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1. Staging Parkinson's Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life

Author

Santos García, Diego, Deus Fonticoba, María Teresa de, Paz González, J. M., Cores Bartolomé, C., Valdés Aymerich, L., Muñoz Enríquez, J. G., Suárez, E., Jesús, S., Aguilar Barberà, Miquel, Pastor, P., Planellas, L. L., Cosgaya, M., García Caldentey, J., Caballol, N., Legarda, I., Hernández-Vara, Jorge, Cabo, I., López Manzanares, L., González Aramburu, I., Ávila-Rivera, M. A, Catalán, M. J., Nogueira, V., Puente, V., García Moreno, José Manuel, Borrué, C., Solano Vila, B., Álvarez Sauco, M., Vela, Lydia, Escalante, S., Cubo, Esther, Carrillo Padilla, F., Martínez Castrillo, J. C., Sánchez Alonso, P., Alonso Losada, M. G., López Ariztegui, N., Gastón, I., Kulisevsky, Jaime, Blázquez Estrada, M., Seijo, M., Rúiz Martínez, J., Valero, C., Kurtis, M., Fàbregues-Boixar i Nebot, Oriol de, González Ardura, J., Ordás, C., López Díaz, L., Mir, P., Martinez-Martin, Pablo, COPPADIS Study Group, None, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, [Santos García D, Paz González JM, Cores Bartolomé C, Valdés Aymerich L, Muñoz Enríquez JG] CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. [De Deus Fonticoba T] CHUF, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain. [Hernández Vara J, de Fábregues O] Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina, [Santos Garcia, D.] Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, CHUAC, La Coruna, Spain, [Paz Gonzalez, J. M.] Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, CHUAC, La Coruna, Spain, [Cores Bartolome, C.] Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, CHUAC, La Coruna, Spain, [Valdes Aymerich, L.] Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, CHUAC, La Coruna, Spain, [Munoz Enriquez, J. G.] Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, CHUAC, La Coruna, Spain, [De Deus Fonticoba, T.] Complejo Hosp Univ Ferrol, CHUF, La Coruna, Spain, [Suarez, E.] Complejo Hosp Univ Ferrol, CHUF, La Coruna, Spain, [Jesus, S.] Univ Seville, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio,CSIC,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain, [Mir, P.] Univ Seville, Serv Neurol & Neurofisiol Clin, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio,CSIC,Inst Biomed Sevilla, Seville, Spain, [Jesus, S.] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegnerat, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain, [Gonzalez Aramburu, I.] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegnerat, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain, [Kulisevsky, J.] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegnerat, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain, [Mir, P.] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegnerat, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain, [Martinez-Martin, P.] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegnerat, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain, [Aguilar, M.] Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain, [Pastor, P.] Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain, [Planellas, L. L.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, [Cosgaya, M.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, [Garcia Caldentey, J.] Ctr Neurol Oms 42, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, [Caballol, N.] Hosp Moises Broggi, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Barcelona, Spain, [Legarda, I.] Hosp Univ Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, [Hernandez Vara, J.] Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, [de Fabregues, O.] Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, [Cabo, I.] Complejo Hosp Univ Pontevedra CHOP, Pontevedra, Spain, [Seijo, M.] Complejo Hosp Univ Pontevedra CHOP, Pontevedra, Spain, [Lopez Manzanares, L.] Hosp Univ La Princesa, Madrid, Spain, [Gonzalez Aramburu, I.] Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, [Avila Rivera, M. A.] Hosp Gen Hosp, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Barcelona, Spain, [Catalan, M. J.] Hosp Univ Clin San Carlos, Madrid, Spain, [Nogueira, V.] Hosp Da Costa, Lugo, Spain, [Puente, V.] Hosp del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, [Garcia Moreno, J. M.] Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain, [Borrue, C.] Hosp Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain, [Solano Vila, B.] Inst Catala Salut, Inst Assistencia Sanitaria IAS, Girona, Spain, [Alvarez Sauco, M.] Hosp Gen Univ Elche, Elche, Spain, [Vela, L.] Fdn Hosp Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain, [Escalante, S.] Hosp Tortosa Verge Cinta IITVC, Tarragona, Spain, [Cubo, E.] Complejo Asistencial Univ Burgos, Burgos, Spain, [Carrillo Padilla, F.] Hosp Univ Canarias, San Cristobal De Laguna, Santa Cruz De T, Spain, [Martinez Castrillo, J. C.] Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, [Sanchez Alonso, P.] Hosp Univ Puerta Hierro, Madrid, Spain, [Alonso Losada, M. G.] Complejo Hosp Univ Vigo CHUVI, Hosp Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain, [Lopez Ariztegui, N.] Complejo Hosp Toledo, Toledo, Spain, [Gaston, I.] Complejo Hosp Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, [Kulisevsky, J.] Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, [Blazquez Estrada, M.] Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain, [Ruiz Martinez, J.] Hosp Univ Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain, [Valero, C.] Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Valencia, Spain, [Kurtis, M.] Hosp Ruber Int, Madrid, Spain, [Gonzalez Ardura, J.] Hosp Univ Lucus Augusti HULA, Lugo, Spain, [Ordas, C.] Hosp Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain, [Lopez Diaz, L.] Complejo Hosp Univ Orense CHUO, Orense, Spain, and [COPPADIS Study Grp] Fdn Curemos Parkinson, C Juana Vega 23 2, La Coruna 15004, Spain

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Discapacitats, Parkinson's disease, Article Subject, Degenerative Disorder, Parkinson, Malaltia de - Prognosi, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Disease, Stage ii, personas::personas con discapacidad [DENOMINACIONES DE GRUPOS], Parkinson’s Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades del sistema nervioso central::enfermedades cerebrales::enfermedades de los ganglios basales::trastornos parkinsonianos::enfermedad de Parkinson [ENFERMEDADES], Malaltia de Parkinson, Internal medicine, medicine, Motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS), Stage (cooking), RC346-429, 030304 developmental biology, ambiente y salud pública::salud pública::medidas epidemiológicas::demografía::estado de salud::calidad de vida [ATENCIÓN DE SALUD], Subtypes, 0303 health sciences, Questionnaire, business.industry, Neurodegenerative disorder, medicine.disease, humanities, Scale, Psychiatry and Mental health, Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Health Status::Quality of Life [HEALTH CARE], Impact, Persons::Disabled Persons [NAMED GROUPS], Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Basal Ganglia Diseases::Parkinsonian Disorders::Parkinson Disease [DISEASES], Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Neurology (clinical), Stage iv, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Qualitat de vida - Avaluació, Research Article
Abstract

COPPADIS Study Group., [Introduction] In a degenerative disorder such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is important to establish clinical stages that allow to know the course of the disease. Our aim was to analyze whether a scale combining Hoehn and Yahr’s motor stage (H&Y) and the nonmotor symptoms burden (NMSB) (assessed by the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS)) provides information about the disability and the patient’s quality of life (QoL) with regard to a defined clinical stage., [Materials and Methods] Cross-sectional study in which 603 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were classified according to H&Y (1, stage I; 2, stage II; 3, stage III; 4, stage IV/V) and NMSB (A: NMSS = 0–20; B: NMSS = 21–40; C: NMSS = 41–70; D: NMSS ≥ 71) in 16 stages (HY.NMSB, from 1A to 4D). QoL was assessed with the PDQ-39SI, PQ-10, and EUROHIS-QOL8 and disability with the Schwab&England ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scale., [Results] A worse QoL and greater disability were observed at a higher stage of H&Y and NMSB (). Combining both (HY.NMSB), patients in stages 1C and 1D and 2C and 2D had significantly worse QoL and/or less autonomy for ADL than those in stages 2A and 2B and 3A and 3B, respectively (; e.g., PDQ-39SI in 1D [n = 15] vs 2A [n = 101]: 28.6 ± 17.1 vs 7.9 ± 5.8; )., [Conclusion] The HY.NMSB scale is simple and reflects the degree of patient involvement more accurately than the H&Y. Patients with a lower H&Y stage may be more affected if they have a greater NMS burden.

