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12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, ZURICH, SUISSE, 18-/06/2017 - 22/06/2017; Objectives: Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health and particularly on sleep. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and subjective sleep quality in the population living near airports in France. Methods: Sleep interview was made through a questionnaire administered to 1,244 residents of three major French airports: Paris-CDG, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse-Blagnac. For each participant, aircraft noise exposure was estimated at home using noise maps. Logisticregression models were used with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Aircraft noise exposure was associated with the risk of being a short sleeper (sleep duration £ 6h), and with the feeling of tiredness while awakening in the morning. An increase of 10 dBA in aircraft noise level at night was respectively associated with an OR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.16 to 2.35) and an OR of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.63). Conclusion: These findings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that aircraft noise exposure at nighttime may decrease subjective quality of sleep.

Background: Noise in the vicinity of airports is a crucial public health issue. Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health and particularly on sleep. Many studies support the hypothesis that noise at night can affect subjective sleep quality. Fewer studies, however, have performed objective measurements of sleep. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and objective parameters assessed by actigraphy of sleep quality in the population living near two French airports. Methods: This study includes 112 participants living in the vicinity of Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Toulouse-Blagnac airports. Wrist actigraphy measurements were performed during eight nights to evaluate objective parameters of sleep quality such as sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TB) and sleep efficiency (SE). Acoustic measurements were made simultaneously both inside the participants' bedrooms and outside (at the exterior frontage) in order to estimate aircraft noise levels. Energy indicators related to the sound energetic average for a given period of time, as well as indicators related to noise events (such as the number of events that exceed a given threshold for example) were estimated. Logistic and linear regression models were used, taking into account potential confounders: age; gender; marital status; education; and body mass index (BMI). Results: Energy indicators, and more particularly indicators related to noise events, were significantly associated with objective parameters of sleep quality. Increased levels of aircraft noise and increased numbers of aircraft noise events increased the time required for sleep onset (SOL) and the total wake time after sleep onset (WASO), and decreased sleep efficiency (SE). An association was also observed between aircraft noise exposure and an increase in total sleep time (TST) and time in bed (TB). Conclusion: The findings of the present study contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that nocturnal aircraft noise exposure may decrease objective quality of sleep. Aircraft noise exposure affects objective parameters of sleep quality, not only in terms of noise levels but also in terms of number of events. Mechanisms for adapting to sleep deprivation could be observed.

Background: Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health, particularly on sleep. Exposure to nighttime aircraft noise clearly affects sleep architecture, as well as subjective sleep quality. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and subjective sleep quality in the population living near airports in France. Methods: A total of 1,244 individuals older than 18 and living near three French airports (Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupery and Toulouse-Blagnac) were randomly selected to participate in the study. Information on sleep as well as health, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was collected by means of a face-to-face questionnaire performed at their place of residence by an interviewer. For each participant, aircraft noise exposure was estimated at home using noise maps. Logistic regression models were used with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Aircraft noise exposure was significantly associated with a short total sleep time (TST) (£ 6 h) and with the feeling of tiredness while awakening in the morning. An increase of 10 dB(A) in aircraft noise level at night was associated with an OR of 1.63 (95%CI: 1.15-2.32) for a short TST and an OR of 1.23 (95%CI: 1.00-1.54) for the feeling of tiredness while awakening in the morning. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that aircraft noise exposure at nighttime may decrease the subjective amount and quality of sleep.

