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Background Next generation of coating materials on the surface of implants is designed with a paradigm shift from an inert material to an osteoimmunomodulatory material. Regulating immune response to biomedical implants through influencing the polarization of macrophage has been proven to be an effective strategy. Methods Through anodization and hydrothermal treatment, magnesium ion incorporated TiO2 nanotube array (MgN) coating was fabricated on the surface of titanium and it is hypothesized that it has osteoimmunomodulatory properties. To verify this assumption, systematic studies were carried out by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Mg ion release behavior results showed that MgN coating was successfully fabricated on the surface of titanium using anodization and hydrothermal technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the morphology of the MgN coating on the titanium. The expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) was downregulated in MgN group compared with TiO2 nanotube (NT) and blank Ti groups, but anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10 and IL-1ra) were remarkably upregulated in the MgN group. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that MgN coating influenced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype compared with NT and blank-Ti groups, which enhanced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells rBMSCs in conditioned media (CM) generated by macrophages. Conclusion MgN coating on the titanium endowed the surface with immune-regulatory features and exerted an advantageous effect on osteogenesis, thereby providing excellent strategies for the surface modification of biomedical implants.

The present study aimed to evaluate the oral ulcer healing process treated with Marine Collagen Peptides (MCPs) from tilapia skin. Oral ulcer models were established on the tongue mucosa of C57/BL6 mice by phenol liquids. 60 mice were randomly divided into four groups: blank group, normal saline group (NS), low concentration MCPs group (LMCPs) and high concentration MCPs group (HMCPs). Each substance was respectively administered on the ulcer area once daily and continued until sacrificed (after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of ulcer establishment). In addition to clinical and macroscopic evaluation, we also performed histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results indicated that MCPs could accelerate the oral ulcer healing process effectively as a result of the high content Pro-Hyp effects. Firstly it reduced the numbers of inflammatory cells infiltration. Secondly it promoted collagenesis, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization from D5. Thirdly, it down-regulate the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the mid-late stage. In general, MCPs has great potential for developing clinical applications on oral ulcer treatments.

Titanium is a primary metallic biomaterial widely used in dental implants because of its favorable mechanical properties and osseointegration capability. Currently, increasing interests have been taken in the interaction between titanium implant surface and surrounding bone tissue, particularly in surface topographical aspect. There are currently several techniques developed to modify surface topographies in the world market of dental implant. In this review, state of titanium implant surfaces in topographical aspect is presented from relatively smooth surfaces to rougher ones with microtopographies and/or nanotopographies. Each surface is summarized with basic elaborations, preparation methods, mechanisms for cellular responses and current availabilities. It has been demonstrated that rough surfaces evolving from micro- to nano-scale, especially hierarchical micro-and nanotopographies, are favorable for faster and stronger osseointegration. Further experimental and clinical investigations will aid in the optimization of surface topography and clinical selection of suitable implants.