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This research aims to develop hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of textiles using chitosan and silica oxide (SiO2) nanocomposite coating. SiO2 was extracted from rice husk ash and chitosan from crustacean shells. SiO2 and chitosan powder were pulverized using High Energy Milling (HEM). The nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method with concentration variations of 0.2 %:0.4 %, 0.4 %:0.6 %, 0.6 %:0.8 %, and 0.8 %:1 %. Textile coating was carried out by dip coating method with variations of 1x, 2x, 3x, and 4x dyeing. The crystal structure and size of the nanocomposites were obtained using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Surface morphology and particle size were obtained using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The contact angle was measured using the sessile drop method. The bacterial activity tests were conducted by measuring the surface temperature of textiles with a thermal camera after being irradiated with UV-C. The ability of textiles to inhibit bacterial growth was tested using Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that the smallest crystal size obtained was 30.21 nm. The amount of particle size and contact angle are significantly influenced by the quality of Citosan-SiO2 and coloring changes. The smallest particle size obtained is 32 nm. The highest value of contact angle obtained was 161° The average surface temperature of the textile after being irradiated with UV-C reached 40.7 °C. The highest zone of inhibition obtained was 17 mm and is in the strong category. This research shows that textiles coated with chitosan-SiO2 can inhibit bacterial growth and have potential applications in the clothing industry.

It is well known that bacterial infections and fire-hazards are potentially injurious in daily life. With the increased security awareness of life and properties as well as the improvement of living standards, there has been an increasing demand for multifunctional textiles with flame retardant and antibacterial properties, especially in the fields of home furnishing and medical protection. So far, various treatment methods, including the spray method, the dip-coating method, and the pad-dry-cure method, have been used to apply functional finishing agents onto fabrics to achieve the functionalization in the past exploration stage. Moreover, in addition to the traditional finishing technology, a number of novel technologies have emerged, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition, the sol-gel process, and chemical grafting modification. In addition, some natural biomasses, including chitin, chitosan (CS), and several synthetic functional compounds that possess both flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties, have also received extensive attention. Hence, this review focuses on introducing some commonly used finishing technologies and flame retardant/antibacterial agents. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and materials were summarized, which will contribute to future research and promote the development and progress of the industry.

Functionalized textiles are rapidly becoming a promising area of research because of their potential applications in a variety of fields, including biomedicine, environmental protection, and consumer products. One of the most promising methods for functionalizing textiles is the use of dispersions. The use of dispersions containing natural products such as plant extracts and clays can also provide additional benefits such as sustainability and environmental friendliness. In this study, we have dealt with the physical-mechanical characterization of cotton fabrics treated with two different dispersions. The dispersions used contain a combination of freeze-dried plant extracts such as propolis, aloe vera, calendula, plantain, and blue clay. A cosmetotextile product should have physical-mechanical properties that allow the user to wear it comfortably and obtain the desired benefits. First, contact angle analysis was used to investigate the textile's ability to absorb liquids. Second, resistance to acid and alkaline perspiration was analysed to determine the durability of the applied finishing treatment using a SEM in conjunction with a EDS. Finally, a water vapor transmission analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the treatment affects the breathability of the textile. Overall, these analyses provide information for the development of functionalized textiles and demonstrate the potential benefits of using dispersions containing natural products in textile treatment. Our study is part of a larger project to develop new functionalized textiles with improved efficacy in curing certain forms of acne. Therefore, further testing of the antimicrobial activity of the treated textiles will be conducted as the ultimate goal is to validate the product: Toxicity tests on various primary cells and macrophages, as well as in vitro tests on wound infection.

Prosthetic liners are mainly used as an interface between residual limbs and prosthetic sockets to minimize physical and biological damage to soft tissue. However, the closed and moist conditions within liners and the amputee's skin provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth to cause infections. This study aimed to coat a comprehensive variant material with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and compare their surface analysis and antibacterial properties. These materials were covered with CuO NPs solution at a concentration of 70 μg mL−1 to achieve this purpose. After drying, their surface characteristics were analyzed by measuring zeta potential, contact angle, surface roughness, and fiber arrangement. Cu-released concentration from the coatings into the acetate buffer solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicated that lycra and nylon quickly released Cu ions to concentrations up to ∼0.2 μg mL−1 after 24 h, causing low metabolic activity of human bone–marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSC) in the indirect assay. Antibacterial activity of the coated specimens was evaluated by infecting their surfaces with the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, reporting a significant ∼40 % reduction of metabolic activity for x-dry after 24 h; in addition, the number of viable bacterial colonies adhered to the surface of this material was reduced by ∼23 times in comparison with non-treated x-dry that were visually confirmed by scanning electron microscope. In conclusion, CuO NPs x-dry shows optimistic results to pursue further experiments due to its slow speed of Cu release and prolonged antibacterial activity, as well as its compatibility with human cells.

