Search

Genome wide selection (GWS) is essential for the genetic improvement of perennial species such as Citrus because of its ability to increase gain per unit time and to enable the efficient selection of characteristics with low heritability. This study assessed GWS efficiency in a population of Citrus and compared it with selection based on phenotypic data. A total of 180 individual trees from a cross between Pera sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and Murcott tangor (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata Blanco) were evaluated for 10 characteristics related to fruit quality. The hybrids were genotyped using 5287 DArT_seqTM (diversity arrays technology) molecular markers and their effects on phenotypes were predicted using the random regression - best linear unbiased predictor (rr-BLUP) method. The predictive ability, prediction bias, and accuracy of GWS were estimated to verify its effectiveness for phenotype prediction. The proportion of genetic variance explained by the markers was also computed. The heritability of the traits, as determined by markers, was 16-28%. The predictive ability of these markers ranged from 0.53 to 0.64, and the regression coefficients between predicted and observed phenotypes were close to unity. Over 35% of the genetic variance was accounted for by the markers. Accuracy estimates with GWS were lower than those obtained by phenotypic analysis; however, GWS was superior in terms of genetic gain per unit time. Thus, GWS may be useful for Citrus breeding as it can predict phenotypes early and accurately, and reduce the length of the selection cycle. This study demonstrates the feasibility of genomic selection in Citrus. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T23:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016M.DeonGMRGenome.pdf: 563165 bytes, checksum: fddf34ba0f27a1535a688be01db2966b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a reação de porta-enxertos de citros (Citrus spp.) a Phytophthora parasitica. As plântulas foram cultivadas em meio MS por 40 dias sendo, submetidas a fotoperíodo de 18 h, à temperatura de 25 ºC. A inoculação foi realizada através da inserção de agulha infestada com micélio de P. parasitica. A avaliação foi realizada aos 15 dias após a inoculação, medindo-se o comprimento das lesões em centímetros. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. Os resultados estão de acordo com as reações de campo dos genótipos e podem ser de grande utilidade em trabalhos envolvendo resistência varietal e seleção precoce de plantas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstocks to Phytophthora parasitica by in vitro inoculation. Seedlings were cultivated in MS media for 40 days, under 18 h of light of photoperiod and at 25 ºC. Inoculation was performed by injecting an infested needle into seedling collars. Evaluation was made by the length of lesions in centimeters. The experimental design was random with 15 replicates of each genotype. Results indicate good correlation between in vitro and orchard reactions genotypes to P. parasitica.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), Polerovirus, Luteoviridae, is one of the main viruses that infect sugarcane worldwide. The virus is transmitted by the aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a persis-tent, circulative manner. To better understand the interactions between ScYLV, sugarcane geno-types and M. sacchari, we explored the effect of sugarcane cultivars on the feeding behavior and biological performance of the vector. The number of nymphs, adults, winged, total number of aphids and dead aphids was assayed, and an electrical penetration graph (EPG) was used to mon-itor the stylet activities. Multivariate analysis showed changes in the vector’s behavior and biology on cultivars, identifying specific groups of resistance. In the cultivar 7569, only 5.5% of the insects were able to stay longer on sustained phloem ingestion, while in the other seven cultivars these values varied from 20% to 60%. M. sacchari showed low phloem activities in cultivars 7569 and Bio266. Overall, cultivar 7569 showed the worst biological performance of aphids, with the insects presenting mechanical difficulties for feeding and a shorter duration of the phloem period, and thus being considered the most resistant. We conclude that ScYLV virus infection in different sugarcane cultivars induced specific changes in the host plant, modifying the behavior of its main vector, which may favor or impair virus transmission. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV São Paulo State University—UNESP Dep. of Entomology and Acarology Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) University of São Paulo Sugarcane Research Centre Instituto Agronômico de Campinas—IAC Crop Protection Research Centre Instituto Biológico—IB School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV São Paulo State University—UNESP CAPES: 001 CNPq: 314181/2020‐2

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe disease of citrus caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter. In America, the most common species is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). In a previous study of the Citrus-HLB pathosystem, our group found differences in CLas multiplication in a population of hybrids obtained by hybridization between Citrus sunki Hort. Ex Tan. and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. cv. Rubidoux. The bacterial concentration was higher in C. sunki than in P. trifoliata. Thus, this study aims to map phenotypic (QTL) and gene expression (eQTL) data associated with host response to CLas in the linkage groups (LGs) of the previously constructed parental maps of C. sunki and P. trifoliata cv. Rubidoux. For the phenotypic analysis, we used a population of 79 F1 hybrids (termed citrandarins) between C. sunki and P. trifoliata. CLas and starch were quantified in the leaves of the plants two years after pathogen inoculation, allowing the classification of hybrids as resistant, tolerant, and susceptible. The expression of 14 candidate genes was measured in 72 hybrids of the population and used as expression data for the eQTL mapping. We located nine QTL and 52 eQTL in the C. sunki map and 17 QTL and 40 eQTL in the P. trifoliata map. The overlap of eQTL of the majority of genes with QTL from the phenotypic data indicates that the genes are related to the phenotype and are probably related to pathogen infection. Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Laboratório de Bioinformática Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Universidade Estadual de Campinas Hill Laboratories Departamento de Genética Instituto de Biociências Universidade do Estado de São Paulo Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de São Carlos

