147 results on '"Conjugated Polyelectrolytes"'
Search Results
2. Associative Phase Separation of Aqueous π-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Couples Photophysical and Mechanical Properties
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Anna R. Johnston, Sarah L. Perry, and Alexander L. Ayzner
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Aqueous solution ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The associative phase separation of water-soluble polyelectrolytes is important across many different fields including food science, biomedicine, materials science, and prebiotic organization. Spec...
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- 2021
3. Red AIE conjugated polyelectrolytes for long-term tracing and image-guided photodynamic therapy of tumors
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Fan Xia, Hongming Yao, Shixuan Wang, Zujin Zhao, Jinya Yao, Jian Zhou, Jun Dai, Xiaoding Lou, Zixuan Wu, and Zeyan Zhuang
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Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,biology ,Biocompatibility ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Photodynamic therapy ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Fluorescence ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,HeLa ,In vivo ,medicine ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Robust photosensitizers with strong red/NIR fluorescence, efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high photostability are highly desired for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, three novel red conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with tetraphenylethene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole on the main chains and triphenylphosphonium on the side chains are developed. These CPEs display apparent aggregation-induced emission feature and high fluorescence quantum yields in the aggregated state. They can target lysosome in HeLa cells for fluorescence bioimaging. By virtue of the good retention effect and high photostability, these CPEs show ultralong-term tracing performance of subcutaneous tumors, and the tumor site can still be visualized for 20 days after injection. Owing to their good biocompatibility and strong ROS generation ability, the image-guided PDT based on these CPEs can effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumor and significantly prolong the survival of tumor bearing mice. The H&E and IHC staining reveal that the PDT of these CPEs depress the proliferation of tumor cells, and promote apoptosis and necrosis process. These new CPEs may be employed both as fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo long-term tracing and as photosensitizers for image-guided PDT of tumors.
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- 2020
4. Deciphering Structure–Functionality Relationship of Polycarbonate-Based Polyelectrolytes by AIE Technology
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Shunjie Liu, Fosong Wang, Enhao Wang, Jacky Wing Yip Lam, Ben Zhong Tang, and Xianhong Wang
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polymerization ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Polycarbonate ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes prepared from carbon–carbon coupling polymerization have difficulties in controlling the precision molecular weight (Mn), so that the effect of Mn on their performance r...
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- 2020
5. Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for FRET‐based Imaging of Cellular Membrane Potential
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Eunkeu Oh, Han Young Woo, James B. Delehanty, Van Sang Le, Okhil K. Nag, and Ji Eun Jeong
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Anions ,Patch-Clamp Techniques ,Fluorophore ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Membrane Potentials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Membrane potential ,Cell Membrane ,Depolarization ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polyelectrolytes ,Acceptor ,Fluorescence ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,HEK293 Cells ,Membrane ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,chemistry ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
We report a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based imaging ensemble for the visualization of membrane potential in living cells. A water-soluble poly(fluorene-cophenylene) conjugated polyelectrolyte (FsPFc10) serves as a FRET donor to a voltage-sensitive dye acceptor (FluoVolt™ ). We observe FRET between FsPFc10 and FluoVolt™ , where the enhancement in FRET-sensitized emission from FluoVolt™ is measured at various donor/acceptor ratios. At a donor/acceptor ratio of 1, the excitation of FluoVolt™ in a FRET configuration results in a three-fold enhancement in its fluorescence emission (compared to when it is excited directly). FsPFc10 efficiently labels the plasma membrane of HEK 293T/17 cells and remains resident with minimal cellular internalization for ~ 1.5 h. The successful plasma membrane-associated colabeling of the cells with the FsPFc10-FluoVolt™ donor-acceptor pair is confirmed by dual-channel confocal imaging. Importantly, cells labeled with FsPFc10 show excellent cellular viability with no adverse effect on cell membrane depolarization. During depolarization of membrane potential, HEK 293T/17 cells labeled with the donor-acceptor FRET pair exhibit a greater fluorescence response in FluoVolt™ emission relative to when FluoVolt™ is used as the sole imaging probe. These results demonstrate the conjugated polyelectrolyte to be a new class of membrane labeling fluorophore for use in voltage sensing schemes.
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- 2020
6. Novel benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes: synthesis, solution photophysics and fluorescent sensing of metal ions
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Lei Xu, Yuhan Wei, Xianyin Zeng, Qi Wu, Kuan Liu, Chenglei Li, Hanguang Wang, and Shengjiao He
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Benzimidazole ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,conjugated polyelectrolytes ,fluorescence quenching ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,stern-volmer plot ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Fluorescence ,benzimidazole ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:TP1080-1185 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,lcsh:Polymers and polymer manufacture ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,benesi-hildebrand plot - Abstract
Two benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (+)-PPBIPV and (-)-PPBIPV which have opposite charges on their side chains were synthesized via Heck coupling reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopy. These two polyelectrolytes are both consisted of benzimidazole derivatives and phenylenevinylene units. The absorption and emission spectra reveal that the polymers both have solvent-dependency and concentration-dependency, and they exhibit aggregation effect in aqueous solution. In the respect of ion detection, the aqueous solution of (+)-PPBIPV has excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+. Moreover, Pd2+ can almost completely quench the fluorescence of (+)-PPBIPV in methanol solution, and its quenching constant K SV is 5.93×104 M-1. For (-)-PPBIPV, Sn2+ can double the fluorescence intensity of its aqueous solution, while (-)-PPBIPV has good identification for Fe3+ in methanol with a K SV = 3.44×105 M-1. Hence, two polyelectrolytes have considerable potential to become effective fluorescent sensing materials for some specific metal ions. All of the stoichiometric relationships between metal ions and conjugated polyelectrolytes were calculated using Benesi-Hildebrand equation.
