Search

Nanoparticles reveal unique properties due to their application in many fields. The easy, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aerial part ...

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of the n-BuOH extract of Centaurea maroccana (BECM). The total phenolic and flavonoid of the butanolic extract of the plant were assessed by using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays, respectively, and the quantitative estimation of total flavonoids and phenols revealed the richness of the extract in these compounds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard lab colorimetric methods, while the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against C6 (Rattus norvegicus brain glioma) and HT29 (Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The n-butanolic extract of Centaurea maroccana showed a strong antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS•+, DMSO alkalin, Reducing power, β-Carotene-linoleic acid and CUPRAC assays. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activity against C6 and HT29 of Centaurea maroccana exhibited a high effect by the decrease in viability of both cancer cell lines. Our results suggest a possible use of Centaurea maroccana as a source of natural antioxidant and chemo-preventive agents against cancer.

Objective: Ruta tuberculata forssk. (Rutaceae) is an aromatic plant widely used in traditional Algerian medicine due to its pharmaceutical virtues against various disorders. This study aims to determine the phenolic profile of aqueous (RAE) and methanol (RME) extracts of R. tuberculata aerial parts and to investigate their acute oral toxicity, as well as their possible antiproliferative and hepatoprotective effects. Methods: Polyphenols were identified by quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Oral acute toxicity was performed according to OCDE guidelines. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and supported by biochemical and histological analysis of liver and kidneys. The antiproliferative activity against human colorectal HT-29 and ovarian OV2008 cancer cell lines was determined using SRB assay. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that RME has higher phenols and flavonoids content than RAE; however, its major identified flavonoids are Kaempferol, rutin, and naringenin. R. tuberculata seems mildly toxic at several doses, with oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. The significant increase in hepatic markers enzymes activities as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemic levels, caused by PCM-administration, was potentially reduced following the co-treatments with vitamin C and RME, respectively, compared to RAE. Moreover, RME-treatment markedly prevented all histological changes. Compared to RAE, RME (100 μg/mL) exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against both tested cancer lines (% inhibition ≥ 80%). Conclusion: Both R. tuberculata extracts (200 mg/kg/daily) were non-toxic and exerted a potential hepatoprotective effect against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Accordingly, RME may be considered a good candidate for the development of new therapies against colorectal and ovarian cancers.

This study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of two essential oils (EOs) from Algerian propolis. The volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty components were identified from the oils. The major components were found to be: cedrol (17.0%), β-eudesmol (7.7%), and α-eudesmol (6.7%) in EO of propolis from Oum El Bouaghi (EOPO) whilst α-pinene (56.1%), cis-verbenol (6.0%), and cyclohexene,3-acetoxy-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methyl (4.4%) in EO of propolis from Batna (EOPB). The antioxidant properties of EOPO and EOPB were determined using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC assays), respectively. Both EOs had more cupric ion reducing ability than scavenging ABTS•+ radicals. The antimicrobial potential of the two EOs against eight pathogens was assayed by the agar diffusion method and the mode of action was determined by microdilution assay. The results revealed that EOPB was bactericidal for all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungicidal for Candida albicans ATCC 10231, whereas, EOPO showed bacteriostatic effect against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and fungistatic effect against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Thus, the obtained results suggest the important use of propolis EOs as preservative agents.

Naturalproducts have gained the great interest due to their broad spectrum ofbiological activities. Galanthuskrasnovii was dried at shade then extracted with hexane, dichloromethane,and ethyl acetate successively. After removing of solvent by reduced pressure,crude extracts of each solvent were yielded. Antioxidant activity including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicalcation and reducing power assays were carried out for each extract. Moreover,total phenolic content was determined. Total phenolic content of hexane-,dichloromethane-, and ethyl acetate extracts were found as 60.95 mg GAE/gextract, 71.90 GAE/g extract and 58.90 GAE/g extract respectively.Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract revealed the moderate antioxidantactivity., Doğal ürünler genişspektrumlu biyolojik aktivite göstermelerinden dolayı yoğun ilgigörmektedirler. Galanthus krasnovii gölgede kurutulduktan sonra sırasıylahekzan, diklorometan ve etil asetat ile ekstrakte edildi. Düşük basınçta çözücüuzaklaştırıldıktan sonra her bir çözücünün ekstraktı elde edildi. Her birekstraktın, 1,1-difenil-2- pikralhidrazil(DPPH) radikal, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfirik asit) (ABTS) radikal katyon ve indirgeme gücü antioksidançalışmaları gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca, ekstraktların toplam fenolik içerikleribelirlendi. Hekzan-, diklorometan- ve etil asetat ekstraktlarının toplamfenolik içerikleri sırasıyla 60.95 mg GAE/g ekstrakt, 71.90 GAE/g ekstrakt ve58.90 GAE/g ekstrakt olarak belirlendi. Diklorometan ve etil asetatekstraktları orta derece aktivite gösterdi.