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 The brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and seaweed-derived products have been widely used as nutrient additions, biofertilizer and biostimulant in horticultural crop systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a seaweed extract obtained from whole brown algae (A nodosum) on seed germination and seedling growth of ornamental marigold (Tagetes erecta). The seeds of marigold were daily sprayed with 0 (control), 5, 10 or 15 mL L−1 commercial seaweed extract Acadian Seaplants™ (70 ml). The percentage, index and average time of seed germination, seedling height, fresh, dry mass of shoots, roots and root system morphology were evaluated. The results showed that the seaweed extract enhanced all parameters related to seed germination and seedling growth and development. The best results were obtained with 15 mL L−1 seaweed extract which increased by two-fold marigold seed germination and 84.00% seedling height, and both fresh and dry shoot mass and root morphology. We suggest algal extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum should be used as natural biostimulant on marigold crop, improving seed germination and seedling development. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-03 Intercropping forage grasses with upland rice is an alternative cropping system to improve agroecosystem diversification and could potentially enhance sustainability in tropical regions. However, nitrogen (N) immobilization and nutrient competition between rice and forage grasses could reduce rice grain yield and decrease overall productivity. Therefore, fertilizer N requirements of upland rice intercropped with forage grasses needs to be better defined. Field experiments were carried out during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox soil in São Paulo state of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments were cropping system [monocropped rice (Oryza sativa L.), rice intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha), and rice intercropped with guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) and sidedress N application rate (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1). Intercropped grasses were sown between upland rice rows 30 days after rice emergence. On average, intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass decreased rice shoot dry matter and grain yield by 11% and milled rice productivity by 10% compared with monocropped rice. Grain yield, grain protein, and milled productivity of rice increased as N application rate increased. Forage dry matter production (first and second cut) and crude protein (second cut) were greatest in the rice + palisadegrass intercropping system. Production of both forage grasses increased with up to 80 kg N ha−1 in the first cut and increased linearly with N in the second cut. Intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass with 80 kg N ha−1 application resulted in the greatest land equivalent ratio (1.96 and 1.55, respectively). Relative N yield was greatest at 120 kg N ha−1 (220 and 173%, respectively). Although rice monocropping had greatest grain yield, intercropping systems with forage grasses were more favorable from both economic and environmental perspectives by enhancing plant diversification, nutrient cycling with forage grasses, land use production per unit area, and profitability throughout the year. UNESP Department of Soil Science College of Agricultural Science NIOO-KNAW Department of Microbial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology USDA Agricultural Research Service NCSU Campus IAC Soils and Environmental Resources Center Instituto Agronômico de Campinas UNESP Department of Soil Science College of Agricultural Science

Glyphosate is the main tool for weed management in Brazilian citrus orchards, where weeds, such as Conyza bonariensis and Digitaria insularis, have been found with resistance to this herbicide. Field prospections have allowed the identification of a possible new case of glyphosate resistance. In this work, the susceptibility levels to glyphosate on three Amaranthus viridis L. populations, with suspected resistance (R1, R2, and R-IAC), collected in citrus orchards from the S&atilde, o Paulo State, Brazil, as well as their accumulation rates of shikimic acid, were determined. The fresh weight of the susceptible population (S) was reduced by 50% (GR50) with ~30 g ea ha&minus, 1 glyphosate, while the GR50 values of the R populations were between 5.4 and 11.3 times higher than that for S population. The LD50 (herbicide dose to kill 50% of individuals of a weed population) values of the S population were &le, 150 g ea ha&minus, 1 glyphosate, while the LD50 of the R populations ranged from 600 to 920 g ea ha&minus, 1. Based on the reduction of fresh weight and the survival rate, the R1 population showed the highest level of glyphosate resistance, which had GR50 and LD50 values of 248 and 918 g ea ha&minus, 1 glyphosate, respectively. The S population accumulated 240 &micro, g shikimic acid at 1000 &micro, M glyphosate, while the R1, R2, and R-IAC populations accumulated only 16, 43, and 33 &micro, g shikimic acid, respectively (between 5.6 to 15 times less than the S population). Enzyme activity assays suggested that at least one target site-type mechanism was involved in resistance. This result revealed the first report of glyphosate resistance in A. viridis reported in the world.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) In tropical regions, one of the primary difficulties in the sustainability of no-till systems is the maintenance of soil cover throughout the year. Intercropping corn (Zea mays L.) with tropical perennial grasses is an innovative approach to overcome this difficulty. However, the use of sidedress nitrogen (N) fertilization in this intercropping system remains incompletely studied. The effects of using sidedress N application rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha−1 N) on monocropped corn or corn intercropped with palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’] or guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximum (Jacq.) R. Webster ‘Mombaça’] with respect to leaf nutrient concentration, agronomic characteristics, revenue and land use efficiency were investigated over three growing seasons in the Brazilian Cerrado region on a clay soil, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox. In general, the intercropping systems of corn with palisade or guineagrass did not cause reductions in the leaf nutrient concentration, agronomic characteristics, kernels attributes, shoot dry matter and corn yield compared to that observed in the monocropped system. High sidedress N application rates promoted higher concentrations of nutrients in leaves (primarily N and P), corn yield, forage production and crude protein concentration in the off-season. Corn monocropped or intercropped with palisadegrass and guineagrass using 113, 156 and 187 kg ha−1 N resulted in the highest corn yields (9.2, 8.8 and 9.7 Mg ha−1, respectively). In addition, using these N application rates, corn intercropped with palisadegrass and guineagrass and subsequent meat production estimated on pastures resulted in the highest net profits (US$ 1196 and 1093 ha−1, respectively), whereas monocropped corn without N addition resulted in the lowest net profits (US$ 304 ha−1). Thus, forage produced during the off-season can be used for animal grazing or fodder during the dry season, increasing revenue. Corn intercropped with palisade grass with the addition of 200 kg ha−1 N resulted in a higher land equivalent ratio and relative N yield (1.21 and 123%, respectively). In summary, sidedress N fertilization in intercropped systems can increase crop and forage yields and revenue, improving land-use efficiency in tropical agriculture. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science UNESP Corn and Sorghum Research Center Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) USDA – Agricultural Research Service, 3218 Williams Hall, NCSU Campus, Box 7619 Soils and Environmental Resources Center Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science UNESP FAPESP: 2003/01968-7 FAPESP: 2003/09914-3

