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Reinforcement is considered an essential component of many behavioral interventions. However, caregivers may criticize the use of edible reinforcers, particularly those viewed as unhealthy. Still, as evidenced by current attitudes toward the profession, addressing the concerns and criticisms of behavior analytic consumers is paramount. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which edible reinforcers are used within published behavior analytic research. To this end, we analyzed research published in six major behavior analytic journals across 3 years. Results indicate that edible reinforcement was utilized in less than one third of the studies using reinforcement often in combination with other nonedible reinforcers. However, it is important to consider potential negative externalities with the use of edible reinforcement and the need for future research on the use of edible reinforcers in clinical practice and research contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peer‐review component of the editorial process is designed to facilitate quality control, legitimize scientific research, and self‐regulate scientific communities. Even though serving as a reviewer undoubtedly has direct and indirect benefits, the peer‐review system and the methods of teaching scholars to conduct reviews are nascent and relatively underdeveloped. This article describes the peer‐review process and provides recommendations for writing reviews for scientific journals. The recommendations were developed based on the expertise and preferences of editors in chief and associate editors for behavior‐analytic journals (Cengher & LeBlanc, 2024), and they include honoring your responsibility, knowing your audience, being constructive and kind, and carefully evaluating the merits of the study or review. These guidelines may serve as a primer for scholars who want to conduct reviews for scientific journals in behavior analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) emphasizing the integration of developmental science principles and naturalistic teaching strategies. Topics include recognized as best practice in treating autism spectrum disorder in infants and toddlers; and increasing adoption across various settings and implementers and the need for further research to enhance their efficacy and implementation.

Few reviews on procedural fidelity—the degree to which procedures are implemented as designed—provide details to gauge the quality of fidelity reporting in behavior‐analytic research. This review focused on experiments in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (2006–2021) with "integrity" or "fidelity" in the abstract or body. When fidelity data were collected, the coders characterized measurement details (e.g., description of calculation, report of single or multiple values, frequency of fidelity checks, checklist use). The researchers found increasing trends in describing the calculation(s), reporting multiple values, and stating the frequency of measurement. Few studies described using a checklist. Most studies reported fidelity as a percentage, with high obtained values (M = 97%). When not collecting fidelity data was stated as a limitation, authors were unlikely to provide a rationale for the omission. We discuss recommendations for reporting procedural fidelity to increase the quality of and transparency in behavior‐analytic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented discussing the current state of cognitive and behavioral therapies for psychosis, including CBT, third-wave therapies, and the challenges in implementing evidence-based interventions. Topics include the effectiveness of various therapies, the importance of addressing trauma, and the need for personalized and technology-assisted interventions to improve global mental health provision.

Research involving international research communities has been advocated in the field of behavior analysis (Dymond et al., 2000; Martin et al., 2016). The purpose of the present study was to report the status of behavioral research in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, in terms of number of publications, types of research, and frequency of collaboration with international researchers. Fifteen behavioral journals were selected from the list by Cooper et al. (2020). These were searched by hand to find publications conducted in or authored by researchers from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan dating from each journal's inception to December 2021. The earliest publication we found appeared in 1980 in The Psychological Record. Over the following four decades (1980–1989; 1990–1999; 2000–2009; 2010–2021), the number of publications per decade increased dramatically and continues in recent years to rise. Publications include research reports, review papers, and conceptual articles, with the majority being basic research reports published in Behavioral Processes. Approximately half the publications involve collaboration with international researchers, mostly in North America. Implications for behavioral research, practice, and policy in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to articles in the issue is presented on topics including achieving and sustaining behavior change for older adults, a review of existing research on age-friendly universities, and everyday interactions of people living with dementia in social settings.

The article presents the discussion on good deal of information to the forefront for mental health providers to take into consideration. Topics include understanding female sexuality, aging sexuality, satisfaction and functioning based on behavioral characteristics; and clinicians considering the sexual embarrassment results.

