198,855 results
Search Results
102. Smartphone-coupled three-layered paper-based microfluidic chips demonstrating stereoscopic capillary-driven fluid transport towards colorimetric detection of pesticides
- Author
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Hongjiao, Wu, Jiaqi, Chen, Yi, Yang, Weitai, Yu, Ying, Chen, Pengcheng, Lin, and Ke, Liang
- Subjects
Paper ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Colorimetry ,Smartphone ,Pesticides ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The existence of pesticide residues in the hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere can cause acute or chronic diseases and deteriorate the environment. Therefore, efficient detection of pesticide residues is of great significance to prevent food poisoning, control food pollution, and protect human lives by recognizing their distribution and concentration. Herein, a novel smartphone-coupled three-layered paper-based microfluidic chip is proposed as a facile platform to detect the pesticides. The stereoscopic capillary-driven fluid transport is enabled by the three-layered microfluidic chip configuration. The detection mechanism is based on the enzyme inhibition reaction and the chromatic reaction. The detection results are obtained by a smartphone and figured out by colorimetric quantitative analysis. Taking advantages of the above merits, we demonstrate the utilization of this smartphone-coupled three-layered paper-based microfluidic chip for the effective analysis of typical pesticides (profenofo and methomyl). The linear ranges of profenofo and methomyl are 0.27-2.1 μmol L
- Published
- 2022
103. Rapid and inexpensive process to fabricate paper based microfluidic devices using a cut and heat plastic lamination process
- Author
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Nityanand Kumawat, Soja Saghar Soman, Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman, and Sunil Kumar
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Paper ,Mice ,Hot Temperature ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Biomedical Engineering ,Animals ,Humans ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Plastics ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as simple-to-use, low-cost point-of-care testing platforms. Such devices are mostly fabricated at present by creating hydrophobic barriers using wax or photoresist patterning on porous paper sheets. Even though devices fabricated using these methods are used and tested with a wide variety of analytes, still they pose many serious practical limitations for low-cost automated mass fabrication for their widespread applicability. We present an affordable and simple two-step process - cut and heat (CH-microPADs) - for the selective fabrication of hydrophilic channels and reservoirs on a wide variety of porous media such as tissue/printing/filter paper and cloth types, such as cotton and polyester, by a lamination process. The technique presents many advantages as compared to existing commonly used methods. The devices possess excellent mechanical strength against bending, folding and twisting, making them virtually unbreakable. They are structurally flexible and show good chemical resistance to various solvents, acids and bases, presenting widespread applicability in areas such as clinical diagnostics, biological sensing applications, food processing, and the chemical industry. Fabricated paper media 96 well-plate CH-microPAD configurations were tested for cell culture applications using mice embryonic fibroblasts and detection of proteins and enzymes using ELISA. With a simple two-step process and minimal human intervention, the technique presents a promising step towards mass fabrication of inexpensive disposable diagnostic devices for both resource-limited and developed regions.
- Published
- 2022
104. Peroxidase-Like Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Filter Paper and its Potential Application for Sensing
- Author
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Kuda Feke and Melisew Tadele Alula
- Subjects
Filter paper ,Thiocyanate ,Chemistry ,Nanochemistry ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry ,Silver nanoparticle ,Catalysis ,Nanomaterials ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Raman spectroscopy ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Nanozymes are nanomaterials that possess intrinsic enzyme mimicking activity. In this study, the application of silver nanoparticles coated filter paper (AgNPs/FP) that exhibits a peroxidase-like catalytic activity as a potential sensor is reported. A simple chemical reduction method was used to produce AgNPs/FP. The formation of the particles on filter paper were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, AgNPs/FP oxidized the colorless o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solutions to a yellow colored 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) and deep blue colored oxidized TMB (oxTMB), respectively. In the presence of thiocyanate, however, the peroxidase-like activity was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. This makes the AgNPs/FP a promising catalyst and employed for colorimetric detection of thiocyanate via inhibition of the peroxidase-like activity. The application can be further extended to other environmentally and biologically important analytes.
- Published
- 2021
105. Development of a Paper-Based Analytical Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Calcium in Saliva Samples
- Author
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Maria Tarara, Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras, and George Z. Tsogas
- Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,paper-based analytical devices ,colorimetric determination ,calcium ,methylthymol blue ,saliva samples ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
A novel, rapid, and facile method for the colorimetric determination of calcium using micro-analytical paper-based devices (μ-PADs) was developed. The proposed analytical method utilizes the color differences developing, after the addition of calcium, on the surface of the devices because of the complexation reaction of calcium with Methylthymol Blue (MTB) at room temperature, in alkaline pH. The devices were manufactured with chromatographic paper, using wax barriers, and the analytical protocol was easily implemented without the need of any experimental apparatus except for a simple imaging device. The user must regulate the pH, add the solutions on the paper, and measure the color intensity of the formed Ca(II)–MTB complex with a flatbed scanner. The experimental conditions for optimum color development, the possible interfering substances, and the reliability of the paper devices in different preserving conditions were optimized, with satisfactory results. The method exhibited acceptable detection limits (2.9 mg L−1) with sufficiently good precision, which varied from 4.2% (intra-day) to 6.4% (inter-day). Saliva samples from healthy volunteers were successfully analyzed, and the calcium levels were calculated in the range of 30.71 to 84.15 mg L−1.
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- 2022
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106. Rationalization of In-Situ Synthesized Plasmonic Paper for Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Ocular Fluids
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Hyeok Jung Kim, Jiwoo Hyung, and Hyeran Noh
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gold nanoparticles ,nanocomposite ,glucose ,tear ,plasmonic ,paper-based ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Tear glucose is an intriguing biofluid that includes potential biomarkers. While many sensors have emerged nowadays, there is still demand for advanced sensors with nonenzymatic, simple, cost-effective sensing mechanism. Herein, we present a paper-based colorimetric assay by utilizing a gold nanoparticle formation. Experimental characterization substantiated a mechanism in this in situ reduction. Scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrometry, etc. were involved in the scrutiny. As a result, we reached for the rationale whereas the particle formation can be utilized for a glucose sensing using tears. This paper-based detection was insusceptible to physiological tear matrix, i.e., chloride ion effect, false-positive error and synergistic effect by antioxidants. In addition, we evaluated its analytical performance in an artificial tear assay. Of the obtained a linear regressions, the concentration range corresponded to the physiological or pathologic reference range. In addition, within the low-concentration range, a high correlation was resulted 0.965. Furthermore, we investigated statistical validation by employing the Bland–Altman plot. In the end sections of this paper, we denoted its ready-to-use merits by simplicity—as well as the further application of our plasmonic paper.
