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15 results on '"EMBRAPA Cerrados"'

1. The 4 per 1000 goal and soil carbon storage under agroforestry and conservation agriculture systems in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Emmanuel Torquebiau, Hervé Guibert, Rémi Cardinael, Krishna Naudin, Marc Corbeels, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, and Cardinael, Rémi

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Crop residue, Conservation agriculture, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Minimum tillage, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 2. Zero hunger, biology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Soil type, biology.organism_classification, Climate change mitigation, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The 4‰ initiative launched by the French government at COP21 in Paris in December 2015 aspires to increase global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a rate of 0.4% per year. We conducted a systematic literature review on SOC storage under agroforestry and conservation agriculture systems in sub-Saharan Africa, where we reported 66 and 33 cases for both systems respectively. The results showed that SOC storage rates were significantly higher than 4‰ yr−1 in fallows and in multistrata agroforestry systems (P = 0.0001 and 0.0178, respectively), but not in alley cropping and parklands systems. For conservation agriculture, SOC storage rates were only significantly higher than 4‰ yr−1 (P = 0.0438) when all three principles were applied, i.e. no- or minimum tillage combined with crop residue retention and intercropping or rotation. The data showed very large variability in SOC storage rates as the result of various factors, including previous land-use history, experimental set up and approach used to determine SOC storage (diachronic versus synchronic approach), soil type, depth of soil sampling, type of crops and management, and duration of the experiment. SOC storage rates significantly decreased with time in the agroforestry systems (P = 0.0328). However, we were unable to find significant relationships with initial SOC stocks or tree density. Given the limited published data and the high variability in results, no significant relationships between SOC storage rates and site variables were found for conservation agriculture. We argue that there is a potential for SOC storage in agricultural soils of sub-Saharan Africa, as illustrated by SOC gaps observed on smallholder farms. Low SOC levels are, however, to a great extent the result of limited resources of most smallholder farmers. Practices such as agroforestry and conservation agriculture can restore SOC in these soils, but the 4‰ initiative has to be implemented on the grounds of the positive impact on crop productivity rather than on climate change mitigation. The efficiency in doing so will depend on the specific situations and will need economic support to smallholder farmers, including the promotion of good markets for sale of extra produce and for input supply, effective private support and policy, such as credit schemes and subsidies for inputs, and efficient extension services which incentivize farmers to invest in new technologies.

Published
2019

2. Shrinkage of microaggregates in Brazilian Latosols during drying: significance of the clay content, mineralogy and hydric stress history

Author

Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Adriana Reatto, Isabelle Cousin, Michel Brossard, Éder de Souza Martins, Régis Guégan, Ary Bruand, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This research is part of the project Embrapa Cerrados - IRD, N°0203205 (Mapping of the Biome Cerrado Landscape and Functioning of Representative Soils)., Empresa (Embrapa Cerrados), Empresa, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Mineralogy, clay content, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Latosol, mineralogical composition, 01 natural sciences, Specific surface area, size distribution, microaggregate, medicine, shrinkage property, propriété de retrait, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shrinkage, latosol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Water retention, Soil water, Particle-size distribution, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle size, medicine.symptom, Clay minerals
Abstract

