomeric probes indicated the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), primarily in the centromeric region of the chromosomes, frequently associated with heterochromatin, suggesting that these repeats are a significant component of this region. The findings of the present study provide important insights for the understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal evolution in the genus Pipa, and the diversification of the Pipidae as a whole. Univ Fed Parana UFPR, Dept Genet, Programa Posgrad Genet, Jardim Amer,Ctr Politecn, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas UFAL, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, Ave Louriva Melo Mota S-N, BR-57072900 Maceio, Alagoas State, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Campus Rio Claro,Ave 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Estrutural & Func, Ave Bertrand Russel S-N, BR-13083865 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Campus Rio Claro,Ave 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2016/07717-6 CAPES: 001 CNPq: CNPq/PQ/309904/2015-3

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Human occupation of coastal areas promotes the establishment of non-native species but information on bioinvasions is usually biased toward the Northern Hemisphere. We assessed non-native species' importance in sessile communities at six marinas along the most urbanized area of the Southwestern Atlantic coastline. We found 67 species, of which 19 are exotic. The most frequent species was the exotic polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum, while the most abundant was the exotic bryozoan Schizoporella errata that monopolized the substrata in three marinas. Along with S. errata, the exotic polychaete Hydroides elegans and ascidian Styela plicata dominated space in the three remaining marinas, while native species were in general rare. We show that communities associated with artificial substrata along this Brazilian urbanized area are dominated by exotic species and that using abundance data along with species identity can improve our understanding of the importance of exotic species for the dynamics of biological communities. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo, R. Matão, Trav. 14 Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n – São Cristóvão Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal Fluminense Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6109 Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa – LAEBry Departamento de Zoologia Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235 - Cidade Universitária Laboratório de Evolução e Diversidade Aquática – LEDA Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL/Assis, Av. Dom Antônio, 2100 Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Evolução e Diversidade Aquática – LEDA Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL/Assis, Av. Dom Antônio, 2100 CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2015/24408-4 FAPESP: 2016/17647-5 FAPESP: 2016/50389-0 CNPq: 308768/2018-3 CNPq: 309995/2017-5

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Glyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations widely used to control weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to the intensive use of GLY-based herbicides and their direct application on soils, some of their components, including the active ingredient, may reach the aquatic environment through direct run-off and leaching. The present study assessed the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the GLY-based formulation Atanor 48 (ATN) and its major constituents GLY, surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), as well as the main metabolite of GLY aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on non-target aquatic organisms. The toxic effects of these chemicals were evaluated in the fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio), while genotoxic effects were investigated in the comet assays with cells from zebrafish larvae and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2). GLY and AMPA caused no acute toxic effect, while ATN and POEA induced significant lethal effects in zebrafish (LC50-96 h 76.50 mg/L and 5.49 mg/L, respectively). All compounds were genotoxic in comet experiments with zebrafish larvae (LOEC 1.7 mg/L for GLY, ATN, AMPA and 0.4 mg/L for POEA). Unlike in vivo, only POEA induced DNA damage in RTG-2 cells (LOEC 1.6 mg/L), suggesting that it is a direct acting genotoxic agent. In summary, these data indicate that the lethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages can be ranked in the following order from most to least toxic: surfactant POEA > formulation ATN > active ingredient GLY ≈ metabolite AMPA. Genotoxic effects were observed in both RTG-2 cells (only POEA) and zebrafish (all test compounds) with the lowest tested concentrations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different toxicological endpoints as well as use different non-target organisms to predict the hazards of GLY-based formulations and their components and breakdown product to aquatic biota. Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Goiás (UFG) Department of Genetics – Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo (USP) School of Technology State University of Campinas UNICAMP Biological Sciences Institute – University of Brasília (UnB) National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) UNESP Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355 National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) UNESP Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Anathallis (Pleurothallidinae) is a Neotropical orchid genus with over 150 species. Although previous phylogenetic studies suggest the polyphyletism of the genus, there is little information about the group in the literature due to the lack of Anathallis-focused molecular studies and the absence of genomic research in Pleurothallidinae. Here, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome (plastome) of Anathallis obovata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, the type species of the genus. In addition, we compared its structure and gene content with two Pleurothallidinae species: Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl. and Masdevallia picturata Rchb. f., and one Laeliinae: Cattleya coccinea Lindl. The plastome of A. obovata is 155,515 bp in length, with a typical quadripartite structure presenting the following measures: LSC with 83,694 bp, IRs with 26,949 bp each and SSC with 17,923 bp. The genes accD, ndhA, ndhB, ndhF have premature stop codons that may be related to a pseudogenization process and probably produce non-functional proteins. The whole-genome alignment of the four plastomes showed no structural variations when comparing Pleurothallidinae and Laeliinae species, but we detect deletion of the ndhF, ndhA, ndhI genes and a reduction in length of ndhH and ndhG in Cattleya crispata. In addition, we observed some differences in the IR borders: the IR/SSC boundary is just within the coding sequence of ycf1 in Pleurothallidinae, creating a short ycf1 fragment in IR, but in Cattleya crispata the SSC contains almost the whole ycf1 gene. These divergences observed between the plastomes of Pleurothallidinae and Laeliinae are possibly intrinsic to the evaluated subtribes. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Postal Box 19031 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP Núcleo de Fixação de Nitrogênio Departamento de Bioquímica Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Postal Box 19031 Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 One of the major challenges in studies of activity and movement ecology is discovering how and why animals behave differently in certain environments. The gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is widely distributed in the Neotropic region. In the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, gray brocket deer inhabit a unique landscape with varying ecotypes arranged in a mosaic, where seasonal flooding alters resource availability for the deer. Documenting animal activity and movement can be the key to understanding how a species interacts with its dynamic environment. We used data from accelerometers and characteristics of movement on six GPS-monitored gray brocket deer in the Pantanal wetland to investigate how habitat type, periods of the day, and cycles of flooding and drought affect activity, movement behavior, and displacement. Deer exhibited the lowest activity and encamped movement in closed habitat during diurnal and nocturnal periods, suggesting resting and foraging behaviors. The highest activity and exploratory movement occurred in open habitats, and potentially was related to deer searching for locations with greater resource availability. Individuals were displaced the most during floods, which was a response to access feeding sites that were free of water. Our results not only represent an unprecedented and refined view of the activity and movement behavior of brocket deer, but they also stress the importance of preserving multiple habitat types for species that express variable foraging strategies in heterogeneous landscapes. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres (LABCEAS) Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos 210 Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária Dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Departamento de ATC, Av. Beira Mar, 3250 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária Do Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro, no 1.880 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos 210 Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

International audience; In Paraná, southern Brazil, apple orchards are commonly bordered by highly biodiverse Atlantic Forest remnants. The main insect pest in these orchards is the highly polyphagous South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus. Technical advisers recommend that farmers remove wild host plants of A. fraterculus around orchards, which is at odds with the need for forest conservation. We thus investigated whether the presence of Atlantic Forest remnants and A. fraterculus host plants surrounding commercial apple orchards affect A. fraterculus populations in apple orchards in Paraná, southern Brazil. For this purpose, we monitored A. fraterculus using McPhail traps in a total of 67 100 m × 200 m apple orchard plots that differed in their adjacent landscape (forest with A. fraterculus host plants, forest without host plants, open areas). In total, we captured 6412 Anastrepha fruit flies during four growing seasons. At the time when the apple fruits were susceptible to A. fraterculus, the probability of occurrence (i.e. of presence or absence) of A. fraterculus did not differ among the adjacent landscape types and was not affected by the presence of specific host plants. Its abundance in traps where at least one individual was found was also not affected. In contrast, at the time when the apple fruits were absent or not susceptible to A. fraterculus, A. fraterculus probability of occurrence was significantly higher in plots adjacent to open area than in plots adjacent to native forest remnants and intermediate in plots adjacent to native forest remnants with A. fraterculus host plants. At that time, its probability of occurrence and its abundance increased only with the presence of Psidium cattleyanum in these forest remnants. These results indicate that forest remnants had a limited impact on A. fraterculus abundance in orchards and do not support the recommendation to indiscriminately remove wild host plants adjacent to apple orchards.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:48:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish is a target of contaminants since it can absorb these substances. We evaluated the morphophysiological alterations in the GIT of Sphoeroides testudineus collected in two estuaries presenting differences in their environmental quality (NIA and IA). The intestine was analyzed for histological and neuronal changes; liver and gills for biochemical markers; muscle tissues for neurotoxicity and peripheral blood for genotoxic damage. The results showed alterations in the GIT of the animals collected in the IA, such as muscle tunica and goblet cell density reduction, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes density and changes in neuronal density. Furthermore, changes were observed in MTs and LPO in the gills. Thus, we suggest that TGI is functioning as a barrier that responds to ingested contaminants, in order to reduce their absorption and translocation. Thus, alterations in morphophysiological and enteric neurons in S. testudineus can be used as biomarkers of environmental contamination. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru Department of Marine Sciences Federal University of São Paulo, Santos Campus (UNIFESP — Santos), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89 Genetics Department Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru FAPESP: 2014/07793-9