- Published
- 2020
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107. Design of A Low-Cost and Disposable Paper-Based Immunosensor for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1
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Fernanda L. Migliorini, Danilo M. dos Santos, Andrey C. Soares, Luiz H. C. Mattoso, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, and Daniel S. Correa
- Subjects
disposable immunosensor ,electrochemical detection ,aflatoxin B1 ,chitosan ,carbon nanotubes ,paper-based sensor ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
We report a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor made with sustainable materials to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic, carcinogenic mycotoxin found in food. The immunosensor was prepared with a waterproof paper substrate and low-cost graphite-based conductive ink through a simple cut-printing method. The working electrode was functionalized with a drop-cast film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/chitosan on which a layer of anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibodies was immobilized covalently. The architecture of the immunosensor was confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), including the effective immobilization of the active layer of anti-AFB1. With EIS as the principle of detection, the immunosensor could detect AFB1 in the range from 1 to 30 ng·mL−1, and detection limit of 0.62 ng·mL−1. This sensitivity is sufficient to detect AFB1 in food according to regulatory agencies. The immunosensor exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity in experiments with a possible interferent. Furthermore, detection of AFB1 in maize flour samples yielded recovery of 97–99%, in a demonstration of the possible use of the paper-based immunosensor to detect AFB1 using extraction solutions from food samples.
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- 2020
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108. Wicking in Paper Strips under Consideration of Liquid Absorption Capacity
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Surasak Kasetsirikul, Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky, and Nam-Trung Nguyen
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paper-based microfluidics ,electrical circuit analogy ,absorption capacity ,wicking ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices have the potential of being a low-cost platform for diagnostic devices. Electrical circuit analogy (ECA) model has been used to model the wicking process in paper-based microfluidic devices. However, material characteristics such as absorption capacity cannot be included in the previous ECA models. This paper proposes a new model to describe the wicking process with liquid absorption in a paper strip. We observed that the fluid continues to flow in a paper strip, even after the fluid reservoir has been removed. This phenomenon is caused by the ability of the paper to store liquid in its matrix. The model presented in this paper is derived from the analogy to the current response of an electric circuit with a capacitance. All coefficients in the model are fitted with data of capillary rise experiments and compared with direct measurement of the absorption capacity. The theoretical data of the model agrees well with experimental data and the conventional Washburn model. Considering liquid absorption capacity as a capacitance helps to explain the relationship between material characteristics and the wicking mechanism.
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- 2020
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109. Supply And Installation Of Semi Automatic Biochemistry Analyser, Binocular Microscope, Cotton, Syringe 5cc, Whatmann No.1 Filter Paper, Cappillary Tube, Lancet, Test Tube 15x125 Mm, Tourniquet, Cover Slip, Esr Pipette (westegrens), Spirit Lamp (glass), Gl
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Biochemistry ,Medical supplies -- Installation ,Technology installation instructions ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Supply and installation of Semi Automatic Biochemistry Analyser, Binocular microscope, Cotton, Syringe 5cc, Whatmann no.1 filter paper, Cappillary tube, Lancet, Test tube 15x125 mm, Tourniquet, Cover [...]
- Published
- 2023
110. Paper-based aptamer-antibody biosensor for gluten detection in a deep eutectic solvent (DES)
- Author
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Cristian Grazioli, Nicolò Dossi, Rosanna Toniolo, and Rossella Svigelj
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Pregnancy test ,Materials science ,Glutens ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Aptamer ,Nanotechnology ,Biosensing Techniques ,Paper-based biosensor ,Aptamers ,Biochemistry ,Antibodies ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Deep eutectic solvents ,Electrochemical detection ,Gluten ,Limit of Detection ,Humans ,Detection limit ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,COVID-19 ,Paper based ,Aptamers, Nucleotide ,Deep eutectic solvent ,chemistry ,Solvents ,Biosensor ,Research Paper - Abstract
Paper has been widely employed as cheap material for the development of a great number of sensors such as pregnancy tests, strips to measure blood sugar, and COVID-19 rapid tests. The need for new low-cost analytical devices is growing, and consequently the use of these platforms will be extended to different assays, both for the final consumer and within laboratories. This work describes a paper-based electrochemical sensing platform that uses a paper disc conveniently modified with recognition molecules and a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to achieve the detection of gluten in a deep eutectic solvent (DES). This is the first method coupling a paper biosensor based on aptamers and antibodies with the DES ethaline. Ethaline proved to be an excellent extraction medium allowing the determination of very low gluten concentrations. The biosensor is appropriate for the determination of gluten with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 mg L−1 of sample; it can detect gluten extracted in DES with a dynamic range between 0.2 and 20 mg L−1 and an intra-assay coefficient of 10.69%. This approach can be of great interest for highly gluten-sensitive people, who suffer from ingestion of gluten quantities well below the legal limit, which is 20 parts per million in foods labeled gluten-free and for which highly sensitive devices are essential. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
111. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 67th annual meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society].
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1994
112. Filter paper-based spin column method for cost-efficient DNA or RNA purification.
- Author
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Panthee, Dilip R., Shi, Rui, and Lewis, Ramsey S.
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *SOLID phase extraction , *NUCLEIC acid isolation methods , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *PLANT genes - Abstract
We describe herein a method of recharging used commercial spin columns or assembling homemade spin columns using filter paper as binding material for cost-effective, low throughput nucleic acid purification. The efficiency of filter paper-based spin columns was evaluated for purification of nucleic acids from various sources. Following protocols of commercial kits, we found filter paper to be a useful binding material for purification of nucleic acids, including plant genomic DNA, plant total RNA, PCR products, and DNA from agarose gels. However, filter paper has a weak binding affinity to plasmid DNA in tested miniprep protocols. Protocols for the use of filter paper recharged spin columns or homemade spin columns for low throughput purification of plant genomic DNA and total RNA with unused commercial kit buffers or less expensive homemade buffers are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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113. The Classic Paper of Tobie, Von Brand, and Mehlman (1950) Revisited
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Seed, John Richard and Black, Samuel J.
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- 2001
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114. Traffic light type paper-based analytical device for intuitive and semi-quantitative naked-eye signal readout
- Author
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Sera Ohta, Ryuya Hiraoka, Yuki Hiruta, and Daniel Citterio
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Paper ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,General Chemistry ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attracted great attention as potential candidates for point-of-care testing (POCT). Nevertheless, only a limited number of μPADs expected to satisfy the standard of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waived tests as issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been reported. This work introduces a "traffic light type μPAD", enabling highly intuitive semi-quantitative equipment-free naked-eye readout with no need for calibration, subjective interpretation or calculation. Assay results are displayed as traffic light colours reporting 5 analyte concentration levels (green/greenyellow/yellow/yellowred/red). The device has been designed to never display all three colours simultaneously, eliminating any risk for misinterpretation. The mechanism relies on the modulation of sample flow through a network of paperfluidic channels modified with a hydrophobic to hydrophilic phase-switching substance responsive to H
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- 2022
115. An origami microfluidic paper device for on-site assessment of urine tampering. First use of Nessler's reagent for the colorimetric determination of creatinine
- Author
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Giacomo Musile, Yvane Agard, Sara Pesavento, Elio F. De Palo, Romolo M. Dorizzi, and Federica Bortolotti
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Urine adulteration ,Microfluidics ,Biochemistry ,paper-based microfluidics devices (µPADs) ,Creatinine ,Urine tampering ,Forensic toxicology ,Analytical Chemistry ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Environmental Chemistry ,Colorimetry ,Indicators and Reagents ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
The relevance of the problem of urine tampering is well-known in forensic toxicology, with sample dilution being the most used method to cheat toxicological controls. Among the criteria to assess urine integrity, the quantification of creatinine probably represents the most popular method. The present paper presents a simple and low-cost analytical device for on-site creatinine determination as first-line screening for urine dilution. The proposed microfluidic devices were designed as a three-dimensional origami pattern. The device included three colorimetric reactions based on picric acid (PA-based reagent), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA-based reagent), and Nessler's reagent. The last one, to the best of our knowledge, has never been used before for creatinine determination. In order to assure the highest ease and economy of operation, the color detection and data processing were performed using a built-in smartphone camera and the associated software. The optimized device showed a detection limit of 0.02 g/L. The proposed method was used for the qualitative screening for urine dilution of 48 samples, showing a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for PA-based, DNBA-based and Nessler's reagent of 83.3%-80.0%, 72.2%-70.0%, and 100.0%-93.3% respectively, versus reference enzymatic method adopting a cut-off of 0.2 g/L. In conclusion, the present preliminary study shows that the proposed device could be a useful tool for on-site screening for urine tampering at the time of sample collection for toxicological testing.