This special issue on telehealth in Behavior Modification features 10 studies related to developing and delivering behavioral interventions through telehealth. The studies in this issue cover a variety of topics including using telehealth to train caregivers, training clinicians to use telehealth, and directly implementing interventions or assessments through telehealth. The special issue concludes with a comprehensive literature review examining variables that impact the effectiveness of telehealth as a service-delivery tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental disorders may have severe consequences for individuals across their entire lifespan, especially when they start in childhood. Effective treatments (both psychosocial and pharmacological) exist for the short‐term treatment of common mental disorders in young people. These could, at least theoretically, prevent future problems, including recurrence of the disorder, development of comorbidity, or problems in functioning. However, little is known about the actual effects of these treatments in the long run. In the current editorial perspective, we consider the available evidence for the long‐term (i.e., ≥2 years) effectiveness and safety of treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavior disorders, and anxiety and depressive disorders for children between 6 and 12 years old. After providing an overview of the literature, we reflect on two key issues, namely, methodological difficulties in establishing long‐term treatment effects, and the risk–benefit ratio of treatments for common childhood mental disorders. In addition, we discuss future research possibilities, clinical implications, and other approaches, specifically whole‐of‐society‐actions that could potentially reduce the burden of common childhood mental disorders. Read the Commentary on this article at doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13715. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined articles with experiments published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and in Behavior Analysis in Practice from 2017 through 2021 to determine how frequently procedural fidelity was assessed. When procedural fidelity was assessed, we determined how often a measure of interobserver agreement for those fidelity data was provided. We also determined how often a measure of interobserver agreement for participants' behavior was provided. Across both journals and all years, 54.7% of relevant articles provided a measure of procedural fidelity. Of them, 17.7% provided a measure of interobserver agreement for procedural fidelity. In marked contrast, 96.4% provided interobserver agreement data for participants' behavior. It is unfortunate that applied behavior analysts frequently fail to provide procedural fidelity data and, when they do, often fail to provide interobserver agreement data for the fidelity data. Reviewers for, and editors of, behavior‐analytic journals are encouraged to strongly consider the relative value of procedural fidelity and agreement on procedural fidelity measures when rendering recommendations on the suitability of a given submission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs) could be considered some of the most challenging students to serve in schools. The need for effective interventions for these students is ever-present. To design and implement empirical studies to better inform the field of EBDs, researchers must have a firm understanding of the most up-to-date intervention literature. The purpose of this targeted quantitative synthesis is to create such a knowledge base for the field of EBDs. Results from 55 studies indicate a declining focus on intervention research for students with EBDs in the last 10 years (2010–2019). Of the intervention research available, the quality (40% did not meet What Works Clearinghouse standards) and effectiveness on student outcomes across academic, behavioral, and social skills domains was variable (between-case standardized mean difference [BC-SMD] = 0.13–8.26, Hedges' g = −0.30 to 1.29). Future directions for the field of EBDs are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have examined factors of authors such as sex of author, gender identity, and seniority within the field of behavior analysis to determine if any biases towards a certain group existed. Most recently, Kranak et al. (2020) found that women and new authors are well‐represented in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). However, that analysis included only published manuscripts. Thus, the degree to which these subpopulations are proportionally represented is unknown, because that analysis was unable to determine how often these subpopulations are submitting manuscripts. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to extend Kranak et al. and analyze all accepted and rejected manuscripts submitted to JABA from 2015 – 2019. Results indicated that women and men had nearly identical acceptance rates during this time period, whereas veteran authors' acceptance rate was nearly 2.5 times greater than that of new authors. Implications for publishing, reviewing, and research mentorship practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on behavioral treatments working for migraine prevention. Topics include providing separate estimates for each dose and route of administration of each triptan; resulting from progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, behavioral management, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, mindfulness-based interventions, and hypnosis; and cognitive behavioral therapies leading to reductions in attacking frequency and disability.