Atelier technique sur les cohortes environnementales, BIVIERS, FRANCE, 05-/11/2019 - 05/11/2019; L'objectif de DEBATS est de mieux connaître et de mieux quantifier les effets du bruit des avions sur la santé des populations riveraines des aéroports français. Il s'agit d'adopter une approche globale en caractérisant les relations entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et les états de santé des riverains d'aéroport à la fois sur le plan physique et mental mais aussi en termes de gêne ressentie. En 2013, 1 244 riverains des aéroports de Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac et Lyon-Saint-Exupéry ont répondu à un questionnaire administré par un enquêteur à leur domicile concernant leur état de santé (perturbations du sommeil, pathologies cardiovasculaires, troubles anxio-dépressifs et gêne ressentie due au bruit des avions). L'enquêteur a également mesuré la pression artérielle et la fréquence cardiaque des participants et leur a demandé de prélever un échantillon de leur salive pour déterminer la concentration de cortisol salivaire (marqueur des états de stress). Ces participants ont été réinterrogés en 2015 et en 2017. Un sous-échantillon de 100 riverains a participé à une deuxième étude plus spécifique sur le sommeil avec des mesures acoustiques.

Réunion AdP, PARIS, FRANCE, 01-/07/2019 - 01/07/2019; Présentation de la méthodologie adoptée dans DEBATS et des premiers résultats au Groupe Aéroports de Paris

Contexte : Le cortisol, reflet de l'activité de l'axe hypothalamo-pituito-surrénalien (HPS), est un marqueur possible du stress induit par l'exposition au bruit des transports et pourrait se positionner comme un facteur intermédiaire dans la relation entre cette exposition et la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, les effets de l'exposition au bruit des transports sur la sécrétion de cortisol sont encore largement discutés. Objectif : L'objectif de l'étude est de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et la variation journalière du cortisol salivaire. Méthodes : En 2013, 954 participants âgés de 18 ans et plus ont prélevé deux échantillons de leur salive, un au lever et un au coucher. Des informations relatives à leur état de santé, leur statut socioéconomique et leurs habitudes de vie ont été collectées grâce à un questionnaire administré en face-à-face par un enquêteur à leur domicile. L'exposition moyenne au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir de cartes de bruit. Des modèles de régression log-linéaire ont été ajustés afin d'évaluer l'effet de cette exposition sur la variation horaire journalière des niveaux de cortisol salivaire. Résultats : L'exposition au bruit des avions serait associée à une diminution statistiquement significative de la variation horaire du cortisol salivaire au cours de la journée, avec des niveaux de cortisol inchangés au lever, mais plus élevés au coucher. Cette exposition engendrerait ainsi une modification du cycle physiologique de la sécrétion du cortisol. Conclusion: Ces résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'exposition au bruit des avions serait génératrice d'un stress psychologique induisant une perturbation du fonctionnement endocrinien et du cycle circadien du cortisol. Cette relation pourrait contribuer à favoriser l'émergence de pathologies cardiovasculaires.

Background: Many studies have demonstrated adverse effects of exposure to aircraft noise on health. Possible biological pathways for these effects include hormonal disturbances. Few studies deal with aircraft noise effects on saliva cortisol in adults, and results are inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of aircraft noise exposure on saliva cortisol levels and its variation in people living near airports. Methods: This study focused on the 1300 residents included in the HYENA and DEBATS cross-sectional studies, with complete information on cortisol sampling. All the participants followed a similar procedure aiming to collect both a morning and an evening saliva cortisol samples. Socioeconomic and lifestyle information were obtained during a face-to-face interview. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated for each participant's home address. Associations between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes were investigated a priori for male and female separately, using linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Different approaches were used to characterize cortisol levels, such as morning and evening cortisol concentrations and the absolute and relative variations between morning and evening levels. Results: Statistically significant increases of evening cortisol levels were shown in women with a 10-dB(A) increase in aircraft noise exposure in terms of LAeq, 16h (exp(?) = 1.08; CI95% = 1.00-1.16), Lden (exp(?) = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18), Lnight (exp(?) = 1.11; CI95% = 1.02-1.20). A statistically significant association was also found in women between a 10-dB(A) increase in terms of Lnight and the absolute variation per hour (exp(?) = 0.90; CI95% = 0.80-1.00). Statistically significant decreases in relative variation per hour were also evidenced in women, with stronger effects with the Lnight (exp(?) = 0.89; CI95% = 0.83-0.96) than with other noise indicators. The morning cortisol levels were unchanged whatever noise exposure indicator considered. There was no statistically significant association between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes in men. Conclusions: The results of the present study show statistically significant associations between aircraft noise exposure and evening cortisol levels and related flattening in the (absolute and relative) variations per hour in women. Further biological research is needed to deepen knowledge of the pathway between noise exposure and disturbed hormonal regulation, and specially the difference in effects between genders.