P>Latosols (Oxisols, Ferralsols) are characterized by a poor soil horizon differentiation, with a strong microgranular structure formed by microaggregates 50 to 300 mu m in size. This microgranular structure is generally considered to be very stable and the shrinkage properties of microaggregates as poor or absent. The objective of our study was to analyse the shrinkage properties of microaggregates in diagnostic Bw horizons collected in Latosols with various particle size distributions and mineralogical compositions depending on their location in a regional toposequence across the Brazilian central plateau. We measured the water retention properties at -300 and -1500 kPa with a centrifugation method. The morphology and size of elementary particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy; specific surface area (SSA) was determined by nitrogen adsorption. We also determined the pore size distribution of microaggregates by the combined use of mercury intrusion and the nitrogen desorption isotherm. Our results show that microaggregates of the Latosols studied were not rigid and shrank during drying. The pore volume of the -300 and -1500 kPa-treated samples, that of the dried microaggregates and the SSA were closely related to the clay content. The mineralogy of particles < 2 mu m played a secondary role in the properties studied. Our results show that microaggregate shrinkage at -300 kPa and -1500 kPa varied with the location of the Latosols in the landscape. Thus, microaggregates of Latosols located on the upper highland surface of Late Tertiary shrank less than those of the lowland surface of Late Quaternary, and this difference was attributed to their different hydric stress histories. Proprietes de retrait des microagregats de Latosols bresiliens: importance de la teneur en argile, de la composition mineralogique et de l'histoire hydrique. Resume Les Latosols (Oxisols, Ferralsols) sont caracterises par une faible differenciation de leurs horizons et une structure microgranulaire representee par des microagregats de 50 300 mu m de diametre. Ces microagregats sont generalement consideres comme etant tres stables et leurs proprietes de retrait comme etant tres limitees, voire absentes. L'objectif de cette etude est d'analyser les proprietes de retrait des microagregats dans l'horizon diagnostic Bw de Latosols de composition granulometrique et mineralogique variable en fonction de leur position le long d'une toposequence regionale selectionnee pour l'etude dans le Plateau Central bresilien. Nous avons mesure les quantites d'eau retenues -300 et -1500 kPa en utilisant la methode par centrifugation. La morphologie et la taille des particules elementaires ont ete etudiees en microscopie electronique transmission et l'aide de mesure de surface BET. Nous avons aussi determine la distribution de taille des pores dans les agregats deshydrates en combinant les donnees de la porosimetrie au mercure et celles issues de l'isotherme de desorption d'azote. Nos resultats montrent que les microagregats des Latosols etudies ne sont pas rigides et diminuent de volume lors de la dessiccation. Le volume poral des microagregats -300 et -1500 kPa ainsi que leur volume poral apres deshydratation sont etroitement lies la teneur en argile. En revanche, la composition mineralogique de la fraction < 2 mu m ne jouerait au plus qu'un role secondaire dans les variations du volume poral. Nos resultats ont montre que les proprietes de retrait des microagregats varient en fonction de la position des Latosols dans le paysage. Ainsi, les microagregats des Latosols situes sur les hauts plateaux de la fin du Tertiaire diminuent moins de volume lors de la dessiccation que les agregats situes sur les surfaces du Quaternaire recent et situees en contrebas dans le paysage. Une telle difference de comportement serait liee l'histoire hydrique des Latosols, ceux situes sur les surfaces les plus anciennes ayant vraisemblablement subi des contraintes hydriques plus elevees que ceux situes sur les surfaces les plus recentes.

Published
2009
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3. Indicators of Soil Physical Quality: From Simplicity to Complexity

Author

Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola, Ary Bruand, Vilson Antonio Klein, Glenio Guimarães Santos, Alvaro Pires da Silva, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Rachel Muylaert Locks Guimarães, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Cássio Antonio Tormena, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá [Maringá] (UEM), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Departamento de Ciência do Solo e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná [Curitiba] (UTFPR), Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Marcos Bacis Ceddia, Marta Vasconcelos Ottoni, and Guilheme Kangussu Donnagema

Subjects
Least limiting water range, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil physics, Crop growth, Visual evaluation, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil compaction (agriculture), S index, Relative compaction, Soil structure, Soil functions, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Quality (business), Simplicity, Soil compaction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

International audience; In working with soil physics, getting new answers to the same questions is a challenge. As soil physicists, we are always hoping to find new ways of understanding such a complex soil science area. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the ways to assess soil physical quality for crop growth, using ascending complexity classification, from the simplest to the more complex soil physical indicators for crop growth.

Published
2014
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4. Development and origin of the microgranular structure in Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau: significance of texture, mineralogy, and biological activity

Author

Adriana Reatto, Osmar Abilio de Carvalho, Guy Richard, Ary Bruand, Michel Brossard, Fabrice Muller, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Éder de Souza Martins, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, Agrosystèmes et impacts environnementaux carbone-azote (Agro-Impact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Embrapa Cerrados - IRD, n°0203205, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Unité d'Agronomie Laon-Reims-Mons (LAON)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, GIBBSITE, Mineralogy, FAUNE DU SOL, Latosol, ANALYSE MINERALOGIQUE, 01 natural sciences, Texture (geology), STRUCTURE DU SOL, Termite, Soil structure, Micromorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Microstructure, ANALYSE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Horizon (geology), geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, TERMITE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, KAOLINITE, 15. Life on land, Oxisol, ARGILE, South american, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, MICROSTRUCTURE, Bioturbation, Porosity, Geology, Brazil
Abstract

