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Paper manufacturers have long used silicone as the coating agent for release liners. However, silicone‐based release paper is very difficult to recycle due to covalent bonds between silicone and fibers. The most suitable solution to overcome this problem is to use alternative coating materials with adequate release properties, provided that they can be easily repulped in typical paper recycling facilities. We proposed a coating agent composed of phosphate esters and dimethylacetamide in order to manufacture a recyclable and efficient release paper. Analyses carried out on coated sheets showed that phosphate esters allowed the formation of a surface with adequate release properties (low peeling force and surface free energy). In addition, the residual adhesion values obtained with phosphate esters confirmed that they are well anchored on the backing paper surface, thus limiting the mass transfer to the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is uncertainty whether postoperative application of paper tape (PT) improves scar aesthetics and reduces wound closure complications. This study aimed to review and assess the quality of applicable findings from studies investigating PT’s efficacy. We queried PubMed and SCOPUS using the search terms “((“paper tape”) AND (wound OR closure OR heal* OR complication OR skin OR prevent* OR scar*)).” We excluded articles that were duplicates, basic science, or not clinically relevant. We assessed the level of evidence for each article using the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) Rating Levels of Evidence and Grading Recommendations for Therapeutic Studies, ranging from I (highest) to V (lowest). Of 186 publications reviewed, we included eight studies in the literature review. Five of these studies reported statistically significant positive outcomes on scar aesthetics and wound closure associated with using PT. Using the ASPS rating system, we found that two studies were Level I, three studies were Level II, two studies were Level IV, and one study was Level V. Notably, heterogeneity in the study designs limited outcome comparison. The data from the studies included in this literature review support using PT to optimize scar and wound management. The lack of higher levels of evidence, however, suggests the need for additional randomized controlled trials to rigorously evaluate patient outcomes when using PT compared with other forms of adhesive dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraft paper (KP) has the advantages of being biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. It has a wide range of applications in paper packaging, food packaging, and other fields. However, the non-waterproof characteristic of KP limits its application in harsh environments or special paper packaging, etc. To solve the problem of poor water resistance of KP, a simple and efficient method is proposed to prepare superhydrophobic coatings on kraft paper (SKP) by spraying method using hydrophobic Nano-calcium carbonate (Nano-CaCO 3) particles and rosin (RA) as raw materials. Here, the micro-nano structures are mainly constructed by hydrophobic Nano-CaCO 3 particles, and RA is utilized as a binder to improve the adhesion between the nanoparticles and the paper. The results indicated that the water contact angle (WCA) of SKP reached 154.5° and the water sliding angle (WSA) was 3.2°. And after 34 h of immersion in water, the WCA of SKP surface can remain above 150°. It can also withstand 30 times of sandpaper abrasion and 30 times of tape peeling. Overall, SKP shows excellent stability, water resistance, stain resistance and self-cleaning. It is expected to protect important documents in harsh environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of release coatings has been increasing in recent years because of their use in various fields. However, commercially available release coatings are regarded as non-recyclable. As a consequence, the repulping of these residues is difficult, and their presence in the recycling stream represents an important source of contamination. One solution to this problem is to use new coating materials that can replace the siliconized backing, provided that these new materials are recyclable. As a solution to this problem, the authors propose the use of alkylated phosphorylated fibers to produce an environmentally friendly and inexpensive release paper. The results show that a surface application of hydrophobic phosphorylated fibers reduces the surface free energy of the paper support, as well as the peel strength, which facilitates the separation of the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel paper-based Bi-Material Cantilever (B-MaC) valve allows the autonomous loading and control of multiple fluid reagents which contributes to the accurate operation of paper-based microfluidic devices utilized for biological and chemical sensing applications. In this paper, an extensive parametric study is presented to evaluate the effects of key geometric parameters of the valve, such as paper direction, cantilever width, paper type, tape type, and sample volume, in addition to the effects of relative humidity and temperature on the functionality of the B-MaC and to provide a better understanding of the rate of fluid flow and resulting deflection of the cantilever. Machine direction, cantilever width, paper type, and tape type were found to be important parameters that affect the B-MAC's activation time. It was also observed that the rate of fluid imbibition in the B-MaC is considerably affected by change in humidity for high (55 °C) and low (25 °C) temperatures, while humidity levels have no significant effect during imbibition in the B-MaC at an ambient temperature of 45 °C. It was also found that a minimum distance of 4 mm is required between the B-MaC and the stationary component to prevent accidental activation of the B-MaC prior to sample insertion when relative humidity is higher than 90% and temperature is lower than 35 °C. The rate of fluid imbibition that determines the wetted length of the B-MaC and the final deflection of the cantilever are critical in designing and fabricating point-of-care microfluidic paper-based devices. The B-MaC valve can be utilized in a fluidic circuit to sequentially load several reagents, in addition to the sample to the detection area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability demands circular and material solutions with an emphasis on using local resources. Using alternative fibers from invasive plants and agro-residue promotes local production in smaller paper mills, which have additional benefits for the environment (protecting the local species, reducing agro-industrial waste). In electrophotography printing, toner adhesion is a vital quality parameter showing the prints' resistance against different mechanical stress, leading to toner particle detachment. This study tested six different papers made from invasive plants Japanese Knotweed, Black Locust, Canadian Goldenrod, agro-industrial residues Miscanthus, and Tomato stems and waste jute bags. The papers were