47th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (inter-noise 2018) , CHICAGO, ETATS-UNIS, 26-/08/2018 - 29/08/2018; Aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health and particularly on sleep. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between aircraft noise exposure and objective sleep quality in the population living near airports in France. Methods: Actimetric measurements were performed during eight nights to evaluate sleep quality of 112 participants in terms of total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake time and sleep efficiency. Simultaneously, acoustic measurements were performed inside and outside (at the façade) the participants' bedroom in order to estimate integrated indicators as well as the number of noise events. Logistic regression models were used with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Integrated indicators as well as the number of noise events were significantly associated with objective sleep quality: increased levels or numbers of aircraft noise events increased time to fall asleep and total wake time, but decreased sleep efficiency. Unexpectedly, they also increased total sleep time, and time in bed, and delayed get up time. These latter results can be interpreted as an adaptation mechanism to sleep deprivation. Conclusion: Noise event indicators have been shown to be more often associated with sleep disturbances than integrated indicators.

EUROEPI 2018, European Congress of Epidemiology , Lyon, FRANCE, 04-/07/2018 - 06/07/2018; Background: Noise in the areas near airports is considered as a public health issue. Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health and particularly on sleep. Sleep disturbances are the most investigated health effects related to environmental noise. Many studies support that noise at night can affect subjective and objective sleep quality. If habituation to noise can be observed for subjective sleep quality, no habituation has been shown with objective sleep quality. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of aircraft noise on sleep quality with objective measurements at home. No such studies have been performed around French airports. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between aircraft noise exposure and objective sleep quality in the population living near airports in France. Methods: Our study includes 112 people living around Paris-CDG and Toulouse-Blagnac airports. Actimetric measurements were performed during eight nights to objectively evaluate the sleep quality of the participants in terms of sleep onset latency, wake time, total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Simultaneously, acoustic measurements were performed inside and outside (at the bedroom façade) the participants' bedroom in order to identify aircraft noise and to evaluate the impact of this noise in the participants' bedroom. Thus, integrated (that is related to energetic average for a given period of time) as well as noise event indicators (that is the number of events that exceed a given threshold) were estimated. Logistic regression models taking into account measurements repetition were used with adjustment for potential confounders: age, gender, marital status, education and body mass index (BMI). Results and discussion: Integrated indicators as well as noise event indicators were significantly associated with objective sleep quality. Increased levels of aircraft noise or increased numbers of aircraft noise events increased time to fall asleep, total wake time and decreased sleep efficiency. Unexpectedly, they also increased total sleep time, time in bed and delayed get up time. This latter result can be interpreted as an adaptation mechanism to sleep deprivation. If deterioration of the sleep quality has been observed with an increase in time to fall asleep and in total wake time, a process of recovery and sleep maintenance has been shown with an increase in total sleep time. Noise event indicators seemed to be more often associated with sleep disturbances than integrated indicators. Increased numbers of noise events during the sleep period have been found to degrade objective sleep quality. Conclusion: The present study is the first one to investigate the effects of aircraft noise exposure around French airports on sleep quality evaluated with objective measurements. The findings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that aircraft noise exposure at nighttime may decrease objective quality of sleep. Aircraft noise exposure affects objective sleep quality whatever the type of noise indicator. In front of this nuisance, adaptation mechanisms to sleep deprivation could be observed.