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- 2020
7. Conjugated polyelectrolytes as promising hole transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells: effect of ionic groups
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Ching-Hsiang Chuang, Ru-Jong Jeng, Pang-Hsiao Liu, Leeyih Wang, Syang-Peng Rwei, Wen-Bin Liau, Yi-Ling Zhou, and Shih-Hao Wang
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Conductive polymer ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Ionic bonding ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dielectric spectroscopy ,PEDOT:PSS ,Chemical engineering ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have developed as promising hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The conjugated backbone serves as an efficient vehicle for transporting holes, and the electric dipole layer formed through the organization of ionic groups on CPEs may improve the hole collection efficiency. In this work, three CPEs anchored with –N(CH3)3+, –SO3− and –NH3+ ions, denoted as BF-NMe3, BF-SO3 and BF-NH3, respectively, were synthesized and applied as the hole transport material (HTM) of inverted planar PSCs. Replacing the benchmark material, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), with the three CPEs as the HTM considerably improves the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The results from scanning electron microscope imaging, X-ray diffraction and time-resolved photoluminescence indicate that the structure of the ionic species rather than the type of charge has a decisive impact on the perovskite morphology. Both cationic BF-NH3 and anionic BF-SO3 layers enable methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) to grow into larger crystals and grains with fewer defects. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the BF-NH3 and BF-SO3 devices have comparable charge recombination resistance, which is apparently higher than that of the BF-NMe3 and PEDOT:PSS devices. Consequently, the cationic BF-NH3 can act as an excellent HTM as the anionic BF-SO3 and the champion cell based on BF-NH3 exhibits a superior power conversion efficiency of 17.7%.
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- 2020
8. Data driven discovery of conjugated polyelectrolytes for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications
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Fernando Ramirez, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Yangyang Wan, Gang Lu, Guillermo C. Bazan, and Xu Zhang
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Materials science ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Data-driven ,QA76.75-76.765 ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,TA401-492 ,Photocatalysis ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Computer software ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), comprised of conjugated backbones and pendant ionic functionalities, are versatile organic materials with diverse applications. However, the myriad of possible molecular structures of CPEs render traditional, trial-and-error materials discovery strategy impractical. Here, we tackle this problem using a data-centric approach by incorporating machine learning with high-throughput first-principles calculations. We systematically examine how key materials properties depend on individual structural components of CPEs and from which the structure–property relationships are established. By means of machine learning, we uncover structural features crucial to the CPE properties, and these features are then used as descriptors in the machine learning to predict the properties of unknown CPEs. Lastly, we discover promising CPEs as hole transport materials in halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices and as photocatalysts for water splitting. Our work could accelerate the discovery of CPEs for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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- 2021
9. Electronic Tuning of Mixed Quinoidal‐Aromatic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Direct Ionic Substitution on Polymer Main‐Chains
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Shu Wang, Nan Dai, Yi Liu, Christopher L. Anderson, Simon J. Teat, and Bo He
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Band gap ,Chemistry ,Cationic polymerization ,Ionic bonding ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Small molecule ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,HOMO/LUMO - Abstract
The synthesis of conjugated polymers with ionic substituents directly bound to their main chain repeat units is a strategy for generating strongly electron-accepting conjugated polyelectrolytes, as demonstrated through the synthesis of a series of ionic azaquinodimethane (iAQM) compounds. The introduction of cationic substituents onto the quinoidal para-azaquinodimethane (AQM) core gives rise to a strongly electron-accepting building block, which can be employed in the synthesis of ionic small molecules and conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). Electrochemical measurements alongside theoretical calculations indicate notably low-lying LUMO values for the iAQMs. The optical band gaps measured for these compounds are highly tunable based on structure, ranging from 2.30 eV in small molecules down to 1.22 eV in polymers. The iAQM small molecules and CPEs showcase the band gap reduction effects of combining the donor-acceptor strategy with the bond-length alternation reduction strategy. As a demonstration of their utility, the iAQM CPEs so generated were used as active agents in photothermal therapy.
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- 2019
10. Absence of Electrostatic Rigidity in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Pendant Charges
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Rachel A. Segalman, Glenn H. Fredrickson, Emily C. Davidson, and Scott P. O. Danielsen
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,Electron ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Delocalized electron ,Rigidity (electromagnetism) ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The delocalization of electrons in conjugated polymers impacts their chain shape, affecting their local ordering, self-assembly, and ultimately charge transport. Conjugated polyelectrolytes introduce electrostatic interactions as a molecular design parameter to potentially tune chain rigidity by combining the π-conjugated polymer backbone with pendant ionic groups. In conventional polyelectrolytes, the self-repulsion of the bound charges induce extended rod-like chain configurations. Here, we leverage small-angle neutron scattering to measure the chain shapes of model conjugated polymers in dilute solution with controlled fractions of randomly distributed pendant charges. We find these model polythiophenes are semiflexible, with a persistence length of approximately 3 nm, regardless of charge fraction, suggesting the effective absence of electrostatic rigidity in conjugated polyelectrolytes. While the overall persistence length is negligibly impacted by pendant charges, optical spectroscopy indicates that the pendant charges increase the backbone torsion between thiophene rings without significantly impacting the π-conjugation length (the length of electron delocalization along a nearly planar backbone) in dilute solution. These results indicate the effective decoupling of the pendant ionic charges from the overall chain conformation with implications for solution processing of organic semiconductors.