Plants have been used for medicinal purpose since ancient times. Due to the including bioactive secondary metabolites, plants have gained the great interest for drug discovery and development process. In this work, Galanthus woronowii was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate sequentially. After removing of the solvent by rotary evaporator, crude extracts were yielded. Antioxidant activity including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power assays were executed on corresponding extracts. In addition, total phenolic content was presented. Ethyl acetate extract included the most phenolic compounds and also it revealed the most antioxidant activity. Hence, this plant could be considered as a promising antioxidant agent.

Background: Traditionally, the Algerian medicinal plant Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire has been used for many diseases. The present research work aims to explore the chemical and biological characterization of its essential oil. Methods : The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of different Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Apiaceae) aerial parts samples collected from two different regions (Mahouane and Megres) from Setif, Eastern Algeria. The chemical characterization of the obtained essential oils is reported here for the first time. Besides, they were evaluated for their in vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity involved in Alzheimer’s disease using Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. Results: Additionally, their in vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Both activities were performed at various oil concentrations. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds) of E. thapsioides identified 47 constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main components, ranging from 72.78 to 99.13%. Oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ranged between 1.37 and 17.25% and 0.12 and 3.53% in essential oils from leaves and stems. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present in small to large quantities in the essential oils of both populations, ranging from 0.69 to 13.44%. The presence of m-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate was recorded in stems essential oils from Mahouane and leaves essential oils from Merges, which was 9.73% and 3.72%, respectively. Conclusion: The stems essential oils obtained from plants collected in Mahouane showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity. The highest anti-bacterial activity was shown by the essential oil obtained from Megres leaves against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The oils exhibited a moderate inhibitory activity in both tests.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), an aromatic and medicinal plant, is used for food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this work, quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds for commercial basil cultivars, which are Sweet (1), Purple (2), Lettuce (3), Brosh (4) grown in Tokat city in Turkey's ecology, were executed by Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Antioxidant activities of related genotypes were determined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)’s radical, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)’s diammonium salt and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The activity-compound relationship was revealed. Brosh (4) genotype revealed the most DPPH [296 µmole TE (Trolox equivalent/g DW (gram dry weight)], ABTS (706 µmole TE/g DW), and FRAP (650 µmole TE/g DW) activities. It was determined that rosmarinic acid was in the highest amount in all genotypes. Among the genotypes, it was determined that Lettuce contained the most rosmarinic acid with a value of 180460.6 (mg kg-1 DW).

Origanum genus belonging to the Lamiaceae family is aromatic and medicinal plant. It has been used in many countries for medicinal and pharmaceutical purpose. Aerial part of the Origanum syriacum L. was dried at shade. The essential oil was generated by steam distillation and compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. γ-terpinene (26.7%), thymol (26.6%) and carvacrol (22.9%) was detected as the mail constituents. The essential oil was tested for insecticidal activity against adult of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) using fumigation method. Essential oil revealed the excellent fumigant effect on R. dominica adults with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.124 µl/insect and 0.107 µl/insect for 48 h and 72 h respectively. LC50 values of S. oryzae were found as 0.173 µl/insect and 0.135 µl/insect for 48 h and 72 h respectively. As a result, essential oil of O. syriacum has a potency to be a natural insecticide., Origanum genus belonging tothe Lamiaceae family is aromatic and medicinal plant. It has been used in manycountries for medicinal and pharmaceutical purpose. Aerial part of the Origanum syriacum L. was dried at shade. The essential oil wasgenerated by steam distillation and compounds were identified by GC-MSanalysis. γ-terpinene (26.7%), thymol (26.6%) and carvacrol (22.9%) wasdetected as the mail constituents. The essential oil was tested forinsecticidal activity against adult of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) andRhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) using fumigationmethod. Essential oil revealed the excellent fumigant effect on R. dominica adults with a median lethalconcentration (LC50) value of 0.124 µl/insect and 0.107 µl/insectfor 48 h and 72 h respectively. LC50 values of S. oryzae were found as 0.173 µl/insect and 0.135 µl/insect for 48h and 72 h respectively. As a result, essential oil of O. syriacum has a potency to be a natural insecticide.