- Published
- 2023
116. Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of Marine Biochemistry Group of the Italian Biochemical Society. Brucoli, Italy, May 25-26, 1992.
- Subjects
- Biochemistry, Marine Biology
- Published
- 1993
117. New microfluidic paper-based analytical device for iron determination in urine samples
- Author
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Karina A. Catalão, António O. S. S. Rangel, Raquel B. R. Mesquita, Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Sample blank correction ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Relative standard deviation ,Disposable device ,Urine ,Paper based ,Biochemistry ,Bathophenanthroline reaction ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Absorbance ,Biological samples ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydroxylamine ,Iron(II) and iron(III) content ,law ,Paper sensor ,Atomic absorption spectroscopy - Abstract
Iron is an important micronutrient involved in several mechanisms in the human body and can be an important biomarker. In this work, a simple and disposable microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed for the quantification of iron in urine samples. The detection was based on the colorimetric reaction between iron(II) and bathophenanthroline and the reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) with hydroxylamine. The developed µPAD enabled iron determination in the range 0.07–1.2 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 20 µg/L and a limit of quantification of 65 µg/L, thus suitable for the expected values in human urine. Additionally, targeting urine samples, the potential interference of the samples color was overcome by incorporating a sample blank assessment for absorbance subtraction. Stability studies revealed that the device was stable for 15 days prior to usage and that the formed colored product was stable for scanning up to 3 h. The accuracy of the developed device was established by analyzing urine samples (#26) with the developed µPAD and with the atomic absorption spectrometry method; the relative deviation between the two sets of results was below 9.5%. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Published
- 2021
118. Sensitive electrochemical detection of cholesterol using a portable paper sensor based on the synergistic effect of cholesterol oxidase and nanoporous gold
- Author
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Keshuai Shang, Shuangjue Wang, Xia Wang, Siyu Chen, and Xinyu Gao
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Paper ,Spectrum analyzer ,Cholesterol oxidase ,Biosensing Techniques ,Electrochemical detection ,Biochemistry ,Nanopores ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Humans ,Electrodes ,Molecular Biology ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Cholesterol Oxidase ,Chemistry ,Nanoporous ,Cholesterol ,Temperature ,Electrochemical Techniques ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Gold - Abstract
As a crucial biomarker for some diseases, the determination of cholesterol in human serum is of great significance for the diagnosis and prevention of these diseases. Hence, a portable cholesterol detection method is necessary for clinical and domestic applications. Here, a portable paper sensor was designed for cholesterol detection by modifying screen-printed electrode (SPE) with nanoporous gold (NPG). To achieve the reliable cholesterol detection, a synergistic strategy was proposed based on the oxidation of cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and the reduction of oxidation product (H2O2) by NPG. Compared to existing electrochemical sensors, the resulting paper sensor exhibited a wider linear response in a range from 50 μM to 6 mM as well as a higher sensitivity of 32.68 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a lower detection limit of 8.36 μM. Moreover, the portable paper sensor presented strong anti-interference capability and stability in the detection of cholesterol in human serum, and the data detected by the portable paper sensor were consistent with that obtained by an automatic biochemical analyzer. These unique performances confirmed that the proposed paper sensor was a sensitive, reliable, and portable cholesterol detection method, making it a good choice for cholesterol detection.
- Published
- 2021
119. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar Kapoor, Pratyoosh Shukla, Guddu Kumar Gupta, and Mandeep Dixit
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Laccase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Xylan ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
- Published
- 2021
120. Best Paper Award for 1990.
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- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, History, 20th Century, Testosterone metabolism, United States, Awards and Prizes, Biochemistry history
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- 1991
121. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 64th Congress of the Japanese Biochemical Society. October 2 to 5th, 1991, Tokyo, Japan].
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- Animals, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1991
122. LC-HRMS screening of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in impregnated paper samples and contaminated soils
- Author
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Christian Zwiener, Rebecca Bauer, Martin E. Maier, Florian Herrmann, and Boris Bugsel
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Paper ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Soil test ,PFAS ,HRMS ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Perfluorinated carboxylic acids ,Analytical Chemistry ,Soil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fluorotelomer ,Alkyl ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Compost ,Contamination ,Phosphate ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,engineering ,Soil horizon ,Research Paper - Abstract
High per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations have been detected in agricultural soils in Southwest Germany. Discharges of PFAS-contaminated paper sludge and compost are suspected to be the cause of the contamination. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been detected also in groundwater, drinking water, and plants in this area. Recently, previously unknown compounds have been identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Major contaminants were polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (diPAPs) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol–based phosphate diester (diSAmPAP). In this study, HRMS screening for PFAS was applied to 14 soil samples from the contaminated area and 14 impregnated paper samples which were from a similar period than the contamination. The paper samples were characterized by diPAPs (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/12:2), fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs; 6:2/6:2 to 10:2/10:2), and diSAmPAP. In soil samples, diPAPs and their transformation products (TPs) were the major contaminants, but also FTMAPs, diSAmPAP, and their TPs occurred. The distribution patterns of the carbon chain lengths of the precursor PFAS in soil samples were shown to resemble those in paper samples. This supports the hypothesis that paper sludge is a major source of contamination. The presence of major degradation products like PFCAs, FTSAs, or PFOS and their distribution of carbon chain lengths indicate the activity of biotic or abiotic degradation processes and selective leaching processes from the upper soil horizons. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03463-9.
- Published
- 2021
123. A Flexible Capacitive Paper-Based Pressure Sensor Fabricated Using 3D Printing
- Author
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Wendan Jia, Qiang Zhang, Yongqiang Cheng, Jie Wang, Hulin Zhang, Shengbo Sang, and Jianlong Ji
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AgNWs ,structured flexible pressure sensor ,capacitive sensor ,3D printing ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors usually exhibit high sensitivity, excellent resolution, and can be mass-produced. Herein, a high-resolution, capacitive, paper-based, 3D-printed pressure sensor with a simple, low-cost preparation method is proposed. The sensor has a wide detection range (300–44,000 Pa), a short response time (
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 63d annual meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society].