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- 2019
11. Polymer solar cells employing conjugated polyelectrolytes with different countercations
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Zhenguo Ji, Shi Yueqin, Jun Zhang, and Enxiang Yang
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Benzotriazole ,Polymers and Plastics ,Energy conversion efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Sulfonate ,chemistry ,PEDOT:PSS ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Counterion ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes based on benzotriazole (BT) and benzothiadiazole (BTz) alt unit with a pendant sulfonate ion but different countercations were synthesized and named PBTBTz-SO3Na and PBTBTz-SO3TBA. PBTBTz-SO3Na was used as a cathode interface applied to polymer solar cells (PSCs), and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/cathode interlayer/Al was set as a device structure. The PSCs displayed an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.7%, revealing an unchanged efficiency in comparison with that of the control device fabricated from a CH3OH interlayer. TBA+, a different counteraction, was used instead of Na+ to further study the influence of counterions on the electrical property of PBTBTz-SO3−. PBTBTz-SO3TBA was used as a cathode interface to fabricate two types of PSCs based on PTB7:PC71BM and PBDB-T:ITIC, and their improved average PCEs were 8.6% and 9.1%, respectively.
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- 2019
12. Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes
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Xi Zhang, Zhiming Chen, Xiye Yang, Xiao-Fang Jiang, Fei Huang, Qingwu Yin, Yong Cao, Xiaocheng Liu, and Hu Zhicheng
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Cationic polymerization ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular engineering ,Organic semiconductor ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Side chain ,Photocatalysis ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Organic semiconductors for photocatalytic application have received wide attention recently. However, developing organic photocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is a great challenge. Herein, we show highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from a series of novel conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) by modulating their interaction with co-catalysts. The water-soluble CPEs greatly enhance the photocatalytic performance with 50-fold improvement over that of their non-dissolved precursor conjugated polymer. More importantly, the photocatalytic activity of these CPEs can be optimized by regulating their interaction with Pt co-catalysts through molecular engineering on the side chain species and counterions of CPEs. The cationic CPEs perform better than anionic CPEs due to the robust interaction between quaternary ammonium side chains in cationic CPEs and Pt co-catalysts. It is found that the optimized interface contact between cationic CPEs and Pt co-catalysts can result in more efficient charge transfer and higher photocatalytic activity.
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- 2019
13. p-Doped Conducting Polyelectrolyte as an Anode Interlayer Enables High Efficiency for 1 cm2 Printed Organic Solar Cells
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Lin Xu, Bowei Xu, Sunsun Li, Qing Liao, Yunfei Zu, Jianhui Hou, Ye Xu, and Qian Kang
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Band gap ,business.industry ,Energy conversion efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Cathode ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anode ,law.invention ,chemistry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Manufacturing large-area devices through a low-cost and large batch printing technique is the key to the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the lack of printable anode interlayer (AIL) materials severely impedes the development of high-efficiency printed OSCs. Herein, we synthesize three p-type self-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), namely, PCP-B, PCP-2B, and PCP-3B, as printable AIL materials for fabricating high-performance and large-area OSCs. By increasing the number of benzene units in the polymer backbone, the work function of the CPEs was enhanced from 4.57 to 5.01 eV, and the optical transparency was also improved because of the enlarged polymer band gap. The improved photoelectronic properties as well as a good film-forming capacity make the PCP-3B an ideal AIL material to be processed by the printing technique. By using PCP-3B, a 1 cm2 printed device was fabricated in which all the functional layers, including the AIL, active layer, and cathode interlayer were processed by blade-coating, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67%. The PCE belongs to the highest efficiency at present for printable large-area OSCs, showing a promising prospect for the OSC mass production.
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- 2019
14. Poly(phenylene ethynylene) Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Synthesized via Chain-Growth Polymerization
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Kirk S. Schanze and Pradeepkumar Jagadesan
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Sonogashira coupling ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Poly(phenylene ethynylene) ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chain-growth polymerization ,chemistry ,Phenylene ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Alkyl - Abstract
This study examines the use of Pd(0)-catalyzed chain-growth Sonogashira coupling to prepare a series of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE)-type conjugated polyelectrolytes that feature alkyl sulfonat...
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- 2019
15. Thick polyfluorene-based polyelectrolytes realized by regulation of conjugated backbone as cathode interface layers for efficient polymer solar cells
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Jihui Han, Shaorong Huang, Lie Chen, Hui Lei, Feiyan Wu, Xiufen Jin, Yiwang Chen, Yongkang An, and Bin Huang
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Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Fluorene ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyfluorene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Side chain ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Polyfluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes as efficient cathode buffer layers have powerfully improved the device performance of polymer solar cells, but the p-type nature of backbones make them work efficiently only in very thin film (2∼5 nm). In this work, three new polyfluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes with self-doping effect, namely poly[(9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbromide)hexyl)fluorene-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PFTBT-NBr), poly[(9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbromide)hexyl)fluorene-alt-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (PFTDPP-NBr) and poly[(9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbromide)hexyl)fluorene-alt-N,N′-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-1,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic-diimide (PFTPDI-NBr) are designed and synthesized as buffer layer for PSCs. These conjugated polyelectrolytes have the same polar side chains, but differ in the conjugated backbones which are composed of fluorene alternated with different electron-withdrawing group, benzothiadiazole (BT), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and perylenediimide (PDI) respectively. The n-type polarity of the conjugated backbones is found to be substantially strengthened by varying the electron affinity and conjugated planarity of these backbones. As a result, employing these conjugated polyelectrolytes as cathode buffer layers for PSCs can effectively boost the device performance. Notably, an excellent thickness tolerance (∼30 nm) of polyfluorene-based polyelectrolytes, especially for PFTPDI-NBr, is achieved in the PSCs, originating from the higher electron mobility and conductivity, better interface contact between active layer and electrode, and favorable morphology of active layer.