International audience; Brazilian Latosols are characterized by low activity clay, little horizon differentiation, a weak macrostructure and a strong microgranular structure. The development of the latter that was reported as being possibly related to the fine material mineralogy, location in the landscape, parental material and biological activity is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to discuss the origin of the microgranular structure of Latosols located in the Brazilian Central Plateau. Ten Latosols (L) developed in different parent materials were selected along an approximately 350-km long regional toposequence across the South American Surface (SAS) (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (VS) (L5 to L10). The structure of the Latosols was studied in the field and samples of the diagnostic Bw horizons were collected for laboratory analyses. Basic soil characterization was performed on the

Published
2009
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5. Understanding the genesis of ultramafic soils and catena dynamics in Niquelandia, Brazil

Author

Jérémie Garnier, Thierry Becquer, Éder de Souza Martins, Vijayendra K. Garg, Cécile Quantin, Edi Mendes Guimarães, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus Univ. Darcy Ribeiro (IG GMP ICC Ctr), University Darcy Ribeiro, UMR BioSol 137, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Embrapa Cerrados, and EMBRAPA Cerrados

Subjects
Chromium, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Garnierite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ni-bearing smectites, Ultramafic rock, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pedogenesis, Chromite, Ultramafic soil, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Silicate, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Clay minerals, Geology
Abstract

This study focuses on the fate of chromium during ultramafic weathering under tropical conditions. Three soils were studied along a characteristic catena on the ultramafic outcrop of Niquelândia, Brazil. In these soils, the Cr-bearing minerals are inherited chromites (15.4–26.8 wt.% Cr) and magnetites (0.4–4.8 wt.% Cr) and secondary minerals such as iron oxides (0–2 wt.% Cr) or Ni-smectites (0–6.8 wt.% Cr). Indeed, during weathering, Cr liberated from primary minerals can first be incorporated into Ni-smectites (garnierite) or Fe oxides. As the weathering continues, smectites become unstable and Cr liberated into the soil solution, and incorporates in Fe oxides. In this oxidized environment, Fe and Mn are oxidized and oxides can incorporate elements like Cr, Ni and Al. Two types of chromites were distinguished, i.e. a vein type (VC) and a rock type (RC) according to their composition. Chromites could be used as tracer of pedogenesis processes due to the distinct composition of VC and RC types. They allow us to show that the upper part of some soil profile results exclusively from colluvial processes, and the lower part of the profile results from the ultramafic bedrock weathering. The chromite tracer allows us to propose a model of the catena evolution.

Published
2009

6. Validity of the centrifuge method for determining the water retention properties of tropical soils

Author

Ary Bruand, Éder de Souza Martins, Adriana Reatto, Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima, Euzebio Medrado da Silva, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), EMBRAPA Cerrados, and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)

Subjects
Centrifuge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pressure plate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Water retention, Set (abstract data type), Data point, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, medicine, Tropical soils, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Geotechnical engineering, medicine.symptom, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; This study aims at comparing the centrifuge and pressure plate methods when appropriate duration of run is adopted. Samples collected in tropical soils located in Brazil along a 10-km local hydrosequence across the Cerrado-Amazonia transition (set 1) and along a 350-km regional toposequence across the Cerrado region (set 2) were selected to compare and discuss statistically the similarity of the soil-water retention recorded by using the pressure plate and centrifuge methods. The results showed good agreement (R2 = 0.99) for the 1:1 comparison of measured point-wise soil-water content values (set 1) as well as for the fitted soil-water content curves by van Genuchten model using data points obtained with the two methods (set 2). Thus, the centrifuge method should be considered as an appropriate method for determining soil-water retention properties not only for the similar results with the pressure plate method but also for being much less time consuming.