Collected blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) from freshwater sites throughout Tokat province and its outlying areas were isolated in laboratory environment and their morphological systematics were determined and also their species identifications were studied by molecular methods. Seven different species of blue-green algae collected from seven different sites were isolated by purifying in cultures in laboratory environment. DNA extractions were made from isolated cells and extracted DNAs were amplified by using PCR. Cyanobacteria specific primers were used to amplify 16S rRNA and phycocyanine gene regions using PCR. Phylogenetic identification of species were conducted by evaluation of obtained sequence analysis data by using computer software. According to species identification by sequence analysis, it was seen that molecular data supports morphological systematics.

Context:Origanum (Lamiaceae) has been used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Objective: Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. and investigation of their antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. Materials and methods: The aerial part of O. rotundifolium was dried and powdered (1.0 kg ±2.0 g) then extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Solvent (3 × 1 L) was used for each extraction for a week at room temperature. The aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate (3 × 1 L) to yield the water/EtOAc extract subjected to chromatography to isolate the active compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 D, 2 D NMR and LC-TOF/MS. Results: Apigenin (1), ferulic acid (2), vitexin (3), caprolactam (4), rosmarinic acid (5), and globoidnan A (6) were isolated and identified. Globoidnan A (6), vitexin (3), and rosmarinic acid (5) revealed the excellent DPPH• scavenging effect with IC50 values of 22.4, 31.4, 47.2 μM, respectively. Vitexin (3) (IC50 3.6), globoidnan A (6) (IC50 4.6), apigenin (1) (IC50 8.9) and ferulic acid (2) exhibited more ABTS•+ activity than standard Trolox (IC50 13.8 μg/mL). Vitexin (3) revealed the most antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HT29, C6 and Vero cells lines with IC50 values of 35.6, 32.5, 41.6, 46.7 (μM), respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Globoidnan A (6) has the most antioxidant effects on all assays. This has to do with the chemical structure of the compound bearing the acidic protons. Vitexin (3) could be a promising anticancer agent.

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is an aromatic and medicinal plant used as traditional medicine. Aerial parts of the plant material were dried and extracted with hexane-dichloromethane (extract 1), ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (extract 2) and methanol-dichloromethane (extract 3) in a ratio of 1:1 at rt successively. The solvents were evaporated to give crude extracts. Extract 1 was suspended in water at 60°C then partitioned successively with hexane and ethyl acetate to give hexane and ethyl acetate portions. After the column chromatography (silica gel) of ethyl acetate extract, one new and four known compounds were isolated. The new compound was named as 1(12S,18R)-15,16-epoxy-2β,6β-dihydroxy-neo-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-20,l2-olide-l8,l9-hemiacetal (teuchamaedryn D) (4). The known compounds were teucrin A (1), dihydroteugin (2), teucroxide (3), syspirensin A (5). The chromatographic methods were also applied for extract 3 to isolate verbascoside (6) and teucrioside (7). The structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including LC-TOF/MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR.