Conseil national du bruit 2018, PARIS, FRANCE, 11-/06/2018 - 11/06/2018; Présentation des premiers résultats de la phase d'inclusion de DEBATS au Conseil National du Bruit

Objective - In 2009, a meta-analysis reported an increased risk of hypertension (HTA) related to long-term aircraft noise exposure. One of the objectives of the Debats (Discussion sur les effets du bruit des aéronefs touchant la santé) study was to assess the prevalence of HTA and to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and the risk of HTA among people living near airports in France. Methods - Blood pressure was measured for 1,244 participants living near three French airports: Paris-Charlesde-Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry, and Toulouse-Blagnac. Information about major risk factors for HTA was collected by means of a face-to-face questionnaire or by means of objective measures performed by an interviewer. Aircraft noise exposure was estimated for each participant's home address using noise maps produced by the airports. The major risk factors for HTA were included in logistic regression models as confounding factors. Results - The prevalence of HTA was significantly higher in men (37.0%) than in women (30.5%). A significant relationship was evidenced between the risk of HTA and aircraft noise exposure at night for men, not for women. A 10 dB(A) increase in Lnight was associated with an ORa of 1.34 (95%CI: [1.00-1.97]) for men, and of 0.90 [0.66-1.22] for women. Conclusion - These ndings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that aircraft noise exposure may increase the risk of HTA in men.; Objectif - En 2009, une méta-analyse a mis en évidence une augmentation du risque d'hypertension artérielle (HTA) avec l'exposition au bruit des avions. Un des objectifs de l'étude Debats (Discussion sur les effets du bruit des aéronefs touchant la santé), réalisée en 2013, était de décrire la prévalence de l'HTA et de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et le risque d'HTA chez les riverains des aéroports en France. Méthodes - La pression artérielle a été mesurée chez 1 244 riverains des aéroports de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac. Des informations relatives aux facteurs de risque potentiels d'HTA ont été recueillies, soit via un questionnaire administré en face-à-face par un enquêteur, soit grâce à des mesures objectives réalisées par cet enquêteur. L'exposition au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir de cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. Les facteurs de risque potentiels de l'HTA ont été inclus dans des modèles de régression logistique comme facteurs de confusion. Résultats - La prévalence de l'HTA est significativement plus élevée chez les hommes (37,0%) que chez les femmes (30,5%). Une augmentation significative du risque d'HTA est observée chez les hommes (ORa=1,34, IC95%: [1,00-1,97]), mais pas chez les femmes (ORa=0,90 [0,66-1,22]) pour une augmentation de 10 dB(A) de l'exposition au bruit des avions pendant la nuit. Conclusion - Ces résultats confirment ceux de la plupart des études antérieures, qui suggèrent que l'exposition au bruit des avions pendant la nuit augmenterait le risque d'HTA chez les hommes.

Objectives The largest study until now around 6 major European airports, the HYENA (HYpertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports) study, reported an excess risk of hypertension related to long-term aircraft noise exposure. The DEBATS (Discussion on the health effects of aircraft noise) study investigated the relationship between this exposure and the risk of hypertension in men and in women near French airports. Methods Blood pressure of 1244 participants older than 18 years of age was measured. Information about health, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was collected by means of a face-to-face questionnaire performed at home by an interviewer. Aircraft noise exposure was assessed for each participant9s home address using noise maps. They were calculated with the Integrated Noise Model with a 1 dB(A)-resolution. The major potential confounders being risk factors for hypertension were included in the logistic regression models: age, occupational activity, body mass index, physical activity and alcohol consumption. Results After adjustment for the main potential confounders, an exposure–response relationship was evidenced between the risk of hypertension and aircraft noise exposure at night for men only. A 10-dB(A) increase in L night was associated with an OR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.97). Conclusions These findings contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that aircraft noise exposure at night-time may increase the risk of hypertension in men. Hypertension is a well-known and established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The association reported in the present study between aircraft noise and hypertension implies that aircraft noise might be a risk factor also for cardiovascular disease.