Published
2008
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7. Mass Proportion of Microaggregates and Bulk Density in a Brazilian Clayey Oxisol

Author

Maria Inês Lopes de Oliveira, Ary Bruand, Michel Brossard, Nathalie Volland-Tuduri, Éder de Souza Martins, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Actualisation et valorisation des données pédologiques tropicales et méditerranéennes. Contributions à la recherche, à l'expertise et à l'aide à la gestion des ressources (VALPEDO), EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão (EMBRAPA ARROZ E FEIJãO), Embrapa, EMBRAPA Cerrados (EMBRAPA CERRADOS), and EMBRAPA Cerrados

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Silt, 01 natural sciences, Pasture, Bulk density, Soil structure, Oxisol, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Porosity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The physical properties of Brazilian Oxisols are closely related to the development of their microstructure, which typically consists of stable microaggregates >1 mm. There is no model available to predict changes in microstructure in Oxisols. The objective of this work was to relate the proportion of microaggregates to the bulk density (D b ) in the soil studied. Five sites of a typic Haplustox under native vegetation (two sites) and pasture (three sites) were sampled. Soil bulk density, sand, silt, and clay content and aggregate-size distribution were measured from the surface to 1.6 m deep in increments of 0.1 m. Thin sections were prepared from undisturbed samples collected in duplicate from 0- to 0.1-, 0.3- to 0.4-, 0.8- to 0.9-, and 1.5- to 1.6-m depths, and backscattered electron scanning images (BESI) were generated. Clay content ranged from 672 to 798 g kg - 1 and bulk density between 0.87 and 1.18 g cm among the 80 samples studied. Bulk density was poorly correlated with clay content (R 2 = 0.358) and at any depth was not significantly smaller under native vegetation than under pasture. Visual assessment of BESI revealed that soil material corresponded to either microaggregates (

Published
2005
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8. Effects of companion crops and tillage on soil phosphorus in a Brazilian oxisol: a chemical and 31P NMR spectroscopy study

Author

Diogo Néia Eberhardt, Thierry Becquer, Christine Le Guernevé, Herve Quiquampoix, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Volaniaina H. Ramaroson, Marie Sauvadet, Takashi Muraoka, University of São Paulo (USP), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Antananarivo, Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), USP/Cofecub program (129/11), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Comite Francais d'Evaluation de la Cooperation Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Bresil, France, CAPES, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)

Subjects
Brachiaria ruziziensis, amélioration des cultures, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Travail du sol, Stratigraphy, Organic phosphorus, Spectroscopie, Plante de culture associée, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, F07 - Façons culturales, Augmentation de rendement, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Cover crops, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Tillage, Rendement des cultures, Agroécosystème, Oxisol, agriculture de conservation, Culture associée, Ferralsol, Conservation agriculture, P-31 NMR, chemistry.chemical_element, Zea mays, phosphorus content [EN], Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Phosphorus cycling, Phosphorus, Soil organic matter, fungi, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Manure, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cajanus cajan
Abstract

International audience; Purpose Phosphorus (P) is often the main limiting factor for plant growth in highly weathered tropical soils. Phosphate use efficiency and crop yields could be increased in low-input agroecosystems through cropping systems that favor organic matter accumulation or regular additions of composts and manure. Our objective was to determine the amounts and forms of P according to companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis-a grass species-or Cajanus cajan-a leguminous species) and tillage systems (conventional or no-tillage). Materials and methods Soil P pools were determined (P-resin, P-Olsen, PNaOH-EDTA, and P-total) and P species were characterized by P-31 NMR spectroscopy. Results and discussion The concentrations of available and labile inorganic P (P-resin, Pi(Olsen), and Pi(NaOH-EDTA)) were greater in soil samples where companion crops (Brachiaria ruziziensis or Cajanus cajan) and maize were planted on the same row, with a more significant effect with the legume species. According to the P-31 NMR, it is mostly the proportion and amount of P-Orthophosphate that was increased, with a slight increase of the content of P-Monoester. Overall, there was a decrease of the proportion of organic P (Po-NMR/P-NMR) from 32 to 16% when the legume companion crop was associated with maize. Conclusions The tillage systems did not lead to any change in the amounts and forms of P. Companion crops are thought to increase available P through mineralization of Po from plant residues and soil organic matter, leading to an increase of fluxes between active P pools.

Published
2021
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9. ZONEAMENTO DE RISCO CLIMÁTICO PARA CULTIVO DA SOJA NO CERRADO

Author

Fernando Antonio Macena da Silva, Antonio de Almeida Nobre Júnior, Lucijane Monteiro de Abreu, Ana Clara Alves de Melo, and Ao Laboratório de Biofísica Ambiental da EMBRAPA Cerrados.