International audience; Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is highly polyploid and aneuploid. Modern cultivars are derived from hybridization between S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. This combination results in a genome exhibiting variable ploidy among different loci, a huge genome size (similar to 10 Gb) and a high content of repetitive regions. An approach using genomic, transcriptomic, and genetic mapping can improve our knowledge of the behavior of genetics in sugarcane. The hypothetical HP600 and Centromere Protein C (CENP-C) genes from sugarcane were used to elucidate the allelic expression and genomic and genetic behaviors of this complex polyploid. The physically linked side-by-side genes HP600 and CENP-C were found in two different homeologous chromosome groups with ploidies of eight and ten. The first region (Region01) was a Sorghum bicolor ortholog region with all haplotypes of HP600 and CENP-C expressed, but HP600 exhibited an unbalanced haplotype expression. The second region (Region02) was a scrambled sugarcane sequence formed from different noncollinear genes containing partial duplications of HP600 and CENP-C (paralogs). This duplication resulted in a non-expressed HP600 pseudogene and a recombined fusion version of CENP-C and the orthologous gene Sobic. 003G299500 with at least two chimeric gene haplotypes expressed. It was also determined that it occurred before Saccharum genus formation and after the separation of sorghum and sugarcane. A linkage map was constructed using markers from nonduplicated Region01 and for the duplication (Region01 and Region02). We compare the physical and linkage maps, demonstrating the possibility of mapping markers located in duplicated regions with markers in nonduplicated region. Our results contribute directly to the improvement of linkage mapping in complex polyploids and improve the integration of physical and genetic data for sugarcane breeding programs. Thus, we describe the complexity involved in sugarcane genetics and genomics and allelic dynamics, which can be useful for understanding complex polyploid genomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-15 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Bemisia tabaci is an important agriculture pests and vector of viruses. The MEAM1 species of B. tabaci, first described in Brazil in the 90s is now the most prevalent species and primary cause of the emergence of begomoviruses in tomatoes. The Mediterranean species (MED) was recently detected in Brazil and is a new concern for Brazilian agriculture. The potential impact of this species as a vector of economically important virus in Brazil is unknown. We therefore evaluated the ability of MED to transmit four whitefly transmitted viruses prevalent in Brazil, Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV, carlavirus), Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV, begomovirus) infecting beans; and the Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV, begomovirus), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, crinivirus) infecting tomatoes. The colony of MED harbouring the secondary endosymbionts was tested: 14% positive for Hamiltonella and 29% positive for Rickettsia. After six months being maintained on cotton plants, this colony changed the frequency of endosymbionts (97% of Hamiltonella and 1% of Rickettsia) and was denominated as MEDH. Additionally, a colony of MEAM1 (98% positive for Hamiltonella and 91% positive for Rickettsia) was also tested. The viruses were efficiently transmitted by MED, but transmission efficiency varied among the MED and MEDH, being CpMMV, BGMV and ToCV better transmitted by MEDH. Moreover, transmission efficiency of ToSRV and ToCV by MEDH was even significantly better than MEAM1. We conclude that specimens from B. tabaci MED are good vectors of virus infecting tomato and beans in Brazil and populations with Hamiltonella prevalence increased the virus transmission. UNESP – Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Centro de Fitossanidade Instituto Agronômico de Campinas UNESP – Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas FAPESP: 2014/047289-4 FAPESP: 2017/21588-7 FAPESP: 2017/50222-0 CNPq: 479101/2013-2

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic parameters and estimate genetic gains in two populations of Hevea brasiliensis. The first population of the study is originated from the primary forest of Rio Branco – Acre (wild population – PS), and the other population is originated from clonal matrices (improved population – PM). Thirty-seven progenies were evaluated at 23 years for PS. For PM, 31 progenies at eight years of age were evaluated for growth traits and dry rubber yield. Estimates of the genetic parameters were made using the univariate linear mixed-model additive model REML/BLUP and gains in selection by the Multi-Effects Index (MEI) method. The selection strategies of 50%, 40% and 22% of individuals for the character of dry rubber yield (PBS) and stem perimeter (PAP) using the multi-effects index revealed high and low selection gains in both populations. For MP, the strategy of selection between and within progenies was more appropriate and for PS, the individual selection. The gains obtained in the selection were 54% for the PBS character in the improved population of 0.46% for the PAP character for the wild population. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grasso/UNEMAT, CP 08, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/USP Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP Instituto Agronômico de Campinas/IAC Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-22. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:39:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572017000100220.pdf: 253021 bytes, checksum: e4d2891da99db8011f3117d309d60abb (MD5) Bacillus tem sido amplamente estudado e usado para o controle de pragas e doenças. O protocolo adaptado proposto por POLANCZYK (2004) mostrou-se mais eficiente do que o da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHO, 1985) para isolar cepas edáficas de Bacillus. No entanto, não foi avaliado quanto ao isolamento de estirpes endofíticas, que são muito menos abundantes na natureza e mais difíceis de isolar. Este estudo teve como objetivos comparar dois procedimentos metodológicos para o isolamento de Bacillus, o estabelecido pela OMS (WHO, 1985) e o de POLANCZYK (2004), quanto a sua eficiência para o isolamento de estirpes endofitas e edáficas de Bacillus originárias do interior do tecido radicular de cana-de-açúcar, bem como de amostras de solos associados, coletada de 11 locais; e comparar a densidade de bactérias em ambos os ambientes. As cepas endofíticas e edáficas de Bacillus foram isoladas por ambos os procedimentos. No entanto, o protocolo de isolamento realizado por POLANCZYK (2004) demonstrou-se mais eficiente por gerar maior número de unidades de formação de colônias (CFU) por grama de solo e raiz, indicando que esse procedimento é mais útil, especialmente para isolamento de estirpes endofíticas de Bacillus, que são muito menos abundantes na natureza do que as cepas edáficas, sendo, portanto, mais difíceis de serem isoladas. Usando o protocolo de POLANCZYK (2004), as cepas de Bacillus foram isoladas de todas as amostras de raízes (endofíticas) e de solo (edáficas) de todos os 11 campos, sugerindo que a raiz da planta pode ser outra fonte importante de isolamento de Bacillus além do solo. As densidades mais altas de Bacillus foram isoladas do ambiente edáfico em comparação com o ambiente endofítico, com diferenças significativas quando isoladas pelo método de POLANCZYK (2004). Bacillus has been widely studied and used for the control of pests and diseases. The adapted protocol proposed by POLANCZYK (2004) proved to be more efficient than the one by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1985) to isolate edaphic strains of Bacillus. However, it has not been assessed for isolation of endophytic strains, which are much less abundant in the nature and more difficult to be isolated. This study aimed to compare two methodological procedures for isolation of Bacillus, established by the WHO (1985) and by POLANCZYK (2004), regarding their efficiency for isolation of endophytics and edaphics Bacillus strains from inside the root tissue of sugarcane, as well as from the associated soil sample, collected from 11 locations; and to compare the density of bacteria in both environments. Endophytic and edaphic strains of Bacillus were isolated by both procedures. However, the isolation protocol performed by POLANCZYK (2004) made more efficient by having a greater number of colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil and root indicating that this procedure is more useful, especially for isolation of endophytic strains of Bacillus, which are much less abundant in the nature than edaphic strains, being therefore more difficult to be isolated. Using the Polanczyk protocol (2004), Bacillus strains were recovered from all roots (endophytic) and soil (edaphic) samples of all the 11 fields, suggesting that the plant root may be another important source for isolation of Bacillus besides the soil. Higher densities of Bacillus were isolated from the edaphic environment compared with the endophytic environment, with significant differences when isolated by Polanczyk method (2004). Instituto Biológico, Centro Experimental Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias Centro Universitario de Gurupi Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro de Solos e Recursos Agroambientais Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652015000200943.pdf: 701047 bytes, checksum: 5acdbf08edb890484f711fe744db05b1 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) Os óleos essenciais de folhas e inflorescências de Lippia origanoides Kunth apresentam potencial aromático e medicinal e têm sido utilizados no tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo melanoma. No Brasil, L. origanoides é comumente encontrada no campo cerrado e no cerrado stricto sensu, fisionomias caracterizadas principalmente pelas diferentes condições de luminosidade às quais as plantas de médio e pequeno porte estão sujeitas. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a densidade de tricomas glandulares e o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial em folhas e inflorescências de L. origanoides do campo cerrado e do cerrado stricto sensu. Para análise de densidade glandular, folhas e inflorescências foram processadas segundo técnicas convencionais em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os óleos essenciais de folhas e inflorescências foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e identificados com cromatografia gasosa. Brácteas e sépalas mostraram a maior densidade glandular, seguidas por pétalas e folhas. A densidade glandular na face abaxial do limbo foliar foi maior em indivíduos do campo cerrado. Em ambas as fisionomias, o rendimento de óleos essenciais foi maior nas inflorescências em comparação com folhas. A composição química dos óleos essenciais variou entre os indivíduos de diferentes áreas e entre indivíduos da mesma população. Nossos resultados demonstraram a plasticidade química de L. origanoides sugerindo a importância do monitoramento de seu uso popular. The essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth present aromatic and medicinal potential and have been used to treat several diseases, including melanoma. In Brazil, L. origanoides is commonly found in campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu, physiognomies featured mainly by the differential light conditions to which short and medium-sized plants are subjected. Our aim was to investigate the glandular trichome density and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils in leaves and inflorescences of L. origanoides from campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu. For glandular density analysis, leaves and inflorescences were processed according to conventional techniques for scanning electron microscopy. The essential oils of leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified with gas chromatography. Bracts and sepals showed the highest glandular density, followed by petals and leaves. The glandular density in the abaxial leaf surface was higher in individuals from the campo cerrado. In both populations the essential oil yield was higher in inflorescences than in leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oils varied among individuals from different areas and inside a same population. Our results demonstrated the chemical plasticity of L. origanoides suggesting the importance of monitoring its popular use. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica FAPESP: 2008/55434-7 FUNDUNESP: 0504/011/14

