1. Amber Extract Reduces Lipid Content in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Activating the Lipolysis Pathway.
- Author
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Sogo E, Zhou S, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Yamamoto T, Yamano M, and Sakamoto K
- Subjects
- 3T3-L1 Cells, Adipocytes cytology, Adipocytes metabolism, Adiponectin genetics, Adiponectin metabolism, Amber chemistry, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Complex Mixtures chemistry, Ethanol chemistry, Glucose metabolism, Glycerol metabolism, Hypolipidemic Agents chemistry, Leptin genetics, Leptin metabolism, Lipid Droplets chemistry, Lipid Droplets drug effects, Lipid Droplets metabolism, Mice, Perilipin-1 genetics, Perilipin-1 metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, Sterol Esterase genetics, Sterol Esterase metabolism, Triglycerides metabolism, Adipocytes drug effects, Amber pharmacology, Complex Mixtures pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Hypolipidemic Agents pharmacology, Lipolysis drug effects
- Abstract
Amber-the fossilized resin of trees-is rich in terpenoids and rosin acids. The physiological effects, such as antipyretic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory, were used in traditional medicine. This study aims to clarify the physiological effects of amber extract on lipid metabolism in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Mature adipocytes are used to evaluate the effect of amber extract on lipolysis by measuring the triglyceride content, glucose uptake, glycerol release, and lipolysis-related gene expression. Our results show that the amount of triacylglycerol, which is stored in lipid droplets in mature adipocytes, decreases following 96 h of treatment with different concentrations of amber extract. Amber extract treatment also decreases glucose uptake and increases the release of glycerol from the cells. Moreover, amber extract increases the expression of lipolysis-related genes encoding perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and promotes the activity of HSL (by increasing HSL phosphorylation). Amber extract treatment also regulates the expression of other adipocytokines in mature adipocytes, such as adiponectin and leptin. Overall, our results indicate that amber extract increases the expression of lipolysis-related genes to induce lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells, highlighting its potential for treating various obesity-related diseases.
- Published
- 2021
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