The early development of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) can be characterized by the coming together of behavioral and cognitive traditions. However, the past decades have arguably seen more divergences than convergences within the field. The 9th World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies was held in Berlin in July 2019 with the congress theme "CBT at the Crossroads." This title reflected in part the coming together of people from all over the world, but also the fact that recent developments raise important questions about the future of CBT, including whether we can in fact treat it as a unified field. In this paper, we briefly trace the history of CBT, then introduce a special issue featuring a series of articles exploring different aspects of the past, present, and future of CBT. Finally, we reflect on the possible routes ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis is launching a special series on the topics of public health and telehealth. The special series begins with the articles in this issue and will continue for the next 2 to 3 issues with an open submission window until September 1, 2020. Behavior analysis has much to offer with respect to public health and much to gain from continued and expanded use of telehealth. This paper outlines the importance of these topics in the current crisis and in our ongoing evolution as a field. The historical literature in behavior analysis is reviewed for each topic along with suggestions for future research. The articles from the special series will be combined with historical contributions from JABA into a virtual issue. We encourage continued submissions on these topics even after the special series is completed as future papers will also be incorporated into the special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors highlight the necessity for studies on long-term treatment effects for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Topics discussed include the executive functioning improvements in the second dose of ecological executive skills training for children with ADHD based on a study, importance of parent-mediated treatment in behavior interventions based on two meta-analyses, and the challenge associated with determining the long-term efficacy of ADHD behavioral treatments.

Carefully controlled clinical trials have determined that theory-based behavioral interventions delivered by adherence nurses, professional and paraprofessional counselors, and case managers improve ART adherence and viral suppression. However, there are no studies that empirically inform how much intervention is needed for which patient populations and at what cost. This Editorial raises the issue of how a lack of intervention dosing limits interpretation of trial results and impedes implementation, therefore calling for behavioral intervention dose-finding studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors convey their concerns on Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) dose for children with autism spectrum disorder. Topics mentioned include the positive impact of EIBI on intelligence quotient, communication, and behavior use, how EIBI is implemented in community programs, and the general consensus that intervention should be individualized based on child characteristics and family factors.

In this investigation, we (a) define the desirable features of publication‐quality, single‐case design graphs based on recommendations in the scholarly literature, (b) suggest GraphPad Prism as a suitable graphing program for creating graphs with those features, and (c) develop and validate a video‐modeling tutorial designed to train behavior technicians to create such graphs. Our review identified nine commonly recommended features, and Prism facilitated the creation of graphs with those features. We evaluated the effects of a video‐modeling tutorial on graphing performance in Prism using a multiple‐baseline design. All four technicians showed mastery‐level graphing accuracy with accompanying increases in efficiency following training, which maintained at follow‐up without direct feedback from an expert behavior analyst. Social‐validity measures found the posttraining graphs to be significantly better than publication quality. We discuss these findings relative to challenges of developing efficient and effective staff‐training tutorials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the psychological therapies for chronic pain are well established and have been deployed for decades as part of empirically has supported interdisciplinary pain management programs. Topics include the most venerable and frequently encountered psychological approach to chronic pain management is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and the psychological treatments has been part of an extension of CBT that has taken place for new cognitive and affective approaches.

The article discusses some of the controversies over psychedelic drugs in managing a variety of psychiatric disorders. The discovery of lysergic acid diethyamide, or LSD, was said to be a strong contributor to the neuroscientific model that took hold in the 1950s and 1960s. Some investigators in Europe and the U.S. re-initiated human studies with psychedelics during the 1990s. It is noted that the mechanisms underlying psychedelic efficacy might be biological and psychological.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue, including positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) in schools, the students' perceptions of school climate in rural and urban settings, and implementation fidelity of PBIS in the said settings.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various changes within the issue "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" including innovative works, sematic replication of our behavior-change technology, and systematic views.

The author offers observation on the role of the psychosocial palliative care professionals. Topics discussed include information on a study which challenged the assumption that palliative care alleviates the psychological distress experienced by patients and family caregivers, and staff that could be better equipped to respond to the multi-dimensional psychological and spiritual concerns of patients who are nearing the end of life.

An introduction is presented in which author discusses articles on topics including focuses on Peter Mackereth, Ann Carter, and Paula Maycock who discuss how to handle anxiety for those with needle phobia and Madeleine Kerkhof addresses anxiety produced by and care of skin tear in an elderly woman.

The article offers information on the hypothesis for migraine progression in which risk factors are linked to persistent activation of the trigeminovascular pathway. It discussed prevention and treatment of chronic migraine (CM) that may be achieved through interventions which prevent trigeminovascular activation.

An introduction to the journal is presented that focuses on issues related to learning disabilities, including participation of people with learning disabilities in end-of-life care research, attitudes of support workers towards the affective and sexual lives of people with intellectual disabilities, and challenges concerning attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that is often misdiagnosed in people with learning disabilities.