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:45:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-05722015000100150.pdf: 427286 bytes, checksum: 20ed0b4ec077d6f077f1197ae8e435bc (MD5) O presente trabalho visou avaliar a influência de diferentes tempos de extração no teor e composição química do óleo essencial da espécie Pothomorphe umbellata. Folhas de pariparoba foram coletadas em Cajamar – SP, no mês de junho de 2006. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tempos de extração (90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 minutos) e 4 repetições. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação e a análise química em CG-EM. O tempo de 180 minutos proporcionou maior rendimento do óleo essencial (0,42%), enquanto a composição química não foi influenciada pelos diferentes tempos de destilação. As principais substâncias identificadas foram: D-germacreno (65,5%), alfa-selineno (9,7%), trans-cariofileno (7,5%), e espatulenol (6,58%). Conclui-se que o tempo de extração afeta diretamente o rendimento e a proporção das substâncias químicas, recomendando-se a extração em até 180 minutos. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of different times of extraction in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of “pariparoba” (Pothomorphe umbellate). Leaves of “pariparoba” were collected in the municipal district of Cajamar – state of São Paulo, Brazil, in June 2006. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized, with six times of extraction (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes) and 4 repetitions. The extraction of the essential oil was accomplished by hydrodistillation, and the chemical analysis was performed in GC-MS. The time of extraction of 180 minutes provided greater yield of the essential oil (0.42%), and its chemical composition was not influenced by the different times of hydrodistillation. The main substances showed are D-germacrene (65.5%), alpha-selinene (9.7%), trans-caryophyllene (7.5%) and spathulenol (6.58%). The results of this work showed that the time of extraction affects the yield and the proportion of the chemical substances and it is recommended the extraction in up to 180 minutes. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Campinas, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

The primary focus of tropical forest restoration has been the recovery of forest structure and tree taxonomic diversity, with limited attention given to genetic conservation. Populations reintroduced through restoration plantings may have low genetic diversity and be genetically structured due to founder effects and genetic drift, which limit the potential of restoration to recover ecologically resilient plant communities. Here, we studied the genetic diversity, genetic structure and differentiation using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers between restored and natural populations of the native tree Casearia sylvestris in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We sampled leaves from approximately 24 adult individuals in each of the study sites: two restoration plantations (27 and 62 years old) and two forest remnants. We prepared and sequenced a genotyping-by-sequencing library, SNP markers were identified de novo using Stacks pipeline, and genetic parameters and structure analyses were then estimated for populations. The sequencing step was successful for 80 sampled individuals. Neutral genetic diversity was similar among restored and natural populations (AR = 1.72 ± 0.005; HO = 0.135 ± 0.005; HE = 0.167 ± 0.005; FIS = 0.16 ± 0.022), which were not genetically structured by population subdivision. In spite of this absence of genetic structure by population we found genetic structure within populations but even so there is not spatial genetic structure in any population studied. Less than 1% of the neutral alleles were exclusive to a population. In general, contrary to our expectations, restoration plantations were then effective for conserving tree genetic diversity in human-modified tropical landscapes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genotyping-by-sequencing can be a useful tool in restoration genetics. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T00:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GenomicDiversity.pdf: 1696141 bytes, checksum: d76d48e836129aae93b94e28ce94de2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-11

