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32 results on '"C. De León"'

1. HAWC Study of the Ultra-high-energy Spectrum of MGRO J1908+06

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. D. Álvarez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, D. Garcia, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, G. Giacinti, H. Goksu, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, W. H. Lee, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, M. Breuhaus, H. Li, and H. Zhang

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report TeV gamma-ray observations of the ultra-high-energy source MGRO J1908+06 using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. This source is one of the highest-energy known gamma-ray sources, with emission extending past 200 TeV. Modeling suggests that the bulk of the TeV gamma-ray emission is leptonic in nature, driven by the energetic radio-faint pulsar PSR J1907+0602. Depending on what assumptions are included in the model, a hadronic component may also be allowed. Using the results of the modeling, we discuss implications for detection prospects by multi-messenger campaigns., Comment: accepted by ApJ, in press

Published
2022
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2. Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular dwarf galaxies with HAWC Observatory

Author

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, N. Omodei, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, E. Willox, H. Zhou, C. de León, V. Gammaldi, E. Karukes, and P. Salucci

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the results of dark matter (DM) searches in a sample of 31 dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory. dIrr galaxies are DM dominated objects, which astrophysical gamma-ray emission is estimated to be negligible with respect to the secondary gamma-ray flux expected by annihilation or decay of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). While we do not see any statistically significant DM signal in dIrr galaxies, we present the exclusion limits ($95\%~\text{C.L.}$) for annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime for WIMP candidates with masses between $1$ and $100~\text{TeV}$. Exclusion limits from dIrr galaxies are relevant and complementary to benchmark dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In fact, dIrr galaxies are targets kinematically different from benchmark dSph, preserving the footprints of different evolution histories. We compare the limits from dIrr galaxies to those from ultrafaint and classical dSph galaxies previously observed with HAWC. We find that the contraints are comparable to the limits from classical dSph galaxies and $\thicksim2$ orders of magnitude weaker than the ultrafaint dSph limits., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables

Published
2023
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3. HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet pulsar

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. Belmont-Moreno, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, K. Fang, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Jardin-Blicq, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, Y. Pérez Araujo, Y. Son, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), formation, water, halo, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, VHE, observatory, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, TeV, spectral, Cherenkov, galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, pulsar
Abstract

Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1–100 TeV) γ-ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as “TeV halos.” Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to a certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE γ-ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with >6σ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multiwavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multiwavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a noncrowded region in the outer galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.

Published
2023

4. Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

Author

H. A. Ayala Solares, S. Coutu, D. Cowen, D. B. Fox, T. Grégoire, F. McBride, M. Mostafá, K. Murase, S. Wissel, A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, B. De Martino, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, J. García, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, S. Le Stum, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, B. Ó Fearraigh, A. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, N. Randazzo, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, J. Seneca, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S. J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, O. Chaparro-Amaro, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMON Team, ANTARES, HAWC, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrofísica, ANTARES, Telescopis, background, water, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutrino: particle source, Astrophysics, neutrino: UHE, IceCube, observatory, neutrino: detector, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Cherenkov, Neutrins, Neutrinos, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, Telescopes
Abstract

In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between 2015 July and 2020 February with a live time of 4.39 yr. Over this time period, three coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of, The National Science Foundation under grants PHY-1708146, PHY-1806854, The Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos of the Pennsylvania State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Région Île-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Région Alsace (contrat CPER), Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Département du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Investigación y Universidades (MCIU), Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018- 096663-B-C41, -A-C42, B-C43, B-C44, PID2021- 124591NB-C41, C42, C43, (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolía (refs. GRISOLIA/2018/119, /2021/192), GenT (refs. /2019/043, /2020/049, /2021/023) programs, Junta de Andalucía (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait, US National Science Foundation (NSF), The US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), México, grants 271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1- S-22784, Cátedras 873, 1563, 341, 323, Red HAWC, México, DGAPA-UNAM grants IG101320, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN110621, IN110521, VIEP-BUAP, PIFI 2012, PROFOCIE 2014, 2015, the University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, The Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Polish Science Centre grant, DEC-2017/27/B/ ST9/02272, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Michoacana; Royal Society—Newton Advanced Fellowship 180385, Generalitat Valenciana, grant CIDEGENT/ 2018/034, The Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, NXPO (grant No. B16F630069), Coordinación General Académica e Innovación (CGAI-UdeG), PRODEP-SEP UDGCA- 499; Institute of Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo, NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002

Published
2023
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5. Study of the Very High Energy Emission of M87 through its Broadband Spectral Energy Distribution

Author

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. Belmont-Moreno, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, V. Joshi, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, E. Willox, and A. Zepeda

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:530
Abstract

The radio galaxy M87 is the central dominant galaxy of the Virgo Cluster. Very high-energy (VHE, ≳0.1 TeV) emission from M87 has been detected by imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. Recently, marginal evidence for VHE long-term emission has also been observed by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, a gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detector array located in Puebla, Mexico. The mechanism that produces VHE emission in M87 remains unclear. This emission originates in its prominent jet, which has been spatially resolved from radio to X-rays. In this paper, we construct a spectral energy distribution from radio to gamma rays that is representative of the nonflaring activity of the source, and in order to explain the observed emission, we fit it with a lepto-hadronic emission model. We found that this model is able to explain nonflaring VHE emission of M87 as well as an orphan flare reported in 2005.

Published
2022

6. Probing the extragalactic mid-infrared background with HAWC

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, D. Kieda, W. H. Lee, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, T. Weisgarber, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and C. de León

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ddc:520, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The extragalactic background light (EBL) contains all the radiation emitted by nuclear and accretion processes in stars and compact objects since the epoch of recombination. Measuring the EBL density directly is challenging, especially in the near- to far-infrared waveband, mainly due to the zodiacal light foreground. Instead, gamma-ray astronomy offers the possibility to indirectly set limits on the EBL by studying the effects of gamma-ray absorption in the very high energy (VHE:$>$100 GeV) spectra of distant blazars. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov gamma ray observatory (HAWC) is one of the few instruments sensitive to gamma rays with energies above 10 TeV. This offers the opportunity to probe the EBL in the near/mid IR region: $\lambda$ = 1 $\mu$m - 100 $\mu$m. In this study, we fit physically motivated emission models to Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) GeV data to extrapolate the intrinsic TeV spectra of blazars. We then simulate a large number of absorbed spectra for different randomly generated EBL model shapes and calculate Bayesian credible bands in the EBL intensity space by comparing and testing the agreement between the absorbed spectra and HAWC extragalactic observations of two blazars. The resulting bands are in agreement with current EBL lower and upper limits, showing a downward trend towards higher wavelength values $\lambda>10\, \mu$m also observed in previous measurements., Comment: Submitted to ApJ

Published
2022
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7. Detailed Analysis of the TeV γ-Ray Sources 3HWC J1928+178, 3HWC J1930+188, and the New Source HAWC J1932+192

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, H. Goksu, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, W. H. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. López-Coto, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, F. Werner, E. Willox, and H. Zhou

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The latest High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) point-like source catalog up to 56 TeV reported the detection of two sources in the region of the Galactic plane at galactic longitude 52° < ℓ < 55°, 3HWC J1930+188 and 3HWC J1928+178. The first one is associated with a known TeV source, the supernova remnant SNR G054.1+00.3. It was discovered by one of the currently operating Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT), the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S), and identified as a composite SNR. However, the source 3HWC J1928+178, discovered by HAWC and coincident with the pulsar PSR J1928+1746, was not detected by any IACT despite their long exposure on the region, until a recent new analysis of H.E.S.S. data was able to confirm it. Moreover, no X-ray counterpart has been detected from this pulsar. We present a multicomponent fit of this region using the latest HAWC data. This reveals an additional new source, HAWC J1932+192, which is potentially associated with the pulsar PSR J1932+1916, whose γ-ray emission could come from the acceleration of particles in its pulsar wind nebula. In the case of 3HWC J1928+178, several possible explanations are explored, in an attempt to unveil the origins of the very-high-energy γ-ray emission.