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- 2019
16. Lithium‐Ion‐Based Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as an Interface Material for Efficient and Stable Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
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Guoli Tu, Jikang Liu, Rongwen Wang, Jian Zhang, Xiangfu Liu, and Junli Li
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,General Chemical Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Tin oxide ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Active layer ,Polyfluorene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Lithium ,Work function ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
An eco-friendly n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PFEO SO3 Li was synthesized and applied as a cathode interfacial layer in organic solar cells. The π-delocalized polyfluorene backbone has an intimate connection with the hydrophobic active layer, and the side chain with lithium ion may move toward the ZnO layer through the self-assembly property of conjugated polyelectrolytes. UV photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that modification with PFEO SO3 Li dramatically lowers the work function of indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO and may form strong interfacial dipoles between ZnO and the active layer. Meanwhile, introduction of lithium ions as spectator cations may contribute to reduction of the intrinsic surface defects of ZnO. The green emission in the photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO disappeared after modification with PFEO SO3 Li. In addition, the roughness of ZnO barely changed after coating with PFEO SO3 Li, and the surface became more hydrophobic, which demonstrates that the thin conjugated polyelectrolyte layer exhibits good adhesion with both ZnO and the active layer. These phenomena indicate that the introduction of PFEO SO3 Li makes ITO/ZnO an efficient cathode. As a result, inverted organic solar cell devices with ZnO/PFEO SO3 Li double-interlayers exhibit high efficiencies of 11.7 and 10.6 % for PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-T:ITIC blend systems, respectively.
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- 2019
17. Hole-transporting layer based on a conjugated polyelectrolyte with organic cations enables efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
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Luozheng Zhang, Baomin Xu, Chun Cheng, Xiongwei Zhong, Yanqing Tian, and Xianyong Zhou
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Photovoltaic system ,Energy conversion efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,PEDOT:PSS ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) ,Perovskite (structure) ,Diode - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been successfully applied in organic photovoltaics and organic light-emitting diodes, and recently those with inorganic cations became to serve as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (iPSCs), whereas the CPE HTL materials with organic cations are really limited. In this work, we design a CPE whose side-chains are end-capped by CH3NH3+ cations, the same cations as that in the perovskite layer. The CPE is found to be more compatible to the perovskite material, and shows stronger abilities to reduce the traps both at the surface and in the bulk of the perovskite layer, compared with the typical poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The resulting iPSC presents much improved photovoltaic properties and a better long-term stability, with a power conversion efficiency of 19.76%, which is the highest value ever reported for iPSCs based on CPE HTLs.
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- 2019
18. Benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes for interfacial engineering in optoelectronic devices
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Francesco Carulli, Umberto Giovanella, Elisa Lassi, Francesco Galeotti, Silvia Luzzati, Mariacecilia Pasini, Benedetta M. Squeo, Squeo, B, Carulli, F, Lassi, E, Galeotti, F, Giovanella, U, Luzzati, S, and Pasini, M
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conjugated polymer ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,POC-17 ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,interfacial engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,polyelectrolytes ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,optoelectronic ,Interfacial engineering ,polyelectrolyte - Abstract
Polar semiconducting polymers based on a conjugated polymer backbone endowed with chemically anchored polar groups on the side chains have proved to be particularly interesting as optimization layer at organic/cathode interface in optoelectronic devices. In particular, the pendant phosphonate groups impart water-alcohol solubility allowing easy solution processing, and improve electron injection thanks to both a favorable interfacial dipole of phosphonate groups and an intense coordination interaction between the phosphonate groups and Al cathode. In this work we synthesize alternating fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymers by proposing a post-polymerization reaction to insert the phosphonate groups. Thanks to this approach it is possible to use standard Suzuki coupling conditions, simplifying the process of synthesis, purification and characterization. The polymer Poly[9,9-bis(6′-diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)-alt-benzothiadiazole] (P2), is tested in conventional organic solar cells as cathode interfacial layers showing, with respect to the control device, an increasing of all the photovoltaic parameters, with a final power conversion efficiency that reaches 5.35% starting from 4.6%. The same trend is observed for multilayered polymer light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency of the P2-based PLED enhanced of 1.5 times with respect to the basic devices with bare Al cathode, and negligible roll-off efficiency. The synergic effects of energy gap modulation and of polar phosphonated pendant functionalities of P2 are compared with the corresponding fluorene-based polar homopolymer. Our results show that, not only a proper selection of side functionalities, but also the tailoring of the energy gap of cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) is a possible effective strategy to engineer cathode of different optoelectronic devices and enhance their performance.
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- 2019
19. Complexation of a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Impact on Optoelectronic Properties
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Glenn H. Fredrickson, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Rachel A. Segalman, and Scott P. O. Danielsen
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Conjugated polyelectrolyte ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Electrostatic assembly of conjugated polyelectrolytes, which combine a π-conjugated polymer backbone with pendant ionic groups, offer an opportunity for tuning materials properties and a new route for formulating concentrated inks for printable electronics. Complex coacervation, a liquid-liquid phase separation upon complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in solution, is used to form dense suspensions of π-conjugated material. A model system of a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly(3-[6'-{
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- 2019
20. Intercalation of conjugated polyelectrolytes in layered titanate nanosheets for enhancement in photocatalytic activity
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Jin Kuen Park, Hyun Jung, Joon Hyun Choi, Seong Won Hong, and Aran Kim
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Materials science ,Dispersity ,Intercalation (chemistry) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,Titanate ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Photocatalysis ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Photodegradation ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
Cationic π-conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) were successfully intercalated into layered titanate (TiO2), while exfoliated layered titanates were reassembled into lamellar structures. The resulting composites showed significantly enhanced visible light absorbance and enhanced photocatalytic activity with respect to layered titanate, which was proven by the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous media under irradiation by visible light. Notably, some amount of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) used for the delamination of a layered titanate could be co-intercalated with CPEs, and the residual TBA could be removed via continuously repeating the intercalation process, maintaining the spatial arrangement and content of CPEs in the confined area of layered titanates. However, with the presence of TBA, the hybrid demonstrated greater performance in the photodegradation of methylene blue at any given period of time and almost complete degradation of such dye within 8 min. The significant difference in photocatalytic efficiency with or without TBA suggested that the TBA effectively reduced the surface energy at the interface between the organic components and aqueous medium, which was evidenced by the dispersity assessment of hybrids with or without TBA.