12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, ZURICH, SUISSE, 18-/06/2017 - 22/06/2017; The impact of exposure to aircraft noise on health is of growing concern because of a steady rise in flights. While many studies address the annoyance associated with aircraft noise, very few studies consider the health status perceived by the population itself. We investigated associations between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health for people living near airports in France. The DEBATS longitudinal study included 1,244 residents around three French airports: Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac, and Lyon-Saint-Exupéry. Information about perceived health was assessed by a face-to-face questionnaire. Aircraft noise exposure was evaluated for each participant's home address. Associations with perceived health were investigated using logistic regressions including relevant confounders.No association was found between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health. After stratification on gender, significant associations were observed for men: OR=1.55 (95%CI=1.02-2.35) per 10-dB(A) Lnight-increase. The associations observed in this study could be due to residual confounding or to declaration bias which cannot be excluded. Further studies are necessary in order to better understand these associations.

Background Noise in the vicinity of airports is a public health problem. Many laboratory studies have shown that heart rate is altered during sleep after exposure to road or railway noise. Fewer studies have looked at the effects of exposure to aircraft noise on heart rate during sleep in populations living near airports. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the sound pressure level (SPL) of aircraft noise and heart rate during sleep in populations living near airports in France. Methods In total, 92 people living near the Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Toulouse-Blagnac airports participated in this study. Heart rate was recorded every 15 s during one night, using an Actiheart monitor, with simultaneous measurements of SPL of aircraft noise inside the participants&rsquo, bedrooms. Energy and event-related indicators were then estimated. Mixed linear regression models were applied, taking into account potential confounding factors, to investigate the relationship between energy indicators and heart rate during sleep measured every 15 s. Event-related analyses were also carried out in order to study the effects of an acoustic event associated with aircraft noise on heart rate during sleep. Results The more the SPL from all sources (LAeq,15s) and the SPL exceeded for 90% of the measurement period (LA90,15s) increased, the more heart rate also increased. No significant associations were observed between the maximum 1-s equivalent SPL associated with aircraft overflight (LAmax,1s) and differences between the heart rate recorded during or 15 or 30 s after an aircraft noise event and that recorded before the event. On the other hand, a positive and significant association was found between LAmax,1s and the heart rate amplitude calculated during an aircraft noise event. Results were unchanged when analyses were limited to participants who had lived more than five years in their present dwelling. Conclusion Our study shows that exposure to the maximum SPL linked to aircraft overflight affect the heart rate during sleep of residents near airports. However, further studies on a larger number of participants over several nights are needed to confirm these results.

Congrès Société Française de Santé et Environnement , STRASBOURG, FRANCE, 28-/11/2016 - 29/11/2016; Contexte / Context : La réduction des nuisances sonores dues aux avions a longtemps été considérée comme une préoccupation majeure des pouvoirs publics. Mais depuis quelques années, la problématique liée à la pollution de l'air à proximité des aéroports est venue s'ajouter à celle des nuisances sonores, ce qui soulève évidemment la question de la dissociation des effets du bruit de ceux de la pollution de l'air, en particulier sur les maladies cardiovasculaires. Méthodes / Methods : Nous avons réalisé une étude écologique s'intéressant non seulement à l'existence d'une association entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et la mortalité cardiovasculaire, mais aussi à l'impact de la pollution de l'air sur celle-ci. Cette étude a porté sur 161 communes situées à proximité de trois aéroports français majeurs : Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon Saint-Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac. Les données de mortalité ont été transmises par le Centre d'épidémiologie sur les causes médicales de décès de l'Inserm. L'exposition moyenne au bruit des avions, pondérée par la population, a été calculée au niveau de chaque commune à partir des cartes de bruit produites par la Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile. L'exposition moyenne à la pollution de l'air en termes de NO2 et de PM10 a été estimée grâce à des modèles de dispersion. Résultats et discussion / Results and discussion : L'association entre la mortalité cardiovasculaire et la concentration en NO2 ou PM10 est à la limite de la signification. Une association significative a été mise en évidence entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et la mortalité cardiovasculaire. Elle n'est pas atténuée lorsque la concentration en NO2 ou PM10 est prise en compte dans les modèles. Ces résultats confirment ainsi ceux d'études récentes qui suggèrent que la pollution de l'air ne modifie pas l'impact de l'exposition au bruit des avions sur la mortalité cardiovasculaire. Cependant d'autres études individuelles sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les associations mises en évidence dans cette recherche.