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Environmental pollution with alkylbenzene hydrocarbons such as toluene is a recurring phenomenon. Their toxicity and harmful effect on people and the environment drive the search for sustainable removal techniques such as bioremediation, which is based on the microbial metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. Melanized fungi present extremophilic characteristics, which allow their survival in inhospitable habitats such as those contaminated with hydrocarbons. Screening methodologies for testing the microbial assimilation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are scarce despite their importance for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon associated areas. In this study, 200 strains of melanized fungi were isolated from four different hydrocarbon-related environments by using selective methods, and their biodiversity was assessed by molecular and ecological analyses. Seventeen genera and 27 species from three main orders, namely Chaetothyriales, Cladosporiales, and Pleosporales, were identified. The ecological analysis showed a particular species distribution according to their original substrate. The isolated strains were also screened for their toluene assimilation potential using a simple and inexpensive methodology based on miniaturized incubations under controlled atmospheres. The biomass produced by the 200 strains with toluene as the sole carbon source was compared against positive and negative controls, with glucose and with only mineral medium, respectively. Nineteen strains were selected as the most promising for further investigation on the biodegradation of alkylbenzenes. Center for the Study of Social Insects São Paulo State University (UNESP) GIRO Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon Basic Pathology Department Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Division of Microbial Resources CPQBA University of Campinas (Unicamp) Center for the Study of Social Insects São Paulo State University (UNESP) CAPES: 2013/01556-2 CNPq: 2013/01556-2 FAPESP: 2013/01556-2 CNPq: 312811/2018-7.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Chromium determination in different matrices is very important, whether due to the harmful or beneficial effects of this element. The quantification of chromium present at very low concentrations in foods and environmental samples requires the use of highly sensitive analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A major difficulty of ICP-MS concerns the overlap of spectral interferences with the analyte signal, which can be addressed using various strategies. In this work, a single method was proposed for Cr determination in different matrices, and the instrumental conditions were optimized with evaluation of the accuracy using CRMs of water (NIST 1640a), fish tissue (DORM-4), and soil (NIST 2709a). Statistical analysis showed that the best results for interference removal were obtained using a collision gas (helium) flow rate of 3 mL min−1, which provided the lowest LOD, LOQ, and RSD values, with the highest accuracies in the CRM analyses. Analyses were performed in water samples collected from fountains in the municipality of Ibirá (São Paulo State), as well as still and sparkling bottled water samples. Tissue samples from different fish species (Abrotea, Pangasius, and Tilapia) were acquired in a local market and, samples of sludge and sediment were collected at Mariana city (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The concentrations of total Cr determined in the samples of water (from 8 ± 0.1 to 34 ± 2 μg L−1) and fish tissue (from 0.056 to 0.084 μg g−1) were within the limits established by ANVISA, 50 μg L−1 for water and 0.1 mg kg−1for fish. The range concentrations in the sludge and sediment (from 127 ± 1 to 221 ± 2 μg g−1) exceeded the limit established by Brazilian Legislation (90 μg g−1), CONAMA. The analytical technique presented LODs from 0.0009 to 0.3 μg L−1, LOQs from 0.004 to 1.1 μg L−1, RSDs from 5 to 14 %, and recoveries from 91 to 105 % for the CRMs. Satisfactory precision and accuracy of the method were achieved, plus a single analytical method for all samples. São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Department of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science CNPq: 465571/2014-0

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:05:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572021000300205.pdf: 975011 bytes, checksum: b6cc1315f070bfda53f671da406659d9 (MD5) The chromosomes of two freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp., from the Amazon River basin in Brazil were investigated using integrated molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and cytogenetic analyses. Potamotrygon motoro presented intraspecific variation in the diploid number, with 2n=66 in the females and 2n=65 in the males, while Potamotrygon sp. had a karyotype with 66 chromosomes, in both sexes. The C-banding revealed the presence of heterochromatic blocks accumulated in the centromeric region of all the chromosomes in both species. The FISH assays with 18S DNA probes highlighted the terminal region of three or four chromosome pairs in P. motoro and seven chromosomes in Potamotrygon sp. The rDNA 5S sequences were found in only one chromosomal pair in both species. The interspecific genetic distance based on the COI sequences, between P. motoro and Potamotrygon sp. from Amazon River was 10.8%, while that between the Amazonian P. motoro and Potamotrygon amandae from the Paraná River was 2.2%, and the genetic distance between Potamotrygon sp. and P. amandae was 11.8%. In addition to the new insights on the cytogenetics of the study species, the results of the present study confirmed the existence of heteromorphic sex-linked chromosomes in P. motoro. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Departamento de Biologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The evolutionary success of anurans can be partially explained by the occurrence of free-living larvae. Tadpoles occupy several distict habitats, including the terrestrial environment. Semiterrestriality appears to have evolved seven times in anurans, and tadpoles of distantly related lineages have converged in a set of phenotypic characters, such as a depressed body, ventral mouth, massive, well-keratinized and laterally compressed jaw sheaths, low fins, and well-developed hind limbs. The semiterrestrial tadpoles of the South American family Cycloramphidae remain poorly studied. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of the external and internal morphology of these larvae, we comment on the systematic and evolutionary implications for the family, and finally, we discuss the convergent evolution of semiterrestrial tadpoles in anurans. We studied the external, buccopharyngeal, and musculoskeletal morphology of semiterrestrial tadpoles of 14 species of Cycloramphidae. These tadpoles are highly modified and present several character-states associated with semiterrestrial life. Most of them are unique and restricted to the family, such as the novel configuration of the muscles subarcualis rectus I, rectus abdominis, and levator arcuum branchialium III. We propose 13 new synapomorphies for Cycloramphidae and one for Thoropa. The presence of similar, homoplastic, character-states in all semiterrestrial tadpoles of unrelated phylogenetic lineages seems to suggest that these character-states are adaptations for semiterrestriality. Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET – FML) San Miguel de Tucumán Departamento de Biodiversidade and CAUNESP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Biossistemática de Anfíbios Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Biodiversidade and CAUNESP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2012/10000-5 FAPESP: 2013/20420-4 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2015/11239-0 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CNPq: 306823/2017-9 CNPq: 306963/2018-3 CAPES: 88887.364687/2019-00

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne α-proteobacterium that causes significant economic losses for the cattle industry worldwide, has been increasingly detected in other animal species. This agent has been previously detected in buffaloes and goats co-grazed with cattle in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of A. marginale in a multispecies (goats, sheep and cattle) grazing farm in the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A total of 119 goats, 71 sheep, and five cattle were evaluated. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the farm owner addressing age, gender, and presence of ticks. Serum samples from goat, sheep and cattle were tested for anti-Anaplasma marginale antibodies by a commercial MSP5-based on indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). EDTA-blood samples were screened for A. marginale- and A. ovis-infection by PCR using primers targeting Anaplasma spp. msp4 gene. Sequencing of the repeat region of the msp1α gene was used for genotyping A. marginale strains found in the present study. A total of 47/119 (39.5 %, 95 % CI: 31.1–48.4 %) goats and 2/71 (3%, 95 % CI: 0.7–9.7 %) sheep were seroreactive for A. marginale rMSP5 by the commercial iELISA. All cattle were seronegative for A. marginale. Anaplasma spp. msp4 PCR results revealed that two out of 119 (1.7 %; 95 % CI: 0.4–5.9 %) goats tested positive and all sheep and cattle samples were negative. It was not possible to sequence one sample. Therefore, the other sequencing sample found tandem repeats of A. marginale msp1α gene demonstrating that goat was infected with the genotype F/91. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were found parasitizing goats but not on sheep or cattle. Considering that in Brazil A. marginale genotype F/91 and the MSP1a tandem repeat F has only been detected in goats so far, we hypothesized that this genotype may be related to goats. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Universidade Estadual de Londrina Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP) Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory Departament of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná Department of Animal Science Center for Agricultural Sciences Universidade Federal da Paraíba Imunodot Diagnósticos Animal Diseases Research Unit Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University Global One Health Initiative (GOHi) The Ohio State University Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP)

The Vale do Ribeira region has a large extension of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and in most cities, low environmental impact activities predominate, such as sand mining. Sand mining has been trying to adapt their industrial activities to low environmental impact, aiming at the protection of permanent preservation areas (PPAs) of riparian forests. The objective of this work was to conduct a case study focused on monitoring and initial growth of forest species by 18 months. This study was performed in a riparian forest site on the Ribeira de Iguape River, Registro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a PPA with extraction of river bed sand. Forest species height, stem diameter and mortality index, and rainfall were evaluated in the period. Non-pioneer species accounted for 42.7 % of the forest, while pioneer species accounted for 53.1 %. These proportions are in accordance with local legislation, which establishes a lower limit of 40 % in planting for both groups. Drought periods and leaf-cutting ants at the beginning of growth stages contributed to a higher mortality index and irregular development of some species, however, even during such adversities, forest species indicated resistance to these conditions. Pioneer species had more important development, with emphasis onSenna multijuga,Alchornea triplinervia,Citharexylum myrianthumandTrema micranta, these species must be taken into consideration during the first stages of a project which aims at recovering degraded areas in riparian forests of Atlantic Forest., La región de Vale do Ribeira tiene una gran extensión de selva Atlántica brasileña, y en la mayoría de las ciudades predominan las actividades de bajo impacto ambiental, como la minería de arena de río. La extracción de arena ha estado tratando de adecuar sus actividades con menor impacto ambiental, apuntando a la protección de áreas de preservación permanente (APP). El objetivo fue realizar un estudio de caso con enfoque en el monitoreo y crecimiento inicial de especies forestales hasta 18 meses. Este estudio se realizó en un bosque ribereño del río Ribeira de Iguape, municipalidad de Registro, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, en una APP con extracción de arena de lecho de río. Se evaluó la altura de las especies forestales, el diámetro del tallo, el índice de mortalidad y la precipitación en el período. Las especies no pioneras tuvieron una proporción del 42,7 % del total y las pioneras el 53,1 %; las proporciones están de acuerdo con la ley local. Los períodos de sequía y las hormigas cortadoras de hojas al inicio del crecimiento de las especies contribuyeron para o mayor índice de mortalidad y al desarrollo irregular de algunas especies, sin embargo, incluso las adversidades, las especies forestales indican resistencia en estas condiciones. Las especies pioneras tuvieron mayores desarrollos, con énfasis enSenna multijuga,Alchornea triplinervia,Citharexylum myrianthumyTrema micranta. Estas especies deben ser tomadas en consideración al inicio del proyecto de recuperación de área degradada en bosque ribereño de selva atlántica.