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- 2019
21. Naphthalimide-containing conjugated polyelectrolytes with different chain configurations
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Chunyan Tan, Yunpeng Lu, Yu Chen, Yu Zong Chen, Yuyang Jiang, Ying Tan, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
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Polarity (physics) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Chain Configuration ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry [Science] ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Quantum ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules ,Organic Chemistry ,Charge (physics) ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,chemistry ,Intramolecular force ,Methanol ,0210 nano-technology ,Methylene blue - Abstract
Several donor–acceptor type conjugated polyelectrolytes containing naphthalimide are developed. Different polymer chain configurations of the backbones of polymers lead to different photophysical properties. The para-substituted polymers show extended conformations with quite low quantum yields in high polarity solvents because of twisted intramolecular charge transfer features, while the meta-substituted polymers can form helices and demonstrated significantly improved quantum yields in water and methanol, as well as achieving sensitive, ultrafast and ratiometric detection of trace methylene blue in water. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21572115) and Shenzhen Municipal Government (JCYJ20170817161303009) for financial support. Dr Y. Lu is thankful for the financial support from NTU, Singapore (MOE Tier 1 grant RG116/15).
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- 2019
22. Phosphonium-based polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolytes with different surfactant counterions: thermal properties, self-assembly and photovoltaic performances
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Sylvain Chambon, M. Chevrier, Roberto Lazzaroni, Niko Van den Brande, Sébastien Clément, Rachel C. Evans, Bruno Van Mele, Jurgen Kesters, Philippe Dubois, Thomas Arnold, Ahmad Mehdi, Wouter Maes, Sébastien Richeter, Judith E. Houston, Materials and Chemistry, Vriendenkring VUB, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Biology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Kesters, J [0000-0003-2095-8411], Houston, JE [0000-0001-5205-3620], Van den Brande, N [0000-0002-5324-6261], Chambon, S [0000-0003-0703-7407], Richeter, S [0000-0001-5284-0931], Mehdi, A [0000-0002-7830-2012], Lazzaroni, R [0000-0002-6334-4068], Dubois, P [0000-0003-1534-1564], Evans, RC [0000-0003-2956-4857], Maes, W [0000-0001-7883-3393], Clément, S [0000-0002-8473-8197], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons (UMons), Hasselt University (UHasselt), Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diamond Light Source Limited [Didcot, UK], Harwell Science and Innovation Campus [Didcot, UK], European Spallat Source ERIC, POB 176, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy [Cambridge University] (DMSM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), MEHDI, Ahmad/0000-0002-7830-2012, Houston, Judith/0000-0001-5205-3620, Arnold, Thomas/0000-0001-8295-3822, Van den Brande, Niko/0000-0002-5324-6261, and Chambon, Sylvain/0000-0003-0703-7407
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic solar cell ,conjugated polyelectrolytes ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Polymer solar cell ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Photoactive layer ,Materials Chemistry ,Phosphonium ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,surfactant counteranion ,Organic Chemistry ,organic solar cells ,self-assembly ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,thin films ,cathode interlayers ,Polythiophene ,Counterion ,0210 nano-technology ,Glass transition - Abstract
Phosphonium-based polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with three different counterions (dodecylsulfate, octylsulfate and perfluorooctane sulfonate) are synthesized to determine how the nature of the counterion affects the thermal properties, the self-assembly in thin films and the performance as the cathode interfacial layer in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The counterion has a significant effect on the thermal properties of the CPEs, affecting both their glass transition and crystalline behaviour. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies also indicate that changing the nature of the counterion influences the microstructural organization in thin films (face-onversusedge-on orientation). The affinity of the CPEs with the underlying photoactive layer in PSCs is highly correlated with the counterion species. Finally, in addition to an increase of the power conversion efficiency ofca15% when using these CPEs as cathode interfacial layers in PSCs, a higher device stability is noted, compared to a reference device with a calcium interlayer. (c) 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry This work was supported by the CNRS and the Universite de Montpellier. This work was also supported in part by the Science Foundation Ireland under grant no. 12/IP/1608. Research in Mons is supported by FNRS-FRFC (2Dto3D project - EOS programme) and Region Wallonne (OPTI2MAT excellence programme). The University of Mons and Hasselt University co-authors are grateful for financial support by the Science Policy Office of the Belgian Federal Government (BELSPO; PAI/IAP 7/05). JK is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen). NVdB thanks the Vrije Universiteit Brussel for a post-doctoral grant. The HINT COST action MP1202 and French-Irish programme 'Hubert Curien Ulysses' (31998ZF) are also acknowledged for support. This research has also been supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through the 'Research Infrastructures' action of the 'Capacities' programme (contract no. CP-CSA_INFRA-2008-1.1.1 Number 226507-NM13). We further thank the Diamond Light Source for beamtime at the I07 beamline (experiment SI13868) and TA Instruments for the RHC equipment. Clement, S (corresponding author), Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, ICGM, Montpellier, France. sebastien.clement1@umontpellier.fr
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- 2021
23. An n-type naphthalene diimide ionene polymer as cathode interlayer for organic solar cells
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Silvia Luzzati, Erika Kozma, Marta Penconi, Guido Scavia, Anita Andicsová-Eckstein, Helena Švajdlenková, and Roberto Sorrentino
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Control and Optimization ,Fullerene ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Conjugated polyelectrolytes ,Interfaces engineer-ing ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Naphthalene diimide ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,Polymer solar cell ,law.invention ,interfaces engineering ,law ,Thermal stability ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,N-type semiconductor ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:T ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Cathode interlayers ,Polymer solar cells ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Cathode ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptors have the advantages of synthetic versatility, strong absorption ability, and high thermal stability. These characteristics result in impressive power conversion efficiency values, but to further push both the performance and the stability of PSCs, the insertion of appropriate interlayers in the device structure remains mandatory. Herein, a naphthalene diimide-based cathode interlayer (NDI-OH) is synthesized with a facile three-step reaction and used as a cathode interlayer for fullerene and non-fullerene PSCs. This cationic polyelectrolyte exhibited good solubility in alcohol solvents, transparency in the visible range, self-doping behavior, and good film forming ability. All these characteristics allowed the increase in the devices’ power conversion efficiencies (PCE) both for fullerene and non-fullerene-based PSCs. The successful results make NDI-OH a promising cathode interlayer to apply in PSCs.