ADELF, Congrès de l'Association des Epidémiologistes de Langue Française, Rennes, FRANCE, 07-/09/2016 - 09/09/2016; INTRODUCTION - Une précédente recherche, HYENA (Hypertension et exposition au bruit à proximité des aéroports) a mis en évidence un excès de risque d'hypertension lié à l'exposition au bruit des avions à proximité de six aéroports européens. OBJECTIF - L'objectif de notre étude est de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre cette exposition et le risque d'hypertension chez des riverains des aéroports français. MÉTHODES - 1 244 riverains des aéroports de Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac et Lyon-Saint-Exupéry ont répondu à un questionnaire, administré par un enquêteur à leur domicile, décrivant leurs éventuels troubles de santé supposés en lien avec le bruit (perturbations du sommeil, pathologies cardiovasculaires, troubles anxio-dépressifs et gêne due au bruit des avions). L'enquêteur a également mesuré la pression artérielle systolique (PAS) et diastolique (PAD) des participants. Ceux-ci ont été classés comme hypertendus si leur PAS dépassait 140 mm de mercure ou leur PAD 90 mm (valeurs limites définies par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé) ou s'ils déclaraient avoir eu un diagnostic d'hypertension par un médecin et prendre un traitement antihypertenseur. L'exposition au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir des cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. Les facteurs de risque connus de l'hypertension ont été inclus dans les modèles de régression logistique comme facteurs de confusion. RÉSULTATS - Une association positive significative a été obserÎe pour une augmentation de l'exposition au bruit des avions pendant la nuit de 10 dBA chez les hommes (ORadj = 1,34, IC à 95% = 1,00-1,97), mais pas chez les femmes (ORadj = 0,90, IC à 95% = 0,66-1,22). DISCUSSION - Les résultats de la présente étude confirment ceux de la plupart des études antérieures qui suggèrent que l'exposition au bruit des avions pendant la nuit augmenterait le risque d'hypertension chez les hommes.

VIIème Congrès international d'Epidémiologie ADELF-EPITER, Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, RENNES, FRANCE, 07-/09/2016 - 09/09/2016; INTRODUCTION - Le cortisol est un marqueur possible du stress induit par l'exposition au bruit. Il pourrait être un facteur intermédiaire dans la relation entre l'exposition au bruit des transports et la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, les études sur le sujet sont peu nombreuses. OBJECTIF - L'objectif de notre étude est de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre la concentration de cortisol salivaire et l'exposition au bruit des avions chez des riverains des aéroports français. MÉTHODES - 1244 riverains des aéroports de Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac et Lyon-Saint-Exupéry ont répondu à un questionnaire décrivant leurs éventuels troubles de santé supposés en lien avec le bruit (perturbations du sommeil, pathologies cardiovasculaires, troubles anxio-dépressifs et gêne due au bruit des avions). Ils ont également préleÎ un échantillon de leur salive au lever et au coucher (la sécrétion physiologique de cortisol étant maximale entre 6h et 8h du matin, diminuant ensuite pour être presque nulle vers minuit). La concentration en cortisol de ces prélèvements a été déterminée par technique immunoenzymatique. L'exposition au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir des cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. Des modèles de régressions linéaires ont été ajustés sur le logarithme de la variation horaire du cortisol avec prise en compte de facteurs de confusion potentiels. RÉSULTATS - Une baisse significative de la variation horaire du cortisol a été obserÎe lorsque l'exposition au bruit des avions augmente de 10 dBA (0,90, IC95%=0,74-1,00). DISCUSSION - La présente étude suggère une variation nycthémérale du taux de cortisol moins prononcée chez les individus les plus exposés au bruit des avions. Ceux-ci réguleraient donc moins bien leur sécrétion de cortisol, signature d'un stress généré par leur exposition au bruit des avions. Ces résultats restent cependant à être confirmés par des études de plus grande ampleur.