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- Animals, Biochemical Phenomena, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1990
125. Selected papers from the 4th Asian Pacific Congress of Clinical Biochemistry. Hong Kong, August 28-September 2, 1988.
- Subjects
- Biochemical Phenomena, Humans, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Clinical
- Published
- 1990
126. The Hybrid stylus : a multi-surface active stylus for interacting with and handwriting on paper, tabletop display or both
- Author
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Klen Čopič Pucihar, Cuauhtli Campos, Matjaž Kljun, and Jakub Sandak
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pen-paper user interfaces ,digitisation ,handwriting ,tablet computers ,tabletop computers ,Biochemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Time ,Computers, Handheld ,Graphite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Software - Abstract
The distinct properties and affordances of paper provide benefits that enabled paper to maintain an important role in the digital age. This is so much so, that some pen–paper interaction has been imitated in the digital world with touchscreens and stylus pens. Because digital medium also provides several advantages not available to physical paper, there is a clear benefit to merge the two mediums. Despite the plethora of concepts, prototypes and systems to digitise handwritten information on paper, these systems require specially prepared paper, complex setups and software, which can be used solely in combination with paper, and, most importantly, do not support the concurrent precise interaction with both mediums (paper and touchscreen) using one pen only. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and evaluation of theHybrid Stylus.TheHybrid Stylusis assembled with the infinity pencil tip (nib) made of graphite and a specially designed shielded tip holder that is attached to an active stylus. The stylus can be used for writing on a physical paper, while it still maintains all the features needed for tablet interaction. Moreover, the stylus also allows simultaneous digitisation of handwritten information on the paper when the paper is placed on the tablet screen. In order to evaluate the concept, we also add a user-friendly manual alignment of paper position on the underlying tablet computer The evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves almost perfect digitisation of strokes (98.6% of strokes were correctly registered with only 1.2% of ghost strokes) whilst maintaining excellent user experience of writing with a pencil on the paper.
- Published
- 2022
127. Carbon fiber paper spray ionization mass spectrometry
- Author
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Shanshan Wang, Jiahui Bai, Kang Wang, and Yinlong Guo
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Paper ,Flavonoids ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Carbon Fiber ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Protons ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Mass Spectrometry ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is commonly used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells due to its prominent areal electrosorption capacity, exceptional conductivity and excellent chemical stability. In this paper, we first explored the feasibility of carbon fiber paper as a specific paper substrate in paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). The results demonstrated that CFPSI-MS combines the merits of PSI and carbon fiber ionization (CFI) and exhibits better performance of various compound analyses than either of these techniques alone. The application of CFP can highly enhance the signal stability and detection sensitivity of a diverse array of analytes, especially in negative ionization mode. The ion intensity of target analytes such as saccharides and flavonoids was improved 2-90-fold. Many nonpolar/low-polarity analytes, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are difficult to ionize by traditional PSI-MS, were successfully detected by CFPSI-MS with a 2.5 kV high voltage. Moreover, CFPSI-MS presents high sensitivity in semiquantitative analysis, and the limits of detection (LODs) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), naringin and tivantinib in whole blood were improved 2-100-fold compared to those in traditional PSI-MS. In real sample analysis, CFPSI-MS also exhibits excellent capability in human breath analysis and blood metabolomic profiling.
- Published
- 2022
128. A microfluidic fully paper-based analytical device integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nano-biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative detection of infectious diseases
- Author
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Hamed Tavakoli, Elisabeth Hirth, Man Luo, Sanjay Sharma Timilsina, Maowei Dou, Delfina C. Dominguez, and XiuJun Li
- Subjects
Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Humans ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Neisseria meningitidis ,Biochemistry ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Communicable Diseases - Abstract
Bacterial meningitis, an infection of the membranes (meninges) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. Higher case-fatality rates and short survival times have been reported in developing countries. Hence, a quick, straightforward, and low-cost approach is in great demand for the diagnosis of meningitis. In this research, a microfluidic fully paper-based analytical device (μFPAD) integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ssDNA-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nano-biosensors was developed for the first time for a simple, rapid, low-cost, and quantitative detection of the main meningitis-causing bacteria
- Published
- 2023
129. The Role of Mathematics Learning in the Interdisciplinary Mathematics and Science (IMS) Project
- Author
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Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA), Mulligan, Joanne, Tytler, Russell, Prain, Vaughan, White, Peta, Xu, Lihua, and Kirk, Melinda
- Abstract
While interdisciplinary approaches in the STEM subjects are widely advocated there are concerns that disciplinary learning can be compromised, especially in mathematics. The Interdisciplinary Mathematics and Science (IMS) project is a three-year longitudinal study in four Victorian primary schools that has developed a pedagogical approach to mathematics and science learning where data modelling and representation are common to each. Investigations include astronomy, ecology, chemistry, fast plant growth, force and motion, water use, heat and temperature, body height, light and microorganisms. The paper describes the role of mathematics in the IMS pedagogical model and design of learning sequences.
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- 2022
130. A Novel Equipment-Free Paper-Based Fluorometric Method for the Analytical Determination of Quinine in Soft Drink Samples
- Author
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Vasiliki C. Tsaftari, Maria Tarara, Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras, and George Z. Tsogas
- Subjects
paper-based analytical devicues ,fluorometric determination ,quinine ,UV irradiation ,simple imaging devices ,soft drink samples ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
A simple, equipment-free, direct fluorometric method, employing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) as sensors, for the selective determination of quinine (QN) is described herein. The suggested analytical method exploits the fluorescence emission of QN without any chemical reaction after the appropriate pH adjustment with nitric acid, at room temperature, on the surface of a paper device with the application of a UV lamp at 365 nm. The devices crafted had a low cost and were manufactured with chromatographic paper and wax barriers, and the analytical protocol followed was extremely easy for the analyst and required no laboratory instrumentation. According to the methodology, the user must place the sample on the detection area of the paper and read with a smartphone the fluorescence emitted by the QN molecules. Many chemical parameters were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in soft drink samples was carried out. Additionally, the chemical stability of these paper devices was considered in various maintenance conditions with good results. The detection limit calculated as 3.3 S/N was 3.6 mg L−1, and the precision of the method was satisfactory, being from 3.1% (intra-day) to 8.8% (inter-day). Soft drink samples were successfully analyzed and compared with a fluorescence method.
