Quantifying the contribution of EV battery swapping stations to the economic and reliability performance of future distribution system.

• A refined BSS model suitable for exact solution of optimal scheduling is proposed. • A rolling optimization scheduling model of the distribution system with BSS is established. • A comprehensive assessment framework for reliability and economy of distribution system with BSS is proposed. • Reliability and economic indexes of the distribution system under different BSS scheduling strategy, BSS location and control parameters are analyzed. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to investigate the potential role of grid-connected battery swapping station (BSS) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in improving the economy and reliability of the distribution system. For this aim, we first develop an empirical operating model considering operating characteristics of the distribution system with the BSS explicitly. Then, on this basis, a rolling optimization scheduling model of the distribution network is established. In particular, a refined BSS model including a new calculation method of available generation capacity (AGC) is included. Finally, a quantitative method to quantify the effect of BSS on reliability and economy of distribution networks is proposed. Compared with existing works, the main contribution of this paper is threefold. (i) A battery-level BSS operational model including AGC calculation is proposed to fully explore the V2G potential of the BSS. (ii) A rolling optimization scheduling model is established, which fully exploits the potential interaction between economy and reliability of system operation. (iii) An assessment framework is proposed to analyze the special value of BSS resources from aspects of both economy improvement and reliability enhancement, which can provide more practical instruction for BSS planning. Numerical studies are conducted based on IEEE 33-bus distribution network to verify the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. The simulation results show that if V2G of the BSS is orderly exploited and managed, the net profit of the distribution system will increase by 11.97%, and system expected energy not supplied (SEENS) will decrease by 14.34%. The reliability and economy are two contradictory factors, the dispatch model we proposed can achieve better economy with the same reliability level. The location of the BSS also has important effect of the economy and reliability of distribution system. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]