printed with electrophotography, and three different toner adhesion methods were used to evaluate the toner adhesion. Paper properties like roughness, surface energy and surface resistivity were tested. The results indicate that uncoated agro-industrial residue and invasive plant papers with low surface roughness, low surface energy and high surface resistivity result in low toner adhesion. The cellulose content of the papers acquired with FTIR analysis did not influence the adhesion. Papers with surface energy over 35 mJ/m2 and surface resistivity below 5E + 1012 Ω values resulted in excellent paper toner adhesion (high IGT printability tester and tape pull test). High grammage and long fibers also improved the adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the behavior of the Bi-Material Cantilever (B-MaC) response deflection upon fluidic loading was experimentally studied and modeled for bilayer strips. A B-MaC consists of a strip of paper adhered to a strip of tape. When fluid is introduced, the paper expands while the tape does not, which causes the structure to bend due to strain mismatch, similar to the thermal loading of bi-metal thermostats. The main novelty of the paper-based bilayer cantilevers is the mechanical properties of two different types of material layers, a top layer of sensing paper and a bottom layer of actuating tape, to create a structure that can respond to moisture changes. When the sensing layer absorbs moisture, it causes the bilayer cantilever to bend or curl due to the differential swelling between the two layers. The portion of the paper strip that gets wet forms an arc, and as the fluid advances and fully wets the B-MaC, the entire B-MaC assumes the shape of the initial arc. This study showed that paper with higher hygroscopic expansion forms an arc with a smaller radius of curvature, whereas thicker tape with a higher Young's modulus forms an arc with a larger radius of curvature. The results showed that the theoretical modeling could accurately predict the behavior of the bilayer strips. The significance of paper-based bilayer cantilevers lies in their potential applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, and environmental monitoring. In summary, the novelty and significance of paper-based bilayer cantilevers lie in their unique combination of sensing and actuating capabilities using a low-cost and environmentally friendly material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-precision mechanized seeding can greatly contribute to the vegetable production at present. In this study, a spotting glue-paper tape precision seeder was designed for the small seed vegetables, particularly combining the seed rope and printing seeding. Three components were also divided in the seeder, including the peristaltic pump glue, ratchet spotting glue, and seed metering device. Among them, the glue was a mixture of pregelatinized starch and water. Specifically, the glue volume and viscosity were the main factors affecting the number of adhered seeds. The glue point volume depended mainly on the rotation angle of the peristaltic pump during the movement. A pretest of seed adhesion was carried out to preliminarily determine the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water (less than 1:5), representing the glue viscosity. Furthermore, the frequency of pump and dispensing were analyzed to clarify the relationship between the peristaltic pump and ratchet speed, where the number of ratchet teeth was determined to be 4. As such, the matching was realized between the peristaltic pump and ratchet spotting glue. The ratchet profile was also designed, according to the spotting glue motion. A theoretical analysis was made on the movement of seeds in the seed guiding tube. It was found that the aggregation effect of seeds on the paper tape relied on the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, as well as the rotation speed of the socket wheel. The seed guiding tube was then optimized for the optimal structural parameters. A Box_Behnken test was also carried out, where the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, while the rotation speed of the socket wheel was taken as the test factors, whereas, the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was taken as the test index. The results showed that the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was 57.23%, when the length of the seed guiding tube was 56 mm, the section angle was 35°, and the rotation speed of the seed metering wheel was 30 r/min. An adhesion test was also performed on the Shanghai Qing 605 seeds with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 mm. The test factors were then selected as the roller angle of the peristaltic pump and the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water. An optimal combination of parameters was achieved, including the size of the glue point, and the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water. Once the roller rotation angle was 10° and the mass ratio of pre-gelatinized starch to water was 1:6, the single seed rate of glue point adhesion to seeds reached 97.4%. The adaptability test was also carried out on the whole machine on the working performance of different varieties of small seed vegetables. It was found that the single seed rates of Shanghai Qing 605 and Siji Chinese cabbage seeds were greater than 95% under the working speed of 0.5-1.5 m/s, whereas, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 10%, fully meeting the requirements of precision sowing indicators that specified in the standard NY/T1143-2006. Therefore, the single seed rate and the working efficiency of the improved seeder increased by 3.53%, and 50% than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printed electronics is an emerging technology that applies traditional printing or coating processes to the manufacture of electronic devices and products. In order to find a low-cost, high-performance, environmentally-friendly flexible substrate suitable for electronic devices, the printability between four kinds of inkjet photo papers and nano-silver ink was investigated. First, different surface morphologies of the inkjet photo papers were measured by a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Then, a pen and a gravure printer were used to test the printability between photo papers and nano-silver ink. It was found that the conductive track and pattern was influenced by the surface morphology of the photo papers. Furthermore, a four-probe test showed that the conductivity of the ink layers on the four photo papers was almost at the same level. Furthermore, a tearing test with 3 M tapes showed that the silk photo paper had the best tearing resistance. In general, silk photo paper has the best overall performance. This research could be beneficial for the development of flexible electronic devices which are low-cost, mass manufacture suitable and environment friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, low-cost technique has been developed for the rapid fabrication of single-layered paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs). This technique, for the first time, made use of the deposition of patterned adhesive tape into the filter paper to construct hydrophobic barriers, with the help of toluene. Unlike other reported multi-layered μPADs that merely made use of adhesive tape as a separate layer for sealing or fluid flow controlling, the patterned adhesive tape was simultaneously dissolved and penetrated into the filter paper, which resulted in the successful transfer of the pattern from the tape to the filter paper. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, nitrite and glucose were individually measured; detection limits as low as 0.015 ± 0.004 mM and 0.022 ± 0.006 mM were reported for nitrite and glucose, respectively. Multiplexed analysis of both analytes was also carried out with respective detection limits of 0.048 ± 0.005 mM and 0.025 ± 0.006 mM for nitrite and glucose. The application of the method was demonstrated by measuring nitrite and glucose in spiked artificial urine samples and satisfied recovery results were obtained.

