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5 results on '"Kwok, Sze Chai"'

1. Attentional cueing by cross-modal congruency produces both facilitation and inhibition on short-term visual recognition.

Author

Makovac E, Kwok SC, and Gerbino W

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Orientation physiology, Reaction Time physiology, Space Perception physiology, Young Adult, Attention physiology, Cues, Inhibition, Psychological, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Visual Perception physiology
Abstract

The attentional modulation of performance in a memory task, comparable to the one obtained in a perceptual task, is at the focus of contemporary research. We hypothesized that a biphasic effect (namely, facilitation followed by inhibition) can be obtained in visual working memory when attention is cued towards one item of the memorandum and participants must recognize a delayed probe as being identical to any item of the memorandum. In every trial, a delayed spiky/curvy probe appeared centrally, to be matched with the same-category shape maintained in visual working memory which could be either physically identical (positive trials) or only categorically similar (negative trials). To orient the participant's attention towards a selected portion of a two-item memorandum, a (tzk/wow) sound was played simultaneously with two lateral visual shapes (one spiky and one curved). Our results indicate that an exogenous attentional shift during perception of the memorandum, induced by a congruent audio-visual pairing, first facilitates and then inhibits the recognition of a cued item (but not of a non-cued item) stored in visual working memory. A coherent pattern of individual differences emerged, indicating that the amount of early facilitation in congruent-sound trials was negatively correlated with recognition sensitivity in no-sound trials (suggesting that the inverse effectiveness rule may also apply to memory) and positively correlated with later inhibition, as well as with the self-reported susceptibility to memory failures., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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2. Set-relevance determines the impact of distractors on episodic memory retrieval.

Author

Kwok SC, Shallice T, and Macaluso E

Subjects
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen blood, Parietal Lobe blood supply, Photic Stimulation, Young Adult, Attention physiology, Judgment physiology, Memory, Episodic, Mental Recall physiology, Parietal Lobe physiology, Set, Psychology
Abstract

We investigated the interplay between stimulus-driven attention and memory retrieval with a novel interference paradigm that engaged both systems concurrently on each trial. Participants encoded a 45-min movie on Day 1 and, on Day 2, performed a temporal order judgment task during fMRI. Each retrieval trial comprised three images presented sequentially, and the task required participants to judge the temporal order of the first and the last images ("memory probes") while ignoring the second image, which was task irrelevant ("attention distractor"). We manipulated the content relatedness and the temporal proximity between the distractor and the memory probes, as well as the temporal distance between two probes. Behaviorally, short temporal distances between the probes led to reduced retrieval performance. Distractors that at encoding were temporally close to the first probe image reduced these costs, specifically when the distractor was content unrelated to the memory probes. The imaging results associated the distractor probe temporal proximity with activation of the right ventral attention network. By contrast, the precuneus was activated for high-content relatedness between distractors and probes and in trials including a short distance between the two memory probes. The engagement of the right ventral attention network by specific types of distractors suggests a link between stimulus-driven attention control and episodic memory retrieval, whereas the activation pattern of the precuneus implicates this region in memory search within knowledge/content-based hierarchies.

Published
2014
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3. Unveiling the potential of machine learning in schizophrenia diagnosis: A meta‐analytic study of task‐based neuroimaging data.

Author

Wang, Xuan, Yan, Chao, Yang, Peng‐yuan, Xia, Zheng, Cai, Xin‐lu, Wang, Yi, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Chan, Raymond C.K.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, SCHIZOPHRENIA, BRAIN imaging, SELECTIVITY (Psychology), SHORT-term memory
Abstract

The emergence of machine learning (ML) techniques has opened up new avenues for identifying biomarkers associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) using task‐related fMRI (t‐fMRI) designs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 31 t‐fMRI studies using a bivariate model. Our findings revealed a high overall sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.82 for t‐fMRI studies. Notably, neuropsychological domains modulated the classification performance, with selective attention demonstrating a significantly higher specificity than working memory (β = 0.98, z = 2.11, P = 0.04). Studies involving older, chronic patients with SCZ reported higher sensitivity (P <0.015) and specificity (P <0.001) than those involving younger, first‐episode patients or high‐risk individuals for psychosis. Additionally, we found that the severity of negative symptoms was positively associated with the specificity of the classification model (β = 7.19, z = 2.20, P = 0.03). Taken together, these results support the potential of using task‐based fMRI data in combination with machine learning techniques to identify biomarkers related to symptom outcomes in SCZ, providing a promising avenue for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Future attempts to deploy ML classification should consider the factors of algorithm choice, data quality and quantity, as well as issues related to generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. The ebb and flow of attention: Between-subject variation in intrinsic connectivity and cognition associated with the dynamics of ongoing experience