Subjects
Climate events, agroclimatologia, gestão ambiental, política agrícola, planejamento ambiental, BioMA, Risk zoning, Forestry, 0102 computer and information sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biology, Grain filling, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Water deficit, Water requirement, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, 010201 computation theory & mathematics
Abstract

A agricultura é uma atividade de risco e incerteza. O Zoneamento Agrícola de Risco Climático (ZARC) indica o que, onde e quando plantar para fugir dos eventos climáticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias para o zoneamento agrícola de risco climático da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no Bioma Cerrado. Utilizou-se o Índice de Satisfação da Necessidade de Água (ISNA) considerando às fases fenológicas críticas ao déficit hídrico: Fase I (germinação e emergência) e Fase III (floração e enchimento de grãos). Na primeira abordagem considerou-se a fase III. Na segunda abordagem consideraram-se as fases I e III. Utilizou-se o programa SARRAZON para a simulação do balanço hídrico. A zona de baixo risco climático correspondeu ao ISNA > 0,50 na fase I; e, o ISNA> 0,65 na fase III. Para fins de comparação considerou-se a época de semeadura, porcentagem das áreas de risco e quantidade de municípios recomendados. Na segunda metodologia, as zonas de baixo risco foram menores. A soja foi recomendada em solos com maior capacidade de água disponível. As áreas de alto risco situaram-se na transição entre os biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Esse estudo orienta o risco agroclimático da soja e subsidia políticas públicas no Cerrado.Palavras-chave: agroclimatologia; gestão ambiental; política agrícola; planejamento ambiental. CLIMATIC RISK ZONING METHODOLOGIES FOR SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN THE CERRADO BIOME ABSTRACT: Agriculture is an activity of risk and uncertainty. Agricultural Climate Risk Zoning (ZARC) indicates what, where and when to plant to escape climate events. The objective of this work was to compare two methodologies for agricultural climate risk zoning of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) in the Cerrado Biome. The Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) was used considering the phenological phases critical to water deficit: Phase I (germination and emergence) and Phase III (flowering and grain filling). In the first approach, phase III was considered. In the second approach, phases I and III were considered. The SARRAZON program was used to simulate water balance. The low climate risk zone corresponded to WRSI > 0.50 in phase I; and WRSI > 0.65 in phase III. For comparison purposes, the sowing time, percentage of risk areas and number of recommended municipalities were considered. In the second methodology, the low risk zones were smaller. Soybean has been recommended in soils with the highest available water capacity. The high-risk areas were in the transition between the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. This study guides soy agroclimatic risk and subsidizes public policies in the Cerrado.Keywords: agroclimatology; environmental management; agricultural policy; environmental planning.

Published
2020
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10. Geochemistry and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Oxisols in a mineralized region of the Brazilian Central Plateau

Author

Thierry Becquer, Diego Lang Burak, Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes, Nerilson Terra Santos, Lena Virgínia Soares Monteiro, Eder de Sousa Martins, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil), Project No 475623/2003-7, CAPES-COFECUB (Brazilian-French Cooperation Program) Project Number 514-05, EMBRAPA Cerrados/IRD project no 0203205, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Context (language use), Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, minas-gerais, Mineral deposits, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqua regia, Mineral, soils, competitive adsorption, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, lead, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, Metals dispersion, zinc, Sediment, Geomorphology, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Massif, 15. Life on land, mn, deposits, chemistry, Oxisol, oxides, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, vazante, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Spatial variability, western-australia, iron-oxides
Abstract