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- 2021
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24. Highly Effective Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers
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Virginie Bondu, Alison M. Kell, Eva Y. Chi, Florencia A. Monge, Patrick L. Donabedian, Pradeepkumar Jagadesan, Kirk S. Schanze, Linnea K. Ista, and David G. Whitten
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Materials science ,Light ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Polymers ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,conjugated polyelectrolytes ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Oligomer ,Article ,Virus ,photodynamic inactivation ,antimicrobial materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Humans ,Ammonium ,General Materials Science ,SARS-Cov-2 virus ,Vero Cells ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Treatment options ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Virology ,coronavirus inactivation ,0104 chemical sciences ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,chemistry ,Virus Inactivation ,0210 nano-technology ,Personal protection equipment ,Bacteria ,Research Article - Abstract
The current Covid-19 Pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus has proven extremely difficult to prevent or control. Currently there are few treatment options and very few long-lasting disinfectants available to prevent the spread. While masks and protective clothing and “social distancing” may offer some protection, their use has not always halted or slowed the spread. Several vaccines are currently undergoing testing; however there is still a critical need to provide new methods for inactivating the virus before it can spread and infect humans. In the present study we examined the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic conjugated polymers and oligomers developed in our laboratories as antimicrobials for bacteria, fungi and non-enveloped viruses. Our results show that we can obtain highly effective light induced inactivation with several of these oligomers and polymers including irradiation with near-UV and visible light. With both the oligomers and polymers, we can reach several logs of inactivation with relatively short irradiation times. Our results suggest several applications involving the incorporation of these materials in wipes, sprays, masks and clothing and other Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) that can be useful in preventing infections and the spreading of this deadly virus and future outbreaks from similar viruses.
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- 2020
25. Aggregation-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption of Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes
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Pradeepkumar Jagadesan, Kirk S. Schanze, Fude Feng, and Silvano R. Valandro
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Aqueous solution ,Chemistry ,Absorption cross section ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Two-photon absorption ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Phenylene ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Absorption (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The two-photon absorption properties of anionic poly(phenylene ethynylene)-type conjugated oligo- and polyelectrolytes are studied in molecularly dissolved and aggregated forms in aqueous solution. Several different polyvalent cations are used to induce aggregation. It is found that both materials in the aggregated form exhibit enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) and two-photon cross section (σ2) compared with the molecularly dissolved structures. The 2PEF and σ2 are unaffected by the nature of the polyvalent cation that is used to induce aggregation. The two-photon absorption cross section enhancement arises because of the increase in the difference dipole moment (Δμ) in the aggregates of the conjugated materials, an effect that is attributed to the introduction of charge transfer character into the aggregate excited state.
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- 2020
26. J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene with hydrogen-bonding capabilities due to 1,4-dioxane: Solution excitation spectra and fluorescence, morphology and surface free energy of films
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Sergio E. Domínguez, Timo Ääritalo, Pia Damlin, Antti Vuolle, Carita Kvarnström, and Ciarán Butler-Hallissey
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Isothiouronium ,Materials science ,Solvation ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Fluorescence spectroscopy ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Polythiophene ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This work presents solution- and solid-state evidence of the enhancement of J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene (CPT) with isothiouronium functionalities (PT1), caused by a decrease in the polarity and hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) capacity of the solvent, generated by using a 50:50 v/v 1,4-dioxane-water mixture (W-DI) instead of water. In solution, the presence of 1,4-dioxane (DI) seems to generate selective solvation, tuning the energy transfer within PT1 from inter-chain into intra-chain, enhancing J-like aggregation. On the other hand, during the casting process, the presence of DI directs the interaction with solid-substrates, generating an increase in the solid-state fluorescence, modifying the morphology from one similar to ballistic-aggregation (BA) into one similar to attachment limited aggregation (ALA), DI also modifies the SFE by increasing slightly its polar contribution (γSp) and decreasing the dispersive one (γSd). These results can be explained to be caused by a "coating" effect in presence of DI (as proposed before experimentally and computationally). Our results show a clear correlation between the solution- and solid-state properties of PT1 in each solvent, further validating the use of the fluorescence excitation spectra to trace J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymeric fluorophores in solution. This information could be useful for predicting and designing specific mesoscopic architectures of CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes in general), which are molecules lacking of clear structure-function guidelines for designing high-performance polythiophene-based interlayer materials, especially for CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in general), particularly those with H-bonding capabilities. To the best of our knowledge the use of solution-state fluorescence excitation spectra to identify J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) has been scarcely used/discussed in literature and no correlation with solid-state properties was reported previously.