Published
2023
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8. HAWC as a Ground-Based Space-Weather Observatory

Author

A. Zepeda, K. P. Arunbabu, S. Hernandez, J. A. Goodman, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, E. Moreno, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Gerd Joachim Kunde, L. Nellen, D. Garcia, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, V. Baghmanyan, K. Malone, C. Alvarez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Tabachnick, Dezhi Huang, Catalina Espinoza, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Luis Villaseñor, Segev BenZvi, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Alison Peisker, John Matthews, A. Sandoval, James M. Ryan, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Umberto Cotti, Binita Hona, Michael Newbold, C. De León, P. Colin-Farias, Ibrahim Torres, Jorge Cotzomi, Nissim Illich Fraija, A. Galván-Gámez, R. Torres-Escobedo, Brenda Dingus, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Fernando Garfias, Tomás Capistrán, H. León Vargas, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Y. Pérez Araujo, Maria Magdalena González, J. P. Harding, A. Nayerhoda, Chang Dong Rho, Hongyan Zhou, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Simone Dichiara, Arturo Iriarte, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, V. Joshi, K. Tollefson, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Coutiño de León, Alejandro Lara, and O. Martinez

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Space weather, 01 natural sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is located close to the equator (latitude $18^{\circ }$ N), at an altitude of 4100 m above sea level. HAWC has 295 water Cherenkov detectors (WCD), each containing four photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The main purpose of HAWC is the determination of the energy and arrival direction of very high energy gamma rays produced by energetic processes in the universe, HAWC also has a scaler system which counts the arrival of secondary particles to the detector. In this work we show that the scaler system of HAWC is an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies due to its large area and high sensitivity. In order to prepare the scaler system for low energy heliospheric studies, we model and correct the efficiency variation of each PMT of the array, which result in a capability to measure variations $> 0.01\%$ with high accuracy. Using the singular value decomposition method, we correct the rate deviations of all PMTs of the array, due to changes in efficiency, gain and operational voltage. We isolate and remove the atmospheric modulations of the PMTs count rates measured by the TDC-scaler data acquisition system. In particular, the atmospheric pressure at the HAWC site exhibits an oscillating behavior with a period of ∼12 hours and we make use of this periodic property to estimate the pressure coefficients for the HAWC TDC-scaler system. These corrections performed on the TDC-scaler system make the HAWC TDC-scaler system an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies. As examples of this capability, we present the preliminary analysis of the solar modulation of cosmic rays at three time scales observed by HAWC, with an unprecedented accuracy.

Published
2021
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9. HAWC Search for High-Mass Microquasars

Author

Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Elijah Willox, J. A. Goodman, Dezhi Huang, Jorge Cotzomi, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, J. P. Harding, R. W. Springer, A. Carraminana, K. Malone, A. J. Smith, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. Zhou, Joe Lundeen, C. D. Rho, F. Salesa Greus, R. W. Ellsworth, C. De León, K. P. Arunbabu, A. L. Longinotti, David Kieda, B. Hona, Alison Peisker, L. Nellen, E. Moreno, Fernando Ureña-Mena, Umberto Cotti, R. Torres-Escobedo, C. Brisbois, Sabrina Casanova, R. Diaz Hernandez, Maria Magdalena González, S. Hernandez, Nissim Illich Fraija, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Michael Newbold, Rhiannon Turner, Fernando Garfias, Michael DuVernois, Thomas Weisgarber, Catalina Espinoza, A. Sandoval, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Michael Schneider, H. A. Ayala Solares, Ke Fang, Y. J. Roh, Andrea Albert, T. Capistrán, O. Martinez, Ian James Watson, Miguel Mostafa, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, V. Baghmanyan, V. Joshi, José Serna-Franco, Alejandro Lara, J. T. Linnemann, R. Noriega-Papaqui, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, J. S. H. Lee, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, K. Tollefson, Ruben Alfaro, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, John Matthews, J. A. Morales-Soto, Luis Villaseñor, Kwok Lung Fan, H. León Vargas, A. Jardin-Blicq, Ibrahim Torres, M. U. Nisa, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, C. Alvarez, Nicola Omodei, Arturo Iriarte, Y. Pérez Araujo, A. Nayerhoda, Segev BenZvi, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, and J. R. Angeles Camacho

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High mass, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Microquasars with high-mass companion stars are promising very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1-100 TeV) gamma-ray emitters, but their behaviors above 10 TeV are poorly known. Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we search for excess gamma-ray emission coincident with the positions of known high-mass microquasars (HMMQs). No significant emission is observed for LS 5039, Cygnus X-1, Cygnus X-3, and SS 433 with 1,523 days of HAWC data. We set the most stringent limit above 10 TeV obtained to date on each individual source. Under the assumption that HMMQs produce gamma rays via a common mechanism, we have performed source-stacking searches, considering two different scenarios: I) gamma-ray luminosity is a fraction $\epsilon_\gamma$ of the microquasar jet luminosity, and II) very-high-energy gamma rays are produced by relativistic electrons up-scattering the radiation field of the companion star in a magnetic field $B$. We obtain $\epsilon_\gamma < 5.4\times 10^{-6}$ for scenario I, which tightly constrains models that suggest observable high-energy neutrino emission by HMMQs. In the case of scenario II, the non-detection of VHE gamma rays yields a strong magnetic field, which challenges synchrotron radiation as the dominant mechanism of the microquasar emission between 10 keV and 10 MeV., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2021

10. Evidence that Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Rays are a Universal Feature Near Powerful Pulsars

Author

R. Diaz Hernandez, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Goodman, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Michael Newbold, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Catalina Espinoza, John Matthews, Fernando Garfias, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, Andrea Albert, Segev BenZvi, C. D. Rho, Thomas Weisgarber, Nicola Omodei, Dezhi Huang, Nissim Illich Fraija, E. Ruiz-Velasco, R. Torres-Escobedo, Ibrahim Torres, Arturo Iriarte, H. León Vargas, A. Carraminana, Joe Lundeen, R. W. Ellsworth, Meghan Tanner, C. De León, A. Sandoval, O. Martinez, K. Malone, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, R. W. Springer, Michael Schneider, Alison Peisker, H. Zhou, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, K. P. Arunbabu, A. L. Longinotti, Kristi Engel, Harm Schoorlemmer, B. Hona, A. Jardin-Blicq, Elijah Willox, J. D. Álvarez, J. A. Morales-Soto, T. Capistrán, A. J. Smith, David Kieda, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Y. Pérez Araujo, J. P. Harding, Gwenael Giacinti, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, L. Nellen, A. Nayerhoda, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, S. Hernandez, Ruben Alfaro, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, M. Fernández Alonso, C. Alvarez, Y. J. Roh, Miguel Mostafa, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, José Serna-Franco, Luis Villaseñor, Umberto Cotti, E. De la Fuente, Sabrina Casanova, D. Avila Rojas, V. Joshi, F. Salesa Greus, S. Coutiño de León, M. U. Nisa, Jorge Cotzomi, Alejandro Lara, J. T. Linnemann, Rhiannon Turner, Maria Magdalena González, Michael DuVernois, Kwok Lung Fan, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, J. S. H. Lee, E. Moreno, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, V. Marandon, K. Tollefson, C. Brisbois, V. Baghmanyan, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, Pooja Surajbali, Fernando Ureña-Mena, and Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High energy, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Feature (computer vision), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The highest-energy known gamma-ray sources are all located within 0.5 degrees of extremely powerful pulsars. This raises the question of whether ultra-high-energy (UHE; $>$ 56 TeV) gamma-ray emission is a universal feature expected near pulsars with a high spin-down power. Using four years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, we present a joint-likelihood analysis of ten extremely powerful pulsars to search for UHE gamma-ray emission correlated with these locations. We report a significant detection ($>$ 3$��$), indicating that UHE gamma-ray emission is a generic feature of powerful pulsars. We discuss the emission mechanisms of the gamma rays and the implications of this result. The individual environment that each pulsar is found in appears to play a role in the amount of emission., accepted by ApJL

Published
2021

11. Long-term spectra of the blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 at TeV energies seen by HAWC

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, V. Baghmanyan, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, D. Garcia, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, A. Lara, W. H. Lee, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linneman, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, R. Noriega-Papaqui, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, T. Weisgarber, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and C. de León

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory surveys the very high energy sky in the 300 GeV to $>100$ TeV energy range. HAWC has detected two blazars above $11\sigma$, Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). The observations are comprised of data taken in the period between June 2015 and July 2018, resulting in a $\sim 1038$ days of exposure. In this work we report the time-averaged spectral analysis for both sources above 0.5 TeV. Taking into account the flux attenuation due to the extragalactic background light (EBL), the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 421 is described by a power law with an exponential energy cut-off with index $\alpha=2.26\pm(0.12)_{stat}(_{-0.2}^{+0.17})_{sys}$ and energy cut-off $E_c=5.1\pm(1.6)_{stat}(_{-2.5}^{+1.4})_{sys}$ TeV, while the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 501 is better described by a simple power law with index $\alpha=2.61\pm(0.11)_{stat}(_{-0.07}^{+0.01})_{sys}$. The maximum energies at which the Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 signals are detected are 9 and 12 TeV, respectively. This makes these some of the highest energy detections to date for spectra averaged over years-long timescales. Since the observation of gamma radiation from blazars provides information about the physical processes that take place in their relativistic jets, it is important to study the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of these objects. To this purpose, contemporaneous data in the gamma-ray band to X-ray range, and literature data in the radio to UV range, were used to build time-averaged SEDs that were modeled within a synchrotron self-Compton leptonic scenario., Comment: 16 pages, 5 tables, 9 figures

Published
2021
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12. Probing the Sea of Cosmic Rays by Measuring Gamma-Ray Emission from Passive Giant Molecular Clouds with HAWC