Published
2021

2. Identification of candidate parkinson disease genes by integrating genome-wide association study, expression, and epigenetic data sets

Author

Kia, Demis A., Zhang, David, Guelfi, Sebastian, Manzoni, Claudia, Hubbard, Leon, Reynolds, Regina H., Botía, Juan, Ryten, Mina, Ferrari, Raffaele, Lewis, Patrick A., Williams, Nigel, Trabzuni, Daniah, Hardy, John, Wood, Nicholas W., Noyce, Alastair J., Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Middlehurst, Ben, Tan, Manuela, Houlden, Henry, Morris, Huw R., Plun-Favreau, Helene, Holmans, Peter, Bras, Jose, PhD, John Quinn, Mok, Kin Y., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Billingsley, Kimberley, Lewis, Patrick, Schreglmann, Sebastian, Guerreiro, Rita, Lovering, Ruth, R'Bibo, Lea, Rizig, Mie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Chelban, Viorica, Foltynie, Thomas, Brice, Alexis, Danjou, Fabrice, Lesage, Suzanne, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Martinez, Maria, Schulte, Claudia, Brockmann, Kathrin, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Heutink, Peter, Rizzu, Patrizia, Sharma, Manu, Gasser, Thomas, Nicolas, Aude, Cookson, Mark R., Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Craig, David W., Faghri, Faraz, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Hernandez, Dena G., Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Shulman, Joshua M., Leonard, Hampton L., Nalls, Mike A., Robak, Laurie, Lubbe, Steven, Finkbeiner, Steven, Mencacci, Niccolo E., Lungu, Codrin, Singleton, Andrew B, Scholz, Sonja W., Reed, Xylena, Alcalay, Roy N., Gan-Or, Ziv, Rouleau, Guy A., Krohn, Lynne, van Hilten, Jacobus J., Marinus, Johan, Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid D., Aguilar, Miquel, Alvarez, Ignacio, Alvarez, Victoria, Javier Barrero, Francisco, Bergareche Yarza, Jesús A., Bernal-Bernal, Inmaculada, Blazquez, Marta, Bonilla-Toribio, Marta, Botía, Juan A., Boungiorno, María T., Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Càmara, Ana, Carrillo, Fátima, Carrión-Claro, Mario, Cerdan, Debora, Clarimón, Jordi, Compta, Yaroslau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Dols-Icardo, Oriol, Duarte, Jacinto, Duran, Raquel, Escamilla-Sevilla, Francisco, Ezquerra, Mario, Feliz, Cici, Fernàndez, Manel, Fernàndez-Santiago, Rubén, Garcia, Ciara, García-Ruiz, Pedro, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Gomez Heredia, Maria J., Gonzalez-Aramburu, Isabel, Pagola, Ana G., Hoenicka, Janet, Infante, Jon, Jimenez-Escrig, Adriano, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel A., Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis, Arregui, Adolfo López de Munain, Macias, Daniel, Torres, Irene Martínez, Marín, Juan, Marti, Maria Jose, Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos, Mèndez-del-Barrio, Carlota, González, Manuel Menéndez, Adolfo Mínguez, Marina Mata, Mir, Pablo, Rezola, Elisabet Mondragon, Muñoz, Esteban, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Pastor, Pau, Errazquin, Francisco Perez, Perinán-Tocino, Teresa, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Ruz, Clara, Rodriguez, Antonio Sanchez, Sierra, María, Suarez-Sanmartin, Esther, Tabernero, Cesar, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Tejera-Parrado, Cristina, Tolosa, Eduard, Valldeoriola, Francesc, Vargas-González, Laura, Vela, Lydia, Vives, Francisco, Zimprich, Alexander, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Toft, Mathias, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Hassin-Baer, Sharon, Weale, Michael, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Smith, Colin, Guelfi, Manuel Sebastian, D'sa, Karishma, Forabosco, Paola, Botiá, Juan A., and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
Candidate gene, Protein catabolic process, Gene Expression, Genome-wide association study, Computational biology, Biology, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Databases, Genetic, Humans, Online First, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epigenetics, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic association, Original Investigation, Research, Parkinson Disease, Protein ubiquitination, Neurology (clinical), Candidate Disease Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Comments, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Key Points Question What genes and genomic processes underlie risk of sporadic Parkinson disease? Findings This genetic association study integrated Parkinson disease genome-wide association study data and brain-derived gene regulation data using various complementary bioinformatic tools and identified 11 candidate genes with evidence of disease-associated regulatory changes. Coexpression and protein level analyses of these genes demonstrated a significant functional association with known mendelian Parkinson disease genes. Meaning This study suggests that gene regulation data may be used to identify candidate genes and pathways involved in sporadic Parkinson disease., Importance Substantial genome-wide association study (GWAS) work in Parkinson disease (PD) has led to the discovery of an increasing number of loci shown reliably to be associated with increased risk of disease. Improved understanding of the underlying genes and mechanisms at these loci will be key to understanding the pathogenesis of PD. Objective To investigate what genes and genomic processes underlie the risk of sporadic PD. Design and Setting This genetic association study used the bioinformatic tools Coloc and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to integrate PD case-control GWAS data published in 2017 with expression data (from Braineac, the Genotype-Tissue Expression [GTEx], and CommonMind) and methylation data (derived from UK Parkinson brain samples) to uncover putative gene expression and splicing mechanisms associated with PD GWAS signals. Candidate genes were further characterized using cell-type specificity, weighted gene coexpression networks, and weighted protein-protein interaction networks. Main Outcomes and Measures It was hypothesized a priori that some genes underlying PD loci would alter PD risk through changes to expression, splicing, or methylation. Candidate genes are presented whose change in expression, splicing, or methylation are associated with risk of PD as well as the functional pathways and cell types in which these genes have an important role. Results Gene-level analysis of expression revealed 5 genes (WDR6 [OMIM 606031], CD38 [OMIM 107270], GPNMB [OMIM 604368], RAB29 [OMIM 603949], and TMEM163 [OMIM 618978]) that replicated using both Coloc and TWAS analyses in both the GTEx and Braineac expression data sets. A further 6 genes (ZRANB3 [OMIM 615655], PCGF3 [OMIM 617543], NEK1 [OMIM 604588], NUPL2 [NCBI 11097], GALC [OMIM 606890], and CTSB [OMIM 116810]) showed evidence of disease-associated splicing effects. Cell-type specificity analysis revealed that gene expression was overall more prevalent in glial cell types compared with neurons. The weighted gene coexpression performed on the GTEx data set showed that NUPL2 is a key gene in 3 modules implicated in catabolic processes associated with protein ubiquitination and in the ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process in the nucleus accumbens, caudate, and putamen. TMEM163 and ZRANB3 were both important in modules in the frontal cortex and caudate, respectively, indicating regulation of signaling and cell communication. Protein interactor analysis and simulations using random networks demonstrated that the candidate genes interact significantly more with known mendelian PD and parkinsonism proteins than would be expected by chance. Conclusions and Relevance Together, these results suggest that several candidate genes and pathways are associated with the findings observed in PD GWAS studies., This genetic association study investigates what genes and genomic processes underlie the risk of sporadic Parkinson disease.

