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Spontaneous proliferative activity of splenocytes in female CBA mice and the response of these cells to antigens of allogeneic male BALB/c and DBA/2 mice in a mixed splenocyte culture were evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation in different pregnancy models. ♀CBA×♂BALB/c mating was used for modeling physiological pregnancy. Spontaneous abortions were reproduced by abortion-prone ♀CBA×♂DBA/2 mating. In order to simulate immunostimulant-induced and immunostimulant-potentiated abortions, 0.83 mg/kg muramyl dipeptide β-heptylglycoside was intraperitoneally injected to CBA females mated with BALB/c or DBA/2 males, respectively, on gestation days 5 and 7. The increase in the rate of embryo resorption in the models of spontaneous, induced, and potentiated abortions occurred against the background of an increase in the level of spontaneous proliferation of splenocytes and a decrease in their reactivity to paternal antigens on gestation day 9.

Inbred animals serve as an adequate model to study the role of genetic factors in adaptive, disadaptive, and pathological processes. Morphofunctional study of the immune system was performed on intact BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. The structural and functional parameters of the immune system in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice differ under physiological conditions. In BALB/c mice, volume density of T zone in the spleen and production of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α were much higher than in C57Bl/6 mice. However, IL-12 production in BALB/c mice was lower than in C57Bl/6 mice. C57Bl/6 mice were characterized by higher cytostatic activity of splenic NK cells. The observed interstrain differences are genetically determined and contribute to the type of adaptive processes and different sensitivity of these mice to pathogenic agents.

We analyzed the possibility of using fetal stem and progenitor cells for the treatment of various pathologies. A comparative characteristic of stem cells from fetuses and adult donors is presented and advantages of the use of fetal biometerial for biotransplantation are described. The main tissue sources of fetal stem cells are characterized and experimental and clinical data on the use of fetal cells for cytotherapy are presented.

The time course of morphofunctional changes in the liver, thymus, and spleen was observed in BALB/c mice with Con A-induced experimental hepatitis. The progress of alterative changes in the liver was paralleled by intensification of accidental involution of the thymus. On day 1 of hepatitis development high proliferative and cytostatic activity of splenocytes was paralleled by hemorrhagic necroses and depletion of the peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheaths in the spleen (T-zones), presumably due to migration of activated lymphocytes to the liver and barrier tissues. Later normalization of lymphocyte proliferative activity was paralleled by recovery and hyperplasia of the splenic T-cell zones.

Fibroblast precursors of hemopoietic organs of 72 embryos and fetuses 5-27 weeks of age have been studied. The study has shown that the increase in the number of clonogenic fibroblasts took place in the bone marrow and spleen 2-3 weeks before the beginning of hemopoiesis, that is during the period of the highest hemopoietic stem cell concentration. These data suggest possible participation of stromal fibroblasts of hemopoietic organs in the formation of microenvironment for hemopoietic stem cell functioning.

The authors study the effect of compound B 58, a synthetic interferon inducer, on activity of natural killer cells (NKC) and cytostatic effectors in the mouse spleen. NKC activity in the spleen was determined in the 4-hour microtoxicity test against VAC-1 target cells labeled with /sup 51/Cr. /sup 3/H-thymidine was added to the effectors and targets. An increase in activity of the cellular mechanisms of natural antitumor resistance arising under the influence of compound B 58 is shown.