Author

Segev BenZvi, C. Alvarez, S. Coutiño de León, A. Sandoval, Alejandro Lara, Pooja Surajbali, S. Hernandez, E. De la Fuente, Fernando Ureña-Mena, D. Avila Rojas, R. Diaz Hernandez, Andrea Albert, Michael Schneider, K. Malone, Fernando Garfias, H. Zhou, E. Ruiz-Velasco, C. Brisbois, K. P. Arunbabu, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, A. L. Longinotti, O. Martinez, J. S. H. Lee, D. Garcia, H. León Vargas, J. A. Morales-Soto, A. Galván-Gámez, Nicola Omodei, J. A. Goodman, Meghan Tanner, Arturo Iriarte, Brenda Dingus, Y. Pérez Araujo, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Michael Newbold, Alison Peisker, A. Nayerhoda, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Luis Villaseñor, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, E. Moreno, Miguel Mostafa, B. Hona, Kwok Lung Fan, Umberto Cotti, K. Tollefson, Kristi Engel, Nissim Illich Fraija, J. P. Harding, T. Weisgarber, Maria Magdalena González, V. Joshi, Sabrina Casanova, M. U. Nisa, J. A. Matthews, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Ibrahim Torres, V. Baghmanyan, Elijah Willox, Jorge Cotzomi, Catalina Espinoza, José Serna-Franco, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, Ruben Alfaro, C. D. Rho, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Dezhi Huang, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, J. T. Linnemann, William H. Lee, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, T. Capistrán, M. Fernández Alonso, R. Torres-Escobedo, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, L. Nellen, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, David Kieda, C. De León, F. Salesa Greus, Rhiannon Turner, Michael DuVernois, A. Carraminana, Joe Lundeen, and R. W. Ellsworth

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High-energy astronomy, Molecular cloud, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The study of high-energy gamma rays from passive Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in our Galaxy is an indirect way to characterize and probe the paradigm of the "sea" of cosmic rays in distant parts of the Galaxy. By using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we measure the gamma-ray flux above 1 TeV of a set of these clouds to test the paradigm. We selected high-galactic latitude clouds that are in HAWC's field-of-view and which are within 1~kpc distance from the Sun. We find no significant excess emission in the cloud regions, nor when we perform a stacked log-likelihood analysis of GMCs. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculate 95\% credible intervals upper limits of the gamma-ray flux and estimate limits on the cosmic-ray energy density of these regions. These are the first limits to constrain gamma-ray emission in the multi-TeV energy range ($>$1 TeV) using passive high-galactic latitude GMCs. Assuming that the main gamma-ray production mechanism is due to proton-proton interaction, the upper limits are consistent with a cosmic-ray flux and energy density similar to that measured at Earth., 6 figures, 6 tables

Published
2021
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13. Spectrum and morphology of the very-high-energy source HAWC J2019+368

Author

R. W. Springer, C. D. Rho, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Alison Peisker, A. J. Smith, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, Dezhi Huang, Rhiannon Turner, Michael DuVernois, L. Nellen, A. Carraminana, T. Capistrán, Joe Lundeen, J. P. Harding, Gwenael Giacinti, Jorge Cotzomi, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Nicola Omodei, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, S. Coutiño de León, T. Weisgarber, V. Baghmanyan, Catalina Espinoza, J. A. Goodman, D. Garcia, Nissim Illich Fraija, H. Zhou, A. Jardin-Blicq, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, K. P. Arunbabu, A. L. Longinotti, A. Sandoval, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, O. Martinez, Jim Hinton, Andrea Albert, Michael Schneider, P. Huentemeyer, Miguel Mostafa, C. Brisbois, Harm Schoorlemmer, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Binita Hona, Elijah Willox, Pooja Surajbali, Brenda Dingus, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, Michael Newbold, José Serna-Franco, R. Diaz Hernandez, Fernando Ureña-Mena, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, R. López-Coto, K. Tollefson, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. Ruiz-Velasco, A. Nayerhoda, J. T. Linnemann, F. Salesa Greus, Ibrahim Torres, Mora Durocher, H. León Vargas, C. Alvarez, Maria Magdalena González, E. De la Fuente, C. De León, D. Avila Rojas, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, K. Malone, John Matthews, Ruben Alfaro, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, and Kristi Engel

Subjects
Energy dependent, Physics, High energy, Nebula, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

The MGRO J2019+37 region is one of the brightest sources in the sky at TeV energies. It was detected in the second HAWC catalog as 2HWC J2019+367 and here we present a detailed study of this region using data from HAWC. This analysis resolves the region into two sources: HAWC J2019+368 and HAWC J2016+371. We associate HAWC J2016+371 with the evolved supernova remnant CTB 87, although its low significance in this analysis prevents a detailed study at this time. An investigation of the morphology (including possible energy-dependent morphology) and spectrum for HAWC J2019+368 is the focus of this work. We associate HAWC J2019+368 with PSR J2021+3651 and its X-ray pulsar wind nebula, the Dragonfly nebula. Modeling the spectrum measured by HAWC and Suzaku reveals a ∼7 kyr pulsar and nebula system producing the observed emission at X-ray and γ-ray energies.

Published
2021

14. A survey of active galaxies at TeV photon energies with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Author

Andrea Albert, Fernando Garfias, Kristi Engel, K. Tollefson, A. Zepeda, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. León Vargas, Segev BenZvi, Binita Hona, H. Zhou, K. P. Arunbabu, J. A. Morales-Soto, C. Brisbois, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Catalina Espinoza, S. Coutiño de León, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Jesús Martínez-Castro, F. Salesa Greus, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Carraminana, Luis Villaseñor, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Moreno, Alejandro Lara, R. W. Springer, Joe Lundeen, C. De León, Alison Peisker, Kwok Lung Fan, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, O. Martinez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Elijah Willox, Gerd Joachim Kunde, Henrike Fleischhack, Fernando Ureña-Mena, John Matthews, Harm Schoorlemmer, Ibrahim Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, David Kieda, V. Baghmanyan, R. Noriega-Papaqui, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, I. Martinez-Castellanos, C. D. Rho, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, A. Sandoval, A. J. Smith, M. U. Nisa, K. Malone, Michael Schneider, Jorge Cotzomi, S. Hernandez, J. A. Goodman, Michael DuVernois, A. Jardin-Blicq, Nissim Illich Fraija, Dezhi Huang, D. Garcia, J. P. Harding, T. Weisgarber, A. Nayerhoda, Arturo Iriarte, Michael Newbold, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. T. Linnemann, Tomás Capistrán, C. Alvarez, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Umberto Cotti, Maria Magdalena González, Miguel Mostafa, Sabrina Casanova, M. Fernández Alonso, V. Joshi, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, and L. Nellen

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Radio galaxy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Extragalactic background light, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Sky, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC) continuously detects TeV photons and particles within its large field-of-view, accumulating every day a deeper exposure of two thirds of the sky. We analyzed 1523~days of HAWC live data acquired over four and a half years, in a follow-up analysis of {138} nearby ($z, Comment: The HAWC survey of Fermi 3FHL AGNs: 30 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2020

15. 3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources

Author

Michael Newbold, O. Martinez, Segev BenZvi, F. Serna, Pooja Surajbali, Gus Sinnis, Fernando Garfias, S. Hernandez, A. Zepeda, Fernando Ureña-Mena, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Zhou, Y. Pérez Araujo, Nicola Omodei, Arturo Iriarte, A. Nayerhoda, L. Diaz-Cruz, K. P. Arunbabu, A. L. Longinotti, R. Diaz Hernandez, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, A. Sandoval, H. León Vargas, J. A. Morales-Soto, Michael Schneider, A. Jardin-Blicq, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Harm Schoorlemmer, B. Hona, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, K. Malone, T. N. Ukwatta, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Andrea Albert, Tomás Capistrán, Kwok Lung Fan, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, V. Baghmanyan, Alison Peisker, C. Brisbois, Henrike Fleischhack, A. Carraminana, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, C. Rivière, Mehr Nisa, Miguel Mostafa, D. Garcia, Joe Lundeen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, John Matthews, R. López-Coto, J. P. Harding, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Coutiño de León, T. Weisgarber, V. Joshi, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Alejandro Lara, A. J. Smith, Ibrahim Torres, L. Nellen, J. D. Álvarez, Ke Fang, Ruben Alfaro, K. Tollefson, F. Salesa Greus, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Fernández Alonso, C. Alvarez, Kristi Engel, Michael DuVernois, C. De León, E. De la Fuente, J. T. Linnemann, F. Werner, D. Avila Rojas, J. A. Goodman, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Dezhi Huang, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, V. Marandon, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Catalina Espinoza, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, Gwenael Giacinti, I. Martinez-Castellanos, R. Torres-Escobedo, E. Moreno, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, David Kieda, Umberto Cotti, Sabrina Casanova, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Nissim Illich Fraija, Jim Hinton, Maria Magdalena González, Elijah Willox, Z. Ren, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, and C. D. Rho