Published
2021

3. Investigation of Autosomal Genetic Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease

Author

Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Iwaki, Hirotaka, Gibbs, Jesse R, Bras, Jose, Guerreiro, Rita, Lubbe, Steven, Troycoco, Timothy, Finkbeiner, Steven, Mencacci, Niccolo E, Lungu, Codrin, Singleton, Andrew B, Scholz, Sonja W, Reed, Xylena, Hernandez, Dena Michelle Godwin, Uitti, Ryan J, Ross, Owen A, Grenn, Francis P, Moore, Anni, Alcalay, Roy N, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Gan-Or, Ziv, Rouleau, Guy A, Krohn, Lynne, Mufti, Kheireddin, Ruskey, Jennifer A, van Hilten, Jacobus J, Marinus, Johan, Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid D, Aguilar, Miquel, Alvarez, Ignacio, Alvarez, Victoria, Barrero, Francisco Javier, Yarza, Jesús Alberto Bergareche, Bernal-Bernal, Inmaculada, Blazquez, Marta, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Bonilla-Toribio, Marta, Botía, Juan A, Boungiorno, María Teresa, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Cámara, Ana, Carrillo, Fátima, Carrión-Claro, Mario, Cerdan, Debora, Clarimón, Jordi, Compta, Yaroslau, Toft, Mathias, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Dols-Icardo, Oriol, Duarte, Jacinto, Duran, Raquel, Escamilla-Sevilla, Francisco, Ezquerra, Mario, Feliz, Cici, Fernández, Manel, Fernández-Santiago, Rubén, Garcia, Ciara, García-Ruiz, Pedro, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Heredia, Maria Jose Gomez, Gonzalez-Aramburu, Isabel, Pagola, Ana Gorostidi, Hoenicka, Janet, Infante, Jon, Jesús, Silvia, Jimenez-Escrig, Adriano, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel A, Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis, de Munain Arregui, Adolfo López, Macias, Daniel, Torres, Irene Martínez, Marín, Juan, Marti, Maria Jose, Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos, Méndez-Del-Barrio, Carlota, González, Manuel Menéndez, Schulte, Claudia, Mata, Marina, Mínguez, Adolfo, Mir, Pablo, Rezola, Elisabet Mondragon, Muñoz, Esteban, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Pastor, Pau, Errazquin, Francisco Perez, Periñán-Tocino, Teresa, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Brockmann, Kathrin, Ruz, Clara, Rodriguez, Antonio Sanchez, Sierra, María, Suarez-Sanmartin, Esther, Tabernero, Cesar, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Tejera-Parrado, Cristina, Tolosa, Eduard, Valldeoriola, Francesc, Vargas-González, Laura, Sharma, Manu, Vela, Lydia, Vives, Francisco, Zimprich, Alexander, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Taba, Pille, Koks, Sulev, Hassin-Baer, Sharon, Majamaa, Kari, Siitonen, Ari, Makarious, Mary B, Tienari, Pentti, Okubadejo, Njideka U, Ojo, Oluwadamilola O, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Shashkin, Chingiz, Zharkinbekova, Nazira, Akhmetzhanov, Vadim, Kaishybayeva, Gulnaz, Karimova, Altynay, Khaibullin, Talgat, Lynch, Timothy L, Eerola-Rautio, Johanna, Tienari, Pentti J, Grosset, Donald G, Lesage, Suzanne, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Brice, Alexis, Wood, Nick, Hardy, John, Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Heutink, Peter, Gasser, Thomas, Morris, Huw R, Noyce, Alastair J, Nalls, Mike A, Consortium, and the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics, Leonard, Hampton L, Middlehurst, Ben, Kia, Demis A, Tan, Manuela, Houlden, Henry, Storm, Catherine S, Plun-Favreau, Helene, Holmans, Peter, Trabzuni, Daniah, Quinn, John, Bubb, Vivien, Mok, Kin Y, Kinghorn, Kerri J, Wood, Nicholas W, Lewis, Patrick, Schreglmann, Sebastian R, Lovering, Ruth, R'Bibo, Lea, Manzoni, Claudia, Lake, Julie, Rizig, Mie, Ryten, Mina, Guelfi, Sebastian, Escott-Price, Valentina, Chelban, Viorica, Foltynie, Thomas, Williams, Nigel, Morrison, Karen E, Clarke, Carl, Harvey, Kirsten, Jacobs, Benjamin M, Danjou, Fabrice, Martinez, Maria, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Rizzu, Patrizia, Schneider, Susanne A, Cookson, Mark R, Craig, David W, Billingsley, Kimberley, Kim, Jonggeol J, Narendra, Derek P, Faghri, Faraz, Gibbs, J Raphael, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Shulman, Joshua M, Robak, Laurie, Universidad de Cantabria, HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Research Programs Unit, and Eija Pirinen / Principal Investigator