- Published
- 2023
131. PEO/cellulose composite paper based triboelectric nanogenerator and its application in human-health detection
- Author
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Changmei, Lin, Honghui, Zhao, Hai, Huang, Xiaojuan, Ma, and Shilin, Cao
- Subjects
Structural Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Recently, cellulose paper based triboelectric nanogenerators (CPTENGs) has gained widely attention due to the development of wearable, green and miniaturized electronic products. Modification of cellulose fibers or paper is a feasible method to improve the output performance of CPTENGs, however, the simple and effective routes to improve the triboelectric property of cellulose paper still remain a challenge. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare PEO/cellulose composite paper (PEO/CCP) via mixing polyethylene oxide (PEO) with cationic cellulose fibers. Benefiting from amino groups and PEO, the composite paper exhibits higher triboelectric positive property and triboelectric charge density, thereby endowing PEO/CCP based TENG with outstanding output performance. The voltage, current and power density peak values of PEO/CCP based TENG exhibited linear relationship with amino groups content; in this instance, the performance of the TENGs can be readily adjusted by the amino groups. The voltage, current and power density of PEO/CCP based TENG can be up to 222.1 V, 4.3 μA, and 217.3 mW•m
- Published
- 2023
132. Recyclable, UV-shielding, and biodegradable chitosan-based cardanol glycidyl ether as excellent water and oil resistance as well as gas barrier coating for paper
- Author
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Jihuai, Tan, Qinghao, Zhu, Dandan, Li, Nengkun, Huang, Ziwen, Wang, Zhulan, Liu, and Yunfeng, Cao
- Subjects
Structural Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Developing a feasible and low-cost approach to fabricate recyclable, UV-shielding, biodegradable as well as water- and oil-resistant coating for paper substance is still a challenge. Herein, novel full-biobased chitosan-derived cardanol glycidyl ether (CS-xCGE, x = 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1) coatings with different contents of cardanol glycidyl ether (CGE) were developed for paper substance via the ethoxylation of cardanol and sequent addition with chitosan in a one-pot process. Benefiting from the hydrophobicity and ultraviolet resistance of CGE, the resultant CS-CGE (x = 1) coated paper exhibited not only remarkable oil resistance (kit rating value of 11/12), but also water resistance (Cobb 60 value of 5.78 g/m
- Published
- 2023
133. Paper and thread as media for the frugal detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Author
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Hardik Ramesh Singhal, Amrutha Hasandka, Ankita Ramchandran Singh, Naresh Kumar Mani, M. S. Giri Nandagopal, and Anusha Prabhu
- Subjects
Burden of disease ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thread (network protocol) ,Microfluidics ,Review ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Cellulose ,Menstrual Hygiene Products ,Urinary tract infection ,Modalities ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public health ,Fungi ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Thread ,Culture Media ,Detection ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Colorimetry ,business - Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) make up a significant proportion of the global burden of disease in vulnerable groups and tend to substantially impair the quality of life of those affected, making timely detection of UTIs a priority for public health. However, economic and societal barriers drastically reduce accessibility of traditional lab-based testing methods for critical patient groups in low-resource areas, negatively affecting their overall healthcare outcomes. As a result, cellulose-based materials such as paper and thread have garnered significant interest among researchers as substrates for so-called frugal analytical devices which leverage the material’s portability and adaptability for facile and reproducible diagnoses of UTIs. Although the field may be only in its infancy, strategies aimed at commercial penetration can appreciably increase access to more healthcare options for at-risk people. In this review, we catalogue recent advances in devices that use cellulose-based materials as the primary housing or medium for UTI detection and chart out trends in the field. We also explore different modalities employed for detection, with particular emphasis on their ability to be ported onto discreet casings such as sanitary products. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
134. Surface hydrophobization of pulp fibers in paper sheets via gas phase reactions
- Author
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Stefan Spirk, Sarah Krainer, Carina Waldner, Ulrich Hirn, Eero Kontturi, Philipp Wulz, Graz University of Technology, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Spectrophotometry, Infrared ,Trimethylsilyl ,Silylation ,Fluoroacetates ,Acetic Anhydrides ,Palmitates ,Gas phase ,Hydrophobisation ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Contact angle ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Tensile Strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Organosilicon Compounds ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Porosity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Photoelectron Spectroscopy ,Water ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fibers ,Acetic anhydride ,Ultrasonic Waves ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Wettability ,Volatilization ,Trifluoroacetic anhydride ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Funding Information: The financial support of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Digital and Economic Affairs and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development , Austria, is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the industrial partners Mondi, Canon Production Printing, Kelheim Fibres, and SIG Combibloc for their support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Hydrophobization of cellulosic materials and particularly paper products is a commonly used procedure to render papers more resistant to water and moisture. Here, we explore the hydrophobization of unsized paper sheets via the gas phase. We employed three different compounds, namely palmitoyl chloride (PCl), trifluoroacetic anhydride/acetic anhydride (TFAA/Ac2O)) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) which were vaporized and allowed to react with the paper sheets via the gas phase. All routes yielded hydrophobic papers with static water contact angles far above 90° and indicated the formation of covalent bonds. The PCl and TFAA approach negatively impacted the mechanical and optical properties of the paper leading to a decrease in tensile strength and yellowing of the sheets. The HMDS modified papers did not exhibit any differences regarding relevant paper technological parameters (mechanical properties, optical properties, porosity) compared to the non-modified sheets. XPS studies revealed that the HMDS modified samples have a rather low silicon content, pointing at the formation of submonolayers of trimethylsilyl groups on the fiber surfaces in the paper network. This was further investigated by penetration dynamic analysis using ultrasonication, which revealed that the whole fiber network has been homogeneously modified with the silyl groups and not only the very outer surface as for the PCl and the TFAA modified papers. This procedure yields a possibility to study the influence of hydrophobicity on paper sheets and their network properties without changing structural and mechanical paper parameters.
- Published
- 2021
135. A Simple Paper-Based α-Amylase Separating System for Potential Application in Biological Sciences
- Author
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Gul Karima, Sujin Hyung, K. R. Shin, Kwang Sik Kim, and Jong Wook Hong
- Subjects
Saliva ,Disease status ,biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biochemistry ,Salivary diagnostics ,Pancreatic juice ,biology.protein ,Amylase ,Stress conditions ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Biological sciences ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The salivary glands are closely associated with stress conditions and the neuroendocrine system. The concentrations of these salivary biomarkers fluctuate with a person’s disease status. Until now, salivary diagnostics have been promising; however, the analytical tools for detecting salivary biomarkers have remained burdensome due to the lack of user-friendly and cost-effective equipment. In this study, we used a microfluidic starch-coated paper-based chip to isolate ɑ-amylase from human saliva. The concentration of ɑ-amylase on the head and tail sections of the paper-based chip was compared in the presence or absence of starch. We found that ɑ-amylase was highly concentrated only in the head section of the starch-coated paper-based chip through Western blotting (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We expect our designed paper-based chip will aid in α-amylase detection technologies using saliva and small amounts of other biofluids including blood, tears, pancreatic juice, and urine.
