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Aim This study investigated the relation of serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA 19–9) levels to the clinical characteristics and chronic complications of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 371 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and 133 healthy people with consecutively matched age were compared. The 371 patients with T2DM were divided into four groups by quartiles based on their serum CA 19–9 levels, in which clinical characteristics and chronic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy, and macrovascular complications were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of DR.Results Among the 371 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM, 60 had elevated CA 19–9 levels (16.17%). The frequencies of elevated serum CA 19–9 were 24.39% (30 of 123) for females and 12.10% (30 of 248) for males, in which the values for females were higher than those for males (PConclusions Serum CA 19–9 levels were correlated with HbA1c and DR in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM. The elevated serum CA 19–9 levels, high FC-P, and FBG levels were important risk factors for DR in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM.

Studies on the development of non-dairy probiotic foods and beverages are emerging. The optimal Lactobacillus and carbon resources were screened to improve the viability of probiotics in blueberry pomace. During fermentation, the total titratable acid and the viable counts were measured and peaked at 24 h, 15.75 mM and 11.59 Log CFU mL−1 respectively. Lactic acid content increased from 2.361 mg mL−1 to 6.334 mg mL−1, while citric acid content was decreased significantly. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was improved, which may be attributed to the increase of total phenols and flavonoids up to 4629.21 μg GAE mL−1 and 404.99 μg RE mL−1. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro showed that the total polyphenols were decreased slightly, while anthocyanins were increased. We also studied the cholesterol-lowing capability of fermented BPL and found that the cholesterol-clearance rate could reach 67.17%. Moreover, through mice weight-loaded swimming experiments, we observed that the physical strength of mice fed a fermented juice for one month was significantly better than that of the control group (p