International audience; The majority of the soils of the Central Plateau of Brazil are product of long time development over stable surfaces, usually associated with erosion and re-deposition cycles. In this context, to successfully study the geochemistry and spatial distribution of heavy metals, it is essential to understand the geology as well as the geomorphology of the landscape and the properties of the metals related to their mobility. The main objective of this work was to evaluate contents of naturally occurring heavy metals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in some highly weathered tropical soils as related to their geochemistry, geology and geomorphology. Additionally, it was aimed to interpret the spatial distribution patterns of these metals and of major elements (Al, Fe, Ti and Mg), evaluating the association and taking the influence of the geology and geomorphology into consideration. In geo-referenced sites, ranging from 480 to 1040 m in altitude, samples were collected at two depths (0-20 and 60-80 cm), ground, sieved, and prepared for analysis. Heavy metals and major element contents were determined by extraction with aqua regia. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and spatial variability analyses were conducted and soil metal concentrations for the whole area were predicted by kriging (interpolation). A close association between Pb, Zn, and Mn was observed using PCA and Pearson's correlation. Highest concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Mn were determined in soils between 650 and 550 m altitude surrounding the dolomite massif hills and Ambrosia and Fagundes mineral deposits. Copper and Fe were found to be geochemically associated with highest concentrations observed in soils formed from carbonaceous phyllite with quartzite layers. Cobalt and Ni concentrations were associated with areas characterized geomorphologically as alluvial-colluvial deposits at the lowest altitudes within the region. Although there is a marked dispersive action of tropical weathering on metal distribution in the region, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found spatially associated with their geological source. This probably happens because of greater affinity of those metals to Fe and Mn oxides formed predominantly under tropical conditions and present in higher concentrations near to the sources of these heavy metals. On the other hand, both the low affinity of Ni and Co for these oxide minerals and the region's geomorphology allowed for their migration towards the drainage network to the regions of sediment accumulation at lower altitudes during the landscape's evolution.

Published
2010
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11. A statistical analysis of three ensembles of crop model responses to temperature and CO2 concentration

Author

Joost Wolf, Xinyou Yin, Pierre Martre, Zhengtao Zhang, H. K. Soo, Manuel Marcaida, Nadine Brisson, Patrick Bertuzzi, Soo-Hyung Kim, Yan Zhu, Roberto C. Izaurralde, L. A. Hunt, Maria I. Travasso, Christian Baron, James W. Jones, R.E.E. Jongschaap, T. Palosuo, Daniel Wallach, Jerry L. Hatfield, Christian Biernath, G. De Sanctis, Senthold Asseng, H. Yoshida, Donald S. Gaydon, Edmar Teixeira, Davide Cammarano, Alex C. Ruane, C. Nendel, T. Hasegawa, Thilo Streck, Garry O'Leary, Upendra Singh, Frank Ewert, Delphine Deryng, R. Goldberg, Bas A. M. Bouman, Peter J. Thorburn, Tao Li, Roberto Confalonieri, Myriam Adam, Jes Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Tamon Fumoto, Patricio Grassini, Joachim Ingwersen, Robert F. Grant, Katharina Waha, James Williams, Fulu Tao, Eckart Priesack, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Liang Tang, Sebastian Gayler, Jordi Doltra, L. Heng, Christoph Müller, J.G. Conijn, Iwan Supit, S. Naresh Kumar, Iurii Shcherbak, Jeffrey W. White, Hendrik Boogaard, Kenneth J. Boote, David Makowski, Federico Sau, Jean-Louis Durand, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Marc Corbeels, Steven Hoek, Simone Bregaglio, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Philippe Oriol, Anthony Challinor, R. A. Kemanian, Carlos Angulo, Pasquale Steduto, Bruno Basso, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Dennis Timlin, J. Hooker, Samuel Buis, Maria Virginia Pravia, Françoise Ruget, Dominique Ripoche, Simona Bassu, Pierre Stratonovitch, Jon I. Lizaso, Balwinder Singh, Tom M. Osborne, Paul W. Wilkens, Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Water Management Institute, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CGIAR, Institute of Crops Science and Resource Conservation INRES, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Geological Sciences [East Lansing], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecololgy, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Center for Geo-information, Alterra, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Cassandra Lab, University of Milan, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, CGIAR ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Embrapa Cerrados, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Tsukuba, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), WESS Water and Earth System Science Competence Cluster, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Departement of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre for Geo-Information, Agriculture Department, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Institute of Landscape System Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Department Produccion Vegetal, Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Walker Institute, NCAS Climate, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, Department Biologia Vegetal, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington [Seattle], FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Plant Production Systems and Earth System Science, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sustainable Production, Plant & Food Research, ARS Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, CIRN, Institute for Climate and Water, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agriculture, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Texas A&M University System, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Metaprogramme ACCAF, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, International Rice Research Institute, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Department of Geological Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Invergowrie, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Agro-ecologyand Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), UMR 1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial (AGIR), Agro-ecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Geological Sciences, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre ( CIMMYT ), International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC ), Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Texas A and M University ( TAMU )