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High energy, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a new catalog of TeV gamma-ray sources using 1523 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The catalog represents the most sensitive survey of the Northern gamma-ray sky at energies above several TeV, with three times the exposure compared to the previous HAWC catalog, 2HWC. We report 65 sources detected at $\geq$ 5 sigma significance, along with the positions and spectral fits for each source. The catalog contains eight sources that have no counterpart in the 2HWC catalog, but are within $1^\circ$ of previously detected TeV emitters, and twenty sources that are more than $1^\circ$ away from any previously detected TeV source. Of these twenty new sources, fourteen have a potential counterpart in the fourth \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope catalog of gamma-ray sources. We also explore potential associations of 3HWC sources with pulsars in the ATNF pulsar catalog and supernova remnants in the Galactic supernova remnant catalog., 20 pages, 11 figures. Matches the version published in The Astrophysical Journal. See accompanying data release at https://data.hawc-observatory.org/datasets/3hwc-survey/index.php

Published
2020

16. HAWC J2227+610 and its association with G106.3+2.7, a new potential Galactic PeVatron

Author

E. Moreno, P. Hüntemeyer, R. Torres-Escobedo, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. T. Linnemann, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. A. Goodman, J. R. Angeles Camacho, K. Tollefson, Catalina Espinoza, H. León Vargas, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. A. Morales-Soto, Segev BenZvi, A. Galván-Gámez, Luis Villaseñor, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, K. Malone, K. P. Arunbabu, Kwok Lung Fan, D. Garcia, S. Hernandez, U. Cotti, Arnulfo Zepeda, E. De la Fuente, S. S. Marinelli, D. Avila Rojas, E. Belmont-Moreno, Mehr Nisa, Nicola Omodei, H. Schoorlemmer, Andrea Albert, J. P. Harding, F. Garfias, M. Newbold, A. Iriarte, J. D. Álvarez, E. Tabachnick, P. Surajbali, Meghan Tanner, A. J. Smith, B. Hona, C. De León, M. Fernández Alonso, T. Capistrán, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, A. Sandoval, G. Luis-Raya, R. W. Ellsworth, Michael Schneider, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, S. Coutiño de León, C. Brisbois, M. Mostafá, Y. Pérez Araujo, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, R. W. Springer, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Amid Nayerhoda, T. Weisgarber, Brenda Dingus, Maria Magdalena González, Nissim Fraija, G. Sinnis, Ke Fang, H. Salazar, Lukas Nellen, Hongyan Zhou, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Michael DuVernois, A. Carramiñana, I. Torres, Gwenael Giacinti, F. Ureña-Mena, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, J. Serna Franco, I. Martinez-Castellanos, C. Alvarez, K. Engel, Ruben Alfaro, C. D. Rho, F. Salesa Greus, A. L. Longinotti, W. H. Lee, A. Peisker, L. Diaz-Cruz, D. Huang, J. Cotzomi, J. Martínez-Castro, O. Tibolla, Henrike Fleischhack, J. Hinton, J. Lundeen, Vardan Baghmanyan, John Matthews, Oscar Martinez, and HAWC Collaboration

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Hydrogen compounds, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present the detection of VHE gamma-ray emission above 100 TeV from HAWC J2227+610 with the HAWC observatory. Combining our observations with previously published results by VERITAS, we interpret the gamma-ray emission from HAWC J2227+610 as emission from protons with a lower limit in their cutoff energy of 800 TeV. The most likely source of the protons is the associated supernova remnant G106.3+2.7, making it a good candidate for a Galactic PeVatron. However, a purely leptonic origin of the observed emission cannot be excluded at this time., Accepted for publication by ApJL

Published
2020

17. HAWC and Fermi-LAT Detection of Extended Emission from the Unidentified Source 2HWC J2006+341

Author

E. Moreno, Nissim Illich Fraija, Nicola Omodei, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Alison Peisker, Arturo Iriarte, L. Nellen, Henrike Fleischhack, Fernando Ureña-Mena, C. Alvarez, Andrea Albert, F. Salesa Greus, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, A. Zepeda, D. Garcia, R. W. Springer, Mehr Nisa, C. Brisbois, H. Zhou, Miguel Mostafa, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, E. De la Fuente, John Matthews, D. Avila Rojas, K. P. Arunbabu, Michael DuVernois, Ibrahim Torres, V. Joshi, A. Galván-Gámez, C. De León, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Diaz Hernandez, K. Malone, Miguel Araya, A. Carraminana, V. Baghmanyan, Brenda Dingus, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Catalina Espinoza, R. López-Coto, Anna Lia Longinotti, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Joe Lundeen, H. A. Ayala Solares, K. Tollefson, O. Martinez, A. Jardin-Blicq, Ruben Alfaro, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Umberto Cotti, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Sabrina Casanova, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. T. Linnemann, Dezhi Huang, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, B. Hona, J. A. Goodman, Fernando Garfias, Maria Magdalena González, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, H. León Vargas, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, Elijah Willox, J. P. Harding, C. D. Rho, T. Weisgarber, and Luis Villaseñor

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The discovery of the TeV point source 2HWC J2006+341 was reported in the second HAWC gamma-ray catalog. We present a follow-up study of this source here. The TeV emission is best described by an extended source with a soft spectrum. At GeV energies, an extended source is significantly detected in Fermi-LAT data. The matching locations, sizes and spectra suggest that both gamma-ray detections correspond to the same source. Different scenarios for the origin of the emission are considered and we rule out an association to the pulsar PSR J2004+3429 due to extreme energetics required, if located at a distance of 10.8 kpc., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures. To appear in ApJL

Published
2020
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18. Constraining the local burst rate density of primordial black holes with HAWC

Author

E. G. Pérez-Pérez, U. Cotti, S. Hernandez, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Malone, W. H. Lee, J. Cotzomi, E. Tabachnick, R. Noriega-Papaqui, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Iriarte, Joe Lundeen, B. Hona, S. S. Marinelli, Lukas Nellen, Hao Zhou, Alejandro Lara, G. Sinnis, Michael DuVernois, F. Garfias, I. Torres, A. Carramiñana, K. Tollefson, J. Martínez-Castro, Mehr Nisa, C. D. Rho, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Nissim Fraija, O. Tibolla, C. De León, I. Martinez-Castellanos, E. De la Fuente, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Luis-Raya, R. W. Ellsworth, H. Fleischhack, R. López-Coto, K. Engel, F. Salesa Greus, C. Brisbois, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, R. W. Springer, A. Galván-Gámez, Sabrina Casanova, H. Martínez-Huerta, V. Joshi, Brenda Dingus, Catalina Espinoza, John N. Wood, H. Salazar, Segev BenZvi, C. Alvarez, Vardan Baghmanyan, A. L. Longinotti, Alison Peisker, John Matthews, K. P. Arunbabu, Oscar Martinez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Amid Nayerhoda, Andrea Albert, M. Newbold, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Meghan Tanner, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Hüntemeyer, R. Torres-Escobedo, J. P. Harding, C. Rivière, J. T. Linnemann, Maria Magdalena González, A. Sandoval, J. A. Goodman, Michael Schneider, H. León Vargas, Dezhi Huang, J. A. Morales-Soto, M. Mostafá, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, T. Weisgarber, Arnulfo Zepeda, Ruben Alfaro, and E. Moreno

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Solar mass, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, Universe, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 85-05, Black hole, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), RAIOS GAMA, Observatory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, Hawking radiation, media_common
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) may have been created by density fluctuations in the early Universe and could be as massive as $> 10^9$ solar masses or as small as the Planck mass. It has been postulated that a black hole has a temperature inversely-proportional to its mass and will thermally emit all species of fundamental particles via Hawking Radiation. PBHs with initial masses of $\sim 5 \times 10^{14}$ g (approximately one gigaton) should be expiring today with bursts of high-energy gamma radiation in the GeV--TeV energy range. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is sensitive to gamma rays with energies of $\sim$300 GeV to past 100 TeV, which corresponds to the high end of the PBH burst spectrum. With its large instantaneous field-of-view of $\sim 2$ sr and a duty cycle over 95%, the HAWC Observatory is well suited to perform an all-sky search for PBH bursts. We conducted a search using 959 days of HAWC data and exclude the local PBH burst rate density above $3400~\mathrm{pc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ at 99% confidence, the strongest limit on the local PBH burst rate density from any existing electromagnetic measurement., Corresponding authors: K.L. Engel & A. Peisker. 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020