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security, producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The region's ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier's removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein × Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement. Fil: Congio, Guilhermo Francklin de Souza. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; Brasil. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Bannink, André. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos Fil: Mayorga Mogollón, Olga Lucía. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Jaurena, Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; Argentina Fil: Gonda, Horacio Leandro. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia Fil: Gere, José Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Cerón Cucchi, María Esperanza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Ortiz Chura, Abimael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tieri, María Paz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; Argentina Fil: Hernandez, Olegario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-Santiago del Estero; Argentina Fil: Ricci, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. Grupo Vinculado Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado Al Ipads | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. Grupo Vinculado Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado Al Ipads.; Argentina Fil: Juliarena, María Paula. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Lombardi, Banira. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Abdalla, Adibe Luiz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Abdalla Filho, Adibe Luiz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Berndt, Alexandre. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Oliveira, Patrícia Perondi Anchão. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Henrique, Fábio Luis. Colegios Asociados de Uberaba; Brasil Fil: Monteiro, Alda Lúcia Gomes. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Borges, Luiza Ilha. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Ribeiro Filho, Henrique Mendonça Nunes. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Ribeiro Pereira, Luiz Gustavo. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Campos, Mariana Magalhães. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Machado, Fernanda Samarini. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Marcondes, Marcos Inácio. Universidade Federal de Viçosa.; Brasil Fil: Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti. Agencia de Tecnología Agroindustrial de Sao Paulo; Argentina Fil: Sakamoto, Leandro Sannomiya. Agencia de Tecnología Agroindustrial de Sao Paulo; Argentina Fil: Albuquerque, Lucia Galvão. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Carvalho, Paulo César de Faccio. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Hristov, Alexander Nikolov. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Cycloramphus bolitoglossus (Werner, 1897) is a rare species with a low population density in the Serra do Mar region of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil. Currently, it has been assigned to the Near Threatened (NT) category in the Brazilian List of Endangered Animal Species. Here, we described the karyotype of this species for the first time and investigated the patterns of some repetitive DNA classes in the chromosomes using molecular cytogenetic approaches. We isolated, sequenced and mapped the 5S rDNA and the satellite DNA PcP190 of C. bolitoglossus, as well as mapped the telomeric sequences and seven microsatellites motifies [(GA)15, (CA)15, (GACA)4, (GATA)8, (CAG)10, (CGC)10, and (GAA)]10. Cycloramphus bolitoglossus has 2n = 26 chromosomes and a fundamental number (FN) equal to 52, with a highly conserved karyotype compared to other genus members. Comparative cytogenetic under the phylogenetic context of genus allowed evolutionary interpretations of the morphological changes in the homologs of pairs 1, 3, and 6 along with the evolutionary history of Cycloramphus. Two subtypes of 5S rDNA type II were isolated in C. bolitoglossus genome, and several comparative analysis suggests mixed effects of concerted and birth-and-death evolution acting in this repetitive DNA. The 5S rDNA II subtype “a” and “b” was mapped on chromosome 1. However, their different position along chromosome 1 provide an excellent chromosome marker for future studies. PcP190 satellite DNA, already reported for species of the families Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, and Odontophrynidae, is scattered throughout the C. bolitoglossus genome, and even non-heterochromatic regions showed hybridization signals using the PcP190 probe. Molecular analysis suggests that PcP190 satellite DNA exhibit a high-level of homogenization of this sequence in the genome of C. bolitoglossus. The PcP190 satDNA from C. bolitoglossus represents a novel sequence group, compared to other anurans, based on its hypervariable region. Overall, the present data on repetitive DNA sequences showed pseudogenization evidence and corroborated the hypothesis of the emergence of satDNA from rDNA 5S clusters. These two arguments that reinforced the importance of the birth-and-death evolutionary model to explain 5S rDNA patterns found in anuran genomes. Departamento de Genética Setor de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Curso de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Positivo (UP) Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Research Highlights: The mean leaf angle and crown projection area can be used as criteria for grouping tree seedling species in different irrigation zones in tree nurseries with overhead microsprinkler systems, preventing water and fertilizer waste, and increasing growth. Background and Objectives: There are important gaps in current functional knowledge about how plant architecture, especially the mean leaf angles of tree seedlings, affect water and nutrient solution capture in overhead microsprinkler systems. These gaps contribute to water and fertilizer waste in tree nurseries. This research aimed to ascertain how mean leaf angles affect irrigation water capture, leaching, and the growth of tree seedlings given different volumes of irrigation. Materials and Methods: Nine species of tree seedlings with different mean leaf angles were submitted to four irrigation volumes (8, 10, 12, and 14 mm) applied daily by overhead microsprinklers in a split-plot design completely randomized. The variables leaching fraction, height, stem diameter, shoot, root, and total dry mass, Dickson quality index, crown projection area, root system quality, and leachate electrical conductivity were evaluated. Results: For species with mean leaf angles of &minus, 54, 31, 38, 42, 55, 57, and 58&deg, the 8 mm irrigation volume was sufficient to produce greater growth and less leaching. For species with angles of &minus, 56 and &minus, 14&deg, the 14 mm irrigation volume was required to produce greater growth. Conclusions: The tree seedling species with positive mean leaf angles facilitate irrigation water and nutrient solution capture, allowing the application of lower irrigation volume. On the other hand, some tree seedling species with negative mean leaf angles hinder irrigation water and nutrient solution capture, requiring the application of higher irrigation volume. When the tree seedling species have a negative mean leaf angle, but the crown projection area is small, the difficulty of water and nutrient solution reaches directly the substrate is attenuated.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Peach palm fruit mesocarp (Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) is already consumed in the Northern region of Brazil, after its cooking and is known as a source of starch and carotenoids and like all fruits it has low storage stability. This work characterized the starch extracted from the mesocarp of peach palm fruit using with water in terms of its physical and chemical properties. The SEM micrographs show that starch presented bimodal distribution (size 3.9–10.4 µm), while the smaller granules had a smooth surface and an oval or conical shape, the larger granules were spherical with holes and cracks on the surface. The starch presented low amylose content (