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Climate change, Crop model, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Mathematical model, Air, Forestry, Regression analysis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rendement des cultures, Plant Production Systems, Statistical model, Modèle mathématique, Atmosphère, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield, Crop Physiology, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Earth System Science, Emulator, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, Alterra - Centrum Bodem, Precipitation, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Meta-model, Changement climatique, Hydrology, Modélisation des cultures, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Soil Science Centre, 15. Life on land, Température, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Yield (chemistry), Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Laboratory of Phytopathology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Plante de culture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract

Ensembles of process-based crop models are increasingly used to simulate crop growth for scenarios of temperature and/or precipitation changes corresponding to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This approach generates large datasets with thousands of simulated crop yield data. Such datasets potentially provide new information but it is difficult to summarize them in a useful way due to their structural complexities. An associated issue is that it is not straightforward to compare crops and to interpolate the results to alternative climate scenarios not initially included in the simulation protocols. Here we demonstrate that statistical models based on random-coefficient regressions are able to emulate ensembles of process-based crop models. An important advantage of the proposed statistical models is that they can interpolate between temperature levels and between CO2 concentration levels, and can thus be used to calculate temperature and [CO2] thresholds leading to yield loss or yield gain, without rerunning the original complex crop models. Our approach is illustrated with three yield datasets simulated by 19 maize models, 26 wheat models, and 13 rice models. Several statistical models are fitted to these datasets, and are then used to analyze the variability of the yield response to [CO2] and temperature. Based on our results, we show that, for wheat, a [CO2] increase is likely to outweigh the negative effect of a temperature increase of +2 degrees C in the considered sites. Compared to wheat, required levels of [CO2] increase are much higher for maize, and intermediate for rice. For all crops, uncertainties in simulating climate change impacts increase more with temperature than with elevated [CO2]. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2015
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12. Conversion of forest to agriculture in Amazonia with the chop-and-mulch method: Does it improve the soil carbon stock?

Author

Mathieu Godet, Austrelino Silveira Filho, Max Sarrazin, Jean-Claude Horth, Anne-Sophie Perrin, Bernard Garric, Caroline Petitjean, Kenji Fujisaki, Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Michel Brossard, Luiz Carlos Balbino, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR LAMA (Laboratoire des moyens analytiques de Cayenne), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), EMBRAPA Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, EMBRAPA Arroz & Feijao, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
enfouissement des résidus forestiers, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, No-tillage, Brachiaria, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, No-till farming, Fire-free, Urochloa, Deforestation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, absence de brulis, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Tillage, Agronomy, Annual crops, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mulch
Abstract

Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20 cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16 kg m(-2) of carbon in 2 mm-sieved soil down to 2 m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30 cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions 2 mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30 cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the

Published
2014
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13. Soil discrimination using diffuse reflectance Vis-NIR spectroscopy in a local toposequence

Author

Michel Brossard, Edemar Joaquim Corazza, Maria de Fátima Guimarães, José Francirlei de Oliveira, Stanislas Mayi, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame, Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Geociências, Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Cerrados, CAPES, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Goethite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Ferralsol, GIBBSITE, Mineralogy, AGREGAT, Latosol, 01 natural sciences, COMPOSITION MINERALOGIQUE, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Organic matter, Spectroscopy, Gibbsite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Global and Planetary Change, METHODE D'ANALYSE, PCA, SOL, Chemistry, SPECTROMETRIE INFRAROUGE, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, SPECTROSCOPIE, ANALYSE EN COMPOSANTES PRINCIPALES, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hematite, KAOLINITE, FER, ARGILE, visual_art, VARIATION SPATIALE, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

Vis–NIR spectroscopy is nowadays presented as a possible routine method for soil sample analysis. However, there is still no consensus on which is the best multivariate statistical method to use. We propose to use principal component analysis to complete the spectral data treatment. The soil samples came from a pedological cover made up of red–yellow Latosols: 88 samples of 11 soil profiles on four toposequences were collected; clay, organic matter, silica, iron, aluminum and titanium total contents were determined; the contents of goethite, hematite, gibbsite, and kaolinite were calculated. Diffuse reflectance Vis–NIR spectroscopy at wavelengths from 400 to 2400 nm combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was sufficiently sensitive to discriminate different Latosols. Wavelengths of 700 nm and 2200 to 2300 nm were influenced by content ratios of organic matter and iron oxides (700 nm), and kaolinite and gibbsite absorption (2200 and 2300 nm). The spectral responses were affected not only by the content of these constituents, but also by the composition of the minerals, so that the same class of Latosol may have different or similar spectral responses. The role of microaggregation is discussed.