TAP 2016, 21st International Transport and Air Pollution Conference, LYON, FRANCE, 24-/05/2016 - 26/05/2016; The health impact of living in the vicinity of an airport has been of growing concern. The reduction of aircraft noise nuisance has been considered to be the main issue for a long time but in recent years, the question of air pollution around airports has been raised. Air pollution has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease (Brook et al (2010)). As several studies have shown an association between aircraft noise exposure and hypertension (Babisch and van Kamp (2009)) or mortality from cardiovascular disease (Huss et al (2010), Hansell et al (2013)), concerns for disentangling the effects of air pollution and of noise on cardiovascular outcomes have increased. We performed an ecological study addressing the issue of an association between exposure to aircraft noise and mortality for cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. A secondary aim was to examine if this association was modified when air pollution was taken into account. The study was based on 161 communes (the smallest administrative unit in France) close to three major French airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse-Blagnac. The mortality data were provided by the French Center on Medical Causes of Death. Based on noise maps produced by the French Civil Aviation Authority with the 'Integrated Noise Model', a population-weighted average exposure to aircraft noise was computed at the commune level. The average air pollution exposure for both NO2 and PM10 indicators was estimated with dispersion modelling by Airparif institute for the Paris area, and by Air Rhône-Alpes institute for the Lyon area (data for the Toulouse area were missing). The average concentration in NO2 was estimated to 22.3 mg/m3, the average concentration in PM10 to 23.9 mg/m3 and the average exposure to aircraft noise to 49.6 dBA, as shown in Table 1. NO2 and PM10 concentrations were positively correlated. NO2 concentrations were moderately correlated to aircraft noise levels while PM10 concentrations were not. Regardless of aircraft noise, neither NO2 nor PM10 concentrations were significantly associated with mortality. However, positive associations were observed between exposure to aircraft noise and mortality for all causes of interest except stroke. These associations were not attenuated when air pollution was taken into account. The present study seems to confirm the findings of recent studies suggesting that air pollution does not appear to be a confounding factor in the relationship between aircraft noise and mortality from cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, the potential for ecological bias and the possibility that this association could be due to unmeasured factors cannot be excluded. Further individual studies are necessary in order to better understand this association. This work was supported by funds from the French Ministry of Health, the French Ministry of Environment, and the French Civil Aviation Authority.

INTRODUCTION – L’exposition au bruit des avions pourrait avoir des conséquences importantes pour la santé. Toutefois, celles-ci sont actuellement insuffisamment évaluées, tout du moins en France. La DGS en collaboration avec l’Acnusa a donc sollicité l’Ifsttar pour mettre en place un programme de recherche épidémiologique appelé DEBATS. OBJECTIF – L’objectif est de mieux connaître et d’évaluer les effets du bruit des avions sur la santé des riverains d’aéroports. MÉTHODES – Menée auprès de riverains de trois aéroports français (Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac), DEBATS comprend : Une étude écologique consistant à mettre en relation des indicateurs de santé agrégés à l’échelle de la commune (consommations de soins prescrits et remboursés par l’assurance maladie, vente de médicaments par les pharmacies hors remboursements, mortalité toutes causes et pour certaines causes spécifiques) avec le niveau moyen pondéré d’exposition au bruit des avions des communes concernées. Une étude longitudinale incluant 1 244 sujets. La gêne et l’état de santé sont évalués par questionnaire (perturbations du sommeil, troubles cardiaques ischémiques, hypertension, troubles anxio-dépressifs), et par la mesure de variables physiopathologiques (tension artérielle, fréquence cardiaque, et cortisol salivaire). Une étude complémentaire portant sur un sous-échantillon d’une centaine de sujets et dont l’objectif est de caractériser de manière détaillée et spécifique les effets aigus du bruit des avions sur la qualité du sommeil tout en affinant la mesure de l’exposition au bruit.

