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174 results on '"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft"'

1. Visualizing morphological principles for efficient photocurrent generation in organic non-fullerene acceptor blends

Author: Christine Videlot-Ackermann, Jörg Ackermann, Jochen Kammerer, Uli Würfel, Martin Pfannmöller, Jean-Jacques Simon, Rasmus R. Schröder, Pavlo Perkhun, Olivier Margeat, Riva Alkarsifi, Wolfgang Köntges, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, OPTO-PV, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Fullerene, Organic solar cell, Annealing (metallurgy), Nucleation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Molecule, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photocurrent, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Chemical physics, Photovoltaik, organische Solarzelle, Charge carrier, Neuartige Photovoltaik-Technologien, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The efficiency of organic solar cells with donor polymers and non-fullerene acceptors depends on a complex morphology. Similar chemical and electronic structures impede generating in-depth insights in morphological details. We visualise molecular arrangements and the nanomorphology in PBDB-T:ITIC blends by correlating transmission electron micrographs and material distribution maps. Material phases are identified by machine learning on hyperspectral data from electron spectroscopic imaging. We observe a specific polymorph of ITIC after thermal annealing. During annealing, enhanced by the presence of additives, PBDB-T acts as nucleation site for ITIC due to strong p-p-interactions of the electron withdrawing groups of both molecules. This leads to efficient charge transport paths in ITIC phases with direct p-p-contact to PBDB-T at the interface. We conclude that p-p-stacking between donor and acceptor molecules facilitates charge carrier generation within mixed interface regions. Broader context A crucial step for the advancement of organic solar cells was made by introducing novel, versatile non-fullerene molecules. These materials still provide specific advantages, such as solution processing, or strongly reduced toxicity in processing and use. However, the nanoscale structural landscape that determines performance and understanding of photophysics is still not fully known. Elucidating this relation by applying electron microscopy (EM)-one of the major tools offering the required resolution-is hampered by the similarity of donor and acceptor molecules regarding chemical composition and electronic structure. We demonstrate that analytical EM enables materials phase identification at the nanometer scale. Interpretation of morphological details is augmented by correlating phase distribution maps with high-resolution information about crystallinity. Using the system PBDB-T:ITIC we experimentally show that ITIC acceptor molecules adopt the periodic spacing of the PBDB-T repetition units. This happens already in mixed interface regions and is facilitated by polymorphism of ITIC. Here, we demonstrate that these visualized crystallites only form under thermal treatment in the presence of PBDB-T. We were able to correlate these structural features to improved performance. We envision an in-depth understanding of both the influence of processing parameters and the relation between molecular structure and photophysics.
Published: 2020
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2. Coherent beam combining architectures for high power tapered laser arrays (orale)

Author: G. Erbert, S. Janicot, Gaëlle Lucas-Leclin, Ulrich Witte, J. Decker, Martin Traub, Marc Hanna, Paul Crump, Patrick Georges, Guillaume Schimmel, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchtstfrequenztechnik (FBH), Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FVB) (FVB), Fraunhofer-Institut für Lasertechnik (ILT), Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (Fraunhofer IPA), and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Optics, Mode-locking, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), Diode
Abstract: International audience; Coherent beam combining (CBC) aims at increasing the spatial brightness of lasers. It consists in maintaining a constant phase relationship between different emitters, in order to combine them constructively in one single beam. We have investigated the CBC of an array of five individually-addressable high-power tapered laser diodes at λ = 976 nm, in two architectures: the first one utilizes the self-organization of the lasers in an interferometric extended-cavity, which ensures their mutual coherence; the second one relies on the injection of the emitters by a single-frequency laser diode. In both cases, the coherent combining of the phase-locked beams is ensured on the front side of the array by a transmission diffractive grating with 98% efficiency. The passive phase-locking of the laser bar is obtained up to 5 A (per emitter). An optimization algorithm is implemented to find the proper currents in the five ridge sections that ensured the maximum combined power on the front side. Under these conditions we achieve a maximum combined power of 7.5 W. In the active MOPA configuration, we can increase the currents in the tapered sections up to 6 A and get a combined power of 11.5 W, corresponding to a combining efficiency of 76%. It is limited by the beam quality of the tapered emitters and by fast phase fluctuations between emitters. Still, these results confirm the potential of CBC approaches with tapered lasers to provide a high-power and high-brightness beam, and compare with the current state-of-the-art with laser diodes.
Published: 2017
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3. Creating a reference database of cargo inspection X-ray images using high energy CT of cargo mock-ups

Author: Ulf Hassler, Frank Sukowski, Alexander Flisch, Adrian Schwaninger, Micha Slegt, Eric Rochat, Selina Kolokytha, Mathieu Plamondon, Diana Hardmeier, Andrea Canonica, Marius Costin, Caroline Vienne, Stefan Hartmann, Ger Koomen, Irene Dorion, Thomas Lüthi, Wicher Visser, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Département Imagerie et Simulation pour le Contrôle (DISC), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Fraunhofer-Entwicklungszentrum Röntgentechnik (Fraunhofer IIS/EZRT), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (Fraunhofer IIS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Smiths Heimann S.A.S. (SH), Swiss Federal Customs Administration (FCA), Dutch Customs Laboratory, Dutch Tax and Customs Administration (DTCA), European Project: 312998,EC:FP7:SEC,FP7-SEC-2012-1,ACXIS(2013), and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: High energy, Cargo scanning, Computer science, 010401 analytical chemistry, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Mock ups, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 16. Peace & justice, Computer security, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Identification (information), Key (cryptography), X ray image, Reference database, 0210 nano-technology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, computer
Abstract: International audience; Customs continue to use a wide range of technology in protecting against terrorism and the movement of illicit trade and prohibited imports. The throughput of scanned vehicles and cargo increases and just keeps on growing. Therefore, the need of automated algorithms to help screening officers in inspection, examination or surveillance of vehicles and containers is crucial. In this context, the successful collaboration between manufacturers and customs offices is of key importance. Facing this topic, within the seventh framework program of the European Commission, the project ACXIS “Automated Comparison of X-ray Images for cargo Scanning” arose. This project develops a reference database for X-ray images of illegal and legitimate cargo, procedures and algorithms to uniform X-ray images of different cargo scanners, and an automated identification of potentially illegal cargo.
Published: 2016
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4. Temperature and Humidity Control of a Micro PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Author: Stefan Wagner, Achim Kienle, Kai Sundmacher, Robert Hahn, Michael Mangold, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, Christian Kunde, Electrical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg] (OVGU), Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik Komplexer Technischer Systeme, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department HDI & WLP, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (Fraunhofer IZM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Phase portrait, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Control (management), Control variable, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Humidity, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, System model, Stack (abstract data type), Control theory, Physical Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with the control of a miniaturized fuel cell system. A single air blower is used to control both heat and water management of the fuel cell. As the number of manipulated variables is smaller than the number of control variables, classical control algorithms are not applicable. To find a suitable controller, a system model is developed that shows the qualitatively same behavior as the experimental setup. The dynamic behavior of the model and the influence of the blower are studied by phase portraits. A control algorithm is then conceived by qualitative analysis of the phase portraits and tested in simulations.
Published: 2010
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5. Towards a methodology for analysis of interconnect structures for 3D-integration of micro systems

Author: Günter Elst, Peter Schneider, Andreas Wilde, Peter Schwarz, Sven Reitz, Lab Design Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (Fraunhofer IIS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Publica
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], FOS: Computer and information sciences, Engineering, Other Computer Science (cs.OH), [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], 02 engineering and technology, Computer Science - Other Computer Science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Parasitic extraction, Interconnection, business.industry, Modeling, CAD Tools for MEMS, Control engineering, System-level simulation, Modular design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Finite element method, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Variety (cybernetics), Hardware and Architecture, Signal Processing, Design process, 0210 nano-technology, business, Simulation
Abstract: Functional aspects as well as the influence of integration technology on the system behavior have to be considered in the 3D integration design process of micro systems. Therefore, information from different physical domains has to be provided to designers. Due to the variety of structures and effects of different physical domains, efficient modeling approaches and simulation algorithms have to be combined. The paper describes a modular approach which covers detailed analysis with PDE solvers and model generation for system level simulation., Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Published: 2008
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6. High-power operation of coherently coupled tapered laser diodes in an external cavity (orale)

Author: Marc Hanna, G. Erbert, Gaëlle Lucas-Leclin, Guillaume Schimmel, S. Bull, Eric C. Larkins, Martin Traub, S. Janicot, S. N. Kaunga-Nyirenda, J. Decker, I Doyen, Patrick Georges, D. Moss, Ulrich Witte, Paul Crump, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchtstfrequenztechnik (FBH), Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FVB) (FVB), The School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Fraunhofer-Institut für Lasertechnik (ILT), Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (Fraunhofer IPA), and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: Diffraction, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Bar (music), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, Mode-locking, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diode
Abstract: We demonstrate a rear-side phase-locking architecture with two high-brightness diode lasers. This technique is based on the passive phase-locking of emitters in an external cavity on their rear facet, and their coherent combination on the front facet. Two high-brightness high-power tapered laser diodes are coherently combined using a Michelson-based cavity. The combining efficiency is above 80% and results in an output power of 6.7 W in a nearly diffraction-limited beam. The rear-side architecture is then used with a laser bar of 5 tapered emitters using an interferometric extended cavity, based on a diffractive optical element. We describe the experimental evaluation of the diffractive optical element, and the phase-locked operation of the laser bar.
Published: 2016
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7. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) films for food packaging: Physical-chemical and structural stability under food contact conditions

Author: Nathalie Gontard, Hélène Angellier-Coussy, Stéphane Peyron, Vorleak Chea, Diana Kemmer, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (Fraunhofer IVV), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Publica, Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung (IVV), and Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Food contact materials, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, packaging, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, Physical chemical, PHBV film, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Ethanol, biopolymers and renewable polymers, structure-property relations, Sorption, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Food packaging, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Structural stability, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: UMR IATE Axe 3 : Transferts de matière et réactions dans les systèmes aliment/emballage; The objective of the present article is to bring new insights into the relationships between the structural and physical–chemical stability and the inertness of PHBV films with respect to the targeted food packaging application. It is concluded from overall migration tests that PHBV films can be used as food contact materials for any type of food. Functional properties of PHBV films (mechanical properties and water vapor permeability) were also very stable after contact at 40°C during 10 days with all food simulating liquids tested (water, acetic acid 3% (w/v), ethanol 20% (v/v), and iso-octane), except with ethanol 95% (v/v). Ethanol 95% (v/v) was identified as the worst case for PHBV films, with a high sorption value and an increase in the water vapor permeability. This was mainly explained by a significant plasticizing effect, together with a decrease in both the molecular weight and the crystallinity degree of PHBV films. From an industrial point of view, it allows assessing that the packaging functions of PHBV are fulfilled all over the food supply chain.
Published: 2015
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8. Enzyme-functionalized biomimetic apatites: concept and perspectives in view of innovative medical approaches

Author: Iris Trick, Nicolas Vandecandelaere, Christina G. Weber, Anke Burger-Kentischer, Tanja Maucher, Christophe Drouet, Michaela Mueller, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (GERMANY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Universität Stuttgart (GERMANY), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (Fraunhofer IGB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Stuttgart University, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Publica, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Calcium Phosphates, Cytotoxicity, Sample processing, Molecular Conformation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Bone tissue engineering, Apatite, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Biomimetic Materials, Osteogenesis, Apatites, Enzyme Stability, Materials Testing, chemistry.chemical_classification, Surface reactivity, hydroxyapatite, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, visual_art, Bone surgery, Drug delivery, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, 0210 nano-technology, Hybrid material, Cell Survival, Surface Properties, Matériaux, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Cell Line, Biomaterials, Humans, Biomimetic apatite, Particle Size, Subtilisin, Hybrid, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanostructures, Ingénierie biomédicale, Enzyme Activation, antibacterial, Enzyme, chemistry, Bone Substitutes, Muramidase
Abstract: International audience; Biomimetic nanocrystalline calcium-deficient apatite compounds are particularly attractive for the setup of bioactive bone-repair scaffolds due to their high similarity to bone mineral in terms of chemical composition, structural and substructural features. As such, along with the increasingly appealing development of moderate temperature engineered routes for sample processing, they have widened the armamentarium of orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeons in the field of bone tissue engineering. This was made possible by exploiting the exceptional surface reactivity of biomimetic apatite nanocrystals, capable of easily exchanging ions or adsorbing (bio)molecules, thus leading to highly-versatile drug delivery systems. In this contribution we focus on the preparation of hybrid materials combining biomimetic nanocrystallineapatites and enzymes (lysozyme and subtilisin). This paper reports physico-chemical data as well as cytotoxicity evaluations towards Cal-72 osteoblast-like cells and finally antimicrobial assessments towards selected strains of interest in bone surgery. Biomimetic apatite/enzyme hybrids could be prepared in varying buffers. They were found to be non-cytotoxic toward osteoblastic cells and the enzymes retained their biological activity (e.g. bond cleavage or antibacterial properties) despite the immobilization and drying processes. Release properties were also examined. Beyond these illustrative examples, the concept of biomimetic apatites functionalized with enzymes is thus shown to be useable in practice, e.g. for antimicrobial purposes, thus widening possible therapeutic perspectives.
Published: 2014
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9. Aeronautics composite material inspection with a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system

Author: Yehuda Sternberg, Frank Ospald, Patrick Mounaix, Pablo Venegas Bosom, Ion López, Jean-Paul Guillet, Joachim Jonuscheit, Wissem Zouaghi, Wouter Vleugels, Rene Beigang, Carsten Matheis, Marijke Vandewal, Laura Vega González, Rafael Martínez Edo, Benoit Recur, Department of Physics and Research Center (OPTIMAS), Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern), Physikalisches Institut [Frankfurt/Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Materials Characterization and Testing, Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (Fraunhofer IPM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Verhaert New Products and Services, Centro de Tecnologias Aeronauticas, LGAI Technological Center S.A., NDT Laboratory, Engineering Division, Israel Aerospace Industries, CISS Department, Royal Military Academy (RMA), European Project: 266320,EC:FP7:TPT,FP7-AAT-2010-RTD-1,DOTNAC(2010), Publica, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)
Subjects: Materials science, Terahertz radiation, Glass fiber, Non-destructive testing, 02 engineering and technology, terahertz spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, honeycomb, Aeronautics, Nondestructive testing, 0103 physical sciences, Composite material, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Laminate, time-domain spectroscopy, Rohacell, business.industry, General Engineering, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Composite materials, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Terahertz spectroscopy and technology, Frequency domain, Terahertz imaging, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, inspections, 0210 nano-technology, business, Carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Abstract: International audience; The usability of pulsed broadband terahertz radiation for the inspection of composite materials from the aeronautics industry is investigated, with the goal of developing a mobile time-domain spectroscopy system that operates in reflection geometry. A wide range of samples based on glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics with various types of defects is examined using an imaging system; the results are evaluated both in time and frequency domain. The conductivity of carbon fibers prevents penetration of the respective samples but also allows analysis of coatings from the reflected THz pulses. Glass fiber composites are, in principle, transparent for THz radiation, but commonly with significant absorption for wavelengths >1 THz. Depending on depth, matrix material, and size, defects like foreign material inserts, delaminations, or moisture contamination can be visualized. If a defect is not too deep in the sample, its location can be correctly identified from the delay between partial reflections at the surface and the defect itself.
Published: 2014
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10. A holistic contribution to fast innovation in electric vehicles: An overview of the DEMOBASE research project

Author: S. Herreyre, Z. Wang, A. Bordes, S. Korali, Z. Chen, Philippe Desprez, V. Lonrentz, G. Rigobert, J. Zhou, A. Dominget, Dongjiang Li, S. Benjamin, A. Lecocq, Guy Marlair, L.H.J. Raijmakers, S. Koffel, D.L. Danilov, Sébastien Laurent, J. Martin, M. Biasiotto, M. Belerrajoul, C. Siret, R. Introzzi, Peter H. L. Notten, E. Durling, N. Legrand, B. Truchot, S. Lamontarana, Julien Bernard, M. Dahmani, Perlo. P., L. Hamelin, Martin Petit, M. Massazza, W. Maurer, Publica, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry ( IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, SAFT [Bordeaux], Société des accumulateurs fixes et de traction (SAFT), Infineon, Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-stock Co., Interactive Fully Electrical VehicleS (I-FEVS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (Fraunhofer IISB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), MODELON, Accurec, MA, European Project: 769900,DEMOBASE, Dynamics and Control for Electrified Automotive Systems, Control Systems, and EIRES System Integration
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Lithium-ion, Computer science, Process (engineering), 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Transportation, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Battery electric vehicle, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, EV manufacturing, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Fail-safe design and testing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Green vehicle, Battery pack, BEV, Automotive Engineering, Systems engineering, Key (cryptography), ddc:400, Safety, 0210 nano-technology, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie, Efficient energy use, Model
Abstract: International audience; This paper is a contribution to fasten integration of battery pack innovation in commercial Electric Vehicles (EV) through massive digitalization: a seamless process detailed for battery design, battery safety, and battery management. Selected results of studies carried out on the EV value chain from design to recycling steps are presented, highlighting the importance of seamless integration and holistic state of mind when designing EV. Association between experimental and numerical approaches for efficient innovative EV production is crucial to achieve easy commercialisation. Successful forecasting of aging and thermal runaway evolution from single cell failure at module level using such methods illustrates their great potential. Hardware key counterparts under development are also introduced and give an idea of future architecture of EV battery packs and overall improvement of EV energy efficiency. Finally, a flexible and easily modifiable solution for battery electric vehicle (BEV) that allows rapid and cost-effective integration of future innovation is presented. This paper globally illustrates key breakthroughs gained in the context of the collaborative research project named ‘DEMOBASE’, for DEsign and MOdelling for improved BAttery Safety and Efficiency successfully submitted for funding by the European Commission in response to a 2017 call dedicated to ‘Green Vehicles’ under the EU Horizon 2020 work programme “Smart, green and integrated transport”.
Published: 2022
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11. Specific salt effects on thermophoresis of charged colloids

Author: Alois Würger, Arghya Majee, Kyriakos A. Eslahian, Michael Maskos, Fraunhofer ICT-IMM (ICT-IMM), Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (Fraunhofer IPA), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung u. -prüfung, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Theoretische Physik [Braunschweig], Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], and Publica
Subjects: Seebeck Effekt, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, thermoelectric effect, Thermophoresis, colloidal suspensions, specific ion effects, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Diffusiophoresis, 0103 physical sciences, Thermoelectric effect, 010306 general physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, thermal field-flow fractionation, General Chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Chemical physics, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Polystyrene, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: We study the Soret effect of charged polystyrene particles as a function of temperature and electrolyte composition. As a main result we find that the Soret coefficient is determined by charge effects, and that non-ionic contributions are small. In view of the well-kown electric-double layer interactions, our thermal field-flow fractionation data lead us to the conclusion that the Soret effect originates to a large extent from diffusiophoresis in the salt gradient and from the electrolyte Seebeck effect, both of which show strong specific-ion effects. Moreover, we find that thermophoresis of polystyrene beads is fundamentally different from proteins and aqueous polymer solutions, which show a strong non-ionic contribution., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2014
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12. Flexure-Based 6-Axis Alignment Module for Automated Laser Assembly

Author: Jan Behrens, Christian Brecher, Nicolas Pyschny, Department for Production Machines, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (Fraunhofer IPT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Svetan Ratchev
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), Precision assembly, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, business.industry, parallel manipulator, Compliant mechanism, Parallel manipulator, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Modular design, Revolute joint, compliant mechanism, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, law.invention, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, law, Robot, flexures, [INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL], 0210 nano-technology, business, Dimensioning
Abstract: International audience; Fully automating the assembly of laser systems puts high demands on the accuracy, but alike on the flexibility and adaptivity of the assembly system. In this paper a concept for a flexible robot-based precision assembly is introduced. This concept is based on a modular 6-axis alignment tool which has been designed as a hybrid serial-parallel manipulator with flexures for all revolute and spherical joints. Technical insights on the design and dimensioning based on analytical calculations will be presented as well as first results from the characterization of a prototypal alignment module.
Published: 2010
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13. High-efficiency wide-band metal-dielectric resonant grating for 20 fs pulse compression

Author: Renate Fechner, Olivier Parriaux, Axel Dr.rer.nat.habil. Schindler, Manuel Flury, Svetlen Tonchev, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (Fraunhofer IPA), and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: Diffraction, Femtosecond pulse shaping, Chirped pulse amplification, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, Diffraction efficiency, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, compression gratings, Optics, femtosecond laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, leaky mode, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulse compression, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: More than 95% average efficiency TE-polarization diffraction over a 200 nm wavelength range centered at 800 nm is obtained by a metal-dielectric grating structure with non-corrugated mirror. 98% maximum –1st order diffraction efficiency and a wide band top-hat spectrum are demonstrated experimentally opening the way to the high-efficiency Chirped Pulse Amplification of femtosecond pulses as short as 20 fs.
Published: 2007
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14. Photon Statistics of Incoherent Cathodoluminescence with Continuous and Pulsed Electron Beams

Author: Sophie Meuret, Matthias Liebtrau, Toon Coenen, Silke Christiansen, Albert Polman, Kelly W. Mauser, Magdalena Solà-Garcia, Publica, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Fraunhofer IKTS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Interférométrie, In situ et Instrumentation pour la Microscopie Electronique (CEMES-I3EM), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE30-0008,ECHOMELO,Holographie électronique des matériaux pour l'optoélectronique sous excitation lumineuse(2019)
Subjects: Photon, Cathodoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, 010309 optics, external quantum efficiency, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum well, electrical energy supply, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], photon statistics, layer, mathematical methods, Pulse duration, cathodoluminescence, autocorrelation measurements, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, quantum wells, Electron excitation, Picosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, plasmons, bunching, Excitation, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Photon bunching in incoherent cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy originates from the fact that a single high-energy electron can generate multiple photons when interacting with a material, thus, revealing key properties of electron−matter excitation. Contrary to previous works based on Monte Carlo modeling, here we present a fully analytical model describing the amplitude and shape of the second order autocorrelation function (g (2) (τ)) for continuous and pulsed electron beams. Moreover, we extend the analysis of photon bunching to ultrashort electron pulses, in which up to 500 electrons per pulse excite the sample within a few picoseconds. We obtain a simple equation relating the bunching strength (g (2) (0)) to the electron beam current, emitter decay lifetime, pulse duration, in the case of pulsed electron beams, and electron excitation efficiency (γ), defined as the probability that an electron creates at least one interaction with the emitter. The analytical model shows good agreement with the experimental data obtained on InGaN/GaN quantum wells using continuous, ns-pulsed (using beam blanker) and ultrashort ps-pulsed (using photoemission) electron beams. We extract excitation efficiencies of 0.13 and 0.05 for 10 and 8 keV electron beams, respectively, and we observe that nonlinear effects play no compelling role, even after excitation with ultrashort and dense electron cascades in the quantum wells.
Published: 2021
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15. Metal–organic framework/graphene oxide composites for CO2 capture by microwave swing adsorption

Author: Christian Serre, Gilles Patriarche, Nicolas Heymans, Damien Aureau, Alexandros Ploumistos, Mégane Muschi, Rudolf Emmerich, Sabine Devautour-Vinot, Saad Sene, Guy De Weireld, Nathalie Steunou, Amine Geneste, Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP ), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Thermodynamique et Physique Mathématique - Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (Fraunhofer ICT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Graphene, Composite number, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Microporous material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, law, Desorption, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Metal-organic framework, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)/graphene oxide (GO) composites are of growing interest due to their properties which can exceed those of the pure components, including post-combustion CO2 capture. Series of composites suitable for CO2 capture under flue gas conditions based on the microporous water stable MIL-91(Ti) have been prepared with different GO contents, following two routes, in situ and post-synthetic. It was observed that the 5 wt% GO in situ composite exhibits a semi-conducting behavior, while the post-synthetic materials are insulating, even with high (20 wt%) GO content. As a consequence, this composite absorbs microwave radiation more efficiently compared to the pure MOF and post-synthetic materials. Finally, we report that CO2 desorption is much faster under microwave irradiation compared to direct electric heating on MOF/GO in situ materials, paving the way for future energy-saving microwave swing adsorption processes.
Published: 2021
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16. Control of the Mechanical Adhesion of III–V Materials Grown on Layered h-BN

Author: Tarik Moudakir, Suresh Sundaram, Paul L. Voss, Simon Gautier, Phuong Vuong, Stefano Leone, Fouad Benkhelifa, Jean-Paul Salvestrini, Adama Mballo, Abdallah Ougazzaden, Gilles Patriarche, Soufiane Karrakchou, Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (Fraunhofer IAF), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), ANR Labex Ganex, and ANR-11-LABX-0014,GANEX,Réseau national sur GaN(2011)
Subjects: Materials science, mechanical transfer, Diffusion, semiconductors, 02 engineering and technology, High-electron-mobility transistor, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, flexible (opto) electronics, transferrable nanodevices, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, 2D boron nitride, business.industry, Delamination, Heterojunction, Adhesion, III-nitrides, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be used as a p-doped material in wide-bandgap optoelectronic heterostructures or as a release layer to allow lift-off of grown three-dimensional (3D) GaN-based devices. To date, there have been no studies of factors that lead to or prevent lift-off and/or spontaneous delamination of layers. Here, we report a unique approach of controlling the adhesion of this layered material, which can result in both desired lift-off layered h-BN and mechanically inseparable robust h-BN layers. This is accomplished by controlling the diffusion of Al atoms into h-BN from AlN buffers grown on h-BN/sapphire. We present evidence of Al diffusion into h-BN for AlN buffers grown at high temperatures compared to conventional-temperature AlN buffers. Further evidence that the Al content in BN controls lift-off is provided by comparison of two alloys, Al 0.03 B 0.97 N/sapphire and Al 0.17 B 0.83 N/sapphire. Moreover, we tested that management of Al diffusion controls the mechanical adhesion of high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) devices grown on AlN/h-BN/sapphire. The results extend the control of two-dimensional (2D)/3D hetero-epitaxy and bring h-BN closer to industrial application in optoelectronics.
Published: 2020
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17. Study of an infrared hybrid chalcogenide silicon lenses compatible with wafer-level manufacturing process for automotive applications

Author: John Franks, Susanne Ehret, Raphaël Proux, Elodie Tartas, Guillaume Druart, Jean-Baptiste Volatier, Florence de la Barrière, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, LYNRED, Umicore IR Glass, and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: Silicon, Computer science, Chalcogenide, Automotive industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Dot pitch, law.invention, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, Automotive Application, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Microbolometers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering physics, chemistry, Hybrid system, Photolithography, Infrared, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Infrared cameras could serve automotive applications by delivering breakthrough perception systems for both in-cabin passengers monitoring and car surrounding. However, low-cost and high-throughput manufacturing methods are essential to sustain the growth in thermal imaging markets for automotive applications, and for other close-to-consumer applications which have a fast growth potential. Fast low cost infrared lenses suitable for microbolometers are currently already sold by companies like Umicore, Lightpath, FLIR… They are either made of a single inverse meniscus Chalcogenide glass or of two Silicon optics. In this paper, we explore hybrid systems with a large field of view around 40° combining Chalcogenide and Silicon in order to take advantage of both materials. Both are compatible with wafer-level process. Silicon optics can be manufactured by photolithography process and are expected to be more cost-effective than Chalcogenide ones. However they are constrained in shape and sag height. On the other hand, Chalcogenide optics can be collectively molded and could have more free shapes. They are thus more suitable to reach high-demanding performance. So hybrid designs could be seen as a compromise between cost and performance. In this paper, we show that fast lenses with diameter constraints to few millimeters to make affordable wafer-level process lead to small size detectors. As a consequence, the pixel pitch reduction of microbolometers is a key point to maintain a good resolution. Finally, strategies to improve the production yield of hybrid lenses are explored.
Published: 2021
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18. Simultaneous Optical and Electrical Characterization of GaN Nanowire Arrays by Means of Vis-IR Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Author: S. Hurand, F. Paumier, Bertrand Lacroix, Victor J. Gómez, Antonio J. Santos, Rafael García, Francisco M. Morales, Thierry Girardeau, Diana L. Huffaker, Eduardo Blanco, Fraunhofer AICOS [Porto], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMSE), Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB), Physique et Propriétés des Nanostructures PPNa (PPNa), Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux (Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Fraunhofer Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions [Porto] (Fraunhofer AICOS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Silicon, Infrared, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Nanowire, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Nitrides, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Hall effect, Ellipsometry, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Oscillation Mobility, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], Nanowires, business.industry, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, General Energy, chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Porosity
Abstract: International audience; We report an original and straightforward method for both optical and electrical characterization of vertical GaN nanowire arrays epitaxially grown on silicon through visible-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry methods. For the initial purpose of adding new inputs to the ellipsometry model, focused ion-beam tomography experiments were conducted to extract porosity/depth profiles of these systems. To reproduce the optical free-carrier behavior in the infrared, the ellipsometric data acquired were fitted to an anisotropic Bruggeman model including Tauc-Lorentz and Drude oscillators, which enabled the determination of carrier density and in-grain mobility. The nice agreement of these results with those obtained by combining Hall effect measurements, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy studies supported the validity of the proposed method, opening new horizons in the characterization of nanowire-based semiconducting layers.
Published: 2019
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19. Combined wear and ageing of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in total hip replacement under edge loading conditions

Author: Mazen Al-Hajjar, Sabine Begand, Thomas Oberbach, Jérôme Chevalier, K. Hans, Daniel Delfosse, Louise M. Jennings, Laurent Gremillard, Publica, University of Leeds, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mathys Orthopaedie GmbH, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Fraunhofer IKTS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Mathys AG
Subjects: Ceramics, Time Factors, Materials science, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Composite number, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Hip replacement (animal), Autoclave, law.invention, Weight-Bearing, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, stripe wear, Aluminum Oxide, hip replacement, Cubic zirconia, Ceramic, Composite material, Gait, Bearing (mechanical), edge loading, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 030206 dentistry, Tribology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, hydrothermal ageing, Mechanics of Materials, Ageing, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Stress, Mechanical, Zirconium, influence of laser radiation on ceramic material, 0210 nano-technology, Ceramic on ceramic
Abstract: International audience; Ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in total hip replacement have shown the potential to provide low wear solutions in hip replacement. Assessing the tribological performance of these materials is important to predict their long-term performance in patients. In this study, a methodology was devised to assess the tribological in vitro behaviour of composite ceramics under combined adverse edge loading conditions and accelerated ageing. Two commercial ceramic composites were considered, namely Alumina-Toughened Zirconia (ATZ, ceramys®) and Zirconia-Toughened Alumina (ZTA, symarec®). The bearing couples were studied using the Leeds Mark II hip joint simulator for a total of eight million cycles, the first two million under normal gait (no edge loading) and the following six million cycles with the addition of edge loading conditions driven by medial-lateral separation. The bearing couples underwent hydrothermal ageing using an accelerated protocol in autoclave every million cycles. The influence of edge loading combined with ageing was significant for ATZ bearings, resulting in a slower overall ageing kinetics over the wear stripe than on the control heads. During the autoclave ageing steps, the monoclinic fraction increased more over the wear stripe area than over the unworn area. Both results thus indicated that the monoclinic phase was removed during shocks induced by edge loading. The wear performance of the two materials were similar exhibiting relatively low wear rates and low level of microstructural damage for these clinically relevant adverse conditions.
Published: 2019
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20. Bayesian parameterisation of a regional photovoltaic model – Application to forecasting

Author: Yves-Marie Saint-Drenan, Rafael Fritz, Roland Potthast, Jamie M. Bright, Sven Killinger, Stephan Vogt, Centre Observation, Impacts, Énergie (O.I.E.), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology (Fraunhofer IEE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Mathematics, University of Reading, University of Reading (UOR), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), and Publica
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Mean squared error, Computer science, 020209 energy, regional PV power, forecast, Bayesian probability, Prognose, PV, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Netzintegration, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], intelligentes Netz, Linear regression, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Leistungselektronik, Grid integration, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Linear system, Photovoltaic system, Netze und Intelligente Systeme, PV system characteristics, Covariance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electricity generation, inverses Problem, inverse problem, Probability distribution, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Estimating and forecasting photovoltaic (PV) power generation in regions-e.g. the area controlled by the transmission system operator (TSO)-is a requirement for the operation of the electricity supply system. An accurate calculation of this quantity requires detailed information of the installed PV systems within the considered region; however, this information is not publicly available making forecasting difficult. Therefore, approximating the undefined PV systems information for use in a PV power model (parameterization) is of critical interest. In this paper, we propose a methodological approach for parameterization using time series of aggregated PV power generation. A Bayesian approach is used to overcome the significant number of unknown parameters in the problem. It regularizes the linear system by imposing constraints on deviations from an initial-guess and covariance matrices; the initial guess uses available statistical distributions of PV system metadata. The performance of the proposed forecasting approach is evaluated using estimates of the regional PV power generation from three TSOs and meteorological data from the IFS forecast model (ECMWF). The proposed forecasting approach without the Bayesian parameterization has RMSE of 3.90%, 4.25% and 4.64%, respectively; including the Bayesian approach gives RMSE of 3.82%, 4.23% and 4.51%. For comparison, we also deployed a multiple linear regression which gave RMSE of 3.89%, 4.12% and 4.54%; however, there are considerable downsides to such an approach. Our approach is competitive with TSO forecasting systems despite using far fewer input data and simpler implementation of NWP prediction. This is particularly promising as there are many avenues for future development.
Published: 2019
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21. Floating hollow carbon spheres for improved solar evaporation

Author: Alain Celzard, Vanessa Fierro, Andreea Pasc, Ghouti Medjahdi, V. Nicolas, Sijin Li, Karl Mandel, Thomas Ballweg, Sébastien Schaefer, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Chimie Moléculaire (L2CM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Sino French Research Center for Biomedical Imaging (HIT-INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Evaporation, Verdampfung, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Mikrokugel, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Thermal conductivity, Solartechnik, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Entsalzung, template, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Solar simulator, Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Pyrolysis
Abstract: Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) were prepared from sugar alcohols encapsulated in UV-cured polymer which were hydrothermally treated in solutions of carbon precursors and carbonised at different temperatures in the presence or absence of graphitisation catalysts (Fe(III) and Ni(II)). The resultant HCSs were then spread at the surface of salt water and submitted to a solar simulator in a special ventilated chamber. The presence of HCSs floating at the surface of water was shown to increase significantly the evaporation rate compared to an HCS-free reference. The effect of carbon precursor, pyrolysis temperature, size and presence of metal was investigated and discussed. The best performances were obtained with nickel-loaded HCSs treated at 1500 °C, leading to a water evaporation rate increased by 70% with respect to the reference. These performances were discussed in terms of floatability, the latter being related to wettability, composition and apparent density of the HCSs. A model was developed for separating the contributions of floatability and thermal conductivity, definitely demonstrating that the former was the key parameter explaining the performances of floating HCSs for evaporating water submitted to a radiant heat flow.
Published: 2019
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22. Accelerated aging of absorber coatings for CSP receivers under real high solar flux – Evolution of their optical properties

Author: Reine Reoyo-Prats, Alex Carling Plaza, Christina Hildebrandt, Audrey Soum-Glaude, Bernard Claudet, Olivier Faugeroux, Yaniv Binyamin, Tobias M. Meißner, Alina Agüero, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), and DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut (DFI)
Subjects: Materials science, integumentary system, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Alloy, food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Accelerated aging, Durability, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Coating, Thermal, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], engineering, Thermal emittance, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Inconel
Abstract: International audience; The use of durable high solar absorptance receivers is a key element in a CSP plant project. In this article, different receiver materials are studied: four alloy substrates (T91, T22, VM12, Inconel 617) combined with four new absorber coatings, operable in solar towers with molten salts or steam as heat transfer fluids, and a classic Pyromark® paint considered as a reference. In order to test the durability of the coatings, 200 solar accelerated aging cycles were applied on the samples, using a concentrated solar facility (named SAAF). The cycles were defined so as to apply realistic high solar flux and temperature on the front side of the samples, and with high cooling and heating rates reproducing the fast variation of solar irradiation due to cloudy weather and subsequent thermal shocks. The optical characteristics of the coatings were measured at the beginning and at regular intervals during the aging procedure. Different behaviors of the coatings were observed depending on the substrate, before any aging cycle. After this first aging campaign, some evolutions were observed on the solar absorptance or thermal emittance, depending on the substrate and the coating. Nevertheless, the degradations noticed are not significant enough to conclude about the durability of the coatings.
Published: 2019
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23. Pristine and Modified Porous Membranes for Zinc Slurry–Air Flow Battery

Author: Mateusz L. Donten, Nadia El Kissi, Diego Milian, Fannie Alloin, Nak Heon Choi, Peter Fischer, Getachew Teklay Gebreslassie, Misgina Tilahun Tsehaye, Cristina Iojoiu, Vincent Martin, Jens Tübke, Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (Fraunhofer ICT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés (LRP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Electrochimie Interfaciale et Procédés (EIP), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 76528, European Project: 765289, European Project: 2011-0168, Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP (LRP), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Materials science, Pharmaceutical Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Organic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Zinc, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, membrane coating, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Chemical engineering, QD241-441, Drug Discovery, zinc slurry–air flow battery, Ionic conductivity, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ionomer, zincate crossover, UV irradiation, power density, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Flow battery, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), ddc:660, Molecular Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Zincate
Abstract: The membrane is a crucial component of Zn slurry–air flow battery since it provides ionic conductivity between the electrodes while avoiding the mixing of the two compartments. Herein, six commercial membranes (Cellophane™ 350PØØ, Zirfon®, Fumatech® PBI, Celgard® 3501, 3401 and 5550) were first characterized in terms of electrolyte uptake, ion conductivity and zincate ion crossover, and tested in Zn slurry–air flow battery. The peak power density of the battery employing the membranes was found to depend on the in-situ cell resistance. Among them, the cell using Celgard® 3501 membrane, with in-situ area resistance of 2 Ω cm2 at room temperature displayed the highest peak power density (90 mW cm−2). However, due to the porous nature of most of these membranes, a significant crossover of zincate ions was observed. To address this issue, an ion-selective ionomer containing modified poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium monomer was coated on a Celgard® 3501 membrane and crosslinked via UV irradiation (PPO-3.45 + 3501). Moreover, commercial FAA-3 solutions (FAA, Fumatech) were coated for comparison purpose. The successful impregnation of the membrane with the anion-exchange polymers was confirmed by SEM, FTIR and Hg porosimetry. The PPO-3.45 + 3501 membrane exhibited 18 times lower zincate ions crossover compared to that of the pristine membrane (5.2 × 10−13 vs. 9.2 × 10−12 m2 s−1). With low zincate ions crossover and a peak power density of 66 mW cm−2, the prepared membrane is a suitable candidate for rechargeable Zn slurry–air flow batteries.
Published: 2021
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24. High Power Density Thermoelectric Generators with Skutterudites

Author: Soufiane El Oualid, Eric Alleno, Thierry Caillat, Anne Dauscher, Jan D. Koenig, Uwe Kruck, Iurii Kogut, Francis Kosior, Eugen Geczi, Christophe Candolfi, Alexandre Jacquot, Bertrand Lenoir, M. Benyahia, Philippe Masschelein, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (Fraunhofer IPM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ANR-11-PICF-0007,WATTS(2011), ANR-12-PRGE-0008,NANOSKUT,SKUTTERUDITES NANOSTRUCTUREES POUR LA GENERATION THERMOELECTRIQUE(2012), European Project: 692482,H2020,H2020-ECSEL-2015-2-IA-two-stage,EnSO(2016), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, thermoelectric modules, thermoelectric module, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, thermoelectricity, Modelling, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Thermoelectric effect, Skutterudites, General Materials Science, Skutterudite, Power density, [PHYS]Physics [physics], power generation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Energy harvesting, Thermoelectric, skutterudite, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermoelectric materials, Electrical contacts, 0104 chemical sciences, Electricity generation, Thermoelectric generator, engineering, Optoelectronics, Electric power, 0210 nano-technology, business, Thermoelectric generators
Abstract: International audience; Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer a versatile solution to convert low-grade heat into useful electrical power. While reducing the length of the active thermoelectric legs provides an efficient strategy to increase the maximum output power density pmax, both the high electrical contact resistances and thermomechanical stresses are two central issues that have so far prevented a strong reduction in the volume of thermoelectric materials integrated. Here, it is demonstrated that these barriers can be lifted by using a nonconventional architecture of the legs which involves inserting thick metallic layers. Using skutterudites as a proof-of-principle, several single-couple and multi-couple TEGs with skutterudite layers of only 1 mm are fabricated, yielding record pmax ranging from 3.4 up to à 7.6 W cm−2 under temperature differences varying between 450 and 630 K. The highest pmax achieved corresponds to a 60-fold increase per unit volume of skutterudites compared to 1 cm long legs. This work establishes thick metallic layers as a robust strategy through which high power density TEGs may be developed.
Published: 2021
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25. Regulating the Translocation of DNA through Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Decorated Switchable Nanopores by Cononsolvency Effect

Author: Fabien Montel, Bastien Molcrette, Huaisong Yong, Jens-Uwe Sommer, Marcel Sperling, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden 01069, Germany, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (Fraunhofer IAP), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon F-69342, France, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany, and Publica
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Chromosomal translocation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Meth, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Stimulus response, Inorganic Chemistry, Nanopore, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Materials Chemistry, Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, DNA
Abstract: International audience; Stimulus response of polymer-decorated nanopores/nanochannels is a fascinating topic both in polymer science and modern nanotechnology; however, it is still challenging for standard analytical methods to characterize these switchable nanopores/nanochannels. In this study, based on the physics of polymer translocation, we developed an analytical method and thus for the first time were able to quantitatively measure the effective thickness of the polymer layer around the rim of nanopores. As an application example of this method, we studied the translocation dynamics of fluorescence DNA through poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)-decorated switchable nanopores in aqueous environments. By adding small amounts of ethanol to the aqueous buffer solution, a switch-like response of the DNA translocation can be observed. It is also observed that a pronounced switching effect can be only realized in a window of moderate grafting densities of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) layer. These are attributed to the cononsolvency effect which causes a collapse of the polymer layer and thus a transition between "closed" and "open" states of the nanopores for DNA translocation. Our study clearly transpired that the cononsolvency effect of polymers can be used as a novel trigger to change the size of nanopores, in analogy to the opening and closure of the gates of cell membrane channels. We envisage that our study will spawn further developments for the design of switchable nanogates and nanopores.
Published: 2021
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26. Impact of nitrogen, boron and phosphorus impurities on the electronic structure of diamond probed by X-ray spectroscopies

Author: François Jomard, Ronny Golnak, Klaus Lieutenant, Tristan Petit, Christian Schulz, Jean-Charles Arnault, Nicolas Tranchant, Peter Knittel, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Sneha Choudhury, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, department of chemistry berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (Fraunhofer IAF), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), European Project: 665085,H2020,H2020-FETOPEN-2014-2015-RIA,DIACAT(2015), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Publica
Subjects: defect, Materials science, XAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, doping, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, X-ray absorption, lcsh:QD241-441, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, lcsh:Organic chemistry, diamond, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, XPS, boron doping, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectroscopy, Boron, defects, 010302 applied physics, instrumentation, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, detector, Doping, Diamond, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, electronic structure, X-ray emission, chemistry, engineering, X-ray spectroscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], XES, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, X-ray photoemission, 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal
Abstract: International audience; Doping diamond with boron, nitrogen or phosphorus enables a fine tuning of its electronic properties, which is particularly relevant for applications involving electron emission. However, the chemical nature of the doping sites and its correlation with electron emission properties remain to be clarified. In this work, we applied soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques to probe occupied and unoccupied electronic states in undoped, boron-, phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing single crystal diamonds. X-ray absorption, X-ray emission and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies, performed at the carbon K-edge, provide a full picture of new electronic states created by impurities in diamond. The different probing depths of fluorescence- and electron-based detection techniques enable a comparison between surface and bulk contributions
Published: 2021
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27. Composite Anion Exchange Membranes Fabricated by Coating and UV Crosslinking of Low-Cost Precursors Tested in a Redox Flow Battery

Author: Mathieu Etienne, Gérard Henrion, Peter Fischer, Martyna Charyton, Mateusz L. Donten, Francesco Deboli, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (Fraunhofer ICT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Polymer Science, Organic chemistry, Vanadium, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, FUEL-CELLS, Article, SEPARATORS, QD241-441, Coating, Interpenetrating polymer network, ION, Acrylic resin, Science & Technology, Ion exchange, STABILITY, General Chemistry, functional coating, Composite Anion composite ion exchange membrane, PERFORMANCE, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PERMANGANATE, Flow battery, TRANSPORT, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Membrane, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, SELECTIVITY, visual_art, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Physical Sciences, UV curing, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, redox flow battery, MORPHOLOGY, 0210 nano-technology, ELECTROLYTE, composite ion exchange membrane
Abstract: This paper presents a novel, cost-effective approach to the fabrication of composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Hierarchical AEMs have been fabricated by coating a porous substrate with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) layer where poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is immobilized in a crosslinked matrix. The IPN matrix was formed by UV initiated radical crosslinking of a mixture of acrylamide-based monomers and acrylic resins. The fabricated membranes have been compared with a commercial material (Fumatech FAP 450) in terms of ionic transport properties and performance in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Measures of area-specific resistance (ASR) and vanadium permeability for the proposed membranes demonstrated properties approaching the commercial benchmark. These properties could be tuned by changing the content of PVP in the IPN coating. Higher PVP/matrix ratios facilitate a higher water uptake of the coating layer and thus lower ASR (as low as 0.58 Ω.cm2). On the contrary, lower PVP/matrix ratios allow to reduce the water uptake of the coating and hence decrease the vanadium permeability at the cost of a higher ASR (as high as 1.99 Ω.cm2). In VRFB testing the hierarchical membranes enabled to reach energy efficiency comparable with the commercial AEM (PVP_14-74.7%, FAP 450-72.7% at 80 mA.cm-2). ispartof: POLYMERS vol:13 issue:15 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
Published: 2021
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28. Data Management Plans:the Importance of Data Management in the BIG‐MAP Project

Author: Isidora Cekic-Laskovic, Frédéric Le Cras, Alexis Grimaud, Lukas Königer, Martin Winter, Eibar Flores, Leszek Niedzicki, Simon Clark, Helge S. Stein, Arghya Bhowmik, Hanne Lauritzen, Laurence J. Hardwick, Hongjiao Li, Robert Dominko, Martin Uhrin, Henning Lorrmann, Nicola Marzari, Karin Vels Hansen, Tejs Vegge, Giovanni Pizzi, Christian Wölke, Ivano E. Castelli, Daniel J. Arismendi-Arrieta, Karina Ulvskov Frederiksen, Fuzhan Rahmanian, Jackson Flowers, Sandrine Lyonnard, Jesper Friis, Wolfgang Wenzel, Kersti Hermansson, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Materials Chemistry - The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Helmholtz-Institute Münster (IEK-12), SINTEF Technology and Society, Stiftelsen for INdustriell og TEknisk Forskning Digital [Trondheim] (SINTEF Digital), National Institute of Chemistry, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (Fraunhofer ISC), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Theory and Simulation of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Faculty of Chemistry [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW), Donostia International Physics Center - DIPC (SPAIN), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)-University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), European Project: 957213 ,BATTERY 2030PLUS, European Project: 957189,BIG-MAP, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and University of Münster
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Technology, Computer and Information Sciences, batteries, databases, Process (engineering), Computer science, Data management, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Interoperability, FOS: Physical sciences, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Plan (drawing), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, data management plan, fair data, Batteries, Databases, Electrochemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, data curation, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, FAIR data, Data curation, business.industry, Data management plan, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Data- och informationsvetenskap, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Data flow diagram, Engineering management, Key (cryptography), ddc:620, 0210 nano-technology, business, ddc:600
Abstract: Open access to research data is increasingly important for accelerating research. Grant authorities therefore request detailed plans for how data is managed in the projects they finance. We have recently developed such a plan for the EU-H2020 BIG-MAP project - a cross-disciplinary project targeting disruptive battery-material discoveries. Essential for reaching the goal is extensive sharing of research data across scales, disciplines and stakeholders, not limited to BIG-MAP and the European BATTERY 2030+ initiative but within the entire battery community. The key challenges faced in developing the data management plan for such a large and complex project were to generate an overview of the enormous amount of data that will be produced, to build an understanding of the data flow within the project and to agree on a roadmap for making all data FAIR. This paper describes the process we followed and how we structured the plan., 12 pages, 4 figures; the full DMP is published as Supporting Information
Published: 2021
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29. Silicon Photonics for Terabit/s communication in Data Centers and Exascale Computers

Author: Yohan Desieres, Karim Hassan, Bertrand Szelag, Stephane Bernabe, Tolga Tekin, Pierre Tissier, K. Hasharoni, Segolene Olivier, Yvain Thonnart, Quentin Wilmart, Département d'Optronique (DOPT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DustPhotonics, Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab (III-V Lab), THALES, Laboratoire Fonctions Innovantes pour circuits Mixtes (LFIM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Département Systèmes et Circuits Intégrés Numériques (DSCIN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (Fraunhofer IZM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), ANR-10-AIRT-0005,NANOELEC,NANOELEC(2010), European Project: 780930, European Project: 825109, European Project: 688544,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,L3MATRIX(2015), European Project: 688516,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,COSMICC(2015), THALES [France], Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: Ethernet, Computer science, Optical Network on Chip, High Performance Computing, Silicon on insulator, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Photonic Module, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Silicon Photonics, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, High speed interconnect, Transceiver, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonic Integrated Circuit, 010302 applied physics, On-Board Module, Silicon photonics, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Electrical engineering, System-In-Package, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Scalability, Terabit, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Silicon Photonics Technology using sub micrometer SOI platform, which commercially emerged at the beginning of the century, has now gained market shares in the field of fiber optic interconnects, from Inter-to Intra-Data Center communications. With growing demands in terms of aggregated bandwidth, scalability, transceiver form factor, and cost, Silicon Photonics is expected to play a growing role, especially with the foreseeable need to co-package photonic transceivers with next generation Ethernet switches. This new paradigm will be possible only with an evolution of existing Silicon Photonics manufacturing platforms, in order to solve the challenges of 3D packaging, laser integration, reflow-compatible optical connectors and high efficiency, low footprint modulators. Achieving these challenges may pave the way to Terabit scale communications in Data Centers and High Performance Computing Systems (HPC).
Published: 2021
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30. A silicon nitride ISFET based immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha detection in saliva. A promising tool for heart failure monitoring

Author: Norman Pfeiffer, Abdelhamid Errachid, Albert Heuberger, Marie Hangouët, Francesca G. Bellagambi, Joan Bausells, Hamdi Ben Halima, Abdelhamid Elaissari, Albert Alcacer, Nadia Zine, Micro & Nanobiotechnologies, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), Centro Nacional de Microelectronica [Spain] (CNM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (Fraunhofer IIS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Information Technology (LIKE), The authors acknowledge the financial support of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Project NMBP−13–2017 KardiaTool (Grant agreement No. 768686)., European Project: 768686,KardiaTool, Publica, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Biosensing Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, medicine, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Saliva, Spectroscopy, Heart Failure, Immunoassay, Detection limit, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Chemistry, Silicon Compounds, 010401 analytical chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Cytokine, Silicon nitride, Heart failure, Cancer research, Biomarker (medicine), Tumor necrosis factor alpha, ISFET, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor
Abstract: International audience; According to the European statistics, approximately 26 million patients worldwide suffer from heart failure (HF), and this number seems to be steadily increasing. Inflammation plays a central role in the development of HF, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) represents inflammation gold-standard biomarker. Early detection plays a crucial role for the prognosis and treatment of HF. An Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) based on silicon nitride transducer and biofunctionalized with anti-TNF-α antibody for label-free detection of salivary TNF-α is proposed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for TNF-α detection. Our ImmunoFET offered a detection limit of 1 pg mL−1, with an analytical reproducibility expressed by a coefficient of variance (CV) resulted < 10% for the analysis of saliva samples, and an analyte recovery of 94 ± 6%. In addition, it demonstrated high selectivity when compared to other HF biomarkers such as Inteleukin-10, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, and Cortisol. Finally, ImmunoFET accuracy in determining the unknown concentration of TNF-α was successfully tested in saliva samples by performing standard addition method. The proposed ImmunoFET showed great promise as a complementary tool for biomedical application for HF monitoring by a non-invasive, rapid and accurate assessment of TNF-α.
Published: 2021
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31. Microfluidic In Vitro Platform for (Nano)Safety and (Nano)Drug Efficiency Screening

Author: Elisabeth Elje, Andrew Nelson, Sylvia Wagner, Thomas Velten, Alena Gábelová, Nikil Kapur, Thorsten Knoll, Sarah Spring, Hagen von Briesen, Margit Biehl, Peter Šimon, Oscar H. Moriones, Elise Rundén-Pran, Joshua Owen, Kristina Kopecka, Michelle Hesler, Neus G. Bastús, Miomir Todorovic, Espen Mariussen, Tibor Dubaj, Yvonne Kohl, Vladimir Ogourtsov, Nicola William, Maria Dusinska, Víctor F. Puntes, Publica, European Commission, Norwegian Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Institut Català de la Salut, [Kohl Y, Biehl M, Spring S, Hesler M] Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany. [Ogourtsov V, Todorovic M] Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland. [Puntes V] Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: técnicas de investigación::procedimientos analíticos con microchip::técnicas analíticas microfluídicas [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], Computer science, Microfluidics, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug efficiency, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Cell morphology, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Microfluidic platform, Investigative Techniques::Microchip Analytical Procedures::Microfluidic Analytical Techniques [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], Medicaments - Assaigs clínics, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Nano, Miniaturization, Barrier integrity, Animals, General Materials Science, Otros calificadores::/instrumentación [Otros calificadores], Interconnection, General Chemistry, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Microfluídica, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Investigative Techniques::Drug Development::Drug Evaluation, Preclinical [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], In vitro culture-on-chip, 0104 chemical sciences, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Other subheadings::/instrumentation [Other subheadings], técnicas de investigación::desarrollo de medicamentos::evaluación preclínica de medicamentos [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], (nano)safety, Drug development, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Miniaturized incubator microscope, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Microfluidic technology is a valuable tool for realizing more in vitro models capturing cellular and organ level responses for rapid and animal-free risk assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Microfluidic cell-based devices allow high-throughput screening and flexible automation while lowering costs and reagent consumption due to their miniaturization. There is a growing need for faster and animal-free approaches for drug development and safety assessment of chemicals (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical Substances, REACH). The work presented describes a microfluidic platform for in vivo-like in vitro cell cultivation. It is equipped with a wafer-based silicon chip including integrated electrodes and a microcavity. A proof-of-concept using different relevant cell models shows its suitability for label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. A miniaturized microscope within each module monitors cell morphology and proliferation. Electrodes integrated in the microfluidic channels allow the noninvasive monitoring of barrier integrity followed by a label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. Each microfluidic cell cultivation module can be operated individually or be interconnected in a flexible way. The interconnection of the different modules aims at simulation of the whole-body exposure and response and can contribute to the replacement of animal testing in risk assessment studies in compliance with the 3Rs to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments., T.K. and Y.K. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank Frank Bauerfeld for system assembly and electrical testing, Werner Haberer for assembly of the microfluidic cartridges, Axel Brenner for the fabrication of the silicon micro cavity chips, Hoffman La Roche for providing the Ro 19-8022, NorGenoTech for providing the Fpg enzyme, and Karen Steenson for proofreading. This research was funded by the European Commission under the Horizon2020 programme (HISENTS, Grant Agreement No. 685817 and VISION, Grant Agreement No. 857381); and by the Norwegian Research Council Norway (RCN) via the European Research Area Network (ERA-NET) EuroNanoMed II project INNOCENT (RCN 271075) and the ERA-NET EuroNanoMed III project Graphene-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (RCN 246672/O70). K.K. received Short Term Scientific Mission Grant (ID 42926) under COST Action CA 17140 “Cancer Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside” supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). E.E. received funding from the Norwegian Research Council (272412/F40). O.H.M. received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SEV-2013-0295-17-3).
Published: 2020

32. Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of finely grained Al2O3 coatings obtained by SPS and S-HVOF methods

Author: Hélène Ageorges, Paweł Sokołowski, Leszek Latka, Alain Denoirjean, Hanna Myalska, Filofteia-Laura Toma, Monika Michalak, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Fraunhofer Institute Material and Beam Technology [Dresden] (Fraunhofer IWS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Silesian University of Technology, IRCER - Axe 2 : procédés plasmas et lasers (IRCER-AXE2), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), and Publica
Subjects: sliding wear resistance, Materials science, microstructure, SPS, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Raw material, Indentation hardness, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0203 mechanical engineering, Coating, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Suspension (vehicle), Porosity, Thermal spraying, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Tribology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Al2O3 coating, engineering, microhardness, 0210 nano-technology, S-HVOF
Abstract: In this work suspension-high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF) and suspension plasma spraying (SPS) were applied to produce Al2O3 coatings using home-made and commercial available Al2O3 water-based liquid feedstocks containing 40 wt% of submicrometer-sized raw powders. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological performance of the suspension sprayed coatings with these two techniques. The microstructure of SPS coatings was slightly porous with fine particles of sintered, non-melted powders entrapped between the well melted lamellas. On the contrary, the S-HVOF coatings were very homogeneous in terms of morphology and of very low porosity in range of 1 to 4 vol%. With initial α–Al2O3 powders, it was possible to spray α-phase rich coatings, both in the case of SPS and S-HVOF, as determined by X-ray diffraction, with up to 47 vol% of α–Al2O3 in the S-HVOF coating and about 62 vol% in SPS one. The microhardness, adhesion strength and dry sliding wear resistance testing showed a good performance of coatings sprayed by using liquid feedstocks, especially the S-HVOF sprayed ones. Finally, the influence of feedstock characteristics and spray process conditions on the mechanical and tribological properties was analyzed.
Published: 2020
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33. Verification of deterministic solar forecasts

Author: Ian Marius Peters, Dennis van der Meer, Frank Vignola, Marius Paulescu, Christian A. Gueymard, Âzeddine Frimane, Hans Georg Beyer, J. Antonanzas, Jie Zhang, Stefano Alessandrini, Philippe Lauret, Sven Killinger, Tao Hong, Ruben Urraca, Viorel Badescu, Jan Kleissl, Yves-Marie Saint-Drenan, Carlos F.M. Coimbra, Richard Perez, F. Antonanzas-Torres, Yong Shuai, Elke Lorenz, Gordon Reikard, Cyril Voyant, John Boland, Hadrien Verbois, David Renné, Jamie M. Bright, Mathieu David, Dazhi Yang, Oscar Perpiñán-Lamigueiro, Merlinde Kay, Robert Blaga, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Research Applications Laboratory [Boulder] (RAL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [La Jolla] (UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Physique et Ingénierie Mathématique pour l'Énergie, l'environnemeNt et le bâtimenT (PIMENT), Université de La Réunion (UR), University Ibn Tofail, Université Ibn Tofaïl (UIT), Solar Consulting Services, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] (MIT-MECHE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre Observation, Impacts, Énergie (O.I.E.), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Oregon, Okayama University, Yang, Dazhi, Alessandrini, Stefano, Antonanzas, Javier, Antonanzas-Torres, Fernando, Badescu, Viorel, Boland, John, Zhang, Jie, and Publica
Subjects: Mean squared error, Computer science, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Forecast skill, 02 engineering and technology, Field (computer science), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Engineering, Affordable and Clean Energy, combination of climatology and persistence, Joint probability distribution, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Econometrics, ddc:530, General Materials Science, Quality (business), Reliability (statistics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, distribution-oriented forecast verification, media_common, Measure (data warehouse), Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Forecast verification, skill score, measure-oriented forecast verification, Built Environment and Design, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, solar forecasting, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The field of energy forecasting has attracted many researchers from different fields (e.g., meteorology, data sciences, mechanical or electrical engineering) over the last decade. Solar forecasting is a fast-growing subdomain of energy forecasting. Despite several previous attempts, the methods and measures used for verification of deterministic (also known as single-valued or point) solar forecasts are still far from being standardized, making forecast analysis and comparison difficult. To analyze and compare solar forecasts, the well-established Murphy–Winkler framework for distribution-oriented forecast verification is recommended as a standard practice. This framework examines aspects of forecast quality, such as reliability, resolution, association, or discrimination, and analyzes the joint distribution of forecasts and observations, which contains all time-independent information relevant to verification. To verify forecasts, one can use any graphical display or mathematical/statistical measure to provide insights and summarize the aspects of forecast quality. The majority of graphical methods and accuracy measures known to solar forecasters are specific methods under this general framework. Additionally, measuring the overall skillfulness of forecasters is also of general interest. The use of the root mean square error (RMSE) skill score based on the optimal convex combination of climatology and persistence methods is highly recommended. By standardizing the accuracy measure and reference forecasting method, the RMSE skill score allows—with appropriate caveats—comparison of forecasts made using different models, across different locations and time periods. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2020
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34. Membranes for zinc-air batteries: Recent progress, challenges and perspectives

Author: Fannie Alloin, Misgina Tilahun Tsehaye, Ramato Ashu Tufa, Peter Fischer, David Aili, Svetlozar Velizarov, Cristina Iojoiu, LAQV@REQUIMTE, DQ - Departamento de Química, Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (Fraunhofer ICT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 765289., and Publica
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Energy storage, Porous membranes, Electrospun nanofiber membranes, Zn-dendrites, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Ion-exchange membrane, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Zinc-air batteries, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Zincate crossover, chemistry, Physical Barrier, Electrode, Energy density, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Zincate
Abstract: Rechargeable Zinc (Zn)-air batteries are considered to be very attractive candidates for large-scale electricity storage due to their high volumetric energy density, high safety, economic feasibility and environmental friendliness. In Zn-air batteries, the membrane allows the transport of OH− ions between the air electrode and the Zn electrode while providing a physical barrier between the two electrodes in order to prevent electrical short circuits. The performance of this battery is greatly affected by the physicochemical properties of the employed membrane. However, the development of appropriate membranes has received insufficient attention. In this paper, an overview of recent developments and a critical discussion of the state-of-the-art studies focusing on membranes for Zn-air batteries are provided. The membranes are classified in seven categories, which are discussed in light of their structure, properties and performances in Zn-air battery. Moreover, membrane synthesis and modification strategies to minimize the crossover of zincate ions and formation/growth of Zn-dendrites are presented. Finally, the remaining key challenges related to the membranes and the most promising future research directions are provided. The main objective of this work is to provide guidance for researchers and industries for the selection and development of appropriate membranes with the ultimate goal of commercializing rechargeable Zn-air batteries. publishersversion published
Published: 2020
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35. Antibacterial properties of glycosylated surfaces: variation of the glucosidal moiety and fatty acid conformation of grafted microbial glycolipids

Author: Sophie Roelants, Claire Valotteau, Bernd Everaert, Niki Baccile, Wim Soetaert, Prabhu Dasaiyan, Susanne Zibek, Michael Günther, Claire-Marie Pradier, Vincent Humblot, Florence Babonneau, Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (LCMCP-SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (Fraunhofer IGB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Institut für Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie (IGVP), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory, University of Stuttgart, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) (LCMCP (site ENSCP)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Publica, Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Stereochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Glycolipid, Materials Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Moiety, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], biology, Chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Fatty acid, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Yeast, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Acetylation, Antimicrobial surface, 0210 nano-technology, Antibacterial activity, Bacteria
Abstract: Glycosylated surfaces can display antimicrobial properties. It has been shown that sophorolipids can be used to develop biocidal coatings against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, but with a limited efficiency so far. Therefore, it appears necessary to further investigate the surface antibacterial activity of a broader set of structurally related glycolipids.The present work explores the influence of the glucosidic moiety (gluco-, sophoro-, cellobio-)and the fatty acid backbone (saturated, cis or trans monounsaturated). We show that the fattyacid backbone plays an important role: cis derivative of sophorolipids (SL) grafted onto modelgold surfaces has better biocidal properties than saturated (SL0) and trans monounsaturated(SLt) molecules, which appear to be inefficient. The number of glucose units is also a key factor:a one-third decrease in antibacterial activity is observed when having one glucose unit (GL)compared to two (SL).Sugar acetylation (SLa) does not seem to have an impact on the biocidalproperties of surfaces. These results are not limited to sophorolipids, cellobioselipids (CL)leading to similar antibacterial observations.
Published: 2020
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36. NanoElectronics roadmap for Europe: From nanodevices and innovative materials to system integration

Author: F. Balestra, Enrico Sangiorgi, Didier Belot, Giorgos Fagas, Danilo Demarchi, R. M. Popp, M. Pfeffer, Anda Mocuta, Jouni Ahopelto, L. Baldi, Gustavo Ardila, Adrian M. Ionescu, D. Holden, C. M. Sotomayor Torres, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Montserrat Fernandez-Bolanos, S. De Gendt, European Commission, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Tyndall National Institute [Cork], IMEC (IMEC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology (Fraunhofer FIT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Project: 685559,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,NEREID(2015), Université de Padoue, Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Institute of Materials Engineering, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, and Publica
Subjects: Engineering, LETI, System design, Design-technology gap, Automotive industry, 02 engineering and technology, Grenoble INP, Novel materials, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Milano, Grenoble, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Beyond CMOS, ardilarg@minatecinpgfr L Baldi, Belgium, Materials Chemistry, More Moore, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Finland, technologies, 010302 applied physics, spintronics, Leuven, ta213, Heterogeneous integration, Tyndall, OtaNano, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, balestraf@minatecinpgfr, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, D Belot, Identification (information), Equipments and manufacturing, More than Moore, Nanoelectronics, Roadmap, F Balestra, Italy, Systems engineering, System integration, baldilivio@gmailcom, Consultant, France, 0210 nano-technology, Cork, IMEC, CNRS, Diversification (marketing strategy), 0103 physical sciences, DidierBELOT@ceafr G Fagas, georgiosfagas@tyndallie S De Gendt, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ta216, Ste- fanDeGendt@imecbe Keywords: Nanoelectronics, ta114, 9. Industry and infrastructure, business.industry, JouniAhopelto@vttfi G Ardila, IMEP- LaHC, U Grenoble Alpes, Systems design, Digital manufacturing, business, Ireland
Abstract: The NEREID project (“NanoElectronics Roadmap for Europe: Identification and Dissemination”) is dedicated to mapping the future of European Nanoelectronics. NEREID’s objective is to develop a medium and long term roadmap for the European nanoelectronics industry, starting from the needs of applications to address societal challenges and leveraging the strengths of the European eco-system. The roadmap will also identify promising novel nanoelectronic technologies, based on the advanced concepts developed by Research Centres and Universities, as well as identification of potential bottlenecks along the innovation (value) chain. Industry applications include Energy, Automotive, Medical/Life Science, Security, loT, Mobile Convergence and Digital Manufacturing. The NEREID roadmap covers Advanced Logic and Connectivity, Functional Diversification (Smart Sensors, Smart Energy and Energy for Autonomous Systems), Beyond-CMOS, Heterogeneous Integration and System Design as well as Equipment, Materials and Manufacturing Science. This article gives an overview of the roadmap’s structure and content., Thanks are extended to the support of the EU, which has been funded the NEREID project as a Cooperation and Support action for three years from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 685559.
Published: 2019
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37. Structural and thermal characterization of different types of cellulosic fibers

Author: Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan, Ralf Lach, Vimal Katiyar, Jyoti Giri, Rameshwar Adhikari, Jean-Marc Saiter, Sven Henning, Janak Sapkota, Tribhuvan University, Hochschule Merseburg, University of Leoben (MU), University of Dhaka, Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives (SMS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics - Ernst-Mach-Institut (Fraunhofer EMI), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati), and Collaboration
Subjects: Embryology, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Technology (General), [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Cellulose, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, lcsh:T, Natural fibers, Morphology, Electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Cellulose, food and beverages, Cell Biology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanocrystalline material, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, Microcrystalline cellulose, Cellulose fiber, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nanocrystal, lcsh:T1-995, Acid hydrolysis, lcsh:Q, Anatomy, 0210 nano-technology, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Micro- and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from wheat stalk (WS) using different thermomechanical and chemical treatments and characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction techniques. The virgin WS fibers were found to be structurally quite similar to the commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Similar to the commercial one, the MCC extracted from the WS possessed intense infrared (IR) peaks whereas those peaks became more broader in the nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) of the same origin, which can be attributed to possible breakdown of inter- and intramolecular H-bonding due to strong acid treatment of the MCC. Microscopic results revealed characteristic textures of the MCC and the NCC, the MCC being irregular bundles of the primary crystals bound together with the amorphous phase. The latter was found to disintegrate upon acid hydrolysis giving rise to the rod-shaped nanocrystals having much larger surface area and thus possessing more intense hydrophilic character. The MCC was found to be more stable than the NCC which can be attributed to the presence of protective and binding coating provided by the amorphous cellulosic matter.BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 177-186
Published: 2018
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38. Understanding Electromigration in Cu-CNT Composite Interconnects: A Multiscale Electrothermal Simulation Study

Author: Vihar P. Georgiev, Salim Berrada, Hamilton Carrillo-Nunez, Katharina Lilienthal, Kenneth B. K. Teo, Nicole Nagy, Marcus Wislicenus, Jie Liang, Aida Todri-Sanial, Benjamin Uhlig, Dipankar Kalita, Jean Dijon, Fikru Adamu-Lema, Bingan Chen, Hanako Okuno, Asen Asenov, Toufik Sadi, R. Ramos, Gonçalo Gonçalves, Jaehyun Lee, Reetu Raj Pandey, James Watt School of Engineering [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (Fraunhofer IPMS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Aalto University, Smart Integrated Electronic Systems (SmartIES), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Aixtron (UK), AIXTRON SE, European Project: 688612,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,CONNECT(2016), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Nanotube, Materials science, interconnects, Contacts, Resistance, Composite number, electrothermal, electromigration (EM), 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, Conductivity, DFT, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Electromigration, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], density functional theory (DFT), Thermal conductivity, self-heating, 0103 physical sciences, Multi-scale simulation, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Electro-thermal coupling, Cu-CNT composites, 010302 applied physics, Interconnection, Cu-carbon nanotubes (CNT) composites, ta114, Lattices, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Discrete Fourier transforms, multiscale simulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-heating, Interconnect, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we report a hierarchical simulation study on the electromigration problem in Cu-CNT composite interconnects. Our work is based on the investigation of the activation energy and self-heating temperature using a multiscale electro-thermal simulation framework. We first investigate the electrical and thermal properties of Cu-CNT composites including contact resistances using the Density Functional Theory and Reactive Force Field approaches, respectively. The corresponding results are employed in macroscopic electro-thermal simulations taking into account the self-heating phenomenon. Our simulations show that although Cu atoms have similar activation energies in both bulk Cu and Cu-CNT composites, Cu-CNT composite interconnects are more resistant to electromigration thanks to the large Lorenz number of the CNTs. Moreover, we found that a large and homogenous conductivity along the transport direction in interconnects is one of the most important design rules to minimize the electromigration.
Published: 2018
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39. Vertical Leakage in GaN-on-Si Stacks Investigated by a Buffer Decomposition Experiment

Author: Stefan Degroote, Farid Medjdoub, Joff Derluyn, Roland Püsche, Marianne Germain, Davide Benazzi, Sven Besendörfer, Riad Kabouche, Alaleh Tajalli, Matteo Meneghini, Idriss Abid, Elke Meissner, Enrico Zanoni, Matteo Borga, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Carlo De Santi, Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (Fraunhofer IISB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), 720527, H2020 European Research Council, Renatech Network, PCMP CHOP, European Project: 720527,H2020,H2020-NMBP-2016-two-stage,InRel-NPower(2017), Universita degli Studi di Padova, and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, Nucleation, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Trapping, Buffer trapping effect, Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), Vertical breakdown voltage, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Article, Stack (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, Breakdown voltage, lcsh:TJ1-1570, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, vertical breakdown voltage, Leakage (electronics), 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Control and Systems Engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, buffer trapping effect
Abstract: We investigated the origin of vertical leakage and breakdown in GaN-on-Si epitaxial structures. In order to understand the role of the nucleation layer, AlGaN buffer, and C-doped GaN, we designed a sequential growth experiment. Specifically, we analyzed three different structures grown on silicon substrates: AlN/Si, AlGaN/AlN/Si, C:GaN/AlGaN/AlN/Si. The results demonstrate that: (i) the AlN layer grown on silicon has a breakdown field of 3.25 MV/cm, which further decreases with temperature. This value is much lower than that of highly-crystalline AlN, and the difference can be ascribed to the high density of vertical leakage paths like V-pits or threading dislocations. (ii) the AlN/Si structures show negative charge trapping, due to the injection of electrons from silicon to deep traps in AlN. (iii) adding AlGaN on top of AlN significantly reduces the defect density, thus resulting in a more uniform sample-to-sample leakage. (iv) a substantial increase in breakdown voltage is obtained only in the C:GaN/AlGaN/AlN/Si structure, that allows it to reach VBD &gt, 800 V. (v) remarkably, during a vertical I&ndash, V sweep, the C:GaN/AlGaN/AlN/Si stack shows evidence for positive charge trapping. Holes from C:GaN are trapped at the GaN/AlGaN interface, thus bringing a positive charge storage in the buffer. For the first time, the results summarized in this paper clarify the contribution of each buffer layer to vertical leakage and breakdown.
Published: 2020
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40. ABC method for Hysteresis Model Parameters Identification

Author: Benjamin Straß, Bernd Wolter, Dounia Sedira, K. Jacob, Yasmine Gabi, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique et d'Electronique Industrielle, L2EI, [Université Jilel] (L2EI), University of Mohamed seddik Ben Yahia [Jijel], Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (Fraunhofer IZFP), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Publica
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Computer science, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Model parameters, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Control theory, Robustness (computer science), Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The paper deals with the application of the artificial bee colony (ABC) method for hysteresis parameters identification. For the first time, the ABC method will be applied on hysteresis model optimization. For this purpose, two hysteresis models are tested: the first is based on a physical magnetic material behavior, which is Jiles-Atherton and the second is simpler, Fröhlich hysteresis model built on mathematical considerations. This method’s robustness will be assessed, by comparing the experimental signals to model results.
Published: 2020
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41. Direct correlation of nanoscale morphology and device performance to study photocurrent generation in donor enriched phases of polymer solar cells

Author: Uli Würfel, Martin Pfannmöller, Sadok Ben Dkhil, Yatzil Alejandra Avalos Quiroz, Riva Alkarsifi, Sara Bals, Elena Barulina, David Müller, Christine Videlot-Ackermann, Olivier Margeat, Stephan Thierry Dubas, Claudia Caddeo, Pavlo Perkhun, Alessandro Mattoni, Jörg Ackermann, Noriyuki Yoshimoto, Tomoyuki Koganezawa, Birger Zimmermann, Daiki Kuzuhara, Chieh Luo, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), University of Antwerp (UA), European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016), Publica, and ANR-17-CE05-0020,NFA-15,Cellules solaires organiques à base d'accepteur non fullerène avec un rendement de 15% et une durée de vie de 10 ans(2017)
Subjects: additive, Fullerene, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Polymer solar cell, law.invention, PTB7:PC71BM, law, Solar cell, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photocurrent, business.industry, Physics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanoscale morphology, blend ratio, 0104 chemical sciences, charge transport, solar cell, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Transmission electron microscopy, Photovoltaik, Optoelectronics, nanoscale fullerene network, Polymer blend, Neuartige Photovoltaik-Technologien, 0210 nano-technology, business, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract: The nanoscale morphology of polymer blends is a key parameter to reach high efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Thereby, research typically focusing on optimal blend morphologies while studying nonoptimized blends may give insight into blend designs that can prove more robust against morphology defects. Here, we focus on the direct correlation of morphology and device performance of thieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene (PTB7):[6,6]phenyl C-71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends processed without additives in different donor/acceptor weight ratios. We show that while blends of a 1:1.5 ratio are composed of large donor-enriched and fullerene domains beyond the exciton diffusion length, reducing the ratio below 1:0.5 leads to blends composed purely of polymer-enriched domains. Importantly, the photocurrent density in such blends can reach values between 45 and 60% of those reached for fully optimized blends using additives. We provide here direct visual evidence that fullerenes in the donor-enriched domains are not distributed homogeneously but fluctuate locally. To this end, we performed compositional nanoscale morphology analysis of the blend using spectroscopic imaging of low-energy-loss electrons using a transmission electron microscope. Charge transport measurement in combination with molecular dynamics simulations shows that the fullerene substructures inside the polymer phase generate efficient electron transport in the polymer-enriched phase. Furthermore, we show that the formation of densely packed regions of fullerene inside the polymer phase is driven by the PTB7:PC71BM enthalpy of mixing. The occurrence of such a nanoscale network of fullerene clusters leads to a reduction of electron trap states and thus efficient extraction of photocurrent inside the polymer domain. Suitable tuning of the polymer-acceptor interaction can thus introduce acceptor subnetworks in polymer-enriched phases, improving the tolerance for high-efficiency BHJ toward morphological defects such as donor-enriched domains exceeding the exciton diffusion length.
Published: 2020
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42. Unravelling the water adsorption in a robust iron carboxylate metal-organic framework

Author: Norbert Stock, Dirk Lenzen, Dominik Fröhlich, Paulo G. M. Mileo, Cesare Atzori, Alexandra Lieb, Francesca Bonino, Stefan K. Henninger, Guillaume Maurin, Jakob G. Eggebrecht, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Private Practice, Private practice, and Publica
Subjects: Diffraction, adsorption chiller, Thermische Systeme und Gebäudetechnik, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, water management, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Carboxylate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, water adsorption, MOF, Thermische Speicher für Gebäude, Aqueous solution, Metals and Alloys, Sorption, General Chemistry, metal-organic framework, Wärmepumpen, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fe, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical engineering, chemistry, adsorption, Yield (chemistry), Ceramics and Composites, Gravimetric analysis, Metal-organic framework, energieeffizientes Gebäude, 0210 nano-technology, MOF, metal-organic framework, water adsorption, Fe, Lüftungs- und Klimatechnik
Abstract: A Fe-MOF was obtained from aqueous solution in high yield under reflux. The water sorption properties were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, volumetric and gravimetric sorption experiments and molecular simulations. The subsequent filling of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pores as well as the stability of the material are demonstrated.
Published: 2020
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43. Sources of parasitic features in the visible range of oxide transparent ceramics absorption spectra

Author: Xavier Mateos‐Ferre, Michael Katz, Pavel Loiko, Christope Coureau, Alexander I. Shames, Rémy Boulesteix, Jan Raethel, Adrian Goldstein, Publica, IRCER - Axe 4 : céramiques sous contraintes environnementales (IRCER-AXE4), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), SOLCERA, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (Fraunhofer IKTS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: spectroscopy, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, sinter / sintering, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, transition metals, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transition metal, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Spectroscopy, transparent ceramics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Transparent ceramics, business.industry, electron spin resonance, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Visible range, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: This research focused on the identification of parasitic signal sources introduced by sintering under reductive atmospheres of oxide transparent ceramics. The examination encompassed a wide set of materials, like Mg‐spinel, magnesia, alumina. YAG, yttria, zirconia and titania, so as to allow one to detect general rules if operating. The main finding is the dependence between the ability of such ceramics to generate, under reductive conditions, intrinsic parasitic light‐absorbing centers and their composition and structure. Thus it was determined that oxides based on transition element cations have ,in this sense, abilities not present in the case of oxides of elements from the main periodic table groups. The reason is the possibility of non‐absorbing transition cations to be reduced to oxidation states that absorb light. Drive toward reduced oxidation states is motivated by the stabilization energy associated with the ligand fields acting upon the such cations. It has been also found out that YAG lattice distortion, by dopants like tetravalent silicon or zirconium facilitates reduction of Y 3+ to Y 2 + (a light absorbing, d1, cation). Oxygen vacancies do not significantly influence visible light absorption. Carbon atoms penetrate inside ceramics, even dense ones and cause achromatic tints formation.
Published: 2020
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44. Sub-20 nm multilayer nanopillar patterning for hybrid SET/CMOS integration

Author: P. Brianceau, M. Rommel, Hans-Jürgen Engelmann, M.-L. Pourteau, J. von Borany, F. Laulagnet, Guido Rademaker, J.-A. Dallery, Ahmed Gharbi, L. Baier, Karl-Heinz Heinig, Raluca Tiron, Département Plate-Forme Technologique (DPFT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Vistec Electron Beam GmbH, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (Fraunhofer IISB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), European Project: 688072,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,IONS4SET(2016), and Publica
Subjects: Reactive ion etching, Materials science, Fabrication, lcsh:TK7800-8360, EFTEM, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Single-electron transistor, Characterization methods, E-beam lithography, Robustness (computer science), lcsh:Technology (General), Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reactive-ion etching, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Lithography, Nanopillar, business.industry, ICP-RIE, lcsh:Electronics, Single-electron-transistor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Multilayer nanopillars, CMOS, lcsh:T1-995, Optoelectronics, Si nanodots, 0210 nano-technology, business, Silicon nanodots, Critical dimension
Abstract: International audience; SETs (Single-Electron-Transistors) arouse growing interest for their very low energy consumption. For future industrialization, it is crucial to show a CMOS-compatible fabrication of SETs, and a key prerequisite is the patterning of sub-20 nm Si Nano-Pillars (NP) with an embedded thin SiO2 layer. In this work, we report the patterning of such multi-layer isolated NP with e-beam lithography combined with a Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process. The Critical Dimension (CD) uniformity and the robustness of the Process of Reference are evaluated. Characterization methods, either by CD-SEM for the CD, or by TEM cross-section for the NP profile, are compared and discussed.
Published: 2020
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45. ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production

Author: Thomas Heiser, Uli Würfel, Narayanaswamy Kamatham, Nicolas Leclerc, Stéphanie Ferry, Patrick Lévêque, Olzhas A. Ibraikulov, Stéphane Méry, Benoît Heinrich, Jing Wang, Markus Kohlstädt, Henan Agriculture University, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, polymères et materiaux de strasbourg (ECPM), Univ Strasbourg, Inst Elect Solide & Syst, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Imagination, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Chemical substance, Scale (ratio), media_common.quotation_subject, Photovoltaic system, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Chemical engineering, Fluorinated Polymers, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Science, technology and society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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46. Investigation of dielectric layers laser ablation mechanism on n-PERT silicon solar cells for (Ni) plating process: Laser impact on surface morphology, composition, electrical properties and metallization quality

Author: Etienne Drahi, Muriel Bouttemy, Varun Arya, Jan Nekarda, Pierre-Philippe Grand, Arnaud Etcheberry, Cécile Molto, Jung Eun Lee, Anne-Marie Goncalves, Solène Béchu, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Scanning electron microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, law.invention, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser ablation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Laser contact opening is a critical step for solar cells manufacturing and needs to be optimized to achieve high efficiencies. In this paper, laser contact opening using a picosecond laser (wavelength 355 nm, pulse duration 10 ps) has been carried out on n-PERT precursors composed of a SiOx/SiOxNy stack on the rear polished side and a SiOxNy layer on the front textured side. By varying peak fluence from 0.130 J/cm2 to 2.159 J/cm2 and spot overlapping, ninety parameters combinations have been tested to open these dielectric layers. Surface morphology characterization, before and after laser ablation, has been realized using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Bulk and surface compositions have also been investigated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis, respectively. Results have shown the existence of four separated laser impacted areas on the polished side and a related ablation mechanism is suggested. Also, electrical characterization using four probe measurements and calibrated lifetime photoluminescence revealed that electrical properties of the silicon underlying increased when post laser annealing was performed associated with no spot overlapping. Then, nickel electroless deposition has been performed and first characterizations indicate adherence issues and inhomogeneous metallization. Characterization of metallized samples revealed that these observations were closely linked to the non-homogenous surface morphology and composition after laser ablation.
Published: 2019
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47. A 19.9%-efficient ultrathin solar cell based on a 205-nm-thick GaAs absorber and a silver nanostructured back mirror

Author: David Lackner, Christophe Dupuis, Marco Faustini, Frank Dimroth, Stéphane Collin, Andrea Cattoni, Julie Goffard, Hung-Ling Chen, Nicolas Vandamme, BenoÃ®t. Behaghel, Gerald Siefer, Alexandre W. Walker, Romaric De Lépinau, Oliver Höhn, Nathalie Bardou, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System, FREIBURG, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), ANR-15-CE05-0026,NANOCELL,Nano-antennes pour la prochaine generation de cellules solaires(2015), and Publica
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, semiconductors, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nanoimprint lithography, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Solar cell, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, optical materials and structures, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Fuel Technology, Semiconductor, chemistry, solar cells, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Direct and indirect band gaps, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Conventional photovoltaic devices are currently made from relatively thick semiconductor layers, ~150 µm for silicon and 2–4 µm for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2, CdTe or III–V direct bandgap semiconductors. Ultrathin solar cells using 10 times thinner absorbers could lead to considerable savings in material and processing time. Theoretical models suggest that light trapping can compensate for the reduced single-pass absorption, but optical and electrical losses have greatly limited the performances of previous attempts. Here, we propose a strategy based on multi-resonant absorption in planar active layers, and we report a 205-nm-thick GaAs solar cell with a certified efficiency of 19.9%. It uses a nanostructured silver back mirror fabricated by soft nanoimprint lithography. Broadband light trapping is achieved with multiple overlapping resonances induced by the grating and identified as Fabry–Perot and guided-mode resonances. A comprehensive optical and electrical analysis of the complete solar cell architecture provides a pathway for further improvements and shows that 25% efficiency is a realistic short-term target. Ultrathin solar cells having thicknesses below 1 µm can still reach efficiencies comparable to their thicker counterparts, but require less material to manufacture. By exploiting light-trapping nanostructures, Chen and colleagues achieve GaAs solar cells with 20% efficiency at just 205 nm thicknesses.
Published: 2019
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48. Functionalisation of TiO2 nanoparticles with a fluorescent organosilane: A synergy enabling their visualisation in biological cells and an enhanced photocatalytic activity

Author: Karine Heuzé, S. Hackenberg, G. Le Bourdon, Sofia Dembski, Luc Vellutini, Emilie Genin, M. Kessler, Susanne Wintzheimer, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), university clinic wurzburg, department of oto-rhino-laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Würzburg, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (Fraunhofer ISC), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Publica
Subjects: cell labelling, Anatase, Materials science, Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Dynamic light scattering, Specific surface area, 0103 physical sciences, luminescence, Zeta potential, Rhodamine B, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, confocal fluorescence microscopy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010304 chemical physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Photocatalysis, silylated coupling agent, cytotoxicity, 0210 nano-technology, TiO2 nanoparticles, Biotechnology
Abstract: Nanoparticles, such as TiO2 particles, have a great potential for biomedical applications due to their ultra-small size and large specific surface area. However, their detection within cells is to date more than challenging. Thus, implementing fluorescence properties to nanoparticles via their controlled functionalisation with an organic chromophore is an original and efficient strategy to enable their visualization. In this work, a silylated coupling agent bearing a luminescent rhodamine B group was synthesised and grafted on the surface of anatase nanoparticles. The successful functionalisation was demonstrated via zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform analyses. Remarkably, the obtained luminescent TiO2 particles showed an improved photocatalytic activity compared to the pristine nanoparticles. Both, as-synthesised and functionalised TiO2 nanoparticles samples appear to be non-toxic towards malignant and non-malignant cells. Moreover, the detection of the functionalised particles within cultured cells was proven to be easy and efficient via confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Published: 2019
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49. Radiation Hardness of Ultra-thin GaAs Solar Cells with Rear-side Silver Mirror

Author: David Lackner, Karim Medjoubi, Oliver Höhn, Bruno Boizot, Jeremie Lefevre, Hung-Ling Chen, Romain Cariou, Frank Dimroth, Andrea Cattoni, Stéphane Collin, Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], business.industry, food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Trapping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cell technology, Silver mirror, 0103 physical sciences, Electron beam processing, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Radiation hardening, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: For space solar cells, thinner is better: indeed reducing the absorber thickness enables mass savings and radiation hardness improvements. However if the solar cells absorber thickness is simply reduced, the end-of-life (EOL) performance advantage of ultra-thin cells compared to bulk counterpart will only happen at very high fluences. By combining thinner absorber with efficient light trapping structures, ultra-thin solar cells can have superior EOL performances (efficiency, W/kg, W/m2) at moderate fluences. Recent advances have shown that ~ 200nm thin GaAs cells with a nanostructured back mirror can reach ~ 20% BOL efficiency. In this study, we review the potential of such ultra-thin GaAs cell technology for space applications. The first experimental results of 1 MeV electron irradiation tests on ultra-thin GaAs solar cells with Ag back mirror will be presented, and the radiation hardness will be compared with bulk GaAs solar cells.
Published: 2019
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50. A Survey of Carbon Nanotube Interconnects for Energy Efficient Integrated Circuits

Author: Toufik Sadi, Andrew Pender, Aida Todri-Sanial, Jie Liang, R. Ramos, Ken Teo, Nalin Rupesinghe, Benjamin Uhlig, Vihar P. Georgiev, Asen Asenov, Bernd Gotsmann, Campbell Millar, G. Goncalves, Hanako Okuno, Marcus Widlicenus, Jean Dijon, Fabian Motzfeld, Salvatore Maria Amoroso, A. Dhavamani, Katharina Lilienthal, Andrew R. Brown, Publica, Smart Integrated Electronic Systems (SmartIES), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (Fraunhofer IPM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), James Watt School of Engineering [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Synopsys Inc., IBM Research Laboratory [Zurich], IBM Research [Zurich], Aixtron (UK), AIXTRON SE, European Project: 688612,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,CONNECT(2016), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Interconnection, Circuit design, Nanotechnology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Integrated circuit, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, law.invention, Modeling and simulation, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Performance prediction, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Efficient energy use
Abstract: International audience; This article is a review of the state-of-art carbon nanotube interconnects for Silicon application with respect to the recent literature. Amongst all the research on carbon nanotube interconnects, those discussed here cover 1) challenges with current copper interconnects, 2) process & growth of carbon nanotube interconnects compatible with back-end-of-line integration, and 3) modeling and simulation for circuit-level benchmarking and performance prediction. The focus is on the evolution of carbon nanotube interconnects from the process, theoretical modeling, and experimental characterization to on-chip interconnect applications. We provide an overview of the current advancements on carbon nanotube interconnects and also regarding the prospects for designing energy efficient integrated circuits. Each selected category is presented in an accessible manner aiming to serve as a survey and informative cornerstone on carbon nanotube interconnects relevant to students and scientists belonging to a range of fields from physics, processing to circuit design.
Published: 2017
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