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 Dryadella comprises 54 neotropical species with a disjunct distribution in the Andean region and the Atlantic Rainforest. This work investigated the vegetative anatomy of 13 species of Dryadella, and Masdevallia infracta selected as an outgroup, to search for distinctive characteristics of the genus, characters to differentiate disjunct Atlantic Rainforest and the Andean groups, and the traditional infrageneric classification, based mainly in vegetative characters. Twenty-seven anatomical vegetative characters were analysed in light microscopy-LM and scanning electron microscope-SEM and evaluated by Cluster and Principal Coordinates Analysis - PCoA. Results from statistical and Cluster analysis exhibited morpho-anatomical similarity among Dryadella species. PCoA indicated separation between Dryadella ataleiensis and D. pusiola from other species with average support by silhouette analysis. The two most relevant characteristics to distinct clusters were the shape of the ramicaul in cross-section, and the ornamentation of leaf cuticle in the adaxial surface. Statistical analyses indicated that endemic groups of the Atlantic Rainforest and the Andean region do not present morpho-anatomical differences, and infrageneric sections are not supported by the characters investigated. This similarity may be related to the recent origin and rapid diversification of species, as shown in previous studies on Pleurothallidinae. Therefore, the morpho-anatomical characters observed here are stable and may be useful for taxonomy and genus characterisation. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP Campus de Rio Claro Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Av. 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199 Universidade Federal do Paraná Setor de Ciências Biológicas Centro Politécnico Departamento de Botânica Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade-UNIANDRADE Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP Campus de Rio Claro Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Av. 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199

Earthworms are often related to fertile soils and are also frequently used as environmental quality indicators. However, to optimize their use as bioindicators, earthworm populations must be evaluated together with the environmental and anthropogenic variables regulating their communities. This review sought to identify the earthworm-sampling, soil chemical and physical, and environmental and anthropogenic attributes evaluated in 124 published studies that quantified earthworm abundance (>7,300 samples) in 765 sites with different types of climate, soils, land use, and management systems in Brazil. Soil chemical and physical attributes (except pH) were less reported (≤50% of studies) than other environmental variables such as sampling date, altitude, temperature, precipitation, climate and soil type, and land use (>50% of studies). Earthworms were rarely identified (24%) and few studies (31%) measured their biomass, although most provided adequate information on sampling protocol. Based on their importance in regulating earthworm populations, a set of variables is proposed to be evaluated when studying earthworm communities and other macrofauna groups. This should help guide future studies on earthworms in Brazil and other countries, optimize data collection and replicability, allow comparisons between different studies, and promote the use of earthworms as soil quality bioindicators. Resumo: As minhocas são frequentemente relacionadas a solos férteis e, também, bastante usadas como indicadores da qualidade ambiental. No entanto, para otimizar seu uso como bioindicadores, as populações de minhocas devem ser avaliadas juntamente com as variáveis ambientais e antropogênicas que regulam as suas comunidades. Esta revisão buscou identificar os atributos relacionados à amostragem de minhocas, físicos e químicos dos solos, e ambientais e antropogênicos avaliados em 124 estudos publicados que quantificaram a abundância de minhocas (>7.300 amostras) em 765 locais com diferentes tipos de clima, solos, uso da terra e sistemas de manejo no Brasil. Os atributos químicos e físicos do solo (exceto pH) foram menos relatados (≤50% dos estudos) do que outras variáveis ambientais, como data de coleta, altitude, temperatura, precipitação, tipo de solo e de clima, e uso do solo (>50% dos estudos). As minhocas foram raramente identificadas (24%) e poucos estudos (31%) mediram sua biomassa, embora a maioria tenha fornecido informações adequadas sobre o protocolo de amostragem. Com base na sua importância para a regulação das populações de minhocas, propõe-se um conjunto de variáveis que devem ser avaliadas no estudo de comunidades de minhocas e outros grupos da macrofauna do solo. Isso deve ajudar a guiar futuros estudos sobre minhocas no Brasil e em outros países, otimizar a coleta e a replicabilidade de dados, permitir comparações entre diferentes estudos e promover o uso de minhocas como bioindicadores da qualidade do solo.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The substrate cost is a hurdle in the lactic acid (LA) manufacturing by microbial fermentations. Thus, this work aimed to optimize the production of LA by Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus acidophilus in a culture medium containing agro-industrial wastes, cassava bagasse (CB, 6–18%, w/v) and corn steep liquor (CSL, 4–12%, v/v). Initially, the optimal medium composition was defined; different fermentation times were also assessed. CB was used in natura or hydrolyzed by Rhizopus oligosporus' amylase. In a batch process without pH control, the LA maximum concentration (31.6 g/L) and productivity (0.11 [Formula presented]) were obtained by L. amylovorus using 14% (w/v) hydrolyzed CB and 10% (v/v) CSL. However, when a Fed-batch process was performed with pH control and using the optimized culture medium composition, high volumetric productivity (0.46 [Formula presented]) was achieved. The optimized medium's cost is 0.05 US$/L. These findings suggest a promising bioprocess for LA manufacturing from agro-industrial wastes. Instituto de Pesquisa em Bionergia (Laboratório Associado - IPBEN) Unidade de Bioprocessos Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio 2100 Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina Departamento de Engenharias e Exatas, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio 1000, Vila Guaraciaba Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Laboratório Central – IPBEN) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua 10, 2527 Instituto de Pesquisa em Bionergia (Laboratório Associado - IPBEN) Unidade de Bioprocessos Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio 2100 Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Laboratório Central – IPBEN) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua 10, 2527 CNPq: 122393/2016-3 CNPq: 1304523/2013-0 CNPq: 141472/2015-4 FAPESP: 2014/241881