Echinacea is valuable for its pharmaceutical, medicinal and agricultural properties. Flowers and leaves of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. were extracted with methanol, filtered, and solvents were removed by rotary evaporator to get four separate extracts. The flowers and leaves of both plants were boiled in water then extracted with ethyl acetate to achieve another four extracts. Quantifications of chemical constituents of extracts were determined by TOF-LC/MS. The main compound of methanol extracts of E. purpurea and E. pallida leaves and flowers was cichoric acid. Caffeic acid was the chief compound of water extracts of both plant leaves and flowers. The antioxidant activities including DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging and reducing power were assayed and structure–activity relationships were postulated. Water extracts of both Echinaceae species of flowers and leaves revealed excellent antioxidant activities. Practical Applications Echinacea, which is a medicinal and aromatic plant, has been used for traditional medicine in many countries. The water extract of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. exhibited excellent antioxidant activities; therefore, these Echinacea species can be used as natural agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

BACKGROUND: Origanum majorana L., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has great potential and has been used as a folk medicine against asthma, indigestion, headache and rheumatism; in addition, the essential oils of this plant have been used widely in the food industry. Plant materials have been harvested from the Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Field of Gaziosmanpasa University. Air-dried plant materials were boiled in water, filtered, and the solvent part subsequently extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate. The chromatographic method was applied to the ethyl acetate extract to isolate bioactive secondary metabolites, the structures of which were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques: basically one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography. Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of isolated secondary metabolites were determined. RESULTS: 5,6,3 ′ -Trihydroxy-7,8,4 ′ -trimethoxyflavone, hesperetin, hydroquinone, arbutin and rosmarinic acid were isolated from the water-soluble ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of O. majorana. Antioxidant activities of isolated compounds and water-soluble ethyl acetate extract were investigated using assays of DPPH • ,A BTS •+ , reducing power and total phenolic content. Antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds and plant extracts were investigated against C6 and HeLa cell lines using BrdU cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and xCELLigence assay, respectively. Both hesperetin and hydroquinone were determined to have stronger antiproliferative activities against C6 and HeLa cells than the other isolated compounds and 5-fluorouracil. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the extract and isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activities. Hence this plant has the potential to be a natural antioxidant in the food industry and an anticancer drug. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.

Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet (Synonym Salvia cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Benth) has been used extensively for traditional medicine. The aerial of plant material was boiled in water then filtrated. The filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially to yield the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract. A sample of water was lyophilized to yield the water extract. Ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest antioxidant activity and included the most phenolic compounds among the extracts. Hence, ethyl acetate extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques. Ursolic acid (1), crismaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), 3,4-dihydroxyl benzaldehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) (5), caffeic acid (6), apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside (7), rosmarinic acid (8) and luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) were isolated and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. Cirsimaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), rosmarinic acid (8), luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) displayed the considerable antioxidant activity.

Cyanobacterium samples were collected from fresh water of Tokat city in Turkey, and then isolation and cultivation of Chroococcus minutus were achieved successfully. TLC (Thin layer chromatography) and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analyses revealed that the C. minutus consisted of norharmane as a major product. So amount of norharmane was determined during the growth process. Growth and norharmane production of C. minutus were executed under salt stress and pH stress conditions. The most growth and the highest production of norharmane were detected at 16th day. Therefore inoculation process was performed at 16th day. Salt stress was evaluated at 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 M concentrations. The most norharmane was synthesized by C. minutus at 5 M concentration. The norharmane production and the growth were higher at pH 9 than that of the pH 5. Most norharmane was produced at pH 7. Siyanobakteri örnekleriTürkiyede Tokat şehrinintatlı sulardan toplandı ve Chroococcus minutus’un isolasyonu ve kültürü başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirildi. İTK (İnce tabaka kromatografisi) ve HPLC (Yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografisi) analizleri Chroococcus minutus’un ana ürün olarak norharman içerdiğini gösterdi. Böylece C. minutus’ungelişim döneminde norharman miktarı belirlendi. Tuz stresi ve pH stresi şartlarındaChroococcus minutus’un gelişimi ve norharman üretimi belirlendi. En fazla büyüme ve en çok norharman üretimi 16. günde gözlendi. Bu bakımdan inokulasyon işlemi 16. günde gerçekleştirildi. Tuz stresi 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 ve 5.0 M konsantrasyonlarında gerçekleştirildi. En fazla norharman 5M konsantrasyonunda C. minutustarafından sentezlendi. Norharman üretimi ve büyüme pH 5’ teki şartlaragöre pH 9’ da daha yüksekti. En fazla norharman üretimi pH 7’ de gerçekleşti.