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Genotype, EFFICIENT, Physiology, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Biology, Genetic correlation, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Genetic variation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Parkinson Disease/genetics, METAANALYSIS, Research Articles, Genetic association, Aged, RISK, Sex Characteristics, Autosome, 3112 Neurosciences, Parkinson Disease, Heritability, Middle Aged, Genetic architecture, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Female, GENDER, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Methods: In an effort to study sex-specific genetic factors associated with PD, we explored 2 large genetic datasets from the International Parkinson?s Disease Genomics Consortium and the UK Biobank consisting of 13,020male PD cases, 7,936 paternal proxy cases, 89,660 male controls, 7,947 female PD cases, 5,473 maternal proxy cases, and 90,662 female controls. We performed GWASmeta-analyses to identify distinct patterns of genetic risk contributing to disease inmale versus female PD cases. Results: In total, 19 genomewide significant regions were identified and no sex-specific effects were observed. A high genetic correlation between the male and female PD GWAS were identified (rg = 0.877) and heritability estimates were identical between male and female PD cases (~ 20%). Interpretation: We did not detect any significant genetic differences between male or female PD cases. Our study does not support the notion that common genetic variation on the autosomes could explain the difference in prevalence of PD between males and females cases at least when considering the current sample size under study. Further studies are warranted to investigate the genetic architecture of PD explained by X and Y chromosomes and further evaluate environmental effects that could potentially contribute to PD etiology in male versus female patients. FUNDING: This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences both part of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; Project numbers 1ZIA-NS003154, Z01-AG000949-02, and Z01-ES101986. In addition, this work was supported by the Department of Defense (award W81XWH-09-2-0128), and The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS037167, R01CA141668, and P50NS071674, American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA); Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation; Greater St Louis Chapter of the APDA. The KORA (Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) research platform was started and financed by the Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology and by the State of Bavaria. This study was also funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the funding code 031A430A, the EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Diseases Research (JPND) project under the aegis of JPND -www.jpnd.eu – through Germany, BMBF, funding code 01ED1406 and iMed – the Helmholtz Initiative on Personalized Medicine. This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (http://biowulf.nih.gov), and DNA panels, samples, and clinical data from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Human Genetics Resource Center DNA and Cell Line Repository. People who contributed samples are acknowledged in descriptions of every panel on the repository website. We thank P. Tienari (Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki), T. Peuralinna (Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital), L. Myllykangas (Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki), and R. Sulkava (Department of Public Health and General Practice Division of Geriatrics, University of Eastern Finland) for the Finnish controls (Vantaa85+ GWAS data). This study was also funded by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation (KM). We used genomewide association data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case–Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2) from UK patients with Parkinson’s disease and UK control individuals from the 1958 Birth Cohort and National Blood Service. UK population control data was made available through WTCCC1. As with previous IPDGC efforts, this study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under awards 076113, 085475, and 090355. This study was also supported by Parkinson’s UK (grants 8047 and J-0804) and the Medical Research Council (G0700943 and G1100643). Sequencing and genotyping done in McGill University was supported by grants from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA), the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF), awarded to McGill University for the Healthy Brains for Healthy Lives (HBHL) program and Parkinson’s Society Canada. The access to part of the participants at McGill has been made possible thanks to the Quebec Parkinson’s Network (http://rpq-qpn.ca/en). We thank the Quebec Parkinson’s Network (http://rpq-qpn.org) and its members. Harvard NeuroDiscovery Biomarker Study (HBS) is a collaboration of HBS investigators and funded through philanthropy and NIH and Non-NIH funding sources. The HBS Investigators have not participated in reviewing the data analysis or content of the manuscript. PPMI – a public-private partnership – is funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners, the full names of all of the PPMI funding partners can be found at www.ppmi-info.org/ fundingpartners. The PPMI Investigators have not participated in reviewing the data analysis or content of the manuscript. For up-to-date information on the study, visit www.ppmi-info.org. Parkinson’s Disease Biomarker Program (PDBP) consortium is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health. A full list of PDBP investigators can be found at https://pdbp.ninds.nih.gov/ policy. The PDBP Investigators have not participated in reviewing the data analysis or content of the manuscript

Published
2021

4. Identification of sixteen novel candidate genes for late onset Parkinson's disease

Author

Gialluisi, Alessandro, Reccia, Mafalda Giovanna, Modugno, Nicola, Nutile, Teresa, Lombardi, Alessia, Di Giovannantonio, Luca Giovanni, Pietracupa, Sara, Ruggiero, Daniela, Scala, Simona, Gambardella, Stefano, Noyce, Alastair J., Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Middlehurst, Ben, Kia, Demis A., Tan, Manuela, Houlden, Henry, Morris, Huw R., Plun-Favreau, Helen, Holmans, Peter, Hardy, John, Trabzuni, Daniah, Quinn, John, Bubb, Vivien, Mok, Kin Y., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Billingsley, Kimberley, Wood, Nicholas W., Lewis, Patrick, Schreglmann, Sebastian, Lovering, Rruth, R'Bibo, Lea, Manzoni, Claudia, Rizig, Mie, Ryten, Mina, Guelfi, Sebastian, Escott-Price, Valentina, Chelban, Viorica, Foltynie, Thomas, Williams, Nigel, Morrison, Karen E., Clarke, Carl, Brice, Alexis, Danjou, Fabrice, Lesage, Suzanne, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Martinez, Maria, Schulte, Claudia, Brockmann, Kathrin, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Heutink, Peter, Rizzu, Patrizia, Sharma, Manu, Gasser, Thomas, Cookson, Mark R., Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Craig, David W., Narendra, Derek, Faghri, Faraz, Gibbs, J.Raphael, Hernandez, Dena G., Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Shulman, Joshua M., Iwaki, Hirotaka, Leonard, Hampton L., Nalls, Mike A., Robak, Laurie, Bras, Jose, Guerreiro, Rita, Lubbe, Steven, Finkbeiner, Steven, Mencacci, Niccolo E., Lungu, Codrin, Singleton, Andrew B., Scholz, Sonja W., Reed, Xylena, Alcalay, Roy N., Gan-Or, Zin, Rouleau, Guy A., Krohn, Lynne, van Hilten, Jacobus J., Marinus, Johan, Adarmes-Gómez, A.D, Aguilar Barberà, Miquel, Alvarez, Ignacio, Alvarez, Victoria, Barrero, Francisco Javier, Bergareche Yarza, Jesús Alberto, Bernal-Bernal, Inmaculada, Blazquez, Marta, Bonilla-Toribio, Marta, Botía, Juan A., Boungiorno, María Teresa, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Carrillo, Fátima, Carrión-Claro, M, Cerdan, Debora, Clarimón, Jordi, Compta, Yaroslau, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Dols Icardo, Oriol, Duarte, Jacinto, Duran, Raquel, Escamilla Sevilla, Francisco, Ezquerra, Mario, Feliz, Cici, Fernández, Manel, Fernández-Santiago, Rubén, Garcia, Ciara, García-Ruiz, Pedro, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Gomez Heredia, Maria Jose, Gonzalez-Aramburu, Isabel, Gorostidi Pagola, Ana, Hoenicka, Janet, Infante, Jon, Jesús, Silvia, Jimenez-Escrig, Adriano, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel A., Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis, López de Munain Arregui, Adolfo, Macias, Daniel, Martínez Torres, Irene, Marín, Juan, Marti, Maria Jose, Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos, Méndez-del-Barrio, Carlota, Menéndez González, Manuel, Mata, Marina, Mínguez, Adolfo, Mir, Pablo, Mondragon Rezola, Elisabet, Muñoz, Esteban, Pagonabarraga Mora, Javier, Pastor, Pau, Perez Errazquin, Francisco, Periñán-Tocino, Teresa, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Ruz, Clara, Sanchez Rodriguez, Antonio, Sierra, María, Suarez-Sanmartin, Esther, Tabernero, Cesar, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Tejera-Parrado, Cristina, Tolosa, Eduard, Valldeoriola, Francesc, Vargas-González, Laura, Vela, Lydia, Vives, Francisco, Zimprich, Alexander, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Toft, Mathias, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Hassin-Baer, Sharon, Majamaa, Kari, Siitonen, Ari, Okubadejo, Njideka U., Ojo, Oluwadamilola O., Shashkin, Chingiz, Zharkynbekova, Nazira, Akhmetzhanov, Vadim, Aitkulova, Akbota, Zholdybayeva, Elena, Zharmukhanov, Zharkyn, Kaishybayeva, Gulnaz, Karimova, Altynay, Sadykova, Dinara, Iacoviello, Licia, Gianfrancesco, F., Acampora, D., D'Esposito, M., Simeone, A., Ciullo, M., Esposito, T., and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Aging, Candidate gene, Parkinson's disease, Neurodegenerative, Bioinformatics, 0302 clinical medicine, Late onset Parkinson’s disease, Novel candidate genes for Parkinson’s disease, Rare variant burden analysis, Whole exome sequencing, Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Pedigree, Whole Exome Sequencing, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Novel candidate genes for Parkinson's disease, Aetiology, Exome, Exome sequencing, screening and diagnosis, education.field_of_study, Parkinson's Disease, LRRK2, International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium, Detection, Neurological, Late onset Parkinson's disease, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Research Article, Clinical Sciences, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Clinical Research, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, RC346-429, education, Molecular Biology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, business.industry, Genetic heterogeneity, Prevention, RC952-954.6, Neurosciences, PARK7, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Geriatrics, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting 1–5% of the general population for which neither effective cure nor early diagnostic tools are available that could tackle the pathology in the early phase. Here we report a multi-stage procedure to identify candidate genes likely involved in the etiopathogenesis of PD. Methods The study includes a discovery stage based on the analysis of whole exome data from 26 dominant late onset PD families, a validation analysis performed on 1542 independent PD patients and 706 controls from different cohorts and the assessment of polygenic variants load in the Italian cohort (394 unrelated patients and 203 controls). Results Family-based approach identified 28 disrupting variants in 26 candidate genes for PD including PARK2, PINK1, DJ-1(PARK7), LRRK2, HTRA2, FBXO7, EIF4G1, DNAJC6, DNAJC13, SNCAIP, AIMP2, CHMP1A, GIPC1, HMOX2, HSPA8, IMMT, KIF21B, KIF24, MAN2C1, RHOT2, SLC25A39, SPTBN1, TMEM175, TOMM22, TVP23A and ZSCAN21. Sixteen of them have not been associated to PD before, were expressed in mesencephalon and were involved in pathways potentially deregulated in PD. Mutation analysis in independent cohorts disclosed a significant excess of highly deleterious variants in cases (p = 0.0001), supporting their role in PD. Moreover, we demonstrated that the co-inheritance of multiple rare variants (≥ 2) in the 26 genes may predict PD occurrence in about 20% of patients, both familial and sporadic cases, with high specificity (> 93%; p = 4.4 × 10− 5). Moreover, our data highlight the fact that the genetic landmarks of late onset PD does not systematically differ between sporadic and familial forms, especially in the case of small nuclear families and underline the importance of rare variants in the genetics of sporadic PD. Furthermore, patients carrying multiple rare variants showed higher risk of manifesting dyskinesia induced by levodopa treatment. Conclusions Besides confirming the extreme genetic heterogeneity of PD, these data provide novel insights into the genetic of the disease and may be relevant for its prediction, diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2021

5. Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

Author

Santos-García, Diego, Deus, Teresa de, Cores, Carlos, Canfield, Hector, González, Jose Paz, Miró, Cristina Martínez, Aymerich, Lorena Valdés, Suárez, Ester, Jesús, Silvia, Aguilar, Miquel, Pastor, Pau, Planellas, Lluis, Cosgaya, Marina, Caldentey, Juan García, Caballol, Nuria, Legarda, Ines, Hernández-Vara, Jorge, Cabo, Iria, Manzanares, Lydia López, Aramburu, Isabel González, Rivera, Maria Ávila, Catalán, Maria, Nogueira, Victor, Puente, Victor, Dotor, Julio, Borrué, Carmen, Solano, Berta, Sauco, Maria Álvarez, Vela, Lydia, Escalante, Sonia, Cubo, Esther, Carrillo, Francisco, Castrillo, Juan Martínez, Alonso, Pilar Sánchez, Alonso, Gemma, Ariztegui, Nuria López, Gastón, Itziar, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Blázquez, Marta, Seijo, Manuel, Martínez, Javier Rúiz, Valero, Caridad, Kurtis, Monica, Fábregues, Oriol de, Ardura, Jessica, Alonso, Ruben, Ordás, Carlos, Díaz, Luis López, McAfee, Darrian, Martinez-Martin, Pablo, Mir, Pablo, Group, COPPADIS Study, Curemos el Párkinson, Institut Català de la Salut, [Santos García D, Cores C, Paz González JM, Martínez Miró C] CHUAC, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. [de Deus T, Canfield H] CHUF, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain. [Hernández-Vara J, de Fábregues O] Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
Quality of life, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, mood, Otros calificadores::/diagnóstico [Otros calificadores], Medicine (miscellaneous), Non-motor symptoms, Disease, Símptomes, Article, Parkinson, Malaltia de - Diagnòstic, 03 medical and health sciences, Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms [DISEASES], 0302 clinical medicine, enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades del sistema nervioso central::enfermedades cerebrales::enfermedades de los ganglios basales::trastornos parkinsonianos::enfermedad de Parkinson [ENFERMEDADES], Malaltia de Parkinson, Internal medicine, Mood, Linear regression, Other subheadings::/diagnosis [Other subheadings], medicine, afecciones patológicas, signos y síntomas::signos y síntomas [ENFERMEDADES], ambiente y salud pública::salud pública::medidas epidemiológicas::demografía::estado de salud::calidad de vida [ATENCIÓN DE SALUD], Progression, business.industry, Neuropsychiatric inventory, medicine.disease, non-motor symptoms, Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Health Status::Quality of Life [HEALTH CARE], 030104 developmental biology, quality of life, Qualitat de vida, Cohort, Parkinson’s disease, Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Basal Ganglia Diseases::Parkinsonian Disorders::Parkinson Disease [DISEASES], Medicine, Non motor, progression, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. Material and Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). Results: After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28, p &lt, 0.0001, N = 501, 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82, p = 0.428, N = 122, 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p &lt, 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41, Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). Conclusions: Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.

Published
2021

6. The Genetic Architecture of Parkinson Disease in Spain: Characterizing Population-Specific Risk, Differential Haplotype Structures, and Providing Etiologic Insight

