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This paper proposes a comprehensive methodological framework to investigate the potential role of the grid-connected battery swapping station (BSS) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability in improving the reliability of supply in future distribution networks. For this aim, we first develop an empirical model for describing the energy demand of electric vehicles (EVs) and their resultant available generation capacity (AGC) that can be utilized for BSS operation. Then, on this basis, a quantitative method to quantify the effect of grid-connected BSS on distribution system reliability is proposed. In order to capture the uncertainties associated with EV users' behaviors, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) methods were utilized to obtain the time series of the BSS traffic flow and initial State of Charge (SOC) of each EV battery, according to the probability distribution of corresponding uncertain factors whose statistics are obtained from real-world historical data. Compared with existing works in this research field, the main contributions of this paper are threefold. (i) A comprehensive and efficient method to assess the reliability benefits of BSS with an explicit consideration of BSS characteristics (including physical structure, charging strategy, and swapping model) is proposed, which is in contrast to most of the extant studies that only focus on the EV fast-charging paradigm and thus provide a practical tool to analyze the potential value of BSS resources in future distribution systems. (ii) The randomness of EV user behaviors in BSS operation is explicitly modeled and considered. (iii) The LHS-based sequential simulation is used to improve the accuracy and convergence performance of the evaluation, as compared to the traditional Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, numerical studies are conducted based on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The simulation results show that with V2G capabilities, BSS can improve reliability to a certain extent and reduce the adverse impact on the reliability of the distribution network. In addition, EV resources should be orderly managed and exploited; otherwise, uncoordinated charging activities could impose a negative impact on the reliability performance of distribution networks. Finally, it is also shown that under the same sampling time, LHS-based sequential simulation could be better than SMCS in the accuracy and convergence speed of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A refined BSS model suitable for exact solution of optimal scheduling is proposed. • A rolling optimization scheduling model of the distribution system with BSS is established. • A comprehensive assessment framework for reliability and economy of distribution system with BSS is proposed. • Reliability and economic indexes of the distribution system under different BSS scheduling strategy, BSS location and control parameters are analyzed. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to investigate the potential role of grid-connected battery swapping station (BSS) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in improving the economy and reliability of the distribution system. For this aim, we first develop an empirical operating model considering operating characteristics of the distribution system with the BSS explicitly. Then, on this basis, a rolling optimization scheduling model of the distribution network is established. In particular, a refined BSS model including a new calculation method of available generation capacity (AGC) is included. Finally, a quantitative method to quantify the effect of BSS on reliability and economy of distribution networks is proposed. Compared with existing works, the main contribution of this paper is threefold. (i) A battery-level BSS operational model including AGC calculation is proposed to fully explore the V2G potential of the BSS. (ii) A rolling optimization scheduling model is established, which fully exploits the potential interaction between economy and reliability of system operation. (iii) An assessment framework is proposed to analyze the special value of BSS resources from aspects of both economy improvement and reliability enhancement, which can provide more practical instruction for BSS planning. Numerical studies are conducted based on IEEE 33-bus distribution network to verify the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. The simulation results show that if V2G of the BSS is orderly exploited and managed, the net profit of the distribution system will increase by 11.97%, and system expected energy not supplied (SEENS) will decrease by 14.34%. The reliability and economy are two contradictory factors, the dispatch model we proposed can achieve better economy with the same reliability level. The location of the BSS also has important effect of the economy and reliability of distribution system. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]