The article presents a study which explores how wearable plasmonic paper–based microfluidics for continuous sweat analysis. It mentions that wearable sweat sensors have the potential to provide clinically meaningful information associated with the health and disease states of individuals. It discusses that welld-defined flow characteristics of paper microfluidic devices enable accurate quantification of sweat loss and sweat rate.

This research attempts to fabricate a novel type of pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape utilizing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as the primary component in an effort to reduce reliance on petrochemical polymers. This raw material comes from the natural renewable resources, making this tape a more environmentally friendly choice in reducing impact on the environment and alleviating resource pressure. The ester groups on ELO are subjected to hydrolysis in order to yield a combination of epoxy linseed oil fatty acids (ELFAs) containing both epoxy and carboxyl groups. By controlling the temperature and catalyst conditions, the epoxy and carboxyl groups undergo a ring‐opening reaction, resulting in the self‐polymerization of the ELFA mixture and the formation of hydroxy‐functionalized polymers. These polymers are then applied as a coating on kraft paper and subsequently cut to produce PSA tapes. The tapes produced using this method exhibit a peak peel strength of 20.538 N per 25 mm. Moreover, the incorporation of glycerol ester of rosin serves to enhance the peel strength, resulting in a higher value of 21.883 N per 25 mm. The utilization of sealing the cardboard box by the tapes also serves as validation for the immense capabilities of the tapes in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a miniaturized, three-electrode paper-based electrochemical sensing platform for selective and sensitive electroanalytical sensing of hypochlorite has been reported. A hybrid method for fabricating the electrochemical device on the paper-based substrate, using ink-jet printing with conductive carbon inks as counter and reference electrode, has been demonstrated. Further, a CuO@Graphite sheet was incorporated separately using adhesive double-sided tape on the paper-based substrate, which served as the working electrode. The prepared device was subjected to hypochlorite solution of 1 mM to explore the electrochemical behavior of chlorine. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SQWV) were leveraged in the potential window of − 0.7 V to 0 V for conducting the experiments, whereby a sharp reduction peak at a peak potential E0 = − 0.43 V vs Ag/AgCl was obtained. Further, the consequence of potential scan rate and the effect of concentration and interference from other chemicals were also analyzed. A linear concentration range of 90–10 nM and a detection limit of 13.15 nM (9.78 × 10–4 ppm) with standard deviation of 1.013 were obtained. The fabricated paper-based electrode system was also tested on real samples such as lake water and tap water and the results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are an important construction material for lightweight applications. The increasing use of especially glass fiber-reinforced plastics leads to growing amounts of not recyclable composite materials, which is commonly disposed of by landfilling. Hence, there is a need for a recycling concept for glass-fiber-reinforced plastics that enables their complete reuse over many recycling cycles. In this paper, such a recycling concept is presented, which is based on the idea of melting the whole glass-fiber-reinforced component without prior size reduction. The fiber-reinforced melt will be pressed through a nozzle in order to achieve a strand with highly oriented fibers that can then be applied in new components via a tape-like laying process. The feasibility of the recycling concept is proved in this paper. Therefore, investigations on the reorientation of fibers in the melt by pressing through a rectangular nozzle have been carried out with different nozzle diameters, shear rates and melt temperatures. The investigations result in a stable process, which enables an increase in fiber orientation of about 37% up to a mean fiber orientation of 67% in the flow direction. These findings are independent of the initial fiber orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The force required to initiate delamination of paper when peeling a strip of adhesive tape can serve as a measure of paper surface strength. We obtained measurements which were insensitive to tape properties, peeling direction, and peeling velocity by using a 180° peeling geometry in which only the test tape was allowed to bend. We compared measurements of peel surface strengths to IGT surface strength velocities for 15 uncoated papers, including machine-made fine papers, newsprint, and filter paper. The newsprint and fine paper surface peel strengths were linearly correlated with the IGT results, whereas the filter paper data were poorly correlated. We believe the IGT test was compromised by excessive liquid pickup in the very porous filter paper. The peeling measurements offer the advantages that a force is directly measured, measurements from vastly different paper types can be directly compared, and the procedure does not require operator assessment of the onset of paper failure. Application: Paper surface strength--an important property influencing coating, printing, and converting--can be reliably measured by this simple procedure based on peeling tapes from paper surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleaning of paper objects represents one of the most complex cases of laser ablation, since low volumes of dispersed material phases are evaporated while a sensitive and fragile fibrous organic matrix has to be preserved. Conventional chemical and mechanical cleaning methods suffer from the common phenomenon that the foreign matter is diluted into the substrate rather than removed. The application of a laser beam allows highly localized and optically specific interaction. However, the occurrence of extreme