Author

Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Ahmed, Sarah, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Kia, Demis A, Tan, Manuela, Houlden, Henry, Morris, Huw R, Plun-Favreau, Helene, Holmans, Peter, Hardy, John, Trabzuni, Daniah, Bras, Jose, PhD, John Quinn, Jesús, Silvia, Mok, Kin Y, Kinghorn, Kerri J, Billingsley, Kimberley, Wood, Nicholas W, Lewis, Patrick, Schreglmann, Sebastian, Guerreiro, Rita, Lovering, Ruth, R'Bibo, Lea, Manzoni, Claudia, Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel A, Rizig, Mie, Ryten, Mina, Guelfi, Sebastian, Escott-Price, Valentina, Chelban, Viorica, Foltynie, Thomas, Williams, Nigel, Morrison, Karen E, Brice, Alexis, Danjou, Fabrice, Macias, Daniel, Lesage, Suzanne, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Martinez, Maria, Schulte, Claudia, Brockmann, Kathrin, Simón-Sánchez, Javier, Heutink, Peter, Rizzu, Patrizia, Sharma, Manu, Gasser, Thomas, Méndez-Del-Barrio, Carlota, Nicolas, Aude, Cookson, Mark R, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Craig, David W, Faghri, Faraz, Gibbs, J Raphael, Hernandez, Dena G, Keuren-Jensen, Kendall Van, Shulman, Joshua M, Periñán-Tocino, Teresa, Iwaki, Hirotaka, Leonard, Hampton L, Nalls, Mike A, Robak, Laurie, Lubbe, Steven, Finkbeiner, Steven, Mencacci, Niccolo E, Lungu, Codrin, Singleton, Andrew B, Scholz, Sonja W, Tejera-Parrado, Cristina, Reed, Xylena, Alcalay, Roy N, Gan-Or, Ziv, Rouleau, Guy A, Krohn, Lynne, van Hilten, Jacobus J, Marinus, Johan, Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid D, Aguilar, Miquel, Alvarez, Ignacio, Vargas-González, Laura, Alvarez, Victoria, Barrero, Francisco Javier, Yarza, Jesús Alberto Bergareche, Bernal-Bernal, Inmaculada, Blazquez, Marta, Bonilla-Toribio, Marta, Botía, Juan A, Boungiorno, María Teresa, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Cámara, Ana, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Carrillo, Fátima, Carrión-Claro, Mario, Cerdan, Debora, Clarimón, Jordi, Compta, Yaroslau, de la Casa, Beatríz, Dols-Icardo, Oriol, Duarte, Jacinto, Duran, Raquel, Escamilla-Sevilla, Francisco, Ezquerra, Mario, Feliz, Cici, Fernández, Manel, Fernández-Santiago, Rubé, Garcia, Ciara, García-Ruiz, Pedro, Heredia, Maria Jose Gomez, Gonzalez-Aramburu, Isabel, Sabir, Marya S, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Pagola, Ana Gorostidi, Hoenicka, Janet, Infante, Jon, Jimenez-Escrig, Adriano, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis, Arregui, Adolfo López de Munain, Buongiorno, Mariateresa, Torres, Irene Martínez, Marín, Juan, Marti, Maria Jose, Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos, González, Manuel Menéndez, Mata, Marina, Mínguez, Adolfo, Mir, Pablo, Rezola, Elisabet Mondragon, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Pascual-Sedano, Berta, Pastor, Pau, Errazquin, Francisco Perez, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Ruz, Clara, Rodriguez, Antonio Sanchez, Sierra, María, Suarez-Sanmartin, Esther, Gorostidi, Ana, Tabernero, Cesar, Tolosa, Eduard, Valldeoriola, Francesc, Vela, Lydia, Vives, Francisco, Zimprich, Alexander, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Bergareche, Jesús Alberto, Toft, Mathias, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Hassin-Baer, Sharon, Dalgard, Clifton L, Adeleye, Adelani, Soltis, Anthony R, Alba, Camille, Viollet, Coralie, Bacikova, Dagmar, Mondragon, Elisabet, Hupalo, Daniel N, Sukumar, Gauthaman, Pollard, Harvey B, Wilkerson, Matthew D, Martinez, Elisa McGrath, Vinagre-Aragon, Ana, Croitoru, Ioana, Marín-Lahoz, Juan, Fernández-Santiago, Rubén, Muñoz, Esteban, Sanchez Rodriguez, Antonio, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Suarez-San Martin, Esther, Vela-Desojo, Lydia, Mínguez-Castellanos, Adolfo, Gomez Heredia, Maria Jose, Perez Errazquin, Francisco, Romero-Acebal, Manolo, Martínez Torres, Irene, Kim, Jonggeol Jeffrey, Center, American Genome, Brooks, Janet, Saez-Atienzar, Sara, Jorda, Rafael, Botia, Juan A, Bonet-Ponce, Luis, Clarke, Carl, Morris, Huw, Edsall, Connor, Hernandez, Dena, Simon Sanchez, Javier, Marti, Maria José, López de Munain, Adolfo, Singleton, Andrew, Consortium, International Parkinson Disease Genomics, Noyce, Alastair J, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Middlehurst, Ben, National Institutes of Health (US), Department of Defense (US), Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, and Universidad de Sevilla

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Parkinson's disease, age at onset, Machine Learning, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Population specific, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Age of Onset, genetics [Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases], Aged, 80 and over, Age at onset, Chromosome Mapping, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Spanish population, humanities, Neurology, Christian ministry, Female, Adult, Genotype, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Article, risk haplotype, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk score risk haplotype, Political science, polygenic risk score, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Risk haplotype, Parkinson's disease, Spanish population, age at onset, polygenic risk score, risk haplotype, Aged, DNA Methylation, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Spain, Case-Control Studies, Polygenic risk score, Neurology (clinical), Polygenic, Humanities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background: The Iberian Peninsula stands out as having variable levels of population admixture and isolation, making Spain an interesting setting for studying the genetic architecture of neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives: To perform the largest PD genome-wide association study restricted to a single country. Methods: We performed a GWAS for both risk of PD and age at onset in 7,849 Spanish individuals. Further analyses included population-specific risk haplotype assessments, polygenic risk scoring through machine learning, Mendelian randomization of expression, and methylation data to gain insight into disease-associated loci, heritability estimates, genetic correlations, and burden analyses. Results: We identified a novel population-specific genome-wide association study signal at PARK2 associated with age at onset, which was likely dependent on the c.155delA mutation. We replicated four genome-wide independent signals associated with PD risk, including SNCA, LRRK2, KANSL1/MAPT, and HLA-DQB1. A significant trend for smaller risk haplotypes at known loci was found compared to similar studies of non-Spanish origin. Seventeen PD-related genes showed functional consequence by two-sample Mendelian randomization in expression and methylation data sets. Long runs of homozygosity at 28 known genes/loci were found to be enriched in cases versus controls. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the utility of the Spanish risk haplotype substructure for future fine-mapping efforts, showing how leveraging unique and diverse population histories can benefit genetic studies of complex diseases. The present study points to PARK2 as a major hallmark of PD etiology in Spain., This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; project numbers: 1ZIA‐NS003154‐03, Z01‐AG000949‐02, and Z01‐ES101986). In addition, this work was supported by the Department of Defense (award W81XWH‐09‐2‐0128), The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and the ISCIII Grants PI 15/0878 (Fondos Feder) to V.A. and PI 15/01013 to J,H. This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, [SAF2006‐10126 (2006‐2009), SAF2010‐22329‐C02‐01 (2010‐2012), and SAF2013‐47939‐R (2013‐2018)]), co‐founded by ISCIII (Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía (CVI‐02526, CTS‐7685), the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía (PI‐0437‐2012, PI‐0471‐2013), the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, and the Fundación Mutua Madrileña. Pilar Gómez‐Garre was supported by the “Miguel Servet” (from ISCIII16 FEDER) and “Nicolás Monardes” (from Andalusian Ministry of Health) programmes. Silvia Jesús Maestre was supported by the “Juan Rodés” programme, and Daniel Macías‐García was supported by the “Río Hortega” programme (both from ISCIII‐FEDER). Cristina Tejera Parrado was supported by VPPI‐US from the Universidad de Sevilla. This research has been conducted using samples from the HUVR‐IBiS Biobank (Andalusian Public Health System Biobank and ISCIII‐Red de Biobancos PT13/0010/0056). This work was also supported by the grant PSI2014‐57643 from the Junta de Andalucía to the CTS‐438 group and a research award from the Andalusian Society of Neurology.