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:29:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782020001000151.pdf: 1417891 bytes, checksum: 4351b20577fce68963a55ac8707f1779 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O caquizeiro foi introduzido no Brasil no final do século XIX. Esta planta é conhecida por sua rusticidade e produtividade. No entanto, a doença antracnose está causando queda e sintomas em frutos imaturos, ramos, flores e galhos no campo. O agente causal foi descrito inicialmente como Colletotrichum hori (confirmado usando apenas a região ITS) causando cancro de galho e sintomas de folhas. Neste estudo, comparamos a agressividade em caqui utilizando uma coleção de 13 isolados de Colletotrichum spp. obtidos de frutos e ramos de caqui da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Uma análise molecular multilocus foi realizada com base nos genes ITS, GPDH e EF, e os isolados foram confirmados como pertencentes a C. horii. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos em frutos não feridos e feridos, mas diferiram na agressividade. Apenas um isolado não foi patogênico quando inoculado sem ferimento em ramos. A maioria dos isolados foi capaz de causar cancro e morte de ramo, independentemente do ferimento. Neste estudo, enfatizamos a importância das novas brotações como fonte de inóculo primário. Para um próximo estudo, ainda é necessário ampliar as bases epidemiológicas com estudos em campo para estabelecer uma correta estratégia de controle desta doença. The persimmon tree is known for its rusticity and productivity and was first introduced to Brazil in the late 19th century. However, anthracnose disease is causing immature fruit drop and severe disease symptoms in persimmon fruit, shoots, flowers, and twigs. The causal agent was first described as the fungal species, Colletotrichum horii, which was first confirmed using only the ITS region. In this study, we compared the aggressiveness of 13 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from fruit and shoots of persimmon grown in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A multilocus molecular analysis was carried out based on ITS, GPDH, and EF genes, and we confirmed that the isolates were confirmed as C. horii. All isolates were pathogenic for unwounded and wounded persimmon fruit but differed in aggressiveness. Only one isolate was non-pathogenic when inoculated into unwounded persimmon shoots. Most isolates caused cankers and shoot death whether shoots were wounded or unwounded. In this study, we emphasized the importance of shoots as a source of primary inoculum. In future studies, it will be critical to further elucidate the epidemiological basis of anthracnose disease by conducting field studies to establish a more effective strategy for disease control. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR) Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR) CNPq: 562334/211-1; 304851/2013-2 ; 001 CAPES: 562334/211-1; 304851/2013-2 ; 001

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-21 The large amphibian genomes contain numerous repetitive DNA components that have played an important role in the karyotypic diversification of this vertebrate group. Hypotheses based on the presumable primitive karyotype (2n = 20) of the anurans of the family Pipidae suggest that they have evolved principally through intrachromosomal rearrangements. Pipa is the only South American pipid, while all the other genera are found in Africa. The divergence of the South American lineages from the African ones occurred at least 136 million years ago and is thought to have had a strong biogeographic component. Here, we tested the potential of the repetitive DNA to enable a better understanding of the differentiation of the karyotype among the family Pipidae and to expand our capacity to interpret the chromosomal evolution in this frog family. Our results indicate a long history of conservation in the chromosome bearing the H3 histone locus, corroborating inferences on the chromosomal homologies between the species in pairs 6, 8, and 9. The chromosomal distribution of the microsatellite motifs also provides useful markers for comparative genomics at the chromosome level between Pipa carvalhoi and Xenopus tropicalis, contributing new insights into the evolution of the karyotypes of these species. We detected similar patterns in the distribution and abundance of the microsatellite arrangements, which reflect the shared organization in the terminal/subterminal region of the chromosomes between these two species. By contrast, the microsatellite probes detected a differential arrangement of the repetitive DNA among the chromosomes of the two species, allowing longitudinal differentiation of pairs that are identical in size and morphology, such as pairs 1, 2, 4, and 5. We also found evidence of the distinctive composition of the repetitive motifs of the centromeric region between the species analyzed in the present study, with a clear enrichment of the (CA) and (GA) microsatellite motifs in P. carvalhoi. Finally, microsatellite enrichment in the pericentromeric region of chromosome pairs 6, 8, and 9 in the P. carvalhoi karyotype, together with interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS), validate the hypothesis that pericentromeric inversions occurred during the chromosomal evolution of P. carvalhoi and reinforce the role of the repetitive DNA in the remodeling of the karyotype architecture of the Pipidae. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética (PPG-GEN) Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Campus Rio Claro Laboratoire Evolution Genomes Comportement Ecologie CNRS IRD Université Paris-Saclay Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Campus Rio Claro

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence among slash pine open-pollinated progenies at an early age. Two progeny tests were established in a randomized complete block design, single-tree plots planted in March, 2009, in a 3 x 3.0 m spacing. One test was planted in Ribeirão Branco, São Paulo State, involving 44 progenies in 40 blocks. The other one was planted in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, with 24 progenies in 32 blocks. Growth and form traits were assessed five years after planting. Genetic divergence was estimated by using the Mahalanobis distance method. Two hierarchical grouping methods were compared: UPGMA and Tocher optimization. Both of these showed similar results and identified five and ten groups, respectively in Ribeirão Branco and Ponta Grossa tests. In order to avoid losses in genetic gain in subsequent generations, crosses should be restricted to individuals belonging to families in divergent groups. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Florestas Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Opossums of the genus Didelphis are considered synanthropic animals due to their close contact with human beings. Previously, two species of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been detected in opossums: ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphidis’ in the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and a potentially novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in the white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from Brazil. Accordingly, the aims of this study were as follows: (a) to determine the prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in free-ranging opossums, (b) to characterize molecularly the hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. infecting opossums and (c) to determine factors associated with hemoplasma infection in opossums from Canoinhas municipality, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. For this purpose, 50 white-eared opossums (33 captured and 17 road-killed animals) were evaluated by a pan-hemoplasma PCR assay based on 16S rRNA. Six out of 50 (12%; 95% CI: 5.6%–23.8%) opossums were infested by Ctenocephalides felis fleas. Twenty out of 50 (40%; 95% CI: 26.41%–54.82%) opossums tested positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. by PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S and 23S rRNA gene fragments confirmed that animals were infected by a potentially novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. previously reported in white-eared opossums from Brazil. No significant association was found between gender (p =.7759), trap area (p =.0887) or presence of fleas (p =.3811) and positivity for hemoplasmas. The potentially novel hemoplasma species seems to be highly prevalent in white-eared opossums from the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes along with epidemiological data, the name ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemoalbiventris’ is proposed for this novel organism. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade do Contestado Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Biologia Celular Instituto Carlos Chagas Fiocruz Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Teriogenologia e Saúde Única Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP) Global One Health initiative (GOHi) The Ohio State University Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Departamento de Patologia Teriogenologia e Saúde Única Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 Sharks exhibit peculiar characteristics, which may lead to overfishing to cause irreversible damage to stocks and failing to restore original population sizes. Although global fin trade has decreased since 2000 meat trade has increased, with Brazil figuring as the largest shark meat importer worldwide. Still, in Brazil, elasmobranchs are traded under the label “cação” making it difficult to monitor what species are actually being traded. To overcome elasmobranch fraudulent trade, molecular techniques have been developed aiding in illegal trade monitoring. Therefore, the objective of the present study was apply DNA barcoding technique (COI analysis) as a molecular support tool for the identification of shark species commercialized in the main fish markets of southern Brazil. A total of 650 base pairs (bp) of barcode COI from 231 samples were sequenced and analyzed, identifying 16 different elasmobranch species, being 12 shark species and four batoid species. About 43.3% of the total sampled consists of species listed in some IUCN risk category (e.g. Carcharias taurus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Sphyrna lewini, S. zygaena, Squatina guggenheim). A key step for conservation would be encourage the consumer to demand the correct identification of the meat consumed. Such an attitude may influence the decision of supermarkets and fish markets to purchase only correctly identified products, which in turn would lead to the need for specialists actively and constantly working alongside fishery landings. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO) Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Associação MarBrasil Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP)

In order to increase the successful development of recombinant antibodies and fragments, it seems fundamental to enhance their expression and/or biophysical properties, such as the thermal, chemical, and pH stabilities. In this study, we employed a method bases on replacing the antibody framework region sequences, in order to promote more particularly single-chain Fragment variable (scFv) product quality. We provide evidence that mutations of the VH- C-C&prime, loop might significantly improve the prokaryote production of well-folded and functional fragments with a production yield multiplied by 27 times. Additional mutations are accountable for an increase in the thermal (+19.6 &deg, C) and chemical (+1.9 M) stabilities have also been identified. Furthermore, the hereby-produced fragments have shown to remain stable at a pH of 2.0, which avoids molecule functional and structural impairments during the purification process. Lastly, this study provides relevant information to the understanding of the relationship between the antibodies amino acid sequences and their respective biophysical properties.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Primates are great fruit consumers and disperse intact seeds from most of the plants they consume, but effective seed dispersal depends, amongst other factors, on handling behavior. Likewise, the treatment in gut and mouth may alter seed fate. Overall, frugivore and folivore-frugivore primates are recognized to provide beneficial gut treatment for Neotropical plant species, but this effect might be overlooked at species-specific levels. In this study, we assessed the role of the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides), an endangered and endemic primate living in restricted fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, on potential quality of seed dispersal of native plants. Our main goals were to understand the effect of seed ingestion by this large-bodied atelid on germination of defecated seeds and in seed recovery by offering wild fruits of native species to captive individuals. We found that seven out of nine plant species were defecated intact and were able to germinate. Of those seven, one species showed enhanced and another showed decreased germination potential after defecation, while three species germinated faster after being defecated. The remaining species showed no differences from control seeds. The two non-germinating species were heavily predated, and average seed recovery was lower than expected, suggesting high levels of seed predation. The largest species offered (Inga vulpina) showed the highest dispersal potential. Our data support an overall neutral or potentially positive role of southern muriquis in seed dispersal quality for seven out of nine Atlantic Forest plant species, highlighting these primates’ potential to produce an effective seed rain. Zoology Department Setor de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR) Zoology Department Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Environment Department Institute of Technology for Development (LACTEC) Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia IPeC Zoology Department Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) FAPESP: 2017/07954-0 FAPESP: 2018/06634-5