19. Author Correction: HAWC observations of the acceleration of very-high-energy cosmic rays in the Cygnus Cocoon

Author

A. Jardin-Blicq, J. A. Morales-Soto, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, A. Sandoval, Mora Durocher, D. Garcia, C. Alvarez, E. De la Fuente, F. Werner, D. Avila Rojas, F. Serna, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Kwok Lung Fan, Petra Hüntemeyer, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Michael Schneider, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Hernandez, Nicola Omodei, Arturo Iriarte, K. Tollefson, B. Hona, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, C. De León, V. Baghmanyan, E. Moreno, C. Brisbois, Umberto Cotti, Maria Magdalena González, Kristi Engel, Nissim Illich Fraija, Sabrina Casanova, Fernando Garfias, A. Zepeda, Harm Schoorlemmer, Pooja Surajbali, J. A. Matthews, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, H. Zhou, Fernando Ureña-Mena, Alison Peisker, Z. Ren, Ibrahim Torres, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, K. P. Arunbabu, Ruben Alfaro, A. L. Longinotti, H. León Vargas, J. P. Harding, Henrike Fleischhack, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, O. Martinez, T. Weisgarber, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Miguel Mostafa, Michael DuVernois, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Roger Blandford, S. Coutiño de León, R. W. Springer, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Michael Newbold, Alejandro Lara, K. Malone, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, V. Joshi, J. D. Álvarez, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. J. Smith, Ke Fang, C. D. Rho, T. Capistrán, David Kieda, L. Nellen, F. Salesa Greus, A. Carraminana, Joe Lundeen, R. W. Ellsworth, Jim Hinton, Elijah Willox, J. A. Goodman, Dezhi Huang, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, M. U. Nisa, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, J. T. Linnemann, Y. Pérez Araujo, A. Nayerhoda, Segev BenZvi, Gwenael Giacinti, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Andrea Albert, R. Torres-Escobedo, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Catalina Espinoza, Jesús Martínez-Castro, and H. A. Ayala Solares

Subjects
Physics, Acceleration, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Published
2021
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20. Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC

Author

Jorge Cotzomi, Fernando Garfias, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, S. Kaufmann, Thomas Weisgarber, Jim Hinton, K. Tollefson, E. Ruiz-Velasco, J. A. Morales-Soto, T. Yapici, H. León Vargas, Arturo Iriarte, S. S. Marinelli, R. W. Springer, Simone Dichiara, Harm Schoorlemmer, Umberto Cotti, C. Rivière, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, R. Noriega-Papaqui, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, William H. Lee, Maria Magdalena González, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, O. Martinez, S. Hernandez, Andrea Albert, A. Galván-Gámez, V. Baghmanyan, David Kieda, A. Carraminana, J. A. Goodman, M. J. F. Rosenberg, R. Arceo, Brenda Dingus, Joe Lundeen, S. Coutiño de León, Pooja Surajbali, C. Alvarez, C. M. Hui, O. Tibolla, Gus Sinnis, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, J. Wood, Meghan Tanner, Z. Ren, R. W. Ellsworth, Brian Fick, E. Moreno, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Alejandro Lara, Hao Zhou, Petra Hüntemeyer, Binita Hona, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. D. Álvarez, Catalina Espinoza, J. T. Linnemann, C. De León, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. Pretz, Nissim Illich Fraija, E. De la Fuente, I. Martinez-Castellanos, D. Avila Rojas, L. Nellen, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Ruben Alfaro, Ibrahim Torres, Kelly Malone, M. Seglar Arroyo, Alison Peisker, A. Sandoval, A. Nayerhoda, Michael Schneider, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Henrike Fleischhack, F. Salesa Greus, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Segev BenZvi, A. J. Smith, J. P. Harding, Kristi Engel, John Matthews, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Chang Dong Rho, Tomás Capistrán, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Mehr Nisa, Michael Newbold, Miguel Mostafa, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, E. Tabachnick, Anna Lia Longinotti, A. Zepeda, K. P. Arunbabu, S. Westerhoff, H. Martínez-Huerta, and Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, acceleration of particles, astroparticle physics, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ACELERAÇÃO DE PARTÍCULAS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We present TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard reference source in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. In this analysis we use two independent energy-estimation methods that utilize extensive air shower variables such as the core position, shower angle, and shower lateral energy distribution. In contrast, the previously published HAWC energy spectrum roughly estimated the shower energy with only the number of photomultipliers triggered. This new methodology yields a much improved energy resolution over the previous analysis and extends HAWC's ability to accurately measure gamma-ray energies well beyond 100 TeV. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula is well fit to a log parabola shape $\left(\frac{dN}{dE} = \phi_0 \left(E/\textrm{7 TeV}\right)^{-\alpha-\beta\ln\left(E/\textrm{7 TeV}\right)}\right)$ with emission up to at least 100 TeV. For the first estimator, a ground parameter that utilizes fits to the lateral distribution function to measure the charge density 40 meters from the shower axis, the best-fit values are $\phi_o$=(2.35$\pm$0.04$^{+0.20}_{-0.21}$)$\times$10$^{-13}$ (TeV cm$^2$ s)$^{-1}$, $\alpha$=2.79$\pm$0.02$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}$, and $\beta$=0.10$\pm$0.01$^{+0.01}_{-0.03}$. For the second estimator, a neural network which uses the charge distribution in annuli around the core and other variables, these values are $\phi_o$=(2.31$\pm$0.02$^{+0.32}_{-0.17}$)$\times$10$^{-13}$ (TeV cm$^2$ s)$^{-1}$, $\alpha$=2.73$\pm$0.02$^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$, and $\beta$=0.06$\pm$0.01$\pm$0.02. The first set of uncertainties are statistical; the second set are systematic. Both methods yield compatible results. These measurements are the highest-energy observation of a gamma-ray source to date., Comment: published in ApJ

Published
2019

21. Interplanetary Magnetic Flux Rope Observed at Ground Level by HAWC

Author

J. R. Angeles Camacho, A. Iriarte, Nissim Fraija, James Ryan, J. Martínez-Castro, Luis Villaseñor, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Garcia, Tatiana Niembro, E. Moreno, F. Salesa Greus, John Matthews, Luis Preisser, Alejandro Lara, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, J. P. Harding, U. Cotti, K. Malone, T. Capistrán, G. Luis-Raya, A. Carramiñana, D. Avila Rojas, E. De la Fuente, M. Newbold, Amid Nayerhoda, Maria Magdalena González, Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla, B. Hona, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, A. Galván-Gámez, Sabrina Casanova, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, V. Joshi, K. P. Arunbabu, E. Belmont-Moreno, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Ruben Alfaro, I. Torres, Sachiko Akiyama, C. D. Rho, Gerd J. Kunde, D. Huang, J. Cotzomi, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Catalina Espinoza, H. A. Ayala Solares, C. De León, F. Garfias, R. Diaz Hernandez, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Sandoval, F. Ureña-Mena, H. León Vargas, Lukas Nellen, R. W. Springer, H. Salazar, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, P. Hüntemeyer, J. A. Goodman, and P. Colin-Farias

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Geomagnetic storm, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Turbulence, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic flux, Physics::Geophysics, Magnetic field, Earth's magnetic field, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interplanetary spaceflight, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We report the ground-level detection of a Galactic Cosmic-Ray (GCR) flux enhancement lasting $\sim$ 17 hr and associated with the passage of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) over the Earth. The MFR was associated with a slow Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) caused by the eruption of a filament on 2016 October 9. Due to the quiet conditions during the eruption and the lack of interactions during the interplanetary CME transport to the Earth, the associated MFR preserved its configuration and reached the Earth with a strong magnetic field, low density, and a very low turbulence level compared to the local background, thus generating the ideal conditions to redirect and guide GCRs (in the $\sim$ 8 to 60 GV rigidity range) along the magnetic field of the MFR. An important negative $B_Z$ component inside the MFR caused large disturbances in the geomagnetic field and a relatively strong geomagnetic storm. However, these disturbances are not the main factors behind the GCR enhancement. Instead, we found that the major factor was the alignment between the MFR axis and the asymptotic direction of the observer.