Inula species are medicinal and aromatic plants used for folk medicine extensively. In this work, hydrodistilled essential oil of Inula graveolens (Linnaeus) Desf. analyzed by GC-MS which revealed that bornyl acetate was the major product (69.15%). Camphene was the second major compound (11.11%). Antiproliferative activity of the essential oil and bornyl acetate was investigated on HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), HT29 (human colon carcinoma) , A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF7 ( human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cells and FL (human amnion cells) normal cells. The cytotoxicity was executed by a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Detection Kit. Essential oil and bornyl acetate displayed the outstanding activities on HeLa (IC 50, 64.1, 72.0 µg/mL), HT29 (IC 50, 24.6, 60.5 µg/mL), A549 (IC 50, 28.3, 44.1 µg/mL), MCF-7 (IC 50, 66.5, 85.6 µg/mL), and FL (IC 50, 42.1, 50.6 µg/mL) cell lines respectively.

Allium vineale’dan izole edilenkiseriol-7-O-[2''-O-E-ferulil]-β-D-glukosit(1), kiseriol (2) ve isorhamnetin-3- β-D-glukosit(3) bileşiklerinin kimyasal özellikleri teorik olarak araştırıldı. Bubileşiklerin kimyasal özellikleri hesaplanırken RHF/STO-3G metodu kullanıldı.Bileşiklerin optimizasyonu ve sonuçların değerlendirilmesi bu metodlagerçekleştirildi. Bileşiklerin özellikleri ortaya kondu, ayrıca teorik vedeneysel sonuçların karşılaştırılması ile ilgili bileşiklerin değişikalanlardaki kullanımları araştırıldı. Bileşiklerin antioksidan özellikleri dahaönce rapor edildi. Hesaplamalar, kiseriol (2)bileşiğinin kararsız ve radikal bileşiklerle tepkime verme eğiliminde olduğunugösterdi. Özetle, antioksidan bileşikler radikal bileşiklere kolaylıklahidrojen vermektedir., The chemical properties of chrysoeriol-7-O-[2''-O-E-feruloyl]-β-D-glucoside(1), chrysoeriol (2), and isorhamnetin-3-β-D-glucoside (3) from Allium vinealehave been investigated as theoretical. RHF/STO-3G method was used for quantumcalculations of chemical properties of these compounds. The structures of thecompounds were fully optimized and then the results were evaluated by thismethod. The properties of compounds were presented and the utilization of thesecompounds in various fields was investigated by comparison of theoreticalresults with experimental ones. The experimental antioxidant effects werereported previously. The quantum calculations revealed that chrysoeriol (2) was unstable and was prone to reactto the radical compounds. In brief, a good antioxidant can donate the electronto the radical compound easily.

Background Cyanobacteria, including pharmaceutically and medicinally valuable compounds attract the great attention lately. Norharmane (9H-pyrido (3,4-b) indole found in some cyanobacteria revealed a great number of biological effects. Objective Seven cyanobacteria were isolated and identified from Yesilirmak River and Gaziosmanpasa University Campus to determine the norharmane content. Materials and methods Cyanobacteria collected from Tokat, Turkey were isolated and identified by morphologically. Norharmane (9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole) quantities were presented for seven cyanobacteria, Chroococcus minutus (Kutz.) Nageli, Geitlerinema carotinosum (Geitler) Anagnostidis, Nostoc linckia Bornet ex Bornet and Flahault, Anabaena oryzae F. E. Fritsch, Oscillatoria limnetica Lemmermann, Phormidium sp. Kutzing ex Gomont, and Cylindrospermum sp. Kutzing ex E. Bornet and C. Flahault by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The norharmane amount indicated for cyanobacterial culture media altered in a species-dependent kind in the range of 0.81-10.87 μg/g. C. minutus produced the most norharmane among the investigated cyanobacteria as 10.87 μg/g. Conclusion Cyanobacteria could be an important source of norharmane as well as pharmaceutically valuable compounds. Summary Seven cyanobacteria were isolated and identified from Yesilirmak RiverQuantitative analysis of norharmane was executed on isolated cyanobacteriaFour cyanobecteria species included the norharmaneChroococcus minutus contained the most norharmane (10.87 μg/g). Abbreviations used: HPLC: High performance liquid chromatograph.