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- 2020
27. Photostable and biocompatible AIE-active conjugated polyelectrolytes for efficient heparin detection and specific lysosome labelling
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Zeyan Zhuang, Zujin Zhao, Jinya Yao, Hongming Yao, Jian Zhou, and Yinan Wang
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Chemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Heparin ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biocompatible material ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Stain ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Labelling ,Lysosome ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Cytotoxicity ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A series of new conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with emissive tetraphenylethene-containing backbones and specific targeting pendants are synthesized and characterized. These new CPEs exhibit prominent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, high photostability and low cytotoxicity, and can efficiently detect heparin and stain lysosomes in living cells.
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- 2020
28. Synthesis and Characterization of Anionic Poly(cyclopentadienylene vinylene) and Its Use in Conductive Hydrogels
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Fan Liu, Andrew J. Boydston, Drew L. Sellers, Daniel C. Lee, and Suzie H. Pun
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Materials science ,Polymers ,Nanotechnology ,Cyclopentanes ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Article ,Mice ,Ring-opening metathesis polymerisation ,Animals ,Conductive polymer ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Doping ,Electric Conductivity ,Biomaterial ,Hydrogels ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,General Medicine ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Self-healing hydrogels ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
The use of π-conjugated polymers (CPs) in conductive hydrogels remains challenging due to the water-insoluble nature of most CPs. Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are promising alternatives because they have tunable electronic properties and high water-solubility, but they are often difficult to synthesize and thus have not been widely adopted. Herein, we report the synthesis of an anionic poly(cyclopentadienylene vinylene) (aPCPV) from an insulating precursor under mild conditions and in high yield. Functionalized aPCPV is a highly water-soluble CPE that exhibits low cytotoxicity, and we found that doping hydrogels with aPCPV imparts conductivity. We also anticipate that this precursor synthetic strategy, due to its ease and high efficiency, will be widely used to create families of not-yet-explored π-conjugated vinylene polymers.
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- 2020
29. Hydrophilic Conjugated Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
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Jia-Xing Jiang, Yuanqing Bai, Fei Huang, and Zhicheng Hu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Hydrogen ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Key point ,chemistry ,Green strategy ,Photocatalysis ,Hydrogen evolution - Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is viewed as a promising green strategy to utilize the inexhaustible solar energy and provide clean hydrogen fuels with zero-emission characteristic. The nature of semiconductor-based photocatalysts is the key point to achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Conjugated materials have been recently emerging as a novel class of photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic reactions due to their electronic properties can be well controlled via tailor-made chemical structures. Hydrophilic conjugated materials, a subgroup of conjugated materials, possess multiple advantages for photocatalytic applications, thus spurring remarkable progress on both material realm and photocatalytic applications. This minireview aims to provide a brief review of the recent developments of hydrophilic conjugated polymers/small molecules for photocatalytic applications, and special concern on the rational molecular design and their impact on photocatalytic performance will be reviewed. Perspectives on the hydrophilic conjugated materials and challenges to their applications in the photocatalytic field are also presented.
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- 2020
30. Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
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Seung-Hoon Lee, Sung Cheol Yoon, Seo-Jin Ko, Changjin Lee, Dong-Wook Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, and Seung Hun Eom
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Composite number ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Alcohol ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Polyfluorene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron-transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC
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- 2020
31. Specificity of Counterion Binding to a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte: A Combined Molecular Dynamics and NOESY Investigation
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Črtomir Podlipnik, Gregor Hostnik, Janez Cerar, Guillaume Mériguet, University of Ljubljana, University of Maribor, PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Polymers and Plastics ,02 engineering and technology ,Nuclear Overhauser effect ,Counterions ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Molecular dynamics ,Magnetic properties ,Materials Chemistry ,Side chain ,Molecular mechanics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ions ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Relaxation (NMR) ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Counterion ,0210 nano-technology ,Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
International audience; Poly(thiophen-3-ylacetic acid) (PTAA) is a representative of conjugated polyelectrolytes which are used in many optoelectronics devices. The performance of these devices is affected by the polymer conformation, which, among others, depends on the nature of the counterion. In this study, the binding of tetrabutylammonium counterions (TBA +) on PTAA was determined using a combination of nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It was found that TBA + ions specifically bind on the hydrophobic main chain of PTAA, while, according to MD simulations, alkali counterions predominantly bind in the vicinity of negatively charged carboxylic groups located on side chains. The MD trajectories were used to compute the relaxation matrices and the NOESY spectra. With the help of these latter calculations, the changes of intensities in experimental NOESY spectra upon binding of TBA + ions to PTAA were interpreted.