Published
2020
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22. Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating Primordial Black Holes

Author

Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, H. Martinez, J. Braun, Miguel Mostafa, B. Patricelli, Arnulfo Zepeda, Ibrahim Torres, J. McEnery, Varlen Grabski, H. León Vargas, R. Arceo, A. Marinelli, N. Bautista-Elivar, W.H. Lee, E. Moreno, V. Vasileiou, D.A. Williams, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Noriega-Papaqui, C. M. Hui, A. A. Abdo, K. Sparks Woodle, F. Salesa, J. P. Harding, Michael DuVernois, Hao Zhou, P. Karn, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, Peter Nemethy, A. Sandoval, D. Berley, James M. Ryan, E. De la Fuente, Michael Schneider, T. Weisgarber, Fernando Garfias, Dirk Lennarz, Tyce DeYoung, E. Mendoza Torres, P.A. Toale, O. Martinez, S. Westerhoff, Petra Hüntemeyer, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. Martínez-Castro, Joshua A. Wood, Rodrigo Pelayo, B. T. Allen, E. Belmont, E. Ruiz-Velasco, A. Galindo, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, A. J. Smith, Alberto Carramiñana, M. Bonilla Rosales, Alejandro Lara, Michael Newbold, J.H. MacGibbon, L. Nellen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. Luna-GarcIa, C. M. Hoffman, D. W. Fiorino, C. Rivière, T. Aune, A. Imran, P.W. Younk, Segev BenZvi, J.A.J. Matthews, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, Ruben Alfaro, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Gussert, C. De León, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, Daniel R. Stump, E.C. Linares, S.S. Marinelli, Jennifer Pretz, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, T. Morgan, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, A. Iriarte, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Jorge Cotzomi, M. Longo, Umberto Cotti, G.J. Kunde, T. Oceguera-Becerra, K. Tollefson, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, E. Hays, D. Zaborov, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. D. Álvarez, G. B. Yodh, J. T. Linnemann, L. Diaz-Cruz, Allen Mincer, B. M. Baughman, A. S. Barber, G. E. Christopher, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Silich, B.E. Kolterman, M. Castillo, Nissim Illich Fraija, Brenda Dingus, I. Taboada, I.G. Wisher, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, and David Kieda

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Primordial black hole, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, Black hole, Observatory, Milagro, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of ~5.0 x 10^14 g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV - TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events., Comment: Accepted to Astroparticle Physics Journal (25 Pages, 3 figures and 7 tables). Corresponding author: T. N. Ukwatta

Published
2015
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23. A Search for Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo with HAWC

Author

E. Moreno, D. W. Fiorino, Andrea Albert, J. Pretz, Benjamin R. Safdi, Dirk Lennarz, Luis Villaseñor, R. Arceo, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, R. Luna-Garcia, A. Carraminana, Giacomo Vianello, J. A. Goodman, A. Zepeda, J. P. Harding, J. T. Linnemann, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, A. Becerril, Fernando Garfias, Thomas Weisgarber, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Ruben Alfaro, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Jesús Martínez-Castro, A. Hernandez-Almada, Tomás Capistrán, Nicholas L. Rodd, H. A. Ayala Solares, O. Enríquez-Rivera, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Z. Ren, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Miguel Mostafa, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, F. Salesa Greus, H. León Vargas, John Matthews, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Umberto Cotti, C. De León, I. Taboada, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, Segev BenZvi, Michael Newbold, P. W. Younk, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Ibrahim Torres, Jorge Cotzomi, Abel Bernal, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, O. Tibolla, Henrike Fleischhack, G. B. Yodh, Kelly Malone, J. D. Álvarez, Kristi Engel, A. Sandoval, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, M. Castillo, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Hernandez, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, A. González Muñoz, William H. Lee, Brenda Dingus, Sarah Kaufmann, James W. Wood, Arturo Iriarte, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Kirsten Tollefson, T. Yapici, Rodrigo Pelayo, O. Martinez, S. Westerhoff, Hao Zhou, Petra Hüntemeyer, T. N. Ukwatta, Pooja Surajbali, Gus Sinnis, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Nissim Illich Fraija, S. S. Marinelli, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, A. J. Smith, C. Alvarez, L. Nellen, Z. Hampel-Arias, R. Diaz Hernandez, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Mehr Nisa, Chang Dong Rho, and HAWC Collaboartion

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galactic halo, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Navarro–Frenk–White profile, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field-of-view observatory sensitive to 500 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays. With its observations over 2/3 of the sky every day, the HAWC observatory is sensitive to a wide variety of astrophysical sources, including possible gamma rays from dark matter. Dark matter annihilation and decay in the Milky Way Galaxy should produce gamma-ray signals across many degrees on the sky. The HAWC instantaneous field-of-view of 2 sr enables observations of extended regions on the sky, such as those from dark matter in the Galactic halo. Here we show limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime from HAWC observations of the Galactic halo with 15 months of data. These are some of the most robust limits on TeV and PeV dark matter, largely insensitive to the dark matter morphology. These limits begin to constrain models in which PeV IceCube neutrinos are explained by dark matter which primarily decays into hadrons., 24 pages, 11 figures

Published
2017

24. Search for very-high-energy emission from Gamma-ray Bursts using the first 18 months of data from the HAWC Gamma-ray Observatory

Author

Ignacio Taboada, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, U. Cotti, I. Torres, Kristi Engel, C. De León, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, S. S. Marinelli, Michael DuVernois, G. Sinnis, Pooja Surajbali, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, K. Malone, Harm Schoorlemmer, C. Rivière, J. D. Álvarez, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, M. Castillo, A. Hernandez-Almada, Fernando Garfias, P. W. Younk, Thomas Weisgarber, A. Zepeda, S. Coutiño Deleón, D. W. Fiorino, Dirk Lennarz, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, N. Bautista-Elivar, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, H. León Vargas, J. Martínez-Castro, F. Salesa Greus, James W. Wood, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Becerril, C. M. Hui, Z. Hampel-Arias, A. Sandoval, Lukas Nellen, T. N. Ukwatta, S. Hernandez, Hao Zhou, Rodrigo Pelayo, R. Arceo, S. Westerhoff, Binita Hona, A. González Muñoz, Chad Brisbois, N. Fraija, A. Iriarte, J. Pretz, Maria Magdalena González, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. J. Lauer, Abel Bernal, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, O. Martinez, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Yapici, Michael Schneider, Giacomo Vianello, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Sarah Kaufmann, M. Mostafá, Z. Ren, Tyce DeYoung, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, G. Luis Raya, Brenda Dingus, Kirsten Tollefson, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. Braun, E. Moreno, R. Luna-Garcia, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, W. H. Lee, I. Martinez-Castellanos, H. A. Ayala Solares, O. Tibolla, J. Cotzomi, R. W. Springer, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Chang Dong Rho, J. A. Matthews, M. Newbold, R. Diaz Hernandez, Segev BenZvi, R. Alfaro, Ruben Lopez-Coto, J. T. Linnemann, Anna Lia Longinotti, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, and M. Gerhardt

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Redshift, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-ray Observatory is an extensive air shower detector operating in central Mexico, which has recently completed its first two years of full operations. If for a burst like GRB 130427A at a redshift of 0.34 and a high-energy component following a power law with index -1.66, the high-energy component is extended to higher energies with no cut-off other than from extragalactic background light attenuation, HAWC would observe gamma rays with a peak energy of $\sim$300 GeV. This paper reports the results of HAWC observations of 64 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by $\mathit{Swift}$ and $\mathit{Fermi}$, including three GRBs that were also detected by the Large Area Telescope ($\mathit{Fermi}$-LAT). An ON/OFF analysis method is employed, searching on the time scale given by the observed light curve at keV-MeV energies and also on extended time scales. For all GRBs and time scales, no statistically significant excess of counts is found and upper limits on the number of gamma rays and the gamma-ray flux are calculated. GRB 170206A, the third brightest short GRB detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the $\mathit{Fermi}$ satellite ($\mathit{Fermi}$-GBM) and also detected by the LAT, occurred very close to zenith. The LAT measurements can neither exclude the presence of a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) component nor constrain its spectrum. Instead, the HAWC upper limits constrain the expected cut-off in an additional high-energy component to be less than $100~\rm{GeV}$ for reasonable assumptions about the energetics and redshift of the burst., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, published in ApJ

Published
2017
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25. Dark Matter Limits From Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with The HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. D. Álvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, N. Bautista-Elivar, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, C. De León, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, D. W. Fiorino, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, A. Hernandez-Almada, B. Hona, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, R. J. Lauer, D. Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, M. Longo Proper, G. Luis Raya, R. Luna-García, R. López-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Rivière, D. Rosa-González, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, G. Vianello, T. Weisgarber, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, P. W. Younk, and H. Zhou

Subjects
Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Wide field, Galaxy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view observatory sensitive to 500 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays. It can also perform diverse indirect searches for dark matter (DM) annihilation and decay. Among the most promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter are dwarf spheroidal galaxies. These objects are expected to have few astrophysical sources of gamma rays but high dark matter content, making them ideal candidates for an indirect dark matter detection with gamma rays. Here we present individual limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for 15 dwarf spheroidal galaxies within the HAWC field-of-view, as well as their combined limit. These are the first limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime using data collected with HAWC., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

Published
2017
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26. Searching for dark matter sub-structure with HAWC