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Citrus sudden death (CSD) has caused the death of approximately four million orange trees in a very important citrus region in Brazil. Although its etiology is still not completely clear, symptoms and distribution of affected plants indicate a viral disease. In a search for viruses associated with CSD, we have performed a comparative high-throughput sequencing analysis of the transcriptome and small RNAs from CSD-symptomatic and -asymptomatic plants using the Illumina platform. The data revealed mixed infections that included Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) as the most predominant virus, followed by the Citrus sudden death-associated virus (CSDaV), Citrus endogenous pararetrovirus (CitPRV) and two putative novel viruses tentatively named Citrus jingmen-like virus (CJLV), and Citrus virga-like virus (CVLV). The deep sequencing analyses were sensitive enough to differentiate two genotypes of both viruses previously associated with CSD-affected plants: CTV and CSDaV. Our data also showed a putative association of the CSD-symptomatic plants with a specific CSDaV genotype and a likely association with CitPRV as well, whereas the two putative novel viruses showed to be more associated with CSD-asymptomatic plants. This is the first high-throughput sequencing-based study of the viral sequences present in CSD-affected citrus plants, and generated valuable information for further CSD studies. Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Department of Plant Pathology University of California Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) CNR Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:27:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:15:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052014000300006.pdf: 729110 bytes, checksum: 82f4275f27772c81e39a75c3a22a592c (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as famílias e destacar as progênies superiores de cana-de-açúcar oriundas de 38 cruzamentos biparentais para os seguintes atributos: tonelada de colmos por hectare (TCH), toneladas de biomassa por hectare (TBIOH), brix (% caldo da cana), teor de fibra, pureza, pol e açúcar total recuperável (ATR). Os dados foram analisados via modelos mistos REML/BLUP, em que o REML (Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita) permitiu estimar parâmetros genéticos e BLUP (Melhor Predição Linear Não Viciada) permitiu predizer os valores aditivos e genotípicos. A melhor família para os atributos TCH e TBIOH foi a 41, cujos parentais são as cultivares IACSP022019 x CTC9. Na seleção individual para TCH, a planta de n. 3 do bloco 2, do cruzamento 78 foi a que apresentou o melhor resultado. Para TBIOH, a planta n. 33, do bloco 1, da família 41 foi superior. As famílias 40, 41, 43, 68, 69, 79, 91, 92 e 147 foram superiores para as variáveis brix, pol, pureza e ATR, enquanto que as famílias 85, 147, 148, 149, 161, 163, 177, 178, 179 e 183 foram superiores para fibra. A família 147, cujos parentais são IACSP042286 x IACSP963055, mostrou três progênies entre as dez melhores tanto para brix quanto para fibra, o que identifica essa combinação como potencial fonte de progênies para produção de bioenergia. The objective of this study was to assess families and highlight the superior progenies of sugarcane originating from 38 biparental crosses for the following attributes: tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of biomass per hectare (TBIOH), brix (% cane juice), fiber content, purity, pol and total recoverable sugar (TRS). The data were analyzed by mixed model REML / BLUP in the REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) allowed us to estimate genetic parameters and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) to predict the additive and genotypic values. The best family for the attributes TCH and TBIOH was 41, whose parents are cultivars IACSP022019 x CTC9. In individual selection for TCH, the plant number 3 of Block 2, the crossing 78, showed the best results. To TBIOH the plant number 33, Block 1, family 41, showed the best results. Families 40, 41, 43, 68, 69, 79, 91, 92 and 147, were higher for the variables brix, pol, purity, and ATR, where as 85 families, 147, 148, 149, 161, 163, 177, 178, 179, and 183 were higher for fiber. The family 147 whose parents are IACSP042286 x IACSP963055, showed three progenies ranked among the top ten for both brix, and for fiber, which identifies the combination as a potential source of progenies for bioenergy production. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro de Cana Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal

Somatic embryogenesis is an advantageous tool in the commercial production of micropropagated anthurium plantlets. As such, the aim of this study was to establish a protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Jureia and Luau cultivars. Defoliated nodal segments, 1.0 cm in length and containing one bud, were used as explants. The experimental design was completely randomised, in a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivar: Jureia and Luau x auxin: 2,4-D, NAA and Picloram x concentration: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 μM), with 30 treatments in a scheme of plots split over time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days). The anatomy and percentage of embryogenic callus formation were analysed. The structures formed, analysed by scanning electron microscopy, corresponded to embryogenic calli. The Luau cultivar was superior in forming embryogenic calli. For the two cultivars, among the auxins under study, NAA demonstrated a greater induction potential for somatic embryogenesis, with the concentration of 7.5 μM giving the highest mean values. The 90-day evaluation period showed the maximum formation of embryogenic calli; however, mean values were fairly similar to the 75-day evaluation period. To induce embryogenic calli, therefore, it is suggested that the nodal segments be inoculated into a culture medium with added NAA growth regulator at a concentration of 7.5 μM, and that the explants remain in this medium for 75 days after inoculation.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T11:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program A novel flavi-like virus tentatively named Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus (DcFLV) was identified in field populations of Diaphorina citri through small RNA and transcriptome sequencing followed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of DcFLV, the largest flavi-like virus identified to date. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Inst Agron Campinas, Lab Biotecnol, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil CNR, Inst Sustainable Plant Protect IPSP, Turin, Italy Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil National Science Foundation (NSF): 1148897 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA): 13-002NU-781 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA): 2015-70016-23011 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program: 1148897