temperatures and light intensities may cause irreversible alteration of the paper matrix. Further, incomplete removal and/or chemical conversion of contaminations may result in insufficient cleaning or affect the ageing behaviour. Laser treatments were performed by Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers at three wavelengths (355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm). Papers contaminated with inks and adhesive-tape remnants served as model samples. Multispectral imaging and colorimetric results served to quantify and systematize the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of liquid evaporation on electrochemical measurements with electrochemical paper-based devices (ePADs) is studied. The time evolution of cyclic voltammograms of ferricyanide is used to study the effect of liquid evaporation under different conditions of relative humidity and air currents. Moreover, the enclosure of ePAD channels with adhesive tape is evaluated in terms of minimising the evaporation, as well as increasing the sensitivity in the electrochemical determination of horseradish peroxidase in long-term assays. Unlabelled Image • Electrochemical measurements made using uncovered paper-based analytical devices depend on the evaporation rate. • Enclosure of the paper channels with adhesive tape is effective in minimising this dependence. • Enclosure of the channels can improve the results of long-term assays with electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic hydrophilicity of conventional dressings cannot achieve effective management of excessive biofluid around the wound bed, which inevitably causes infection and hinders wound healing. In addition, present dressings such as medical gauze or band aids have a limited stretching capability, which does not comply well with the skin deformation during muscle movement, thus impacting patient comfort. Herein, a Janus wound dressing is reported by assembling an external hydrophobic (HP) adhesive tape, a filter paper, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Janus film. The PDMS Janus film as the primary dressing can unidirectionally remove biofluid away from the wound bed. The mechanism of the unidirectional biofluid transport is investigated, demonstrating that the stretching or bending of the Janus dressing is beneficial for unidirectional biofluid draining. It indicates that the Janus PDMS film has potential for practical applications on stretched or bended skin surface. In addition, in order to prevent bacterial infection, amoxicillin powder is uniformly encapsulated on the HP layer of Janus film, resulting in faster wound healing. This study is valuable for designing and fabricating next‐generation dressings with high performance for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cantilevers are one of the most utilized mechanical elements for acoustic sensing. In comparison to the edge clamped diaphragms of different shapes, a single edge clamped cantilever makes an acoustic sensor mechanically sensitive for detection of lower pressure. The aspect ratio of cantilevers is one of the most important parameters which affect sensitivity. Herein, we present a mathematical, finite element method and experimental analysis to determine the effect of the aspect ratio on the resonant frequency, response time, mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity of a cantilever-based acoustic pressure sensor. Three cantilevers of different aspect ratios (0.67, 1, and 1.5) have been chosen for sound pressure application to detect capacitance change. The cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (0.67) has the highest response time (206 ms), mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity (22 fF), which reduce after increasing the aspect ratio. The resonant frequency of the cantilever was also analyzed by applying sweep in sound frequency. It was found to be minimum for the cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (510 Hz) and increases with an increase in the aspect ratio. We have applied the garage fabrication process using low cost, recyclable, and easily available materials such as metal coated polymer sheets, mounting tapes and glass slides as alternative materials for expensive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the fast-growing of package business in express delivery industry, replacing traditional scotch tapes with degradable materials has attracted extensive attention. Herein, holocellulose paper (H-paper) was prepared by an efficient delignification and papermaking process from bamboo. The structure and properties of resultant holocellulose fibers and H-paper were characterized and compared with those from other pulping methods, such as Kraft pulping, enzyme treated, sulfite and alkaline sulfite process. The yield of holocellulose pulp (55%) increased by about 10% compared with that of other fibers. Compared to that of Kraft paper (38 MPa), the strength of H-paper increased by nearly 60% at similar density, reaching a maximum of 65 MPa. The total transmittance of H-paper was about 20% higher than Kraft paper. Moreover, H-papers displayed high mechanical properties, good printability, and degradability, which was important for the application as paper tape. [Display omitted] • PAA delignification was used to prepare the bamboo holocellulose fibers. • The holocellulose paper exhibited excellent mechanical and optical properties. • It was potential for H-paper tape as an alternative to scotch tape in the express delivery industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D paper-based microfluidic device has been developed for colorimetric determination of selected heavy metals in water samples by stacking layers of wax patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape. It has the capability of wicking fluids and distributing microliter volumes of samples from single inlet into affrays of detection zones without external pumps, thus a range of metal assays can be simply and inexpensively performed. We demonstrate a prototype of four sample inlets for up to four heavy metal assays each, with detection limits as follows: Cu (II) = 0.29 ppm, Ni(II) = 0.33 ppm, Cd (II) = 0.19 ppm, and Cr (VI) = 0.35 ppm, which provided quantitative data that were in agreement with values gained from atomic absorption. It has the ability to identify these four metals in mixtures and is immune to interferences from either nontoxic metal ions such as Na(I) and K(I) or components found in reservoir or beach water. With the incorporation of a portable detector, a camera mobile phone, this 3D paper-based microfluidic device should be useful as a simple, rapid, and on-site screening approach of heavy metals in aquatic environments. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether paper tape prevents foot blisters in multistage ultramarathon runners. Design: Multisite prospective randomized trial. Setting: The 2014 250-km (155-mile) 6-stage RacingThePlanet ultramarathons in Jordan, Gobi, Madagascar, and Atacama Deserts. Participants: One hundred twenty-eight participants were enrolled: 19 (15%) from the Jordan, 35 (27%) from Gobi, 21 (16%) from Madagascar, and 53 (41%) from the Atacama Desert. The mean age was 39.3 years (22-63) and body mass index was 24.2 kg/m² (17.4-35.1), with 31 (22.5%) females. Interventions: Paper tape was applied to a randomly selected foot before the race, either to participants' blister-prone areas or randomly selected location if there was no blister history, with untaped areas of the same foot used as the control. Main Outcome Measures: Development of a blister anywhere on the study foot. Results: One hundred six (83%) participants developed 117 blisters, with treatment success in 98 (77%) runners. Paper tape reduced blisters by 40% (P< 0.01, 95% confidence interval, 28-52) with a number needed to treat of 1.31. Most of the study participants had 1 blister (78%), with most common locations on the toes (n = 58, 50%) and heel (n = 27, 23%), with 94 (80%) blisters occurring by the end of stage 2. Treatment success was associated with earlier stages [odds ratio (OR), 74.9, P < 0.01] and time spent running (OR, 0.66, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Paper tape was found to prevent both the incidence and frequency of foot blisters in runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable and sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection relies on successful immobilization of quantum dots (QDs) on working electrodes. Herein, we report a new technique to apply double-sided carbon adhesive tape as the working electrode to improve the stability and reproducibility of QD-based ECL emission. CdS QD-modified electrodes were prepared by dropping and drying CdS QD suspension on the carbon adhesive tape supported by indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The ECL detection was performed with the prepared electrode on a paper-based platform. We tested our system using H2O2 of various concentrations and demonstrated that consistent ECL emission could be obtained. We attribute stable and reproducible ECL emission to the robust attachment of CdS QDs on the carbon adhesive tape. The proposed method could be used to quantify the concentration of dopamine from 1 μM to 10 mM based on the quenching effect of dopamine on ECL emission of CdS QD system using H2O2 as the coreactant. Our approach addressed the problem in the integration of stable QD-based ECL detection with portable paper-based analytical devices. The similar design offers great potential for low-cost electrochemical and ECL analytical instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a method for fabricating 3D microfluidic devices by stacking layers of patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape. Paper-based 3D microfluidic devices have capabilities in microfluidics that are difficult to achieve using conventional open-channel microsystems made from glass or polymers. In particular, 3D paper-based devices wick fluids and distribute microliter volumes of samples from single inlet points into arrays of detection zones (with numbers up to thousands). This capability makes it possible to carry out a range of new analytical protocols simply and inexpensively (all on a piece of paper) without external pumps. We demonstrate a prototype 3D device that tests 4 different samples for up to 4 different analytes and displays the results of the assays in a side-by-side configuration for easy comparison. Three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices are especially appropriate for use in distributed healthcare in the developing world and in environmental monitoring and water analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Conductor on Round Core (CORC) cable wound with a high-temperature superconductor is an important cable concept for high-current density applications. It is widely used in large power systems because of its advantages of good flexibility and high engineering current density. However, the complex design structure of CORC cable makes it very difficult to understand its electromagnetic properties (such as AC loss). In particular, the different winding directions of each layer in multi-layer cable have a great influence on its electromagnetic characteristics. In this paper, the H-method is used to solve the electromagnetism and mechanics equations. The influence of the winding direction of CORC cable on its electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, AC loss, and mechanical variation under the action of external magnetic field is investigated. The AC loss study of single-layer cable reveals that when the applied magnetic field is increased from 0.01 to 0.02 and 0.03 T, the AC loss peak of the cable increases by 107 and 103 orders of magnitude, respectively, indicating that the effect of low applied magnetic field on the AC loss of the cable is more significant. For multi-layer cables, cables with opposite winding directions have a greater depth of current density penetration than cables with the same winding direction. In addition, the mechanical variations of multi-layer cables with different winding orientations are explored. The results show that the Mises stress in the cable with the same winding direction is about 32% higher than that of the cable with the opposite winding direction, which indicates that the method of winding the cable in the opposite direction between adjacent layers of tape can avoid excessive mechanical stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presents an experimental evaluation of the bonding strength of materials commonly used in printing industry, using double-sided adhesive tape and thermal adhesives. The study revealed changes in adhesive strength when bonding various types and structures of paper and cardboard surfaces, as well as laminated glossy and matte surfaces. The experimental study aims to identify surfaces that exhibit optimal adhesive tape adhesion. Moreover, there are also surfaces that should not be used with double-sided tape, but instead should be glued with thermal adhesives. In addition, the study examines the effect of different separation rates on the bond strength of these materials. The results provide valuable information about the adhesive properties of materials in the printing industry, providing useful information for professionals to optimize printing processes and ensure the production of high-quality and durable printed products. The data presented in this article can assist in selecting appropriate adhesives for a variety of printing applications, which will achieve consistent and reliable results and can greatly affect their quality and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical photographs play a significant role as records, documenting the various stages of the history of Egypt and reflecting our identity and social, cultural, and religious values. Silver gelatin prints were the dominant positive printing processes in the 20th century. One of the most common forms of damage found among photographic collections is tears, which may result from improper handling and misuse, inappropriate storage, disasters, and other factors. In the past, tears were mended using pressure-sensitive tapes by amateurs and conservators. Over time, these tapes caused damage to the photographic surfaces since they oxidised, forming stains that are difficult and sometimes impossible to remove. Recently, many gel-based systems have been developed for use in the conservation of different cultural and historical materials, particularly paper artifacts. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of Klucel G and agar, as gel systems that are favoured by conservation specialists, in removing pressure-sensitive tapes from the surfaces of silver gelatin prints, as well as to study their effect on the photographs themselves. Organic solvents were added to the gel systems, and invaluable old photographs were used for this study. After treatment, samples were subjected to artificial ageing at a temperature of 80°C and 65% RH. Evaluation of the selected treatments was carried out through visual inspection, microscopic examination, colorimetric measurements, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that both gel-based systems with mixed organic solvents gave great results compared to the conventional methods in terms of tape removal. However, colour change was detected in the case of agar gel-treated samples. Agarose gel may be a more proper option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gradient medium with improved separation and recovery of extracted eggs compared to the sucrose centrifugation technique. Also, computerized methods were developed to automate the identification and counting of nematode eggs from the processed samples. In one approach, a high-resolution scanner was used to take static images of extracted eggs and debris on filter papers, and a deep learning network was trained to identify and count the eggs among the debris. In the second approach, a lensless imaging setup was developed using off-the-shelf components, and the processed egg samples were passed through a microfluidic flow chip made from double-sided adhesive tape. Holographic videos were recorded of the passing eggs and debris, and the videos were reconstructed and processed by custom software program to obtain egg counts. The performance of the software programs for egg counting was characterized with SCN-infested soil collected from two farms, and the results using these methods were compared with those obtained through manual counting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper has been utilized as an ideal platform for chemical, biological, and mechanical sensing for its fibrous structures and properties in addition to its low cost. However, current studies on pressure‐sensitive papers have not fully utilized the unique advantages of papers, such as printability, cuttability, and foldability. Moreover, the existing resistive, capacitive, and triboelectric sensing modalities have long‐standing challenges in sensitivity, noise‐proofing, response time, linearity, etc. Here, a novel flexible iontronic sensing mechanism, referred to as iontronic sensing paper (ISP), is introduced to the classic paper substrates by incorporating both ionic and conductive patterns into an all‐in‐one flexible sensing platform. The ISP can then be structured into 2D or 3D tactile‐sensitive origamis only by the paper‐specific manipulations of printing, cutting, folding, and gluing. Notably, the ISP device possesses a device sensitivity of 10 nF kPa−1 cm−2, which is thousands of times higher than that of the commercial counterpart, a resolution of 6.25 Pa, a single‐millisecond response time, and a high linearity (R2 > 0.996). Benefiting from the unique properties of the fibrous paper structures and its remarkable performances, the ISP devices hold enormous potential for the emerging human–machine interfaces, including smart packaging, health wearables, and pressure‐sensitive paper matrix. A flexible iontronic sensing paper with both ionic and conductive patterns as an all‐in‐one flexible sensing platform, with direct printability, custom cuttability, and 3D foldability is structured into a pressure‐sensing device by paper‐specific manipulations in the forms of a 2D device or a 3D tactile‐sensing‐enabled origami with remarkable sensitivity, resolution, response linearity, and response time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative modular approach for facile design and construction of flexible microfluidic biosensor platforms based on a dry manufacturing "craft-and-stick" approach is developed. The design and fabrication of the flexible graphene paper electrode (GPE) unit and polyethylene tetraphthalate sheet (PET)6/adhesive fluidic unit are completed by an economic and generic xurographic craft approach. The GPE widths and the microfluidic channels can be constructed down to 300 μm and 200 μm, respectively. Both units were assembled by simple double-sided adhesive tapes into a microfluidic integrated GPE (MF-iGPE) that are flexible, thin (<0.5 mm), and lightweight (0.4 g). We further functionalized the iGPE with Prussian blue and glucose oxidase for the fabrication of MF-iGPE glucose biosensors. With a closed-channel PET fluidic pattern, the MF-iGPE glucose biosensors were packaged and sealed to protect the integrated device from moisture for storage and could easily open with scissors for sample loading. Our glucose biosensors showed 2 linear dynamic regions of 0.05–1.0 and 1.0–5.5 mmol L−1 glucose. The MF-iGPE showed good reproducibility for glucose detection (RSD < 6.1%, n = 6) and required only 10 μL of the analyte. This modular craft-and-stick manufacturing approach could potentially further develop along the concept of paper-crafted model assembly kits suitable for low-resource laboratories or classroom settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, low-cost technique has been developed for the rapid fabrication of single-layered paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs). This technique, for the first time, made use of the deposition of patterned adhesive tape into the filter paper to construct hydrophobic barriers, with the help of toluene. Unlike other reported multi-layered μPADs that merely made use of adhesive tape as a separate layer for sealing or fluid flow controlling, the patterned adhesive tape was simultaneously dissolved and penetrated into the filter paper, which resulted in the successful transfer of the pattern from the tape to the filter paper. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, nitrite and glucose were individually measured; detection limits as low as 0.015 ± 0.004 mM and 0.022 ± 0.006 mM were reported for nitrite and glucose, respectively. Multiplexed analysis of both analytes was also carried out with respective detection limits of 0.048 ± 0.005 mM and 0.025 ± 0.006 mM for nitrite and glucose. The application of the method was demonstrated by measuring nitrite and glucose in spiked artificial urine samples and satisfied recovery results were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Adobe Illustrator® offers a multitude of possibilities for creating high-resolution graphic sketches, the details of which are well rendered and exemplified. This vector graphic program is increasingly used in the textile industry because the visualization of a concept is possible in just a few steps without the need to produce samples in advance, which makes it eases the work process and saves time. The program allows the modification of the sketch in terms of shape, size, color without quality loss. The graphic sketch made and presented in this paper is of a work trousers with protective elements, the model of work trousers is with adjustable waist, which allows comfortable wearing of the pants and allows the extension of the waist width by 10cm, with various pockets with useful functions, such as would be, pocket for yard tape, tools and writing instruments, also to the back pants is added an insert of reflective material. The main material from which the pants are made has the composition 65% Polyester 35% Cotton, weight 245g / m² and the finishing technology used for the main material is the dressing that is applied according to certain characteristics that are to be given to the fabrics. Computer-assisted graphics make it easy to translate creativity into a graphic sketch, allow You to create, describe details and improve the look of Your sketch by using a wide range of tools and effects. In this way the flow and information content for the actual production is optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punched paper tape readers, frequently used for machine control and computer input, are readily adaptable for the purposes of presenting extremely complex signal sequences such as those used in psychophysiology. A description of basic operating principles is given together with an explanation of the minor modifications necessary to adapt this instrument to signal control. Complete schematics are presented of an instrument with seven channel control capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagram for the process to produce superhydrophobic coated paper • An eco-friendly, one side superhydrophobic paper with excellent mechanical durability is prepared by roll coating process. • The coated side of filter paper has excellent superhydrophobicity, but the uncoated side remains hydrophilic. • The solids content of the coating is up to 20 %, which ensured significant reduction of the amount of organic solvent. • The prepared superhydrophobic surface has much better mechanical durability than what was reported in previous studies. • The modification of TiO2 nanoparticles by KH550 is an essential step to improve the abrasion performance of the coating. In this paper, a fluorine-free coating containing polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and nano TiO 2 modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) is prepared, and then applied on filter paper by roll coating process to create an eco-friendly, one side superhydrophobic paper with excellent mechanical durability. In this coating system, the concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles is up to 20 %, which ensured significant reduction of the amount of organic solvent. The coated side of filter paper has excellent superhydrophobicity, with the contact angle (WCA) of 154.5° ± 1.5°, and the sliding angle (WSA) of 3.5° ± 0.5°, but the uncoated side of filter paper remains hydrophilic. The coated surface still has good non-wettability under water jet and water immersion. The resulting surface has good mechanical stability after 40 cycles of tape peeling. Even after 40 sandpaper wear cycles, the coating can still maintain good mechanical stability and superhydrophobicity. In addition, the superhydrophobic coating has a good repulsive effect on different pH solutions and maintains long-term stability in the natural environment for 8 months. The prepared superhydrophobic paper combines the functions of two superwetting surfaces on the same material to better mimic nature and solve complicated real world problems. Such two-sided properties will open up new applications for such paper materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As it is known, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design of integrated circuit is very important, among which the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is one of the most commonly used ESD protection devices. However, the traditional SCR has the disadvantages of too high trigger voltage, too low holding voltage after the snapback and longer turn-on time. The purpose of this paper is to design a high-performance SCR in accordance with the design window under 0.25 µm process, and provide a new scheme for SCR design to reduce the trigger voltage, improve the holding voltage and reduce the turn-on time. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the traditional SCR, an RC-INV trigger circuit is introduced. Through theoretical analysis, TCAD simulation and tape-out verification, it is shown that RC-INV triggering SCR can reduce the trigger voltage, increase the holding voltage and reduce the turn-on time of the device on the premise of maintaining good robustness. Findings: The RC-INV triggering SCR has great performance, and the test shows that the transmission line pulse curve with almost no snapback can be obtained. Compared with the traditional SCR, the trigger voltage decreased from 32.39 to 16.24 V, the holding voltage increased from 3.12 to 14.18 V and the turn-on time decreased from 29.6 to 16.6 ns, decreasing by 43.9% the level of human body model reached 18 kV+. Originality/value: Under 0.25 µm BCD process, this study propose a high-performance RC-INV triggering SCR ESD protection device. The work presented in this paper has a certain guiding significance for the design of SCR ESD protection devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The microbial diversity of different kinds of stains present on the surface of 14 historical documents (nine parchments and five paper letters) was evaluated through a combination of cultural and molecular methods. The samples were recovered using adhesive tape and swabs and were afterwards treated in two different ways: (1) direct inoculation on agar plates; or (2) suspension in physiological solution and plating in specific plates for the growth of bacteria and fungi. The isolated microorganisms, before identification, were selected by two different PCR-based methods – f-ITS and f-CBH, for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The f-ITS method is based on the amplification of the internal transcribed sequence between the bacterial 16S and 23S rDNA. The f-CBH method is a new molecular selection tool oriented to the fungal cellobiohydrolase gene. Both PCR selection methods produced typical profiles, which clustered the isolates in order to reduce them for subsequent sequencing identification through the amplification of the fungal 28S rRNA and the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The cellulolytic and proteolytic abilities were screened through the use of three plate assays, the Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B (OBR-HEC), milk agar, and gelatin agar. Massilia timonae, Lysobacter dokdonensis, and strains belonging to the genus Bacillus sp., Microbacterium sp., and Curtobacterium sp. with different fungal members