- Published
- 2021
136. The Ability of a Bacterial Strain to Remove a Phenolic Structure as an Approach to Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment: Optimization by Experimental Design
- Author
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María Cristina Yeber and Tatiana Silva
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,phenolic compounds ,pulp and paper industry ,pollution control ,wastewater cleaning ,water sustainability ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
High-colored wastewater generated during the cellulose bleaching process causes the inhibition of biological activity when released into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterium’s capacity, identified as RGM2262, to degrade a complex phenolic structure such as lignin, which is found in high concentrations in the effluents generated during the production of cellulose, raw material for the manufacture of paper. To determine the values of the experimental variables that allow for a greater degradation of organic matter, an experimental model was carried out through experimental design. Thus, the experimental matrix was obtained with the variables pH 7 (−1) to 9 (+1) and a treatment time of 1 day (−1) to 5 days (+1). The results show that, at pH 8 and pH 9, both treatments—with bacteria in bio-films and without bio-films—were efficient. On the second day of treatment, 100% of the color and the phenolic structure were removed, with a similar rate constant, and at the same time, 80% COD and 70% of TOC, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Multicolorimetric ELISA biosensors on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device for visual point-of-care detection of infection diseases
- Author
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Lei Ma, Yousef Abugalyon, and Xiujun Li
- Subjects
Paper ,Polymers ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Point-of-care detection ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Communicable Diseases ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Multicolorimetric ELISA ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Humans ,Disease biomarker ,Integrated processing ,Paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,High potential ,Point of care ,Detection limit ,Quantitative biomarker detection ,Infectious disease ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Visual detection ,Embedded system ,Colorimetry ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Hepatitis C virus core Antigen ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for the detection of disease biomarkers. However, it utilizes time-consuming procedures and expensive instruments, making it infeasible for point-of-care (POC) analysis especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, a multicolorimetric ELISA biosensor integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device was developed for rapid visual detection of disease biomarkers at point of care, without using costly equipment. This multicolormetric ELISA platform was built on multiple distinct color variants resulted from the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The vivid color changes could be easily distinguished by the naked eye, and their red mean values allowed quantitative biomarker detection, without using any sophisticated instruments. When this multicolorimetric ELISA was integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device, it not only provided integrated processing and high portability but also enabled fast assays in about 50 min due to the unique advantages of paper/polymer hybrid devices. The limit of detection of 9.1 ng/μL of the hepatitis C virus core antigen, a biomarker for hepatitis C, was achieved using this multicolorimetric ELISA platform. This multicolor ELISA analytical device provides a new versatile, user-friendly, affordable, and portable immunosensing platform with high potential for on-site detections of various viruses, proteins, and biomarkers for low-resource settings such as at home, public venues, rural areas, and developing nations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03359-8.
- Published
- 2021
138. Treatment of paper mill effluent via electrochemical reaction and assessment of antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles in in-vitro conditions
- Author
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Khanindra Sharma, Madhurankhi Goswami, Neelotpal Sen Sarma, Arundhuti Devi, and Mohammed Shadab
- Subjects
Chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental remediation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Paper mill ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Bacterial growth ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Phenol ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity ,Hydrogen peroxide ,business ,Effluent ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A simple electrochemical approach has been strategically developed for in situ generations of ZnO nanoparticles using Zn rods as electrodes and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant without the formation of any by-product. These ZnO nanoparticles were extended for remediation of pollutants present in paper mill effluents, and separation efficiency was found to be above 90% for hydrocarbons, 92% for lignin, 99% for phenol, and 93% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), as confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and COD analysis. It was also observed that the experimental setup could successfully remove 99% of the color from the sample. These ZnO nanoparticles have been proven in the past to be antibacterial and were explored for its ability to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the effluent samples after the removal of toxic pollutants. Therefore, we proposed an electrochemical reaction for the in situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for remediation of paper mill effluent as well as inhibit the bacterial growth in the treated effluent sample.
- Published
- 2021
139. Antibody affinity as a driver of signal generation in a paper-based immunoassay for Ebola virus surveillance
- Author
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James B. Munro, Andrea C. Mora, Lara P. Murray, Charles R. Mace, and Ramesh Govindan
- Subjects
Paper analytical devices ,medicine.drug_class ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Monoclonal antibody ,Antibodies, Viral ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Epitope ,Analytical Chemistry ,Serology ,Affinity Reagent ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunoassays ,Diagnostics ,Immunoassay ,Ebola virus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Equipment Design ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ebolavirus ,Virology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ectodomain ,Paper-based microfluidics ,Ebola ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract During epidemics, such as the frequent and devastating Ebola virus outbreaks that have historically plagued regions of Africa, serological surveillance efforts are critical for viral containment and the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Antibody serology can also be used retrospectively for population-level surveillance to provide a more complete estimate of total infections. Ebola surveillance efforts rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which restrict testing to laboratories and are not adaptable for use in resource-limited settings. In this manuscript, we describe a paper-based immunoassay capable of detecting anti-Ebola IgG using Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein ectodomain (GP) as the affinity reagent. We evaluated seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GP—KZ52, 13C6, 4G7, 2G4, c6D8, 13F6, and 4F3—to elucidate the impact of binding affinity and binding epitope on assay performance and, ultimately, result interpretation. We used biolayer interferometry to characterize the binding of each antibody to GP before assessing their performance in our paper-based device. Binding affinity (KD) and on rate (kon) were major factors influencing the sensitivity of the paper-based immunoassay. mAbs with the best KD (3–25 nM) exhibited the lowest limits of detection (ca. μg mL−1), while mAbs with KD > 25 nM were undetectable in our device. Additionally, and most surprisingly, we determined that observed signals in paper devices were directly proportional to kon. These results highlight the importance of ensuring that the quality of recognition reagents is sufficient to support desired assay performance and suggest that the strength of an individual’s immune response can impact the interpretation of assay results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03317-4.
- Published
- 2021
140. Paper-Based Enzymatic Colorimetric Assay for Rapid Malathion Detection
- Author
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Xiao-Yan Zhang, Jian-Hui Li, Yunpeng Bai, Yu-Lian Zhao, and Xue-Lei Deng
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Analyte ,Immobilized enzyme ,Hydrolases ,Bioengineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,Poloxamer ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,010608 biotechnology ,Kinetic constant ,Molecular Biology ,Acrylic acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,0104 chemical sciences ,Enzyme ,Malathion ,Colorimetry ,Biosensor ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Due to their unique properties, paper-based biosensors have attracted attention as inexpensive devices for on-site analysis. To achieve fast and sensitive detection of analytes, immobilization of enzymes with high apparent activities on paper is highly desirable; however, this is challenging. Herein, we report an improved approach to attach a malathion degrading enzyme, PoOPHM9, on paper via an interlocking network of Pluronic F127 (PF127)–poly(acrylic acid)–enzyme conjugates. The addition of PF127 improved retention of enzymatic activity as the apparent kinetic constant Vmax of the immobilized enzyme increased two-fold compared with the paper prepared without PF127. The PF127–poly(acrylic acid)–PoOPHM9 papers provided rapid colorimetric detection of malathion at 0.1–50 mM. The detection was completed within 5 min using a smartphone and image analysis software. As a proof-of-concept, malathion-contaminated water, plant, and apple samples were analyzed with the papers successfully. This material is promising for on-site rapid analysis of malathion-contaminated samples.