Published
2019

7. Moving beyond neurons: the role of cell type-specific gene regulation in Parkinson's disease heritability

Author

Reynolds, Regina H, Botía, Juan, Gibbs, J Raphael, Duarte, Jacinto, Clarimón, Jordi, Dols-Icardo, Oriol, Infante, Jon, Marín, Juan, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Gonzalez-Aramburu, Isabel, Rodriguez, Antonio Sanchez, Sierra, María, Hernandez, Dena G, Duran, Raquel, Ruz, Clara, Vives, Francisco, Escamilla-Sevilla, Francisco, Mínguez, Adolfo, Cámara, Ana, Compta, Yaroslau, Ezquerra, Mario, Marti, Maria Jose, Fernández, Manel, Singleton, Andrew B, Muñoz, Esteban, Fernández-Santiago, Rubén, Tolosa, Eduard, Valldeoriola, Francesc, García-Ruiz, Pedro, Heredia, Maria Jose Gomez, Errazquin, Francisco Perez, Hoenicka, Janet, Jimenez-Escrig, Adriano, Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos, Reed, Xylena, Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis, Torres, Irene Martínez, Tabernero, Cesar, Vela, Lydia, Zimprich, Alexander, Pihlstrom, Lasse, Koks, Sulev, Taba, Pille, Majamaa, Kari, Siitonen, Ari, Leonard, Hampton, Okubadejo, Njideka U, Ojo, Oluwadamilola O, Pitcher, Toni, Anderson, Tim, Bentley, Steven, Fowdar, Javed, Mellick, George, Dalrymple-Alford, John, Henders, Anjali K, Kassam, Irfahan, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Montgomery, Grant, Sidorenko, Julia, Zhang, Futao, Xue, Angli, Vallerga, Costanza L, Wallace, Leanne, Wray, Naomi R, Yang, Jian, Visscher, Peter M, Gratten, Jacob, Faghri, Faraz, Silburn, Peter A, Halliday, Glenda, Hickie, Ian, Kwok, John, Lewis, Simon, Kennedy, Martin, Pearson, John, Bras, Jose, Guerreiro, Rita, Tucci, Arianna, Nalls, Mike A, Kia, Demis A, Houlden, Henry, Plun-Favreau, Helene, Mok, Kin Y, Wood, Nicholas W, Lovering, Ruth, R'Bibo, Lea, Rizig, Mie, Chelban, Viorica, Trabzuni, Daniah, Hardy, John, Tan, Manuela, Morris, Huw R, Middlehurst, Ben, Quinn, John, Billingsley, Kimberley, Holmans, Peter, Kinghorn, Kerri J, Lewis, Patrick, Escott-Price, Valentina, Williams, Nigel, Gagliano Taliun, Sarah A, Foltynie, Thomas, Brice, Alexis, Danjou, Fabrice, Lesage, Suzanne, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Martinez, Maria, Giri, Anamika, Schulte, Claudia, Brockmann, Kathrin, Simon Sanchez, Javier, Ryten, Mina, Heutink, Peter, Gasser, Thomas, Rizzu, Patrizia, Sharma, Manu, Shulman, Joshua M, Robak, Laurie, Lubbe, Steven, Mencacci, Niccolo E, Finkbeiner, Steven, Lungu, Codrin, Noyce, Alastair J, Scholz, Sonja W, Gan-Or, Ziv, Rouleau, Guy A, Krohan, Lynne, van Hilten, Jacobus J, Marinus, Johan, Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid D, Bernal-Bernal, Inmaculada, Bonilla-Toribio, Marta, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Nicolas, Aude, Carrillo, Fátima, Carrión-Claro, Mario, Mir, Pablo, Gómez-Garre, Pilar, Jesús, Silvia, Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel A, Macias, Daniel, Vargas-González, Laura, Méndez-Del-Barrio, Carlota, Periñán-Tocino, Teresa, Cookson, Mark R, Tejera-Parrado, Cristina, Diez-Fairen, Monica, Aguilar, Miquel, Alvarez, Ignacio, Boungiorno, María Teresa, Carcel, Maria, Pastor, Pau, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Alvarez, Victoria, González, Manuel Menéndez, Bandres-Ciga, Sara, Blazquez, Marta, Garcia, Ciara, Suarez-Sanmartin, Esther, Barrero, Francisco Javier, Rezola, Elisabet Mondragon, Yarza, Jesús Alberto Bergareche, Pagola, Ana Gorostidi, de Munain Arregui, Adolfo López, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, and Cerdan, Debora

Subjects
Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Cell type, Parkinson's disease, Microglia, Dopaminergic, Genomics, Disease, Biology, medicine.disease, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, ddc:610, Neuroscience, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD), with its characteristic loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and deposition of α-synuclein in neurons, is often considered a neuronal disorder. However, in recent years substantial evidence has emerged to implicate glial cell types, such as astrocytes and microglia. In this study, we used stratified LD score regression and expression-weighted cell-type enrichment together with several brain-related and cell-type-specific genomic annotations to connect human genomic PD findings to specific brain cell types. We found that PD heritability attributable to common variation does not enrich in global and regional brain annotations or brain-related cell-type-specific annotations. Likewise, we found no enrichment of PD susceptibility genes in brain-related cell types. In contrast, we demonstrated a significant enrichment of PD heritability in a curated lysosomal gene set highly expressed in astrocytic, microglial, and oligodendrocyte subtypes, and in LoF-intolerant genes, which were found highly expressed in almost all tested cellular subtypes. Our results suggest that PD risk loci do not lie in specific cell types or individual brain regions, but rather in global cellular processes detectable across several cell types.

Published
2019

8. COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015), a global -clinical evaluations, serum biomarkers, genetic studies and neuroimaging- prospective, multicenter, non-interventional, long-term study on Parkinson's disease progression