Natural products derived from plants play a significant role in drug discovery due to the revealing a large variety of pharmaceutical effects. Kickxia spuriawas collected from Bingol, Turkey. Aerial parts of the plant were boiled in water for 2 h then extracted with ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the solvent by rotary evaporator, the extract was subjected to column chromatography to yield the compound identified as 6,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone by spectroscopic method including 1D-, 2D-NMR, LC-TOF/MS. Antiproliferative activity of isolated compound was tested against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) cell lines by xCELLigence assay, and found out that the compound exhibited excellent activity., Naturalproducts derived from plants play a significant role in drug discovery due tothe revealing a large variety of pharmaceutical effects. Kickxia spuriawas collected from Bingol, Turkey. Aerial parts ofthe plant were boiled in water for 2 h then extracted with ethyl acetate. Afterevaporation of the solvent by rotary evaporator, the extract was subjected tocolumn chromatography to yield the compound identified as 6,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone byspectroscopic method including 1D-, 2D-NMR, LC-TOF/MS. Antiproliferativeactivity of isolated compound was tested against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma)cell lines by xCELLigence assay, and found out that the compound exhibitedexcellent activity.

Cynanchum acutum L. subsp. sibiricum (Willd.) Rech. f. was extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and water individually. A sample was heated in water then extracted with ethyl acetate. Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most antiproliferative activity, so isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out from this extract. A new compound, kaempferol-3-O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-rhamnopyranoside (1) along with five known compounds, quercetin-3-O-β-xyloside (2), kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (5), and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-neohesperidoside (6) were isolated from ethyl acetate extract. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, basically 1D NMR, 2D NMR and LC-TOF/MS. Antiproliferative effects of isolated compounds were determined by xCELLigence using the HeLa (human uterus carcinoma) cell lines. Compound 2 and compound 5 revealed the good antiproliferative activity against HeLa cell lines.

Several species of Echinacea, a perennial plant which belongs to the Asteraceae family, possess medicinal properties and are currently used in phytotherapy. In the present study, antiproliferative activity of methanol extract and isolated structures of pentadeca-(8E, 13Z)-dien-11-yn-2-one 1 and (E)-1,8-pentadecadiene 2 from Echinacea pallida roots on C6 cells (Rat Brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. Antiproliferative effect of the extract, isolated compounds, and cisplatin were tested at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100 μg ml−1 using BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA. The methanol extract and Compound 1 significantly inhibited proliferation of HeLa and C6 cancer cell lines.

In this study, the effect of Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney), C6 cells (rat brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. The antiproliferative effect of the methanol extract of M. nummuloides and S. major compared with 5-fluorourasil (5-FU) and cisplatin was tested at various concentrations using the BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA. Both M. nummuloides and S. major extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of Vero, HeLa and C6 cancer cell lines with IC50 and IC75 values. The M. nummuloides extract exhibited higher activity than 5-FU and cisplatin on Vero and C6 cells at high concentrations. The S. major extract revealed better antifproliferative activity than standards against Vero cells at 500 μg/mL. The compounds of methanol extracts were determined by GC-MS after the silylation process. Trehalose, monostearin and 1-monopalmitin were detected as major products in the M. nummuloides extract where as in the S. major extract; monostearin, 1-monopalmitin and hexyl alcohol were the main constituents.

The antioxidant properties of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L., Fam. Malvaceae) ethanolic extract was evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities. The extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. The concentration of 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL of ethanol extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) showed 85.5%, 91.2%, and 96.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, 100 µg/mL of standard antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and α‐tocopherol exhibited 94.5%, 99.1%, and 80% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. The extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities at same concentration (50, 100, and 250 ...