- Published
- 2021
141. A colorimetric paper-based sensor with nanoporous SBA-15 for simultaneous determination of histidine and cysteine in urine samples
- Author
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Fatemeh Razavi and Habibollah Khajehsharifi
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Materials science ,Filter paper ,Nanoporous ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,Linear range ,Materials Chemistry ,Calibration ,0210 nano-technology ,Mesoporous material - Abstract
In this research, simultaneous quantification of cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) using a paper-based sensor was investigated for the first time. A microfluidic paper-based sensor is a promising amino acid determination tool due to its low cost, low sample consumption, and fast analysis and is easy to make. We used SBA-15 as porous materials that are crystalline compounds formed with surfactants and TEOS as a silica source. The SBA-15 sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The microfluidic paper-based sensors were fabricated using a wax pen, and the mesoporous SBA-15 modified filter paper. The fabricated sensors for Cys and His determination are operated based on an indicator-displacement assay. A comparative determination study of Cys and His on the sensors was carried out. The results illustrated that the addition of silica nanoporous material led to an immediate and uniform color change. The sensors were successfully exploited in the simultaneous determination of urinary Cys and His levels, thus providing the potential opportunity for clinical diagnosis. The linear range of 1.0 to 90.0 μM and 1.0 to 100 μM for His and Cys was obtained from the calibration data. The detection limits were also calculated (S/N = 3) for His and Cys of 0.5 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. The proposed method showed a good agreement with the results achieved by a standard method.
- Published
- 2021
142. Filter paper based SERS substrate for the direct detection of analytes in complex matrices
- Author
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Xinyuan Li, Steven E. J. Bell, Qinglu Chen, Wesley R. Browne, Harmke S. Siebe, Yikai Xu, and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analyte ,Materials science ,Silver ,Filter paper ,Polymers ,Analytical technique ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Polymer ,Thiram ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Filtration ,Hydroxyethyl cellulose - Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging analytical technique for chemical analysis, which is favourable due to its combination of short measurement time, high sensitivity and molecular specificity. However, the application of SERS is still limited, largely because in real samples the analyte is often present in a complex matrix that contains micro/macro particles that block the probe laser, as well as molecular contaminants that compete for the enhancing surface. Here, we show a simple and scalable spray-deposition technique to fabricate SERS-active paper substrates which combine sample filtration and enhancement in a single material. Unlike previous spray-deposition methods, in which simple colloidal nanoparticles were sprayed onto solid surfaces, here the colloidal nanoparticles are mixed with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) polymer before application. This leads to significantly improved uniformity in the distribution of enhancing particles as the film dries on the substrate surface. Importantly, the polymer matrix also protects the enhancing particles from air-oxidation during storage but releases them to provide SERS enhancement when the film is rehydrated. These SERS-paper substrates are highly active and a model analyte, crystal violet, was detected down to 4 ng in 10 μL of sample with less than 20% point-by-point signal deviation. The filter paper and HEC effectively filter out both interfering micro/macro particles and molecular (protein) contaminants, allowing the SERS-paper substrates to be used for SERS detection of thiram in mud and melamine in the presence of protein down to nanogram levels without sample pre-treatment or purification.
- Published
- 2021
143. Simple and Sensitive Detection of Bacterial Hydrogen Sulfide Production Using a Paper-Based Colorimetric Assay
- Author
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Byung-Ki Ahn, Yong-Jin Ahn, Young-Ju Lee, Yeon-Hee Lee, and Gi-Ja Lee
- Subjects
Bacteria ,hydrogen sulfide ,bacteria ,paper ,colorimetric assay ,Colorimetry ,Hydrogen Sulfide ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Sulfides ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Hydrogen - Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to participate in bacteria-induced inflammatory response in periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify H2S produced by oral bacteria for diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases including halitosis and periodontal disease. In this study, we introduce a paper-based colorimetric assay for detecting bacterial H2S utilizing silver/Nafion/polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane and a 96-well microplate. This H2S-sensing paper showed a good sensitivity (8.27 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9996), which was higher than that of lead acetate paper (6.05 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9959). We analyzed the difference in H2S concentration released from four kinds of oral bacteria (Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus casei). Finally, the H2S level in Eikenella corrodens while varying the concentration of cysteine and treatment time was quantified. This paper-based colorimetric assay can be utilized as a simple and effective tool for in vitro screening of H2S-producing ability of many bacteria as well as salivary H2S analysis.
- Published
- 2022
144. Flame retardant and antimicrobial paper coatings with rosemary oil and barium borate
- Author
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URAL, ELİF and Çölük G., URAL E., Kandirmaz E. A.
- Subjects
Antimicrobial coating ,Temel Bilimler (SCI) ,MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ,Biochemistry ,MATERIALS SCIENCE ,Organik Kimya ,Kimya ,Flame retardant ,CHEMISTRY ,Biyokimya ,KİMYA, ORGANİK ,Materials Chemistry ,Biyoinorganik Kimya ,MALZEME BİLİMİ, ÇOKDİSİPLİNLİ ,Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG) ,Bioinorganic Chemistry ,Paper coating ,Malzeme Kimyası ,Temel Bilimler ,Organic Chemistry ,Printability ,Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG) ,CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC ,Fizik Bilimleri ,Natural Sciences (SCI) ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Active packaging ,Mühendislik ve Teknoloji ,Natural Sciences ,Malzeme Bilimi - Abstract
© 2022, Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. All rights reserved.Adding an antimicrobial effect to the papers used in the cardboard packaging industry can extend the life of the packed product. Paper, due to its structure, has the property of being ignited quickly. Enhancing the properties of paper, the combination of antimicrobial protection, low flammability and good printability to the paper will expand its usage area in the packaging industry. In this study, barium borate was synthesized in order to impart low flammability to paper. Different combinations of rosemary oil and barium borate were mixed with binding starch in varying amounts, and formulations were prepared. With these mixtures, 80 g/m2 paper was coated using a laboratory-type paper coating machine. The antimicrobial properties of the paper were investigated by performing the disk diffusion antimicrobial test against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test was performed to determine the low flammability of the paper. Color, gloss, contact angle and surface energy tests were performed for the printability properties of the paper. As a result, the coatings containing formulations of barium borate and rosemary oil, applied to the paper surface, succeeded in imparting antimicrobial and low flammability properties to the papers, while also improving the printability features.
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- 2022
145. Semi-enclosed paper sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of proline
- Author
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Mallesh Santhosh and Tusan Park
- Subjects
Isatin ,Paper ,Chitosan ,Proline ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Arabidopsis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Colorimetry ,Indicators and Reagents ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In the current study, we have utilized semi-enclosed, leak-proof, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD's) modified with isatin conjugated chitosan as specific colorimetric reagent for the detection of proline. Proline is one of the globally accepted stress biomarker in plants and also one of the prominent amino acid present in wine and some processed food. Quantification of proline is regularly required in agriculture field, food and wine industries. Specific interaction of isatin with proline, uniform film forming ability of chitosan which results in uniform coloration and the presence of leak-proof layer which prevent the diffusion of colorimetric reagent deeper resulted in enhancement of color signal intensity at the reaction zone were utilized. Further, the images of the μPAD's were captured using smartphone with 3D printed imaging box which houses smartphone and μPAD's. This platform utilizes smartphone flash for uniform illumination and ensures constant positioning of μPAD's to capture images. This greatly enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of our platform. Compared to previously published highly sensitive multi-layer, paper-based platform for detection of proline, current method has enhanced detection range (∼7 fold) and has comparable limit of detection of 23.75 μM. Moreover, the developed μPAD's platform has reduced optimum reaction temperature and time compared to previous work. The developed paper based platform was utilized for evaluation of proline content in young Arabidopsis plants which are subjected to water stress for 5 days. The devised paper-based methods have the potential to be applicable for the on-site evaluation of various stresses in plants.