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-15. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:39:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572016000100233.pdf: 529930 bytes, checksum: 5d0865df9570dada2fa6d85e771f3748 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) O diagnóstico específico e a avaliação da intensidade da infecção helmíntica em aves são fundamentais em estudos de eficácia e determinação de doses de medicamentos direcionados ao seu controle. O presente trabalho avaliou a aplicação e adaptação da metodologia de Mello e Campos, descrita originalmente para diagnóstico parasitológico em cães, na recuperação de escólices de cestódeos parasitos de aves domésticas (Gallus domesticus ). Foram empregadas 52 aves naturalmente infectadas e oriundas de produções rurais, as quais foram submetidas à necropsia parasitológica, adaptando-se a metodologia Mello e Campos. O método consistiu na realização de quatro etapas: conteúdo, imersão, raspado e avaliação. O número de escólices recuperadas por ave variou de 1 a 4.345, e o maior número de escólices foi recuperado do material oriundo da etapa de imersão. As espécies de cestódeos identificadas foram Amoebotaenia cuneata , Choanotaenia infundibulum , Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona , Raillietina echinobothrida e Raillietina cesticillus . Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente, concluindo-se que a metodologia adotada é eficaz para a recuperação de cestódeos de aves, uma vez que possui a etapa de imersão, que permite a recuperação mais eficiente de escólices. The specific diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity of avian helminth infections are essential for efficacy studies and the determination of drug doses targeted to their control. This study evaluated the Mello and Campos method, originally described for parasitological diagnosis in dogs, in the recovery of scolices from cestode parasites of poultry (Gallus domesticus ). A total of 52 naturally infected birds obtained from farms underwent parasitological necropsy using the Mello and Campos method. The method consisted of four steps: content, soaking, scraping and evaluation. The number of scolices recovered per bird ranged from 1 to 4,345, and the highest number of scolices was recovered from material derived from the soaking step. The cestodes species diagnosed were Amoebotaenia cuneata , Choanotaenia infundibulum , Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina tetragona , Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina cesticillus . The Mello and Campos method, originally used to test for helminths in dogs, was effective in avian cestode testing because it includes a soaking step, which enables a more efficient recovery of scolices. Instituto Biológico, Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, School of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, School of Veterinary Medicine FAPESP: 2012/18929-3; 2013/03599-0; 2014/04097-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T17:51:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572016000100205.pdf: 633613 bytes, checksum: 485805fbee4fc3b2be4aa0d1b0242f38 (MD5) RESUMO: Avaliou-se a resistência de quatro cultivares de amendoim de hábito de crescimento rasteiro e cinco cultivares de hábito de crescimento ereto ao dano de Stegasta bosquella (Chambers, 1875) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em condições de campo na safra das águas, nos anos 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Os cultivares utilizados nos experimentos foram: IAC 147, IAC 213, IAC Caiapó e IAC Runner 886 (porte rasteiro) e IAC Tatu ST, IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 e IAC 88-1 (porte ereto). O delineamento adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas ao longo do tempo, e quatro repetições. Para a infestação de S. bosquella , foram realizadas avaliações semanais dos 18 aos 67 dias após a emergência (DAE), com contagem de lagartas e avaliações de danos. Para a contagem do número de brotos por planta, coletaram-se 5 plantas por parcela a partir dos 30, 60 e 90 DAE. Independentemente do cultivar, as maiores infestações de S. bosquella ocorrem dos 53 aos 67 DAE. O cultivar IAC Runner 886 apresenta a maior emissão de brotos apicais, uma característica desejável na defesa da planta em relação à S. bosquella . ABSTRACT: We evaluated the strength of four growth habit of peanut cultivars creeping and five cultivars of erect growth habit to damage Stegasta bosquella (Chambers, 1875) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under field conditions during the rainy season, in the years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The cultivars used in the experiments were: IAC 147, IAC 213, IAC Caiapó and IAC Runner 886 (runner) and IAC Tatu ST, IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 e IAC 88-1 (erect). The design adopted was randomized blocks with split plot over time, and four replications. For infestation of S. bosquella , weekly evaluations were done 18 to 67 days after emergence (DAE), with caterpillars count and damage assessments. For counting the number of shoots per plant, they collected up five plants per plot from the 30, 60 and 90 DAE. Regardless of cultivating major infestations of S. bosquella occur from 53 to 67 DAE. The IAC Runner 886 cultivar has the highest emission apical shoots a desirable feature in plant defense in relation to S. bosquella . Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto Federal Goiano Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:28:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2016000100163.pdf: 490518 bytes, checksum: 50e341f79823a8bbf1079fb58b4c8309 (MD5) The Brazilian poultry industry is an outstanding national and international agribusiness sector. Among the Brazilian states, São Paulo is the largest producer of commercial eggs and the fourth largest producer and exporter of chicken meat. Alternatively, semiintensive and/or organic poultry production have also obtained a significant share of the domestic market as a result of consumer demand. Helminths affect the performance of the birds, causing significant direct or indirect losses. The objective of the present study was to identify the main helminth species present in chickens reared in 17 municipalities of the state of São Paulo. In total, 359 adult birds were investigated. The birds were reared in different housing systems and were obtained from 69 farms in the selected regions. The birds were submitted to procedures for the detection and identification of helminth parasites, following international standards. The evaluation of the small intestine employed the Mello-Campos method (Mello & Campos, 1974), which allows better recovery of cestode scolices attached to the intestinal mucosa. Stereomicroscopy was used to evaluate the collected materials, and light microscopy was used to identify the species based on their morphological characteristics. The following helminth species were diagnosed in chickens reared in 17 municipalities of the state of São Paulo: nematodes (Ascaridia galli, Capillaria sp., Cheilospirura hamulosa, Heterakis gallinarum, Oxyspirura mansoni, and Strongyloides sp.), cestodes (Amoebotaenia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina cesticillus, Raillietina echinobothrida, and Raillietina tetragona), and trematodes (Zygocotyle lunata and Postharmostomum commutatum). Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal Instituto Biológico-IB/APTA/SAA Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC/ APTA/SAA Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária UNESP Departamento de Clínica Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária UNESP Departamento de Apoio Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária UNESP Departamento de Clínica Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária UNESP

The complex of leaf diseases that affect the passion fruit culture, especially the passion fruit (Passiflora allata) compromise the productivity and quality of fruits and their photosynthetic surfaces. However, P. allata is also used as a medicinal product, the leaves being the part used for this purpose. Thus, the focus of studies on the agronomic management of P. allata for the production of pharmaceutical raw materials differs, at least in part, from the focus on fruit production. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of broth and sulfoccal lime in different concentrations and ages of plants on diseases causing leaf blight of P. allata. The experiment was carried out under randomized block field conditions with five treatments and five replications of 10 plants each. The treatments were: a) Bordeaux syrup at 0.5 and 1.0%; b) 0.5 and 1.0% sulfocalcium syrup from a 27 ° Baumé matrix solution and c) control (without spraying). Treatment with 05% sulfocalcium spray promoted the lowest disease index and the highest relative control efficiency associated with the lower rate of disease development with the age of the crop., O complexo de doenças foliares que acometem a cultura do maracujá, em especial, a do maracujá-doce (Passiflora allata) comprometem a produtividade e qualidade de frutos e de suas superfícies fotossintética. Contudo, o P. allata, é utilizado também como medicinal, sendo as folhas, a parte utilizada para este fim. Desta forma, o enfoque de estudos voltados para o manejo agronômico do P. allata para produção de matéria prima para fim farmacêutico, diverge, pelo menos em parte, do enfoque da produção de frutos. Portanto, avaliou-se o efeito das caldas bordaleza e sulfocálcica em diferentes concentrações e idades de plantas sobre doenças causadoras de manchas foliares do P. allata. O experimento foi instalado em condições de campo em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de 10 plantas cada. Os tratamentos foram: a) calda bordalesa a 0,5 e 1,0%; b) calda sulfocálcica a 0,5 e 1,0% a partir de solução matriz a 27º Baumé e c) testemunha (sem pulverização). O tratamento com calda sulfocalcica a 05 % promoveu o menor índice de doença e a maior eficiência relativa de controle associada à menor taxa de desenvolvimento da doença com a idade do cultivo. &nbsp