Modifying cotton fabrics to obtain significant new properties is of relevance to creating multifunctional textiles that could address challenges across different sectors. One of the critical challenges associated with textiles is hospital-acquired infections, which could be prevented through the utilization of antimicrobial fabrics. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been introduced in literature for their photocatalytic antibacterial applications against prevalent microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A newly developed coating process was utilized that includes chemical modification and nanocoating of cotton fabrics to achieve safe to use products that demonstrate durable and highly effective antibacterial properties. Thorough characterization was conducted to analyze the properties of the utilized materials and investigate the quality of the NPs coating on the cotton fabrics. Bacterial cultures and colony counts were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial studies revealed that the TiO2 NPs coated textile exhibited a significant antibacterial property with 99.99% bacteria growth reduction for S. aureus and E coli, in comparison to the control cotton fabrics. Coating durability analysis was also conducted by washing the coated fabrics using a standard protocol and repeating the qualitative and antibacterial characterization. The durability study revealed the outstanding performance of the coating technology to withstand at least 40x intensive washing cycles with >98% bacteria growth reduction for S. aureus and E coli. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and commercial suitability of the presented process to produce cotton textiles with outstanding antimicrobial properties that can reduce hospital-obtained infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a crucial problem for which the application of nanomaterials is among a growing number of solutions. The aim of the study was to create a nanocomposite (composed of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles) with a precise mode of antibacterial action: what enables textiles to be coated in order to exhibit antibacterial properties. A characterization of nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide) by size distribution, zeta potential measurements, TEM visualization and FT-IR was performed. The biological studies of the nanocomposite and its components included the toxicity effect toward two pathogenic bacteria species, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, interaction of nanomaterials with the outer layer of microorganisms, and the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Afterwards, antibacterial studies of the nanocomposite's coated textiles (cotton, interlining fabric, polypropylene and silk) as well as studies of the general toxicity towards a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model were conducted. The toxicity of the nanocomposite used was higher than its components applied separately (zones of growth inhibition for P. aeruginosa for the final selected concentrations were as follows: silver nanoparticles 21 ± 0.7 mm, graphene oxide 14 ± 1.9 mm and nanocomposite 23 ± 1.6 mm; and for S. aureus were: silver nanoparticles 27 ± 3.8 mm, graphene oxide 14 ± 2.1 mm, and nanocomposite 28 ± 0.4 mm. The viability of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus after treatment with selected GO-Ag decreased to 27% and 31%, respectively, compared to AgNPs, when the viability of both species was 31% and 34%, accordingly). The coated textiles showed encouraging antibacterial features without general toxicity towards the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. We demonstrated that graphene oxide might constitute a functional platform for silver nanoparticles, improving the antibacterial properties of bare silver. Due to the application of the nanocomposite, the textiles showed promising antibacterial features with a low general toxicity, thereby creating a wide possibility for them to be used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized textiles are rapidly becoming a promising area of research because of their potential applications in a variety of fields, including biomedicine, environmental protection, and consumer products. One of the most promising methods for functionalizing textiles is the use of dispersions. The use of dispersions containing natural products such as plant extracts and clays can also provide additional benefits such as sustainability and environmental friendliness. In this study, we have dealt with the physical-mechanical characterization of cotton fabrics treated with two different dispersions. The dispersions used contain a combination of freeze-dried plant extracts such as propolis, aloe vera, calendula, plantain, and blue clay. A cosmetotextile product should have physical-mechanical properties that allow the user to wear it comfortably and obtain the desired benefits. First, contact angle analysis was used to investigate the textile's ability to absorb liquids. Second, resistance to acid and alkaline perspiration was analysed to determine the durability of the applied finishing treatment using a SEM in conjunction with a EDS. Finally, a water vapor transmission analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the treatment affects the breathability of the textile. Overall, these analyses provide information for the development of functionalized textiles and demonstrate the potential benefits of using dispersions containing natural products in textile treatment. Our study is part of a larger project to develop new functionalized textiles with improved efficacy in curing certain forms of acne. Therefore, further testing of the antimicrobial activity of the treated textiles will be conducted as the ultimate goal is to validate the product: Toxicity tests on various primary cells and macrophages, as well as in vitro tests on wound infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that bacterial infections and fire-hazards are potentially injurious in daily life. With the increased security awareness of life and properties as well as the improvement of living standards, there has been an increasing demand for multifunctional textiles with flame retardant and antibacterial properties, especially in the fields of home furnishing and medical protection. So far, various treatment methods, including the spray method, the dip-coating method, and the pad-dry-cure method, have been used to apply functional finishing agents onto fabrics to achieve the functionalization in the past exploration stage. Moreover, in addition to the traditional finishing technology, a number of novel technologies have emerged, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition, the sol-gel process, and chemical grafting modification. In addition, some natural biomasses, including chitin, chitosan (CS), and several synthetic functional compounds that possess both flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties, have also received extensive attention. Hence, this review focuses on introducing some commonly used finishing technologies and flame retardant/antibacterial agents. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and materials were summarized, which will contribute to future research and promote the development and progress of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of environmentally friendly multifunctional auxiliaries for textile modification is the focus of attention in textile industry in recent years. Polydopamine is an important biological macromolecule and widely used in biomedicine, nanomaterials, material surface modification and other fields. In this study, the novel multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticles (Nha-PDA NPs) were prepared and used for antibacterial, hydrophobic, and UV protective of textiles. Nha-PDA NPs were prepared with dopamine (DA) and n-hexylamine (Nha) by simple autoxidation copolymerization. Nha-PDA NPs were bound to the fabric surface through the PDA structure in Nha-PDA NPs that has been widely confirmed to have strong adhesion on the surface of many materials. The modified fabrics, Nha-PDA NPs@Cotton, had good hydrophobic, antibacterial and UV protective properties. The static water contact angles of the modified fabrics could reach 120°. The antibacterial rates of Nha-PDA NPs@Cotton against E. coli and S. aureus were above 85 %. The maximum UPF value of the modified cotton was 362, indicating that the ultraviolet protection performance was excellent. The fabric modified with multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticle provides a green way for the multifunctional modification of textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the self-cleaning and antibacterial performance of fabrics coated with oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) nanocomposite, TiO2 and chitosan. The methods used to synthesize OPBA nanoparticles are ball mill and coprecipitation methods. Meanwhile, the sol-gel method was used to prepare TiO2 and nanocomposites. Fabric is coated through the dip-coating method. Nanocomposites as coatings showed significant results. It can be seen from the results of the fibre morphology before coating, which shows the typical parallel grooves possessed by cotton fabric fibres. Meanwhile, the surface of the coated fabric looks rougher and shows the presence of nanocomposites. The self-cleaning and antibacterial performance of the fabric that has been coated with nanocomposites shows promising results. Coated fabrics exhibit antibacterial performance. The self-cleaning activity on the fabric stained with coffee stains showed that the coated fabric was effective in its self-cleaning activity.

The molecular brush structures have been developed on cotton textiles for long-term and efficient broad-spectrum antimicrobial performances through the cooperation of alkyl-chain and quaternary ammonium sites. Results show that efficient antibacterial performances can be achieved by the regulation of the alkyl chain length and quaternary ammonium sites. The antibacterial efficiency of the optimized molecular brush structure of [3-(N , N -Dimethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane with cetyl modification on cotton textiles (CT-DM-16) can reach more than 99 % against both E. coli and S. aureus. Alkyl-chain grafting displayed significantly improvement in the antibacterial activity against S. aureus with (N,N-Diethyl-3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane modification on cotton textiles (CT-DE) based materials. The positive N sites and alkyl chains played important roles in the antibacterial process. Proteomic analysis reveals that the contributions of cytoskeleton and membrane-enclosed lumen in differentially expressed proteins have been increased for the S. aureus antibacterial process, confirming the promoted puncture capacity with alkyl-chain grafting. Theoretical calculations indicate that the positive charge of N sites can be enhanced through alkyl-chain grafting, and the possible distortion of the brush structure in application can further increase the positive charge of N sites. Uncovering the regulation mechanism is considered to be important guidance to develop novel and practical antibacterial materials. [Display omitted] • Molecular brush structures were successfully fabricated on cotton textiles. • Efficient antibacterial performance can be achieved through the regulation of alkyl-chain and quaternary ammonium sites. • The positive charge of N sites can be enhanced with alkyl chain grafting. • The distortion of alkyl chain can improve the positive charge of N sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the quest to curtail the spread of healthcare-associated infections, this work showcases the fabrication of a cutting-edge antibacterial textile coating armoured with aggregation-induced emission photosensitisers (AIE PS) to prevent bacterial colonisation on textiles. The adopted methodology includes a multi-step process using plasma polymerisation and subsequent integration of AIE PS on their surface. The antibacterial effectiveness of the coating was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus after light irradiation for 1 h. Furthermore, antibacterial mechanistic studies revealed their ability to generate reactive oxygen species that can damage bacterial cell membrane integrity. The results of this investigation can be used to develop ground-breaking explanations for infection deterrence, principally in situations where hospital fabrics play a critical part in the transmission of diseases. The antibacterial coating for textiles developed in this study holds great promise as an efficient strategy to promote public health and reduce the danger of bacterial diseases through regular contact with fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to apply silver nanoparticles on the cellulosic fabric via a green cross-linking approach to obtain antibacterial textiles. The cellulosic fabrics may provide an ideal enclave for microbial growth due to their biodegradable nature and retention of certain nutrients and moisture usually required for microbial colonization. The application of antibacterial finish on the textile surfaces is usually done via synthetic cross-linkers, which, however, may cause toxic effects and halt the biodegradation process. Design/methodology/approach: Herein, we incorporated citrate moieties on the cellulosic fabric as eco-friendly crosslinkers for the durable and effective application of nanosilver finish. The nanosilver finish was then applied on the citrate-treated cellulosic fabric under the pad-dry-cure method and characterized the specimens for physicochemical, textile and antibacterial properties. Findings: The results expressed that the as-prepared silver particles possessed spherical morphology with their average size in the nano range and zeta potential being −40 ± 5 mV. The results of advanced analytical characterization demonstrated the successful application of nanosilver on the cellulosic surface with appropriate dispersibility. Practical implications: The nanosilver-treated fabric exhibited appropriate textile and comfort and durable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Originality/value: The treated cellulosic fabric expressed that the cross-linking, crystalline behavior, surface chemistry, roughness and amphiphilicity could affect some of its comfort and textile properties yet be in the acceptable range for potential applications in medical textiles and environmental sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sea food processing industries generate a large number of crustacean wastes which represent the half of the crustaceans itself. Yet these may contain a lot of beneficial bio molecules that have several applications when processed appropriately. One such bio molecule obtained from the sea food processing wastes was Chitosan. When a textile was made from natural materials, it becomes a potential host to bacteria. This provides an increased demand in producing textiles with antibacterial finish. To make it even more beneficial, natural biomolecules can be used. Chitin was obtained by various treatments on crustacean shells. The obtained chitin was de-acetylated to chitosan. It was then characterized under FTIR and GCMS. The chitosan with various mixtures of other compounds was applied to different fabrics by the Pad-Dry-Cure method. The results showed the possible antibacterial applications of chitosan in textiles. Not only Chitin/ Chitosan but also their derivatives have a positive impact on the needs of consumers and their reliability to natural products. The seafood processing industries are a large source of by-products where chitin was pre-dominant. Despite their potential value, crustacean shell wastes are still underutilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been adapted as biological threats have emerged, such as increasingly drug-resistant bacteria and the emergence of new viruses such as COVID-19. PPE must be increasingly resilient to prevent the proliferation of pathogens, but using sustainable raw materials and environmentally friendly technologies. The aim of this study is to show a new way of modifying the surface of various types of fabrics to enable their efficient use as PPE. The Ag/DLC coating was successfully deposited by sputtering onto several types of textiles using different chemical compositions of Ag/DLC (0, 8, 10, and 12Ag). As a crucial parameter, wettability was evaluated, showing that silver addition increases the hydrophobicity character of the coated fabrics, namely in cotton, changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated on all coatings, revealing that they are efficient in eliminating the spread of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and pose no risk to the human body. The results presented here are promising in protecting healthcare workers, with the next steps being to study the efficiency of these coatings against viruses. In addition, this study reveals an opportunity to use sustainable fabrics, such as cotton, with high efficiency in protection against pathogens, instead of synthetic fiber textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the recommendations for future textile development is the modification of textiles to produce materials for human performance (sports, medical, and protective). In the current work, modifying a polyester surface with silver nanoparticles improved antioxidant and antibacterial protection. For this purpose, ethylenediamine aminolysis was utilized as ligands to fabricate polyester textiles, trapping silver ions to further reduce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Dopamine (PDA) was used to provide antibacterial and antioxidant properties to the polyester textile by converting silver ions into AgNPs through its phenolic hydroxyl groups. Pristine polyester, polyester treated with ethylenediamine, and PDA-coated AgNP-loaded polyester ethylenediamine were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA, and tensile strength. The antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were examined through the broth test. PDA-AgNPs composite nanocoating exhibited improved tensile strength and antibacterial and antioxidant properties, demonstrating that polyester with a PDA-AgNPs overlay may be used for long-term biomedical textiles.

This study focuses on the development of antimicrobial technical textiles using silver‐infused polypropylene fibers to meet the escalating demand for enhanced protection against pathogens in medical settings. Various polypropylene‐based fibers with different silver concentrations and cross‐sections were produced through spinning experiments, resulting in six distinct fiber types. Comprehensive analyses, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), were conducted to evaluate thermal and structural properties. Physical strength and morphological characteristics were examined to determine optimal compositions. Subsequently, selected fibers were spun into yarns and knitted to create textile surfaces. Evaluation encompassed physical attributes, color, morphology, water vapor permeability, and antimicrobial efficacy against Gram‐negative bacteria, particularly E.coli. The results demonstrated over 99% antibacterial activity across all samples, highlighting their potential utility in medical textiles and other applications. Additionally, the study revealed that the water vapor permeability values were higher in fabric samples without silver nanoparticle additives, with a negligible decrease observed in samples with higher silver nanoparticle concentrations. The antibacterial activity was found to increase with higher silver concentrations in trilobal cross‐section samples. Round cross‐section samples exhibited higher antibacterial activity at the same silver concentration. These findings provide valuable insights for future antibacterial‐based fiber production studies and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This minireview presents recent developments in surface nano-structured textiles and their biomedical applications by up-to-date achievements, summarizing the coatings made of biopolymer films and nanoparticles on different textile substrates for enhanced medical applications, diminishing the incidence of the multiple range of hospital-acquired infections in the past 10 years. The combination of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with biopolymers is an efficient technique to generate enhanced antibacterial, virucidal and antifungal properties to textiles. Only a few review articles offer a comprehensive insight into the surface tailoring of textiles by nanoparticles–biopolymers use as an alternative for surface modification of textiles, granting them biocidal performance. The overview points out the compelling reasons for scientists and experts to enhance the already existing results in the biomedical textiles domain, with an emphasis on antimicrobial responsivity, highlighting: (a) the benefit of the simultaneous nanoparticles–biopolymers deposition on textiles by various deposition techniques, meaning the wash fastness of the antibacterial attributes and the biocompatibility of the material in comparison with only nanoparticle coating; (b) the use of biopolymers to stabilize colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles, granting the nanoparticles functionalities for covalent immobilization on textiles with long-lasting antibacterial effect; (c) the most usual metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and biopolymers for antibacterial textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the applications of nanoparticle-decorated textiles for environmental governmental governance have aroused great concerns, while the poor fastness and uncontrolled aggregation of the nanoparticles negatively influenced its practical use. Herein, an environmental-friendly synthesis strategy of water-dispersible MnO 2 was demonstrated by using the reductant of 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and template of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and then the as-prepared MnO 2 was further employed as a multifunctional textile coating. In all the procedures under room temperatures, three effects of cationic CTAB micelles were thoroughly explored, from optimizing MnO 2 to uniform micro/nanoscale through template strategy, to bridging the gaps between electronegative particles and fabrics, and even providing stable antibacterial effect. Consequently, without any additional binding agents, multifunctional cotton textile was obtained by simply immersing cotton into a MnO 2 -CTAB aqueous solution, and appeared antibacterial rates (over 99 %) to both E. coli and S. aureus. Meanwhile, HCHO removal and ultraviolet blocking (UVA<0.1 %) properties as well as high durability of the nanoparticles are also introduced to the textiles. We believe as-presented cationic surfactant-templated strategy for regulating synthesis and deposition of functional particles onto cotton textiles has broad application prospects in green and sustainable functionalization of decoration textiles. [Display omitted] • Cationic surfactant-guided synthesis of water-dispersible MnO 2 is initiated by MES. • MnO 2 nanoparticles endow cotton with encouraging ability to remove indoor HCHO. • CTAB enhances binding fastness by bridging gaps between nanoparticles and fibers. • Antibacterial and UV-blocking abilities are added to cotton under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a crucial problem for which the application of nanomaterials is among a growing number of solutions. The aim of the study was to create a nanocomposite (composed of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles) with a precise mode of antibacterial action: what enables textiles to be coated in order to exhibit antibacterial properties. A characterization of nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide) by size distribution, zeta potential measurements, TEM visualization and FT-IR was performed. The biological studies of the nanocomposite and its components included the toxicity effect toward two pathogenic bacteria species, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, interaction of nanomaterials with the outer layer of microorganisms, and the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Afterwards, antibacterial studies of the nanocomposite’s coated textiles (cotton, interlining fabric, polypropylene and silk) as well as studies of the general toxicity towards a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model were conducted. The toxicity of the nanocomposite used was higher than its components applied separately (zones of growth inhibition for P. aeruginosa for the final selected concentrations were as follows: silver nanoparticles 21 ± 0.7 mm, graphene oxide 14 ± 1.9 mm and nanocomposite 23 ± 1.6 mm; and for S. aureus were: silver nanoparticles 27 ± 3.8 mm, graphene oxide 14 ± 2.1 mm, and nanocomposite 28 ± 0.4 mm. The viability of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus after treatment with selected GO-Ag decreased to 27% and 31%, respectively, compared to AgNPs, when the viability of both species was 31% and 34%, accordingly). The coated textiles showed encouraging antibacterial features without general toxicity towards the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. We demonstrated that graphene oxide might constitute a functional platform for silver nanoparticles, improving the antibacterial properties of bare silver. Due to the application of the nanocomposite, the textiles showed promising antibacterial features with a low general toxicity, thereby creating a wide possibility for them to be used in practice.

Life-threatening diseases, especially those caused by pathogens and harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV-R), have triggered increasing demands for comfortable, antimicrobial, and UV-R protective clothing with a long service life. However, developing such textiles with exceptional wash durability is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate how to fabricate wash durable multifunctional cotton textiles by growing in situ ZnO-TiO2 hybrid nanocrystals (NCs) on the surface of cellulosic fabrics. The ZnO-TiO2 hybrid NCs presented high functional efficiency, owing to their high charge transfer/separation. Ultrafine fiber surface pores, utilized as nucleating sites, endowed the uniform growth of NCs and their physical locking. The resulting fabrics presented excellent UV protection factors up to 54, displayed bactericidal efficiency of 100% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and optimum self-cleaning efficacy. Moreover, the functionalized textiles exhibited robust washing durability, maintaining antibacterial and anti-UV-R efficiency even after 30 extensive washing cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the recommendations for future textile development is the modification of textiles to produce materials for human performance (sports, medical, and protective). In the current work, modifying a polyester surface with silver nanoparticles improved antioxidant and antibacterial protection. For this purpose, ethylenediamine aminolysis was utilized as ligands to fabricate polyester textiles, trapping silver ions to further reduce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Dopamine (PDA) was used to provide antibacterial and antioxidant properties to the polyester textile by converting silver ions into AgNPs through its phenolic hydroxyl groups. Pristine polyester, polyester treated with ethylenediamine, and PDA-coated AgNP-loaded polyester ethylenediamine were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA, and tensile strength. The antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were examined through the broth test. PDA-AgNPs composite nanocoating exhibited improved tensile strength and antibacterial and antioxidant properties, demonstrating that polyester with a PDA-AgNPs overlay may be used for long-term biomedical textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and its tannin class was determined. The extracted tannin was employed as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for cotton, wool and silk fabrics and dyed using natural dyes namely turmeric and pomegranate rind. The colour strength, colour coordinates, wash and light fastness were evaluated and compared for all the three fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted fabrics on dyeing gave better colour strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated and minimum inhibition concentration was 1% against both the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The mordanted and dyed fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity up to 20 washes, when natural mordant was used along with 0.5% and 1% copper sulphate mordant and dyed with natural dyes.

The application of functional textiles in our daily life is expanding increasingly. However, manufacturing, designing, and developing mild but efficient functional textiles remains a challenge. In this work, a straightforward method to construct functional cotton fabrics (CF) with superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity using dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate-branched poly(ethyleneimine) (5Acl-BPEI) reactive coating as the secondary reactions layer and subsequently treating with bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS-NH2) and 1-(12-(mercaptododecyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide (MDMIBr). The obtained CF@5Acl-BPEI@PDMS-NH2 showed integrated performances with hydrophobic behavior (water contact angle of 151.7 ± 0.8° and sliding angle of 8.8 ± 0.9°), self-cleaning, excellent efficiency in oil–water separation (above 99.4%). Additionally, the oil flux remained consistently high, exceeding 4000 L m−2 h−1 after 10 cycles in various oil–water mixtures and it remained stable under various harsh conditions. And the prepared CF@5Acl-BPEI@MDMIBr significantly enhances the antibacterial properties of textiles, exhibiting a bacteriostatic rate of 99%. In addition, the air permeability, whiteness and thermal stability of CF after coating and surface modification have no obvious changes. These results indicate that the 5Acl-BPEI coating serves as a versatile platform for the development of various functional materials, providing invaluable insights into coating modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in the modern world poses threats to human health, ranging from immediate risks like exposure to viruses (such as novel coronavirus), bacteria, ultraviolet radiation, and free radicals, to long-term challenges associated with living in a chemically polluted and unprotected environment. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel protective clothing materials that prioritize human well-being and environmentally friendly production processes. This paper proposes using a safe, multifunctional, bioinspired, and plant-based coating material to enhance natural cotton fabrics. By incorporating polydopamine-coated curcumin structures (PDA@Cur), this study aims to provide protective clothing materials with antiviral, antibacterial, sunlight-protective, and antioxidant characteristics while minimizing environmental harm. The resulting modified cotton samples demonstrate 95.02% antiviral activity against human coronavirus NL63, significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, an impressive ultraviolet protection factor of 153.21 for sun protection, and an almost 89% enhancement in antioxidant activity. This study represents a significant advancement in developing multifunctional protective cotton textiles, employing a unique design strategy that incorporates biocompatible and eco-friendly materials, such as PDA and curcumin. Through the integration of antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and ultraviolet protection properties in a single textile product using plant-based and bioinspired PDA@Cur structures, this innovation overcomes the constraints of conventional clothing materials, ensuring comprehensive protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multifunctional fibrous surfaces with ultraviolet protection, self-cleaning, or antibacterial activity have been highly attractive. Nanocomposites consisting of silver (AgNPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2) were developed and coated onto the surface of viscose fibers employing a straightforward pad–dry–cure procedure. The morphologies and elemental compositions were evaluated by scan electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectra (FTIR), and energy-dispersion X-ray spectra (EDS). The resultant multifunctional textile materials displayed antibacterial and photo-induced catalytic properties. The photocatalyzed self-cleaning properties were investigated employing the photochemical decay of methylthioninium chloride, whereas the antibacterial properties were studied versus E. coli. The viscose fibers coated with Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrated improved efficiency compared with viscose fibers coated with pure anatase TiO2 nano-scaled particles.

Developing antibacterial materials is an efficient way to reduce the risk of harmful microorganism to human body. As a kind of popular textiles, cotton fabric (CF) is easy to breed microorganism and it is necessary to render it with biocidal effect. In this work, a water-soluble N-halamine precursor, (E)-1-(4-(allyloxy)phenyl)-N-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)methanimine (APPEM), was synthesized and grafted onto cotton fabric through an argon plasma-induced grafting polymerization process. Afterward, the grafted cotton fabric was exposed to dilute sodium hypochlorite solution to change N–H bond into N–Cl bond and then the antibacterial cotton fabric (CF-APPEM-Cl) was obtained. The treated cotton fabric presented considerable biocidal efficacy and stability against UV light, washing, and storage. Escherichia coli (6.63 logs) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.44 logs) could be effectively inactivated within 60 min. Also, the oxidative chlorine on the fabric recovered over 76.9 and 81.5% after UV irradiation for 24 h and 50 washing cycles, respectively. And the oxidative chlorine remained 85% after 30 days of storage. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of cotton fabric were hardly affected by this antibacterial treatment. This work provides a simple and efficient way to prepare antibacterial cotton fabric with high performance, which might be helpful to promote the development of antibacterial textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of advanced facemasks stands out as a paramount priority in enhancing healthcare preparedness. In this work, different polypropylene non-woven fabrics (NWF) were characterised regarding their structural, physicochemical and comfort-related properties. The selected NWF for the intermediate layer was functionalised with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) 0.3 and 1.2wt% using three different methods: electrospinning, dip-pad-dry and exhaustion. After the confirmation of ZnO NP content and distribution within the textile fibres by morphological and chemical analysis, the samples were evaluated regarding their antimicrobial properties. The functionalised fabrics obtained via dip-pad-dry unveiled the most promising data, with 0.017 ± 0.013wt% ZnO NPs being mostly located at the fibre's surface and capable of total eradication of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli colonies within the tested 24 h (ISO 22196 standard), as well as significantly contributing (**** p < 0.0001) to the growth inhibition of the bacteriophage MS2, a surrogate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (ISO 18184 standard). A three-layered structure was assembled and thermoformed to obtain facemasks combining the previously chosen NWF, and its resulting antimicrobial capacity, filtration efficiency and breathability (NP EN ISO 149) were assessed. The developed three-layered and multiscaled fibrous structures with antimicrobial capacities hold immense potential as active individual protection facemasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited efficiency, lower durability, moisture absorbance, and pest/fungal/bacterial interaction/growth are the major issues relating to porous nonwovens used for acoustic and thermal insulation in buildings. This research investigated porous nonwoven textiles composed of recycled cotton waste (CW) fibers, with a specific emphasis on the above-mentioned problems using the treatment of silicon coating and formation of nanofibers via facile-solution processing. The findings revealed that the use of an economic and eco-friendly superhydrophobic (contact angle higher than 150°) modification of porous nonwovens with silicon nanofibers significantly enhanced their intrinsic characteristics. Notable improvements in their compactness/density and a substantial change in micro porosity were observed after a nanofiber network was formed on the nonwoven material. This optimized sample exhibited a superior performance in terms of stiffness, surpassing the untreated samples by 25–60%. Additionally, an significant enhancement in tear strength was observed, surpassing the untreated samples with an impressive margin of 70–90%. Moreover, the nanofibrous network of silicon fibers on cotton waste (CW) showed significant augmentation in heat resistance ranging from 7% to 24% and remarkable sound absorption capabilities. In terms of sound absorption, the samples exhibited a performance comparable to the commercial standard material and outperformed the untreated samples by 20% to 35%. Enhancing the micro-roughness of fabric via silicon nanofibers induced an efficient resistance to water absorption and led to the development of inherent self-cleaning characteristics. The antibacterial capabilities observed in the optimized sample were due to its superhydrophobic nature. These characteristics suggest that the proposed nano fiber-treated nonwoven fabric is ideal for multifunctional applications, having features like enhanced moisture resistance, pest resistance, thermal insulation, and sound absorption which are essential for wall covers in housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of complex reaction conditions, high energy consumption, serious pollution and unsatisfactory effect in functional finishing of textiles, the theoretical research status of click-chemical reaction in the field of textiles was summarized. The concept, characteristics, reaction types and applications of click chemistry are introduced, which include thio-ene click chemistry, thiolisocyanate click chemical reaction and thio-maleimide click chemical reaction and their applications in functional finishing such as water repellent, flame retardant, felt shrinkage and antibacterial. It is pointed out that click chemical reaction itself will be used as "Accelerant" to further promote the development of functional finishing such as flame-retardant, antibacterial, water-repellent, oil-repellent, antistatic, photochromic and felt shrinkage. Finally, the prospect of click chemistry is given, which can provide research ideas and theoretical reference for the application of click chemistry in the field of textile functional finishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For addressing the issue of limited durable antibacterial cotton fabric, this study developed and synthesized quaternary ammonium salt antimicrobial agents. The chemical structure was analyzed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The cotton fabric was subjected to surface modification techniques, such as pad-dry-cure, following the careful selection of appropriate quaternary ammonium salt. The chemical state and surface morphology were evaluated through XPS and SEM. Furthermore, the cotton fabric underwent comprehensive assessments, which included antibacterial testing, laundering cycle testing, evaluation of mechanical properties, and analysis of comfort performance. The results demonstrated that the treated cotton fabric achieved a high bacteriostatic and fungistatic rate of 99.99%, 87.5%, and 99.99% against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans respectively even after 50 laundering cycles, while maintaining exceptional antibacterial effectiveness and laundering durability due to the formation of covalent bonds with the cotton fabric. The treated cotton fabric met AAA grade standards for antibacterial rate without causing any significant decline in mechanical properties. Furthermore, enhancements in hydrophilicity, softness, and wrinkle resistance were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]