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1. Identification accuracy improvement of non-uniform paper samples.

Author

Sugawara, Shigeru, Nakayama, Yoshihiko, Taniguchi, Hideya, Kawashima, Natsumi, and Ishimaru, Ichiro

Subjects
*SPECTRAL imaging, *ABSORPTION spectra, *ACCURACY, *IDENTIFICATION, *MACHINE learning, *PAPER
Abstract

Graphical abstract Highlights • Hyper spectral imaging was used to get many spectra in a short time. • The identification of eight paper types was done by using machine learning. • Even papers with very similar spectra could be distinguished with high accuracy. • For 68,400 spectra per sample, the accuracy was 87.8%. Abstract Paper is non-uniform; thus, it is difficult to ascertain whether the slight differences in near-infrared absorption spectra are caused by the difference in paper type or the paper's non-uniformity. We used near-infrared hyperspectral imaging to measure the spectra of many different points quickly for eight different paper samples. Next, we analysed the data using machine learning and constructed a model to ascertain whether the differences in the spectra are due to the difference in paper type or the paper's non-uniformity. Even papers with very similar spectral shapes were distinguished with high accuracy with this method. As the number of spectra used to construct the classification model increased, the accuracy of the classification model increased. With 6840 spectra per sample, the accuracy exceeded 85%, and with 68,400 spectra per sample, the accuracy for identification was 87.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. Comment on "Additional Boundary Condition for Electric Quadrupolar Continua Derived from Maxwell's Differential Equations" by A.D. Yaghjian and M.G. Silveirinha.

Author

Yaghjian, A. D. and Silveirinha, M. G.

Subjects
ACCURACY, PAPER, ERRATA (in newspapers, magazines, etc.)
Abstract

The accuracy of the fundamental electric quadrupolar constitutive relation used in the paper by Yaghjian and Silveirinha (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS006066) is determined and used to improve upon the derivation of one of the boundary conditions for electric quadrupolar media. In addition, three typographical errors in the aforementioned paper are noted. Key Points: The accuracy of expressions in the previous paper is determinedThe derivation of one of the boundary conditions in the previous paper is improvedTypographical errors in the previous paper are noted [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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5. Sequelae of prospective versus retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences

Author

I. Schoon, Palaniappan Vellaisamy, and J. Hardt

Subjects
Paper, Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Maltreatment Research, National Child Development Study, Firstborn, Adolescent, Personality development, Pain, Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, Adolescents, Life Change Events, Young Adult, Bias, Risk Factors, Recall bias, Germany, Adaptation, Psychological, medicine, Adults, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, Child, Somatoform Disorders, Children, General Psychology, Accuracy, Retrospective Studies, Sexual-Abuse, Victimization, Retrospective cohort study, Health Surveys, humanities, United Kingdom, Personality Development, Recollections, Mental Recall, Female, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Retrospective assessment of adverse childhood experiences is widely used in research, although there are concerns about its validity. In particular, recall bias is assumed to produce significant artifacts. Data from a longitudinal cohort (the British National Child Development Study; N = 7,710) and the retrospective Mainz Adverse Childhood Experiences Study ( N = 1,062, Germany) were compared on 10 adverse childhood experiences and psychological adjustment at age 42 yr. Between the two methods, no significant differences in risk effects were detected. Results held for bivariate analyses on all 10 childhood adversities and a multivariate model; the later comprises the childhood adversities which show significant long-term sequelae (not always with natural parent, chronically ill parent, financial hardship, and being firstborn) and three covariates. In conclusion, the present data did not show any bias in the retrospective assessment.

Published
2010

6. Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of serological tests on filter paper samples for outbreak detection of T.b. gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

Author

Marleen Boelaert, Victor Kande, Dieudonné Mumba, Epco Hasker, Jean Jacques Muyembe, Veerle Lejon, Jo Robays, Phillipe Büscher, Joris Menten, and Pascal Lutumba

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Prevalence, Serological, Antibodies, Protozoan, Serology, Disease Outbreaks, Sensitivity, Direct agglutination test, Medicine, African trypanosomiasis, Evaluation, Diagnostics, Accuracy, Blood Specimen Collection, Tsetse flies, Feasibility, Articles, Protozoal diseases, Vectors, Latex fixation test, Test kits, Detection, Congo-Kinshasa, Infectious Diseases, Specificity, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ELISA, Lot quality assurance sampling, Monte Carlo Method, Paper, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Filter paper, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Virology, Agglutination Tests, CATT, Humans, Africa, Central, business.industry, Rapid diagnostic tests, Outbreaks, Sleeping sickness, medicine.disease, Trypanosomiasis, African, ROC Curve, Sample size determination, Parasitology, business, Trypanosomiasis, Filtration, Latex Fixation Tests
Abstract

Control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Democratic Republic of Congo is based on mass population screening by mobile teams; a costly and labor-intensive approach. We hypothesized that blood samples collected on filter paper by village health workers and processed in a central laboratory might be a cost-effective alternative. We estimated sensitivity and specificity of micro-card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (micro-CATT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/T.b. gambiense on filter paper samples compared with parasitology-based case classification and used the results in a Monte Carlo simulation of a lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) approach. Micro-CATT and ELISA/T.b. gambiense showed acceptable sensitivity (92.7% [95% CI 87.4-98.0%] and 82.2% [95% CI 75.3-90.4%]) and very high specificity (99.4% [95% CI 99.0-99.9%] and 99.8% [95% CI 99.5-100%]), respectively. Conditional on high sample size per lot (> or = 60%), both tests could reliably distinguish a 2% from a zero prevalence at village level. Alternatively, these tests could be used to identify individual HAT suspects for subsequent confirmation.

Published
2010