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-22 Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Instituto Agronômico de Campinas IAC / Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira Université Laval / ERSAM Departamento des Sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire UNESP Departamento de Solos e Adubos Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” UNESP Departamento de Solos e Adubos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-70332015000200087.pdf: 632716 bytes, checksum: be05180f853f52d977f951f1a23dbfe1 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A murcha-de-curtobacterium é umas principais doenças do feijoeiro e o uso de cultivares com níveis de resistência é fundamental para o manejo adequado da doença. A reação de 54 genótipos de feijoeiro comum a um isolado de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) foi avaliada, assim como a colonização de cultivares e a obstrução de vasos de xilema primário da base de pecíolos de plantas inoculadas foram quantificadas. Ensaios conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação e laboratório evidenciaram resistência nas cultivares IAC Diplomata, IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, IPR Corujinha e IPR Tangará e nas linhagens P5-4-4-1 e C4-5-4-1-2. Uma menor velocidade de colonização por Cff também foi evidenciada nas cultivares resistentes (IAC Diplomata, IAC Carioca Tybatã e IAC Carioca Pyatã), assim como uma menor porcentagem de obstrução dos vasos de xilema primários na base de pecíolos, em comparação às cultivares suscetíveis (IAC Carioca e Pérola). Bacterial wilt is one of the main diseases of common beans and the use of cultivars with some level of resistance is fundamental for an adequate disease management. The reaction of 54 common bean genotypes to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) was evaluated, and the colonization of cultivars and obstruction of primary xylem vessels at the petiole base were assessed. In greenhouse and laboratory tests, resistance was detected in the cultivars IAC Diplomata, IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, IPR Corujinha, and IPR Tangará, and in the lines P5-4-4-1 and C4-5-4-1-2. The Cff colonization rate was also slower in the resistant cultivars (IAC Diplomata, IAC Carioca Tybatã, and IAC Carioca Pyatã) and the percentage of obstruction of primary xylem vessels at the petiole base lower than in the susceptible cultivars (IAC Carioca and Pérola). Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Instituto Agronômico do Paraná UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Proteção Vegetal