Introduction : En France, peu d’études se sont intéressés aux effets du bruit des avions sur la santé, et en particulier sur la mortalité. L’objectif de l’étude écologique du programme de recherche DEBATS (Discussion sur les Effets du Bruit des Aéronefs Touchant la Santé) est d’étudier l’association entre le niveau d’exposition au bruit des avions et le risque de mortalité par maladies de l’appareil circulatoire. Méthodes : La zone d’étude comprend 161 communes riveraines de trois aéroports français : Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac et Lyon-Saint-Exupéry. L’exposition moyenne au bruit des avions de chaque commune a été estimée à partir des cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. Les données de mortalité par maladies de l’appareil circulatoire (CIM-10 : I00-I99) proviennent du CépiDc de l’Inserm pour la période 2007-2010. Afin d’estimer le risque de mortalité par niveau d’exposition au bruit, un modèle de Poisson à effets aléatoires ajusté sur l’âge moyen de la population, le pourcentage de femmes, le niveau socio-économique, le niveau de pollution, la densité de population et la zone géographique de la commune a été utilisé. Résultats : La mortalité par maladies de l’appareil circulatoire augmente significativement avec le niveau d’exposition au bruit : RR = 1,23 pour une augmentation de 10 dB(A), IC95% = (1,10 – 1,38) ; RR (>=60 dB(A) vs

While many surveys carried out both in France and abroad address aircraft noise annoyance or report adverse effects on sleep quality, much fewer consider at the same time the physiological effects of this noise exposure. The largest study to date, the HYENA study, has evidenced an association between aircraft noise exposure and hypertension. DEBATS is a research program (2011-2018) aiming to characterize the relations between aircraft noise exposure and the health status of the French population living in the vicinity of airports.

VIème Congrès International d'Epidémiologie - ADELF -EPITER, NICE, FRANCE, 10-/09/2014 - 12/09/2014; INTRODUCTION - Le cortisol salivaire est un marqueur possible du stress induit par l'exposition au bruit. Il pourrait se positionner comme un facteur intermédiaire dans la relation entre l'exposition au bruit des transports et la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, cette association n'est toujours pas claire. OBJECTIF - L'objectif de notre étude est de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre la concentration de cortisol salivaire et l'exposition au bruit des avions chez les riverains des aéroports français. MÉTHODES - Une étude pilote du programme de recherche DEBATS (Discussion sur les Effets du Bruit des Aéronefs Touchant la Santé) a été réalisée en 2011 afin de tester le protocole auprès d'une centaine de riverains de l'aéroport de Paris-Charles de Gaulle. Des instructions étaient données aux participants afin qu'ils prélèvent un échantillon de leur salive trente minutes après leur lever afin d'en déterminer la concentration en cortisol. Cette dernière atteint en effet un maximum trente minutes après le lever. L'exposition au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir des cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. RÉSULTATS - Une élévation de la concentration de cortisol salivaire a été obserÎe chez les participants exposés à des niveaux de bruit d'avions supérieurs à 55 dB(A) en termes de Lden comparativement à ceux exposés à des niveaux inférieurs à 50 dB(A). DISCUSSION - Les résultats de cette étude pilote suggèrent que l'exposition au bruit des avions augmenterait la concentration de cortisol salivaire au lever. Mais ils doivent être confirmés sur un plus grand nombre de sujets.