Author

E. Moreno, I. Torres, R. W. Springer, Segev BenZvi, H. León Vargas, Maria Magdalena González, H. Salazar, C. Alvarez, S. S. Marinelli, J. P. Harding, A. Iriarte, I. Martinez-Castellanos, John Matthews, S. Dichiara, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. Fleischhack, J. D. Álvarez, Oscar Martinez, Arnulfo Zepeda, Nissim Fraija, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Marvin Oliver Schneider, Carmen Espinoza, Ruben Alfaro, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Noriega-Papaqui, K. Malone, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Giacomo Vianello, R. Arceo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Joe Lundeen, Andrea Albert, K. Tollefson, A. Sandoval, J. Martínez-Castro, G. Luis-Raya, M. Newbold, W. H. Lee, T. Weisgarber, Lukas Nellen, J. Cotzomi, Hao Zhou, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, B. Hona, P. Hüntemeyer, C. D. Rho, C. Brisbois, James W. Wood, A. J. Smith, A. L. Longinotti, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, M. J. F. Rosenberg, T. Yapici, M. Mostafá, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, S. Coutiño de León, Brenda Dingus, Z. Ren, K. Engel, F. Salesa Greus, Alejandro Lara, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Rivière, Amid Nayerhoda, G. Sinnis, J. T. Linnemann, Michael DuVernois, A. Carramiñana, J. A. Goodman, D. Avila Rojas, A. Galván-Gámez, Sabrina Casanova, E. De la Fuente, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, C. De León, and M. U. Nisa

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Observatory, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Halo, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Dwarf galaxy, media_common
Abstract

Simulations of dark matter show a discrepancy between the expected number of Galactic dark matter sub-halos and how many have been optically observed. Some of these unseen satellites may exist as dark dwarf galaxies: sub-halos like dwarf galaxies with no luminous counterpart. Assuming WIMP dark matter, it may be possible to detect these unseen sub-halos from gamma-ray signals originating from dark matter annihilation. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is a very high energy (500 GeV to 100 TeV) gamma ray detector with a wide field-of-view and near continuous duty cycle, making HAWC ideal for unbiased sky surveys. We perform such a search for gamma ray signals from dark dwarfs in the Milky Way halo. We perform a targeted search of HAWC gamma-ray sources which have no known association with lower-energy counterparts, based on an unbiased search of the entire sky. With no sources found to strongly prefer dark matter models, we calculate the ability of HAWC to observe dark dwarfs. We also compute the HAWC sensitivity to potential future detections for a given model of dark matter substructure., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures. submitted to JCAP

Published
2019
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27. Erratum: Search for dark matter gamma-ray emission from the Andromeda Galaxy with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory

Author

A Albert, R Alfaro, C Alvarez, J.D Álvarez, R Arceo, J.C Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, A Becerril, E Belmont-Moreno, S.Y BenZvi, A Bernal, C Brisbois, K.S Caballero-Mora, T Capistrán, A Carramiñana, S Casanova, M Castillo, U Cotti, J Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, C. De León, S Dichiara, B.L Dingus, M.A DuVernois, J.C Díaz-Vélez, C Eckner, K Engel, O Enríquez-Rivera, C Espinoza, D.W Fiorino, N Fraija, E. De la Fuente, A Galván-Gámez, J.A García-González, F Garfias, A. González Muñoz, M.M González, J.A Goodman, Z Hampel-Arias, J.P Harding, S Hernandez, A Hernandez-Almada, B Hona, P Hüntemeyer, A Iriarte, A Jardin-Blicq, V Joshi, S Kaufmann, G.J Kunde, D Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J.T Linnemann, A.L Longinotti, G. Luis Raya, R Luna-García, K Malone, S.S Marinelli, O Martinez, J Martínez-Castro, H Martínez-Huerta, J.A Matthews, P Miranda-Romagnoli, E Moreno, M Mostafá, A Nayerhoda, L Nellen, M Newbold, M.U Nisa, R Noriega-Papaqui, R Pelayo, J Pretz, E.G Pérez-Pérez, Z Ren, C.D Rho, C Riviére, D Rosa-González, M Rosenberg, E Ruiz-Velasco, H Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A Sandoval, M Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G Sinnis, A.J Smith, R.W Springer, P Surajbali, I Taboada, O Tibolla, K Tollefson, I Torres, T.N Ukwatta, L Villaseñor, T Weisgarber, S Westerhoff, J Wood, T Yapici, G Zaharijas, A Zepeda, and H Zhou

Subjects
Physics, Andromeda Galaxy, Observatory, Dark matter, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Effects of high altitude on humans, Cherenkov radiation
Published
2019
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28. Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Point-like Sources in the Inner Galactic Plane with a Partial Configuration of the HAWC Observatory

Author

Karen S. Caballero-Mora, N. Bautista-Elivar, R. W. Springer, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, I. Torres, C. M. Hui, Lukas Nellen, O. Tibolla, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Hao Zhou, P. Hüntemeyer, Segev BenZvi, B. M. Baughman, E. Moreno, J. Pretz, R. Alfaro, Fernando Garfias, Abel Bernal, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Thomas Weisgarber, M. Newbold, C. Rivière, H. Martinez, M. Gussert, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, G. Luis Raya, O. Enríquez-Rivera, T. Yapici, L. Villaseñor, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, J. P. Harding, A. Zepeda, P. W. Younk, J. A. Goodman, R. Pelayo, G. Sinnis, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, J. Martínez-Castro, S. Hernandez, D. W. Fiorino, Dirk Lennarz, R. W. Ellsworth, A. D. Becerril Reyes, A. Iriarte, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Zaborov, James W. Wood, S. S. Marinelli, J. Braun, Ignacio Taboada, Brenda Dingus, M. Longo, B. Patricelli, W. H. Lee, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, J. A. Matthews, Sabrina Casanova, Tyce DeYoung, A. Imran, J. Cotzomi, M. Mostafá, S. Westerhoff, J. D. Álvarez, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Kirsten Tollefson, M. Castillo, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, G. B. Yodh, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, Z. Ren, O. Martinez, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Coutiño de León, Alejandro Lara, Michael DuVernois, P. Karn, A. Sandoval, E. De la Fuente, E. Belmont, K. Vrabel, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, K. Malone, U. Cotti, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, R. Arceo, F. Salesa Greus, C. De León, K. Sparks Woodle, A. Marinelli, and N. Fraija

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Latitude, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Longitude, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A survey of the inner Galaxy region of Galactic longitude l in [+15, +50] degree and latitude b in [-4,+4] degree is performed using one-third of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory operated during its construction phase. To address the ambiguities arising from unresolved sources in the data, we use a maximum likelihood technique to identify point source candidates. Ten sources and candidate sources are identified in this analysis. Eight of these are associated with known TeV sources but not all have differential fluxes compatible with previous measurements. Three sources are detected with significances $>5\,\sigma$ after accounting for statistical trials, and are associated with known TeV sources., Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 34 pages, 6 figures. Contact authors: Hao Zhou and C. Michelle Hui

Published
2016

29. The HAWC Real-time Flare Monitor for Rapid Detection of Transient Events

Author

Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, O. Martinez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Mehr Nisa, J. Braun, S. Coutiño de León, H. A. Ayala Solares, Ignacio Taboada, J. P. Harding, M. Newbold, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Brenda Dingus, J. Martínez-Castro, J. Pretz, E. Moreno, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, N. Fraija, R. Arceo, P. W. Younk, Abel Bernal, Chad Brisbois, D. W. Fiorino, M. J. F. Rosenberg, J. T. Linnemann, Dirk Lennarz, R. W. Springer, Chang Dong Rho, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Giacomo Vianello, Michael DuVernois, S. Hernandez, U. Cotti, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, R. Luna-Garcia, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Fernando Garfias, A. Becerril, A. J. Smith, I. Torres, A. González Muñoz, Ruben Lopez-Coto, A. Iriarte, Thomas Weisgarber, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, I. Martinez-Castellanos, M. Mostafá, T. Capistrán, Anna Lia Longinotti, F. Salesa Greus, M. Castillo, Pooja Surajbali, C. De León, A. Sandoval, H. León Vargas, Kristi Engel, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, Sarah Kaufmann, K. Malone, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Kirsten Tollefson, H. Martínez-Huerta, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Z. Ren, T. Yapici, Harm Schoorlemmer, G. Luis Raya, A. Zepeda, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Sabrina Casanova, C. Rivière, V. Joshi, E. De la Fuente, Z. Hampel-Arias, D. Avila Rojas, T. N. Ukwatta, S. S. Marinelli, M. Gerhardt, J. D. Álvarez, J. A. Goodman, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Diego Lopez-Camara, J. Becerra González, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, P. Hüntemeyer, W. H. Lee, J. Cotzomi, Rodrigo Pelayo, S. Westerhoff, Binita Hona, G. Sinnis, Joshua A. Wood, A. Hernandez-Almada, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, R. W. Ellsworth, O. Tibolla, N. Bautista-Elivar, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, C. M. Hui, Lukas Nellen, Segev BenZvi, Hao Zhou, R. Alfaro, and J. A. Matthews

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rapid detection, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Flare
Abstract