Published
2013
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14. Unravelling zinc and lead distributions in dolomitic and metapelitic soils of the Brazilian Central Plateau: insight from physical fractionation, optical microscopy and X-ray microfluorescence

Author

D. Lang Burak, F. van Oort, Eddy Foy, M. P. Ferreira Fontes, Thierry Becquer, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazilian-French Cooperation Programme Capes-Cofecub [514-05], EMBRAPA Cerrados/IRD [0203205], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM)

Subjects
Sols tropicaux, iron oxide, Ferralsol, Dolomite, métaux en trace, Soil Science, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Weathering, Zinc, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sesquioxide, plomb, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Cambisol, lead, Dolomitic, Chemistry, contamination métallique, zinc, Sorption, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, heavy metal, oxyde de fer, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, metal contamination, Tropical soils, Lead, Metapelitic soils, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract

International audience; Large zinc and lead concentrations occur in strongly weathered soils of Cambisol–Ferralsol toposequences in the Paracatu-Vazante area (Central Plateau, Brazil). Weathering of the mineralized dolomite parent material of the Cambisols is hypothesized to be the geogenic source of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), with dissemination downslope into the Ferralsols. This leads to different metal distribution patterns in the two soils. We studied Zn and Pb distributions in selected A and B horizons of two typical profiles to examine this hypothesis and assess the contribution of sesquioxides to the retention of these metals. Physical separation into 200–2000, 50–200, 20–50 and < 20-µm size fractions in water without chemical dispersants was carried out before (F1) and after (F2) ultrasonification. The fractions were analysed for total and extractable Zn and Pb concentrations and studied by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Microscale Zn and Pb distribution maps were obtained by using micro-X-ray fluorescence on thin sections. For the Cambisol, the composition, morphology and large Zn and Pb concentrations of coarse-sized F2 fractions were consistent with a geogenic metal origin. In both soils, < 20-µm fractions contained the largest amounts of Zn and Pb. In the Cambisol, this < 20-µm fraction included poorly crystalline Mn-rich material, encouraging strong Pb sorption. The Ferralsol < 20-µm fractions contained more Al- and Fe-oxide-rich microaggregates, which also enhanced strong metal retention. Large sesquioxide contents in these and similar tropical soils reduce metal mobilities. This limits the risk of toxicity when such soils, with metal contents exceeding guidelines, are used for agriculture.

Published
2013
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15. Mobility of metals in nickel mine spoil materials

Author

Éder de Souza Martins, Thibault Sterckeman, Guillaume Echevarria, Thierry Becquer, Jérémie Garnier, Sophie Raous, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Embrapa Cerrados, Univesité de Sao Paulo, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Goethite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amendment, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Garnierite, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Limonite, Metallurgy, Lessivage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Saprolite, Pollution, Soil contamination, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leaching (metallurgy), Geology
Abstract

International audience; An understanding of the biogeochemical behaviour of metals in mine spoil materials is a prerequisite to rehabilitate Ni mining sites. The objective of this study was to characterize the fate of metals in different Ni ore spoil materials as influenced by hydrological conditions and fertilisation practices. In tropical ultramafic complexes, the different stages of lateritic weathering lead to two types of ores, and therefore, to two spoil types. They are mainly either a clay-rich saprolite, so-called "garnierite", enriched in phyllosilicates, or a limonitic material, enriched in Fe oxides. Lysimeter columns were designed to monitor leaching waters through both spoil materials. The garnieritic spoil released higher concentrations of Mg (mean = 2.25 mg L-1), Ni (0.39 mg L-1) and Cr (1.19 mg L-1) than the limonitic spoil (Mg = 0.5 mg L-1: Ni = 0.03 mg L-1 and Cr = 0.25 mg L-1). Chromium was mainly in an anionic form in leaching solutions. As exchangeable pools of Cr(VI) in limonite (980 mg kg(-1) of KH2PO4-extractable Cr) are considerable its release in water may still occur in the case of a pH increase. In mixed spoil, metal concentrations were almost as low as in the limonitic one. The effect of mineral-N fertilisation was a strong release of cations (Ni, Mg) into the leachate. Phosphate amendment did not affect the soil solution composition under experimental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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