Author

Maria De Toledo, Irene Martinez-Torres, Isabel Gonzalez-Aramburu, Carmen Borrue fernandez, Pau Pastor, Iria Cabo López, Nuria Caballol, Barandiaran Amillano Myriam, Sonia Escalante Arroyo, Juan Carlos Martinez Castrillo, Berta María Pascual Sedano, Cristiano Termine, Pilar Sanchez, JORGE HERNANDEZ-VARA, Lydia Lopez Manzanares, Diego Santos García, Emilio Fernández Espejo, Nuria López-Ariztegui, Jon Infante, Juan Carlos Gomez-Esteban, Silvia Reverté Villarroya, Maria Angeles Acera Gil, Silvia Marti Martinez, Jaime Kulisevsky, Manuel Menéndez González, Carlos Manuel Ordás Bandera, Monica Kurtis, Oriol De Fabregues, SILVIA JESUS MAESTRE, Lydia Vela-Desojo, Ipsen, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Fundació La Marató de TV3, AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Junta de Andalucía, Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Diputación Foral de Guipúzcoa, [Santos-Garcia, Diego] Hosp Arquitecto Marcide, Complejo Hosp Univ Ferrol CHUF, Secc Neurol, C Ave Residencia S-N, Ferrol 15405, A Coruna, Spain, [Mir, Pablo] Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Serv Neurol, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Barcelona, Spain, [Mir, Pablo] Hosp Infanta Sofia, Serv Neurol, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Madrid, Spain, [Martinez-Martin, Pablo] Hosp Infanta Sofia, Serv Neurol, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Madrid, Spain, [Cubo, Esther] Hosp Univ Mutua Terrasa, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Barcelona, Spain, [Vela, Lydia] Hosp Cruces, Unidad Neurol Func & Enfermedad Parkinson, Bilbao, Spain, [Cruz Rodriguez-Oroz, Mari] Hosp Infanta Luisa, Unidad Neurol, Seville, Spain, [Jose Marti, Maria] Complejo Hosp Pontevedra CHOP, Serv Neurol, Pontevedra, Spain, [Matias Arbelo, Jose] Hosp del Mar, Serv Neurol, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Barcelona, Spain, [Infante, Jon] Hosp Univ Son Espases, Serv Neurol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain, [Kulisevsky, Jaime] Hosp Univ Canarias, Serv Neurol, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain, [Martinez-Martin, Pablo] Hosp La Princesa, Serv Neurol, Unidad Trastornos Movimiento, Madrid, Spain, ABBVIE, ACEBRE, ALTER, ASOCIACION PARKINSON ARAGON, ASOCIACION PARKINSON PALENCIA, ASOCIACION PARKINSON VALENCIA, AYUNTAMIENTO DE A CORUNA, CLIMANOSA, CONSTRUDECO NORTE, FEDERACION GALLEGA ATLETISMO, ESTEVE, LUNDBECK, QUALIGEN, UCB PHARMA, VALENCIA CONCIERGE, VIAJES GALITUR, ZAMBON, Universidad de Cantabria, The project funding is both public and private. There will be an ambitious campaign (COPPADIS Social Project, AbbVie, Acebre, Alter, Asociación parkinson Aragón, Asociación parkinson Palencia, Asociación parkinson Valencia, Ayuntamiento de A Coruña (España), Climanosa, Construdeco norte, Federación gallega atletismo, Esteve (España), Lundbeck Foundation, Qualigen, Generalitat Valenciana (España), and Viajes galitur

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Parkinson's disease, Nonmotor symptoms, humanos, Disease, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, estudios prospectivos, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education.field_of_study, Progression, neuroimágenes, Parkinson Disease, Population-based cohort, Rating-scale, General Medicine, Caregiver burden, Risk-factors, Caregivers, Cohort, Disease Progression, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Clinical Neurology, Neuroimaging, Non-motor symptoms, Burden, 03 medical and health sciences, Magnetic resonance imaging, progresión de la enfermedad, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, education, Genetic studies, enfermedad de Parkinson, business.industry, Natural-history, Mild cognitive impairment, medicine.disease, Caregiver, Caregiver strain, 030104 developmental biology, Spain, calidad de vida, Parkinson’s disease, Physical therapy, Observational study, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), Quality-of-life, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract

Santos-García, Diego et al.-- COPPADIS Study Group, [Background] Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing motor and non-motor symptoms that can affect independence, social adjustment and the quality of life (QoL) of both patients and caregivers. Studies designed to find diagnostic and/or progression biomarkers of PD are needed. We describe here the study protocol of COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015), an integral PD project based on four aspects/concepts: 1) PD as a global disease (motor and non-motor symptoms); 2) QoL and caregiver issues; 3) Biomarkers; 4) Disease progression., [Methods/design] Observational, descriptive, non-interventional, 5-year follow-up, national (Spain), multicenter (45 centers from 15 autonomous communities), evaluation study. Specific goals: (1) detailed study (clinical evaluations, serum biomarkers, genetic studies and neuroimaging) of a population of PD patients from different areas of Spain, (2) comparison with a control group and (3) follow-up for 5 years. COPPADIS-2015 has been specifically designed to assess 17 proposed objectives. Study population: approximately 800 non-dementia PD patients, 600 principal caregivers and 400 control subjects. Study evaluations: (1) baseline includes motor assessment (e.g., Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III), non-motor symptoms (e.g., Non-Motor Symptoms Scale), cognition (e.g., Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale), mood and neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g., Neuropsychiatric Inventory), disability, QoL (e.g., 39-item Parkinson's disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary-Index) and caregiver status (e.g., Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory); (2) follow-up includes annual (patients) or biannual (caregivers and controls) evaluations. Serum biomarkers (S-100b protein, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, uric acid, C-reactive protein, ferritin, iron) and brain MRI (volumetry, tractography and MTAi [Medial Temporal Atrophy Index]), at baseline and at the end of follow-up, and genetic studies (DNA and RNA) at baseline will be performed in a subgroup of subjects (300 PD patients and 100 control subjects). Study periods: (1) recruitment period, from November, 2015 to February, 2017 (basal assessment); (2) follow-up period, 5 years; (3) closing date of clinical follow-up, May, 2022. Funding: Public/Private., [Discussion] COPPADIS-2015 is a challenging initiative. This project will provide important information on the natural history of PD and the value of various biomarkers., Diego Santos-García has received honoraria for educational presentations by Abbvie, UCB Pharma and Lundbeck. Pablo Mir has received honoraria for lecturing or advisory boards from AbbVie, UCB, Zambon, Allergan and Merz, and research grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España [SAF2007-60700], the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI10/01674, CP08/00174, PI13/01461], the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía [PI-0377/2007, PI-0741/2010, PI-0437-2012], the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation and the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. Esther Cubo has received travel funding from Abbvie, Allergan and UCB Pharmaceuticals, and received research support from the Movement Disorder Society, World Federation of Neurology and Junta de Castilla y León. Lydia Vela has received honoraria for educational presentations by Abbvie, UCB Pharma and Lundbeck. Maria C Rodriguez-Oroz has received payment for lectures, travel and accommodation to attend scientific meetings from UCB, Lundbeck, Abbvie and Boston Scientific. She has received grants from CIBERNED, Government of Basque Country and Guipuzcoa, Spanish Health Institute and Era-net. Maria J Marti has received speaking fees from Ipsen, Merz, Allergan and UCB Pharma and research grants from Ministery of Health and Social Services, Marató TV3, Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red and Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s research. Jose M Arbelo has received honoraria for educational presentations or clinical studies participation by Abbvie, UCB Pharma and Italfarmaco. Jon Infante has received honoraria as a speaker from UCB Pharma and traveling grants from Abbvie. Jaime Kulisevsky has received honoraria for lecturing or advisoring from Abbvie, UCB and Zambon. Pablo Martínez-Martin has received honorarium from Abbvie for a symposium and participation in the Advisory Board for an epidemiological study, Editorial Viguera for a master course, UCB for lecturing in International University Menendez Pelayo summer course.Santos-García

Published
2016

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