Author

Kernbach, Julius, Yeo, B., Thiebaut De Schotten, Michel, Walter, Henrik, Sabuncu, Mert, Holmes, Avram, Gramfort, Alexandre, Varoquaux, Gaël, Thirion, Bertrand, Bzdok, Danilo, Milham, Michael, Ai, Lei, Koo, Bonhwang, Xu, Ting, Amiez, Céline, Balezeau, Fabien, Baxter, Mark, Blezer, Erwin L.A., Brochier, Thomas, Chen, Aihua, Croxson, Paula, Damatac, Christienne, Dehaene, Stanislas, Everling, Stefan, Fair, Damian, Fleysher, Lazar, Freiwald, Winrich, Froudist-Walsh, Seán, Griffiths, Timothy, Guedj, Carole, Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila, Ben Hamed, Suliann, Harel, Noam, Hiba, Bassem, Jarraya, Bechir, Jung, Benjamin, Kastner, Sabine, Klink, P. Christiaan, Kwok, Sze Chai, Laland, Kevin, Leopold, David, Lindenfors, Patrik, Mars, Rogier, Menon, Ravi, Messinger, Adam, Meunier, Martine, Mok, Kelvin, Morrison, John, Nacef, Jennifer, Nagy, Jamie, Rios, Michael Ortiz, Petkov, Christopher, Pinsk, Mark, Poirier, Colline, Procyk, Emmanuel, Rajimehr, Reza, Reader, Simon, Roelfsema, Pieter, Rudko, David, Rushworth, Matthew F.S., Russ, Brian, Sallet, Jérôme, Schmid, Michael Christoph, Schwiedrzik, Caspar, Seidlitz, Jakob, Sein, Julien, Shmuel, Amir, Sullivan, Elinor, Ungerleider, Leslie, Thiele, Alexander, Todorov, Orlin, Tsao, Doris, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Charles R.E., Yacoub, Essa, Ye, Frank, Zarco, Wilbert, Zhou, Yong-di, Schroeder, Charles, Turnbull, Adam, Wang, Hao-Ting, Schooler, Jonathan, Jefferies, Elizabeth, Margulies, Daniel, Smallwood, Jonathan, Department of Psychology [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 646927,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,WANDERINGMINDS(2015), Margulies, Daniel, Not all minds that wander are lost: A neurocognitive test of mind-wandering state’s contribution to human cognition. - WANDERINGMINDS - - H20202015-12-01 - 2020-05-31 - 646927 - VALID, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of psychiatry-King‘s College London, Berlin School of Mind and Brain [Berlin], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University [Cambridge], Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics [Aachen], Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut d'Imagerie BioMédicale (I2BM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The University of Western Ontario, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), The Rockefeller University, Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Equipe Impact, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, ANIMAGE, Rhône-Alpes Genopole, Université de Lorraine (UL), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Stockholm University, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University-McGill University, Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Princeton University, Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McGovern Institute for Brain Research [Cambridge], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics [Houston], Rice University [Houston], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), and Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, England

Subjects
Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, 050105 experimental psychology, Task (project management), Visual processing, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Task-positive network, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Default mode network, Brain Mapping, Working memory, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, Flexibility (personality), Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Visual cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, Nerve Net, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; Cognition is dynamic, allowing us the flexibility to shift focus from different aspects of the environment, or between internally- and externally-oriented trains of thought. Although we understand how individuals switch attention across different tasks, the neurocognitive processes that underpin the dynamics of less constrained elements of cognition are less well understood. To explore this issue, we developed a paradigm in which participants intermittently responded to external events across two conditions that systematically vary in their need for updating working memory based on information in the external environment. This paradigm distinguishes the influences on cognition that emerge because of demands placed by the task (sustained) from changes that result from the time elapsed since the last task response (transient). We used experience sampling to identify dynamic changes in ongoing cognition in this paradigm, and related between subject variation in these measures to variations in the intrinsic organisation of large-scale brain networks. We found systems important for attention were involved in the regulation of off-task thought. Coupling between the ventral attention network and regions of primary motor cortex was stronger for individuals who were able to regulate off-task thought in line with the demands of the task. This pattern of coupling was linked to greater task-related thought when environmental demands were high and elevated off-task thought when demands were low. In contrast, the coupling of the dorsal attention network with a region of lateral visual cortex was stronger for individuals for whom off-task thoughts transiently increased with the time since responding to the external world increased. This pattern is consistent with a role for this system in the time-limited top-down biasing of visual processing to increase behavioural efficiency. Unlike the attention networks, coupling between regions of the default mode network and dorsal occipital cortex was weaker for individuals for whom the level of detail decreased with the passage of time when the external task did not require continuous monitoring of external information. These data provide novel evidence for how neural systems vary across subjects and may be underpin individual variation in the dynamics of thought, linking attention systems to the maintenance of task-relevant information, and the default mode network to supporting experiences with vivid detail.

Published
2019

5. A biphasic effect of cross-modal priming on visual shape recognition.

Author

Kwok, Sze Chai, Fantoni, Carlo, Tamburini, Laura, Wang, Lei, and Gerbino, Walter

Subjects
*VISUAL memory, *ATTENTION, *VISUAL perception, *RECOGNITION (Psychology), *PRIMING (Psychology), *PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

We used a cross-modal priming paradigm to evoke a biphasic effect in visual short-term memory. Participants were required to match the memorandum (a visual shape, either spiky or curvy) to a delayed probe (a shape belonging to the same category). In two-thirds of trials the sequence of shapes was accompanied by a task-irrelevant sound (either tzk or upo , cross-modally correspondent to spiky and curvy shape categories, respectively). The biphasic effect occurred when a congruent vs. incongruent sound was presented 200 ms after the memorandum, while it did not occur when the sound was presented 200 ms before or simultaneously with it. The biphasic pattern of recognition sensitivities was revealed by an interaction between cross-modal congruency and probe delay, such that sensitivity was higher for visual shapes paired with a congruent rather than incongruent sound with a 300-ms delay, while the opposite was true with a 1300-ms delay. We suggest that this biphasic pattern of recognition sensitivities was dependent on the task-irrelevant sound activating different levels of shape processing as a function of the relative timing of sound, memorandum, and probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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