Erenler, Ramazan/0000-0002-0505-3190; Okten, Salih/0000-0001-9656-1803; Kul Koprulu, Tugba/0000-0001-9451-5715 WOS: 000346847200003 2,3'-Biindole (2) was synthesized via bromination of indole (1) with molecular bromine and underwent simultaneous dimerization. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of 2 was investigated in vitro on C6 (rat brain tumor), HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), and HT29 (human colon carcinoma) cells lines by using BrdU cell proliferation ELISA and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. In contrast to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 2,3'-biindole (2) significantly inhibited proliferation of HeLa and HT29 cell lines. According to LDH assay, the cytotoxicity of compound 2 was low on HT29 cell lines and high on HeLa and C6 cell lines. Moreover, 2 did not cause any DNA laddering on the DNA of tested cells; therefore, it is suggested that the mechanism of action of this compound may not involve apoptosis. In addition, 2 inhibited relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA by topoisomerase activity. Results of the present study indicates that biindole (2) may have promising anticancer and antitopoisomerase potential with an unknown mechanism of action. Kirikkale University Research FundKirikkale University [2012/122] This study was financially supported by a grant from the Kirikkale University Research Fund (2012/122).

From the hexane extract of berries of Juniperus excelsa, one new and four known diterpenes were isolated besides a known sesquiterpene. The structures of the known diterpenes were identified as isopimaric, isocommunic, (-)ent-trans communic and sandracopimaric acids, along with the sesquiterpene 4a-hydroxycedrol and the new compound which was elucidated as 3 alpha-acetoxylabda-8(17), 13(16), 14-trien-19-oic acid (juniperexcelsic acid). Cytotoxic activity of the hexane extract was investigated against a panel of cell line and found highyl active against LNCaP, KB-V (+VLB) and KB-V (-VLB) cell lines. Furthermore, the hexane and methanol extracts, and the new compound were found to be moderately active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) fruits including phenolic and flavonoid contents are consumed as fresh, dried or prepared in marmalade and its leaves containing cyanogenic glycosides have healing activity of a well-known Anatolian folkloric remedy. Herein, Cherry laurel fruits were boiled in water for 2 h then extracted with hexane, EtOAc and BuOH successively. Antiproliferative activities of extracts were evaluated on HeLa (Human Cervix Carcinoma), HT29 (Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma), C6 (Rat Brain Tumor Cells), and Vero (African Green Monkey Kidney) cell lines. All extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects on various cancer cell lines at high concentration. We assessed the ability of extracts of cherry laurel fruit to devastate the membrane of cells. Results indicated that cherry laurel fruit extracts slightly destroys the cellular membrane in tumor cell lines at high concentration merely. The results of this study not support the efficacy of cherry laurel fruit extracts as an anticancer agent for cancer cells, but it suggests that cherry laurel fruit extracts may be used through reducing cytotoxicity a potential adjuvant therapy to current chemotherapeutic agents. Fatty acids of hexane extract were also determined by GC-MS analysis and found out that linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid were the major products.

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Erenler, Ramazan/0000-0002-0505-3190; ERSANLI, CEM/0000-0002-8113-5091 WOS: 000240914400325 The title compound, C12H12Br4O2, is a derivative of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin), with 1,4-dimethoxy and 2,3dibromo substituents on the saturated ring and 5,8-dibromo substituents on the aromatic ring. The molecule occupies a special position on a twofold axis and the saturated ring has a half-chair conformation.

Centaurea solstitialis L. ssp. solstitialis (CSS) has been used as medicine for various diseases. In this work, root, stem and flower parts of the plant were separately extracted with methanol to execute bioassay-guided isolation. Antiproliferative activities of each extracts on C6 cells (Rat Brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) were investigated in vitro. The methanol extract of stem exhibited the most antiproliferative activity therefore isolation of active compounds was carried out for stem of the plant. Methanol extract of stem was boiled at 97 degrees C for 2 hours in water and then hexane and ethyl acetate were extracted sequentially. Solstitialin A 1 and 15-dechloro-15-hydroxychlorojanerin 2 were isolated from ethyl acetate extract by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic techniques. Solstitialin A 1 was isolated from CSS and 15-dechloro-15-hydroxychlorojanerin 2 was isolated from Saussurea lipschitz and Rhaponticum pulchrum previously. These two compounds exhibited very high antiproliferative activity on C6 and HeLa cells. IC50 and IC75 values of compound 1 were obtained as 10.78 and 53.65 against C6 cell and as 48.78 and 68.52 against HeLa, respectively. IC50 and IC75 values of compound 2 were determined as 432.43 and 109.79 against C6 cell.