Hevea brasiliensis is a native species of the Amazon Basin of South America and the primary source of natural rubber worldwide. Due to the occurrence of South American Leaf Blight disease in this area, rubber plantations have been extended to suboptimal regions. Rubber tree breeding is time-consuming and expensive, but molecular markers can serve as a tool for early evaluation, thus reducing time and costs. In this work, we constructed six different cDNA libraries with the aim of developing gene-targeted molecular markers for the rubber tree. A total of 8,263 reads were assembled, generating 5,025 unigenes that were analyzed; 912 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) represented new transcripts, and two sequences were highly up-regulated by cold stress. These unigenes were scanned for microsatellite (SSR) regions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 169 novel EST-SSR markers were developed; 138 loci were polymorphic in the rubber tree, and 98 % presented transferability to six other Hevea species. Locus duplication was observed in H. brasiliensis and other species. Additionally, 43 SNP markers in 13 sequences that showed similarity to proteins involved in stress response, latex biosynthesis and developmental processes were characterized. cDNA libraries are a rich source of SSR and SNP markers and enable the identification of new transcripts. The new markers developed here will be a valuable resource for linkage mapping, QTL identification and other studies in the rubber tree and can also be used to evaluate the genetic variability of other Hevea species, which are valuable assets in rubber tree breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-014-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The taxonomy of the genus Manihot is still uncertain and the genetic origin of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) continues to be controversial. We studied the degree of genetic relatedness between cassava and two naturally occurring species (M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana) which are probably involved in the evolution of cassava, using RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. Thirty-three clonal accessions of cassava of known genetic diversity and 15 accessions of the wild species M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana were analyzed using 92 polymorphic RAPD bands and 73 polymorphic AFLP bands. The genetic markers were unable to differentiate the two wild species, which confirms their botanical similarity. Half of the total number of amplified bands were monomorphic in all of the genotypes evaluated. The mean genetic similarity (Jaccard) between cassava and the species M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana was 0.59. A grouping analysis (neighbor-joining method) with RAPD markers of cultivated cassava, M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana and the other wild species located the genotypes of cassava and M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana at one extremity and the three Mexican species (M. aesculifolia, M. michaelis and M. chlorostica) at the other. An intermediate position between these groups was occupied by two wild species (M. glaziovii and M. reptans) native to central and northeastern Brazil. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the species M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana gave rise to the cultivated species.A taxonomia do gênero Manihot em grande parte não está resolvida e a origem genética da mandioca (M. esculenta Crantz) continua controvertida. Na tentativa de contribuir para elucidar sua história evolutiva, as relações de proximidade genética da mandioca com duas espécies selvagens que provavelmente participaram da sua história evolutiva, M. flabellifolia e M. peruviana, foram estudadas através de dois tipos de marcadores moleculares, os RAPDs e os AFLPs. Para tanto, foram empregados 33 acessos clonais de mandioca de reconhecida diversidade genética e 15 acessos das espécies selvagens M. flabellifolia e M. peruviana das regiões central e norte do Brasil, importantes centros de ocorrência natural destas espécies. Noventa e duas bandas polimórficas RAPD e 73 AFLP foram utilizadas para análise dos resultados. Ambos marcadores foram incapazes de diferenciar as duas espécies selvagens utilizadas, confirmando a grande semelhança botânica entre elas. Em relação à mandioca cultivada, os resultados revelaram grande proximidade genética entre estas e as espécies selvagens. Metade do total de bandas amplificadas apresentaram-se monomórficas entre todos os genótipos avaliados. O valor médio de similaridade genética (Jaccard) entre a mandioca e as espécies M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana é de 0.59. As relações de proximidade genética entre a mandioca e M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana foram confirmadas quando outras cinco espécies selvagens foram também incorporadas em relação ao polimorfismo gerado pelos RAPDs. A análise de agrupamento (neighbor-joining) realizada com genótipos de mandioca, de M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana e das demais espécies selvagens reuniu numa extremidade os genótipos de mandioca e M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana e na outra extremidade três espécies mexicanas (M. aesculifolia, M. michaelis e M. chlorostica). Entre estes dois grupos se posicionaram outras duas espécies selvagens cuja ocorrência natural é na região central e no nordeste brasileiro (M. glaziovii e M. reptans). Embora não conclusivos, os resultados apresentados são coerentes com a hipótese de que as espécies M. flabellifolia e M. peruviana poderiam ter originado a espécie cultivada. No entanto, outras espécies pouco estudadas (M. procumbens, M. fruticulosa, M. pentaphylla e M. pruinosa) foram recentemente citadas como geneticamente muito próximas da mandioca. Assim, um estudo abordando maior número de espécies e com marcadores mais apropriados, a exemplo dos microsatélites, merece ser feito.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:00:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf: 240555 bytes, checksum: 95b6821f6ec42ae6b7705f0e9bbe0211 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf: 240555 bytes, checksum: 95b6821f6ec42ae6b7705f0e9bbe0211 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf: 240555 bytes, checksum: 95b6821f6ec42ae6b7705f0e9bbe0211 (MD5) S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf.txt: 24533 bytes, checksum: 94f78b9a558c47f56fc49753404acfe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf: 240555 bytes, checksum: 95b6821f6ec42ae6b7705f0e9bbe0211 (MD5) S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf.txt: 24533 bytes, checksum: 94f78b9a558c47f56fc49753404acfe0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf: 240555 bytes, checksum: 95b6821f6ec42ae6b7705f0e9bbe0211 (MD5) S0034-737X2011000600019.pdf.txt: 24533 bytes, checksum: 94f78b9a558c47f56fc49753404acfe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 A adubação com micronutrientes, como o manganês em gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, contribui para o atendimento das exigências nutricionais tanto das plantas quanto dos animais. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar os efeitos da aplicação de manganês no crescimento, na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha, em condições de casa de vegetação. Para isto, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação da FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, com Brachiaria brizantha (cv. MG4), em vasos com 3,5 dm³ preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Mn = 0,6 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, que corresponderam às doses de manganês (0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm-3), e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se, nos dois cortes da forrageira (primeiro corte, 35 dias após o transplantio e, segundo, 30 dias após o primeiro), as variáveis de crescimento, produção de massa de forragem, teor e acúmulo de Mn na parte aérea. As doses de manganês aplicadas aumentaram a concentração deste micronutriente no solo e nas plantas e a produção de massa de forragem no primeiro corte. A Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 apresenta alta tolerância ao manganês, atingindo elevados teores de Mn na parte aérea, mesmo sem provocar sintomas visuais de toxicidade. A fertilizer with micronutrients, such as manganese in tropical forage grasses, helps to meet the nutritional requirements of both, plants and animals. The objective of this work was to study the effects of applying manganese in growth, nutrition and dry matter production of plants of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A Rich.) Stapf in greenhouse conditions. For this, an experiment was conducted in the FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil. Brachiaria brizantha plants were cultivated in pots containing 3,5 dm³ filled with samples of an Oxisol (Mn: 0,6 mg dm-3). The experimental design was completely randomized design with five treatments that corresponded to doses of manganese (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg dm-3) and four replications. We evaluated the variables of growth, forage mass production, content and accumulation of Mn in the shoot in two cuts of the forage, the first, 35 days after transplanting and the second, 30 days after the first. The applied doses of manganese increased the concentration of this micronutrient in soil and plants, and the mass production of fodder in the first cut. The Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 has a high tolerance to manganese reaching high levels of Mn in the shoot without causing visual symptoms of toxicity. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Centro de Solos e Recursos Agroambientais UNESP FCAV Departamento de Solos e Adubos UNESP FCAV Departamento de Produção Vegetal UNESP FCAV Departamento de Tecnologia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Solos e Adubos UNESP FCAV Departamento de Produção Vegetal UNESP FCAV Departamento de Tecnologia

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:34:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782005000300005.pdf: 176140 bytes, checksum: 81d4b33eb147955533f381c34b51f582 (MD5) A enzima redutase de nitrato (EC 1.6.6.1) é a principal enzima responsável pela assimilação de nitrogênio pelas plantas e tem a atividade fortemente afetada pela disponibilidade de água no solo, por isso é usada como variável na avaliação das plantas em diferentes condições ambientais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo a padronização de metodologia para avaliação in vivo da atividade da redutase de nitrato em folhas e raízes de pupunheira com nove meses e um ano. As mudas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, e os ensaios realizados de acordo com método clássico de análise in vivo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. A atividade máxima da enzima em folhas foi obtida com tempo de incubação ao redor de 60 minutos, pH do meio de reação em torno de 7, temperatura de 35 a 37°C e concentração de nitrato entre 28 a 30mmolL-1. A atividade desta enzima foi maior em plantas com nove meses de idade. As folhas mostraram maior atividade da enzima quando comparadas com as raízes. A atividade da enzima redutase de nitrato variou ao longo do dia, com máxima obtida às 10:00 horas, mostrando a influência do período luminoso e do estado hídrico da planta. The nitrate reductase enzyme (EC 1.6.6.1) is the main responsible enzyme for the assimilation of nitrogen by plants and its activity is strongly affected by the soil water availability. This feature allows the use of this enzyme to evaluate plants in different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to standardize the methodology to evaluate in vivo the nitrate reductase activity in leaves and roots of nine months and one year old peach palms (Bactris gasipaes). The plants were cultivated in a nursery and the essays were conducted according to the classical method of in vivo analyses. The experimental design was entirely randomized with six repetitions. The results showed that maximum nitrate reductase activity for leaves was obtained with an incubation time of 60 minutes, pH 7, temperatures from 35 to 37°C and, nitrate concentrations between 28 and 30mmol L-1. The nitrate reductase enzyme activity was higher in nine months than in one year old palms. The peach palm leaves showed higher enzyme activity than roots. The nitrate reductase activity varied during the day, with maximum activity at 10:00 hs, indicating an influenceby light and leaf water potential. Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica Universidade Estadual Paulista de Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro de Horticultura Universidade Estadual Paulista de Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica