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Background and Rationale: The four-component capsular group B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) was introduced into the national immunisation schedule in the UK in September 2015 for infants in a 2 + 1 schedule at two, four and 12 months of age. A two-dose immunisation schedule for adolescents was also considered but was not found to be cost-effective in view of the relatively low rates of disease in this age group. Uncertainty about the longevity of protection induced by the vaccine and lack of certainty about an anamnestic response in primed individuals contributed to this decision.Methods/design: This study is an open-label, descriptive immunogenicity analysis. Up to 113 participants will be recruited, including up to 83 children who are now aged 11 years and took part in previous trials involving the administration of 4CMenB to infants, plus a group of 30 naïve age-matched controls. All previously immunised participants will receive one booster dose of 4CMenB. The 30 naïve participants will be randomised to receive two doses of 4CMenB either at 0 and 28 days or 0 and 365 days. Blood samples will be collected from all participants at 0, 28, 180 and 365 days. The primary endpoint will explore immunogenicity at day 0 and 180 in previously immunised and naïve participants. Secondary outcomes will include investigating the persistence of antibody protection in previously immunised participants at the beginning of the study, describing the characteristics of the memory B-cell responses in previously immunised participants, and measuring reactogenicity in all participants following 4CMenB doses.Discussion: This study aims to describe whether or not a single booster dose of 4CMenB given to those who have received an infant course of 4CMenB induces a recall immune response, while concurrently describing immune responses in naïve children of the same age. If an anamnestic response is proven, a single dose adolescent booster could be envisaged as an addition to the current UK vaccination schedule.Trial Registration: EudraCT, 2017-004732-11. ISRCTN, ISRCTN16774163. Registered on 10 May 2018 (retrospectively registered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes how the Health Action Zone (HAZ) concept enabled young people in Great Britain to become involved in research on the sexual perceptions and experiences of their peer group. Shared principles of HAZ developments; Members of the research group; Topics discussed during the training program; Personal and educational benefits for HAZ researchers.

The article reports on National Inquiry proposals for the government to launch an initiative to ensure that young people who self-harm receive better and more appropriate responses, across Great Britain. The first step should be an awareness campaign targeted at professionals, parents and young people, which reveals that young people who self-harm are more likely to turn to friends their own age for help, rather than relatives, teachers or general practitioners.