We present the development of a real-time flare monitor for the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The flare monitor has been fully operational since 2017 January and is designed to detect very high energy (VHE; $E\gtrsim100$ GeV) transient events from blazars on time scales lasting from 2 minutes to 10 hours in order to facilitate multiwavelength and multimessenger studies. These flares provide information for investigations into the mechanisms that power the blazars' relativistic jets and accelerate particles within them, and they may also serve as probes of the populations of particles and fields in intergalactic space. To date, the detection of blazar flares in the VHE range has relied primarily on pointed observations by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The recently completed HAWC observatory offers the opportunity to study VHE flares in survey mode, scanning 2/3 of the entire sky every day with a field of view of $\sim$1.8 steradians. In this work, we report on the sensitivity of the HAWC real-time flare monitor and demonstrate its capabilities via the detection of three high-confidence VHE events in the blazars Markarian 421 and Markarian 501., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, revised version submitted to The Astrophysical Journal on 1 June 2017

Published
2017
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30. Observation of Small-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction Distribution of TeV Cosmic Rays with HAWC

Author

B. M. Baughman, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, D. W. Fiorino, R. W. Ellsworth, A. Galindo, Fernando Garfias, Dirk Lennarz, M. Castillo, C. De León, Thomas Weisgarber, E. Ruiz-Velasco, D. Zaborov, H. León Vargas, Brenda Dingus, Arturo Iriarte, A. Imran, R. W. Springer, Gus Sinnis, B. Patricelli, G. B. Yodh, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, J. T. Linnemann, N. Bautista-Elivar, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, R. Luna-Garcia, and H. Zhou, C. Alvarez, F. Salesa Greus, C. M. Hui, R. Arceo, Lukas Nellen, David Kieda, Petra Hüntemeyer, C. Rivière, Rodrigo Pelayo, Ruben Alfaro, Jorge Cotzomi, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, P. W. Younk, J. P. Harding, U. Cotti, S. Westerhoff, P. Karn, Nissim Illich Fraija, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, A. J. Smith, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, E. De la Fuente, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, D. Berley, James M. Ryan, E. Belmont, Segev BenZvi, A. Sandoval, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, M. Gussert, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, E. Mendoza Torres, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, I. Torres, Gerd Joachim Kunde, Joshua Wood, H. Martinez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Jesús Martínez-Castro, William H. Lee, Arnulfo Zepeda, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Marinelli, Jennifer Pretz, Kirsten Tollefson, I. Taboada, J. A. Matthews, Kelly Malone, S. S. Marinelli, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Alejandro Lara, M. Bonilla Rosales, J. D. Álvarez, Michael Newbold, Michael DuVernois, O. Martinez, Julie McEnery, R. Diaz Hernandez, T. Oceguera-Becerra, K. Sparks Woodle, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. Braun, Miguel Mostafa, M. Longo, and E. Moreno

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, Particle and Plasma Physics, cosmic rays, Observatory, Nuclear, Cherenkov radiation, media_common, Astroparticle physics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, astroparticle physics, Milagro, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is sensitive to gamma rays and charged cosmic rays at TeV energies. The detector is still under construction, but data acquisition with the partially deployed detector started in 2013. An analysis of the cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution based on $4.9\times 10^{10}$ events recorded between June 2013 and February 2014 shows anisotropy at the $10^{-4}$ level on angular scales of about $10^\circ$. The HAWC cosmic-ray sky map exhibits three regions of significantly enhanced cosmic-ray flux; two of these regions were first reported by the Milagro experiment. A third region coincides with an excess recently reported by the ARGO-YBJ experiment. An angular power spectrum analysis of the sky shows that all terms up to $\ell=15$ contribute significantly to the excesses., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2014
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31. VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

Author

D. W. Fiorino, N. Bautista-Elivar, F. Ángeles, C. M. Hui, Umberto Cotti, Hao Zhou, I. Taboada, I. Cabrera, Petra Hüntemeyer, E. Moreno, T. Oceguera-Becerra, Jorge Cotzomi, J. Nava, Z. Hampel-Arias, P. Karn, T. N. Ukwatta, J. A.J. Matthews, A. J. Smith, A. Zepeda, Erika Benítez, Nissim Illich Fraija, O. Martinez, K. Sparks Woodle, R. Arceo, Colas Rivière, S. Tinoco, M. Longo, Michael DuVernois, J. T. Linnemann, F. Ruiz-Sala, Fernando Garfias, Arturo Iriarte, J. D. Álvarez, A. Bernal, Thomas Weisgarber, Varlen Grabski, E. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Belmont, D. Zaborov, R. Langarica, Alberto Carramiñana, H. León Vargas, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A. Imran, R. W. Springer, W. Wall, A. Rentería, A. González, C. De León, R. Noriega-Papaqui, C. Badillo, K. Tollefson, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, A. Tepe, L. Nellen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Gerd Joachim Kunde, William H. Lee, I. Ramírez, C. Alvarez, Jesús Martínez-Castro, David Kieda, P. W. Younk, Ibrahim Torres, J. R. Sacahui, H. A. Ayala Solares, M. Martos, A. Galindo, Elton J. G. Santos, Dirk Lennarz, J. F. Valdés Galicia, M. Bonilla Rosales, Dany Page, E. C. Linares, E. De la Fuente, Michael Newbold, L. Castañeda-Martínez, James M. Ryan, B. Patricelli, G. B. Yodh, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, Alejandro Lara, D. Berley, L. Hernandez-Cervantes, E. Mendoza Torres, H. Martinez, F. Salesa, Luis Xavier Gonzalez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, L. A. Martínez, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, A. Fernandez, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, C. Guzmán-Ceron, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, Jennifer Pretz, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Guillermo Garcia-Torales, Rodrigo Pelayo, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, S. Westerhoff, A. Marinelli, P. Vanegas, J. P. Harding, A. S. Barber, R. W. Ellsworth, Joshua Wood, F. Suarez, Ruben Alfaro, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, A. Avila-Aroche, R. Luna-Garcia, Deborah Dultzin, Segev BenZvi, S. Silich, Brenda Dingus, M. Castillo, A. Diaz-Azuara, L. Diaz-Cruz, M. Gussert, B. M. Baughman, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Julie McEnery, R. Diaz Hernandez, A. Vázquez, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. Braun, G. Lara, and Miguel Mostafa

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Data acquisition, Pathfinder, Observatory, Sky, Forbush decrease, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B., Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaborov

Published
2014
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32. Sensitivity of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Detector to Sources of Multi-TeV Gamma Rays

Author

F. Salesa, Gerd J. Kunde, James M. Ryan, N. Bautista-Elivar, Ruben Alfaro, Dirk Lennarz, E. Moreno, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, D. W. Fiorino, S. Silich, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Alejandro Lara, A. Imran, Michael DuVernois, Miguel Mostafá, C. M. Hui, Lukas Nellen, Hao Zhou, E. C. Linares, Kirsten Tollefson, E. Belmont, J. T. Linnemann, Fernando Garfias, J. D. Álvarez, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Guillermo Garcia-Torales, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, D. Berley, K. Sparks, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. Braun, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, M. Castillo, William H. Lee, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Thomas Weisgarber, J. Pretz, Luis Xavier Gonzalez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, V. Grabski, P. Karn, J. A. Matthews, Arturo Iriarte, Segev BenZvi, M. Longo, R. Diaz Hernandez, I. Taboada, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, S. Westerhoff, I. Torres, Joshua Wood, P. W. Younk, A. Fernandez, Elton J. G. Santos, A. Galindo, M. Bonilla Rosales, M. Gussert, Michael Newbold, E. De la Fuente, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Colas Rivière, H. León Vargas, D. Zaborov, Jorge Cotzomi, G. B. Yodh, B. M. Baughman, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, R. Pelayo, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, G. Sinnis, B. Patricelli, R. W. Ellsworth, Jose Luis García-Luna, R. Luna-García, Brenda Dingus, Nissim Illich Fraija, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Petra Hüntemeyer, J. Nava, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, O. Martinez, U. Cotti, R. Arceo, A. J. Smith, C. De León, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Marinelli, and T. Oceguera-Becerra

Subjects
Cherenkov detector, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic, law.invention, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, Observatory, Nuclear, Cherenkov radiation, media_common, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Particle acceleration, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, Water cherenkov, Sky, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is an array of large water Cherenkov detectors sensitive to gamma rays and hadronic cosmic rays in the energy band between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. The observatory will be used to measure high-energy protons and cosmic rays via detection of the energetic secondary particles reaching the ground when one of these particles interacts in the atmosphere above the detector. HAWC is under construction at a site 4100 meters above sea level on the northern slope of the volcano Sierra Negra, which is located in central Mexico at 19 ° N latitude. It is scheduled for completion in 2014. In this paper we estimate the sensitivity of the HAWC instrument to point-like and extended sources of gamma rays. The source fluxes are modeled using both unbroken power laws and power laws with exponential cutoffs. HAWC, in one year, is sensitive to point sources with integral power-law spectra as low as 5 × 10 - 13 cm - 2 sec - 1 above 2 TeV (approximately 50 mCrab) over 5 sr of the sky. This is a conservative estimate based on simple event parameters and is expected to improve as the data analysis techniques are refined. We discuss known TeV sources and the scientific contributions that HAWC can make to our understanding of particle acceleration in these sources.

Published
2013
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