such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium commune, Mucor spinosus, and Phoma herbarum (all recovered from paper) displayed both biodegradative activities. The parchment isolates with a marked proteolytic activity were Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Virgibacillus sp., Micromonospora sp., and again members of the fungal genera Penicillium, Mucor, and Phoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper describes three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (3-D µPADs) that can be programmed (postfabrication) by the user to generate multiple patterns of flow through them. These devices are programmed by pressing single-use ‘on’ buttons, using a stylus or a ballpoint pen. Pressing a button closes a small space (gap) between two vertically aligned microfluidic channels, and allows fluids to wick from one channel to the other. These devices are simple to fabricate, and are made entirely out of paper and double-sided adhesive tape. Programmable devices expand the capabilities of µPADs and provide a simple method for controlling the movement of fluids in paper-based channels. They are the conceptual equivalent of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) widely used in electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aged pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) can compromise the integrity and readability of drawings and paper artworks. Typically, PSTs on contemporary artifacts are difficult to remove owing to degradation processes and to the intrinsic sensitiveness of paper, inks and dyes to the solvents and tools used in the traditional conservation practice. Alternatively, we provide here a critical overview and expansion on the use of two recently developed methodologies for the removal of PSTs, based on the confinement of cleaning fluids in retentive gels. Various combinations of PSTs backings and adhesives were addressed on paper mock-ups containing different types of artistic media (inks, dyes), monitoring the ability of a hydrogel and an organogel to gradually exchange, respectively, an oil-in-water microemulsion or diethyl carbonate through the PSTs backings, swelling the adhesive layers and enabling safe PST removal. It was shown that the two methodologies are complementary as they target the removal of tapes with different components. In all cases, selective tape removal was carried out without uncontrolled bleeding of inks or transport of dissolved matter through the paper matrix, thanks to the retentiveness of the gels. The two cleaning systems were then assessed on four completely different artworks on paper, where they proved to be versatile tools to remove aged PSTs, or re-adhere detackified tapes that were part of the original artwork. Overall, the two methodologies complement each other and allowed overcoming the limitations of traditional cleaning approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the influence of superconducting tape insulation on the recovery time of superconducting fault current limiters. The analysis is based on the experimental results of short-circuit tests. The reduction in the thermal and dynamic effects of the passage of a fault current can be achieved by limiting the short-circuit time and the value of the surge current. An ideal fault current limiter is required to have almost zero impedance at operating currents and significant impedance at fault conditions. A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) meets these requirements under certain conditions. The recovery time—a very important parameter—shows the ability of the limiter to return to the superconducting state to be ready to limit the subsequent short circuit. The experimental results show that the recovery time can be significantly reduced with the application of thin-film insulation and an appropriate design of the conduction cooling of the HTS tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces a method of analysis of peeling data from paper. Peeling behavior for a pressure sensitive adhesive tape on newsprint; Link between paper properties and peeling behavior; Comparison between the peak peel force and the steady-state peel force. Comparison between the interfacial adhesion for newsprint and for filter paper.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are emerging as effective analytical platforms for point-of-care assays in resource-limited areas. Simple and cost-effective fabrication method still remains challenging on μPADs. A simple and cost-effective method for fabricating paper-based devices was presented in this work by using of dipping strategy with the recycled polystyrene in chloroform as the hydrophobic reagent. Adhesive tape was employed as mask to transfer the hydrophilic channel pattern to the paper substrate. With the single-sided adhesive tape stuck on the hydrophilic parts of the paper surface, the paper-based device was immersed in chloroform solution with dissolving recycling polystyrene for several seconds. Then the hydrophilic pattern can be achieved and all the other parts on the paper surface were hydrophobic. The adhesive tape was torn off from the hydrophilic parts. The highest contact angle value of 114° of the hydrophobic part was acquired with this simple fabrication method. By using of the sandwich-type immunoreactions and luminol-H 2 O 2 p -iodophenol (PIP) chemiluminescence(CL) system, three cancer biomarkers were simultaneously detected in human serum samples on μPADs with the linear range of 0.05–80.0 ng·mL−1 for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 5.0–80.0 ng·mL−1 for alpha-fetal protein (AFP) and 1.0–50.0 ng·mL−1 for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The fabricating strategy with recycling polystyrene and adhesive tape provides a versatile platform for prototyping of μPADs in both developed and resource constrained region. Unlabelled Image • A new fabrication method was developed for μPAD with dipping strategy. • Recycling polystyrene in chloroform was used as the hydrophobic dipping reagent. • The adhesive tape was used as the hydrophilic mask of the μPADs. • Three cancer biomarkers were simultaneously detected in human serum on the μPAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a fibrocellular proliferation on the inner surface of the retina causing blurred and distorted central vision. Surgery is the only effective method for ERM removal. This paper investigated the mechanical properties of ERM peeling using the finite element (FE) method. A FE model of ERM formation on the retina surface was constructed. The failure criterion was applied to the attachment pegs to represent the adhesive force between the ERM and retina. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data in published research. The maximum peeling force was 4.1 mN at a peeling velocity of 2 mm/s and an angle of 30°. The peeling force was minimum at the peeling angle of 45° and increased with the increase in peeling velocity and Young's modulus of the membrane. The outcome of this paper can improve the safety and efficiency of ERM removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]