The author discusses the need for public health interventions to address obesity and similar racial health disparities in minority children within the U.S.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including psychological aspects of palliative care; high-quality research at the intersection of palliative care; and clinical psychology.

An editorial is presented on the mission of the Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions (JPBI) is to extend the research and practice of positive behavioral supports for individuals in school, and community settings, with a focus on comprehensive outcomes in the lives of children, and adults. Topics include JPBI as a collective format knowledge is to be shared to improve quality of life for people and JBPI is a space for the scholarship of positive interventions focused on skill acquisition.

Accessible Summary: Some of the papers in this issue focus on supporting people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour.One paper is about support during Covid‐19 times and some papers are about therapy support following difficult times in people's lives, including (alleged) abuse.There are also papers about using mobile phones, learning to do research, and parents adjusting to advocate for their child with learning disabilities.In journal updates, the editors will be discussing accessibility of journal papers with the authors of the In Response papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four articles examining methodological applications of exposure therapy and its limited dissemination were briefly reviewed. Methodological articles included those by Abramowitz et al., Gryczkowski et al., and Weiner and McKay, which addressed couple treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), modification of evidence-based anxiety treatments for children, and novel exposure methods for depersonalization and derealization, respectively. The creative aspects of these innovations are highlighted as well as historical parallels in the empirical literature for both anxiety and other clinical phenomena. Underutilization and limited dissemination concerns are discussed in the context of the fourth article by Hipol and Deacon and as related to the field as a whole. A unique concept, exposaphobia, is hypothesized to explain the lack of clinicians’ utilization of this technique, due to their own anxiety-driven inhibitions in using it. Suggestions for the future of exposure research and dissemination are made. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents an editorial in which the authors present a research agenda based on topics in the special series of articles in the issue on positive behaviour support (PBS). Research recommendations include subjects such as behavioural episodic severity, comprehensive functional assessment (CFA), and crisis resolution.

An introduction is presented in which the guest editors discuss articles in the special edition of the journal on developments in the field of couple therapy and review therapeutic models like integrated systemic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

With this issue, the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders marks 35 years of publishing Behavioral Disorders. The journal has chronicled an historic time in the field of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) with its first volume appearing around the passage of P.L. 94-142 and maturing into the lead journal in the field representing thousands of dedicated educators, related professionals, advocates, and children and youth with EBD and their families. This article provides a review and summary of all previous issue of Behavioral Disorders, volume 1(1) to 34(4), focusing on key trends of what has been published over the past 3 1/2 decades. Implications for the journal and EBD field are discussed throughout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author discusses the journal's article base and acknowledges individuals who have played a role in the publication of the journal, including authors, editors and members of the editorial board, along with individuals, including Jason Bourret, Jonathan Ivy and Julie Weiss, who have served as reviewers for the journal.

The author reflects on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an era of unstable international politics and asymmetric warfare. Topics include the recognition by the American Psychiatric Association of PTSD in 1980, the adoption by military psychiatrists of the PTSD concept to asses the mental health of active personnel and veterans, and a study in England and Wales showing that one in 13 children experienced PTSD before reaching 18 years of age.

The article is seeking nominations for the post of periodical's editor, along with periodical dealing with research-based principles of positive behavior support for use in school, home, and community settings with people with challenges in behavioral adaptation.

An introduction to the journal is presented that focuses on the prevalence, diagnoses, causes, and risk factors of alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, their co-occurrence, and treatment for individuals facing both conditions.

The paper by Greven and colleagues (this issue) is intensifying discussion how research on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be moved away from the deficit‐focused view to a concept, which is oriented towards resources a patient might be able to recruit to function at a high‐level despite impairments. To promote understanding of high‐functioning (HF)‐ADHD, more longitudinal studies are required employing neuropsychologic, neuroimaging and neurobiologic approaches, with focus on compensatory mechanisms during fronto‐striatal‐amygdala maturation and adult plasticity as well as epigenetic modification marker screening strategies to identify homoeostatic processes of resilience in endophenotypic traits related to coping styles of target groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles within the issue on topics including anorexia nervosa (AN), public health, and body dysmorphic disorder.

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses reports within the issue on topics including the Zika virus, early intervention program for infants and toddlers, and parent self-efficacy and child language.