- Published
- 2022
146. An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Paper Modified with Graphite Powder for Sensitive Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Drinks
- Author
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Aleksey Tarasov, Ekaterina Khamzina, Mariya Bukharinova, and Natalia Stozhko
- Subjects
Reproducibility of Results ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Carbon ,Analytical Chemistry ,Limit of Detection ,food colorants ,Sunset Yellow ,Tartrazine ,carbon paper ,carbon veil ,electrochemical sensor ,modified electrode ,graphite powder ,voltammetry ,soft and alcoholic drinks ,Graphite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Powders ,Instrumentation ,Azo Compounds ,Electrodes - Abstract
The paper describes the development of an electrochemical sensor to be used for the determination of synthetic food colorants such as Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) and Tartrazine (TZ). The sensor is a carbon paper (CP) electrode, manufactured by using hot lamination technology and volume modified with fine-grained graphite powder (GrP). The sensor (GrP/CP) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, electrochemical impedance analysis, cyclic, linear sweep and differential pulse voltammetry. The mechanism of SY and TZ electrochemical oxidation on GrP/CP was studied. The developed sensor has good electron transfer characteristics and low electron resistance, high sensitivity and selectivity. Applying the differential pulse mode, linear dynamic ranges of 0.005–1.0 μM and 0.02–7.5 μM with limits of detection of 0.78 nM and 8.2 nM for SY and TZ, respectively, were obtained. The sensor was used to detect SY and TZ in non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks. The results obtained from drink analysis prove good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 0.072) and accuracy (recovery 96–104%).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. Tetracycline Degradation by Peroxydisulfate Activated by Waste Pulp/Paper Mill Sludge Biochars Derived at Different Pyrolysis Temperature
- Author
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Baowei Zhao and Juanxiang Zhang
- Subjects
waste pulp/paper mill sludge ,biochar ,peroxydisulfate ,tetracycline ,degradation ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The technique of using biochar-based catalysts in persulfate activation is a promising alternative to remov emerging and refractory pollutants (e.g., tetracycline-) in wastewater. However, the situation of biochars derived from waste pulp/paper mill sludge is still unclear. The pulp/paper mill sludge biochars (SBC300, SBC500, and SBC700) were obtained and characterized at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C. Tetracycline degradation using peroxydisulfate activated by SBCs was investigated. The results demonstrated the removal efficiencies of tetracycline in SBC300-, SBC500- and SBC700-peroxydisulfate systems, which increased with the pyrolysis temperatures and were 4.3, 4.8, and 5.0 times that of a system with peroxydisulfate alone. The experiments of free radical quenching, singlet oxygen quenching, and electrochemistry indicated that the degradation of tetracycline in SBC-peroxydisulfate systems was mainly not a free radical pathway, but a non-radical pathway. Singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer could play main roles in the degradation removal of tetracycline. The removal efficiencies of tetracycline in the SBC-peroxydisulfate systems could be up to 96.0% (SBC700-peroxydisulfate) under the optimum dosage of SBC, the molar ratio of peroxydisulfate to tetracycline and the solution pH value. The results indicate that a SBC700-peroxydisulfate system could be an effective “trash-to-treasure” treatment technique for wastewater containing antibiotics.
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- 2022
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148. First comprehensive analysis of lysine succinylation in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
- Author
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Yibo Dong, Ping Li, and Chao Chen
- Subjects
Proteomics ,0106 biological sciences ,China ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Lysine ,Succinic Acid ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,Succinylation ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,Photosynthesis ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Lysine succinylation ,organic chemicals ,Paper mulberry ,Metabolism ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Citric acid cycle ,lcsh:Genetics ,Biochemistry ,bacteria ,Morus ,Posttranslational modification ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Research Article ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification (PTM) that is ubiquitous in organisms. Lysine succinylation plays important roles in regulating protein structure and function as well as cellular metabolism. Global lysine succinylation at the proteomic level has been identified in a variety of species; however, limited information on lysine succinylation in plant species, especially paper mulberry, is available. Paper mulberry is not only an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine, but it is also a tree species with significant economic value. Paper mulberry is found in the temperate and tropical zones of China. The present study analyzed the effects of lysine succinylation on the growth, development, and physiology of paper mulberry. Results A total of 2097 lysine succinylation sites were identified in 935 proteins associated with the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, ribosomes and oxidative phosphorylation; these pathways play a role in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and may be regulated by lysine succinylation. The modified proteins were distributed in multiple subcellular compartments and were involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. Conclusion Lysine-succinylated proteins may play key regulatory roles in metabolism, primarily in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as in many other cellular processes. In addition to the large number of succinylated proteins associated with photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, some proteins associated with the TCA cycle are succinylated. Our study can serve as a reference for further proteomics studies of the downstream effects of succinylation on the physiology and biochemistry of paper mulberry.
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- 2021
149. Recent advances in paper‐based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization
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Yuan Xichen, Ren Li, Shang Peng, Feng Huicheng, Meng Zhiyue, and Yang Yang
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Chip fabrication ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Ion concentration polarization ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Polarization phenomenon ,High complexity ,0210 nano-technology ,Polarization (electrochemistry) - Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of biochemical detection is its poor sensitivity, owing to the relatively high complexity of micro-samples. Moreover, some samples cannot be easily self-replicated and their abundance cannot be increased through traditional technologies. Therefore, the preconcentration of low-abundance samples is a key requirement for microfluidic biological analysis. In recent years, the ion-concentration polarization phenomenon has aroused widespread interest in the application of microfluidic technology. In addition, paper-based materials are readily available, easy to modify, and exhibit good hydrophilicity. The study of the ion-concentration polarization preconcentration of micro-samples in paper-based microfluidic chips is of considerable significance. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of ion-concentration polarization paper-based preconcentrator in the past 5 years, with emphasis on key progresses in chip fabrication and performance optimization under different conditions. The current needs and development prospects in this field have also been discussed.
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- 2021
150. Strategies for the detection of target analytes using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Bo Cao, Daxiang Cui, Chujun Zheng, Qinghui Jin, Kan Wang, Wei Zheng, Qi Qin, and Hao Xu
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Analyte ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Nanotechnology ,Small sample ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Rapid detection ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Software portability ,Microfluidic channel ,Electrochemiluminescence ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have developed rapidly in recent years, because of their advantages, such as small sample volume, rapid detection rates, low cost, and portability. Due to these characteristics, they can be used for in vitro diagnostics in the laboratory, or in the field, for a variety of applications, including food evaluation, disease screening, environmental monitoring, and drug testing. This review will present various detection methods employed by μPADs and their respective applications for the detection of target analytes. These include colorimetry, electrochemistry, chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence-based methodologies. At the same time, the choice of labeling material and the design of microfluidic channels are also important for detection results. The construction of novel nanocomponents and different smart structures of paper-based devices have improved the performance of μPADs and we will also highlight some of these in this manuscript. Additionally, some key challenges and future prospects for the use of μPADs are briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2021
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