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- 2020
32. Conductive multilayer film based on composite materials made of conjugated polyelectrolytes and inorganic particles
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Boris Lakard, C.C. Buron, Sébastien Clément, C. Filiâtre, Ahmad Mehdi, F.E. Jurin, Nicolas Martin, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
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Materials science ,Inorganic colloidal particle ,Composite film ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Polystyrene sulfonate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,PEDOT:PSS ,Multilayer ,Zeta potential ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Surface charge ,Composite material ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,Conductivity ,Conjugated polyelectrolyte ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polythiophene ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Particle ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
International audience; Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conjugated polymer blend and a cationic poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based conjugated polyelectrolyte incorporating imidazolium ionic side groups were first adsorbed as monolayer on inorganic colloidal particles. At the plateau of adsorption isotherm, adsorbed amount of PEDOT:PSS on alumina particles appears lower than the adsorbed amount of P3HT on silica particles. Both polyelectrolytes strongly modify the surface charge of particles as reveals by zeta potential variation. Functionalized particles were then assembled using Layer-by-Layer method in order to prepare (PDDA/Al2O3-PEDOT:PSS)n and (SiO2-P3HT/PEDOT:PSS)n conductive multilayer film. Thicker PDDA/Al2O3-PEDOT:PSS films were elaborated when a drying step was added during the LbL build-up. The same effect was observed when composite particle concentration was increased from 1 to 10 g.L−1. Electrical behavior of film was completely modified in comparison with PDDA/PEDOT:PSS assembly. After heating at 150 °C, no conductivity was detected due to microcracks visible on SEM images. For SiO2-P3HT/PEDOT:PSS assembly, thickness is higher than for PDDA/Al2O3-PEDOT:PSS assembly using the same experimental procedure. However, even if two conductive polyelectrolytes were embedded into the film, conductivity was too low at 30 °C to be measured by van der Pauw technique probably due to the cracking of the film induced by incorporation of silica particles.
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- 2020
33. Aqueous Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization of 2-Bromothiophene Derivatives
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Han-Sheng Sun, Yi-Hung Liu, Kai‐Yuan Hou, Yu Ying Lai, Hau-Ren Yang, and Yu‐Jen Lin
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Pivalic acid ,Polymers and Plastics ,Dispersity ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Polymerization ,Gel permeation chromatography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,Molecular Structure ,Organic Chemistry ,Water ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Sulfonic Acids ,0210 nano-technology ,Palladium - Abstract
Aqueous palladium-catalyzed direct arylation polymerization (DArP) of 2-bromothiophene derivatives 6-(2-(2-bromothiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)hexyl trimethylammonium bromide (T1) and 4-(2-(2-bromothien-3-yl)ethoxy)butylsulfonate (T2) is achieved. The supporting ligand, triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (m-TPPTs), facilitates DArP of both derivatives; however, its separation from the polymers by dialysis is difficult due to its strong aggregation in water and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). This is supported by dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Pyrimidine-Pd(OAc)2 is utilized in the DArP of T1 to afford PT1 without ligand contamination. Density functional theory calculations to determine the coordinating capability of the carboxylate/pivalic acid/water to palladium indicate the viability of implementing DArP in water. Finally, polyelectrolyte molecular-weight overestimation by GPC in water is attributed to the polyelectrolyte effect. Aggregation of the conjugated polyelectrolytes leads to a contracted hydrodynamic volume, and the molecular weight and dispersity assessed by GPC in DMAc significantly deviate from the actual values. An objective approach to evaluate the molecular weight for conjugated polyelectrolytes requires further development.
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- 2020
34. Regulation of the Polar Groups in n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Electron Transfer Layer for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
- Author
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Feiyan Wu, Zoukangning Yu, Yinhua Zhou, Lie Chen, Bin Huang, Yun Tan, Lin Hu, Zhihui Liao, and Yiwang Chen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,Fluorene ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electron transfer ,chemistry ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,Polar ,Work function ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes based on n-type backbone (n-CPEs) were recently developed as highly efficient cathode interlayers for polymer solar cells (PSCs), but the relevance between structure and property of n-CPEs has not been fully understood yet. Herein, three new self-doping n-CPEs based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) alternated fluorene framework were reported. The effect of the number and location of polar groups on the properties of the new n-CPEs has been systematically studied. It can be found that the photoelectric properties of n-CPEs were sensitive to the number and location of polar groups. A tunable work function (WF), interfacial interaction, and conductivity of these n-CPEs can be readily realized by regulating the number and location of polar groups on the electron skeleton. The polar groups directly appending on the electron-withdrawing DPP unit can promote a stronger n-type self-doping and lower WF than the ones attached on the electron-pushing fluorene unit. Increasing the number ...
- Published
- 2018
35. Nearly 100% Photocrosslinking Efficiency in Ultrahigh Work Function Hole-Doped Conjugated Polymers Using Bis(fluorophenyl azide) Additives
- Author
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Cindy Guanyu Tang, Zaini Jamal, Hao-Yu Phua, Lay-Lay Chua, Rui-Qi Png, and Desmond W. Y. Teo
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Materials science ,Doping ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Overlayer ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Copolymer ,General Materials Science ,Azide ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Self-compensated (SC) hole-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes with high work functions can provide efficient hole-injection and -collection layers for organic and other semiconductor devices. If these films can be photocrosslinked, the semiconductor overlayer can be deposited from a wider range of solvents, enabling flexibility in device design and fabrication. However, a generic photocrosslinking methodology for these materials is not yet available. Here, we demonstrate that sFPA82-TfO, the recently developed bis(fluorophenyl azide) photocrosslinker that is also i-line compatible, can surprisingly give 100% efficient photocrosslinking for SC hole-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes, i.e., one crosslink per reactive moiety, using mTFF-C2F5SIS-Na, a triarylamine–fluorene copolymer, as the model polyelectrolyte, without degrading its ultrahigh work function of 5.75 eV. The photocrosslinking efficiency is much higher than in the corresponding undoped polyelectrolyte and nonconjugated polyelectrolyte films, wher...
- Published
- 2019
36. Polyion Charge Ratio Determines Transition between Bright and Dark Excitons in Donor/Acceptor-Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Complexes
- Author
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Timothy J. Magnanelli, Jamie D. Young, Carmen Segura, William R. Hollingsworth, Alexander L. Ayzner, and Arthur E. Bragg
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Exciton ,02 engineering and technology ,Photoelectric effect ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Acceptor ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Delocalized electron ,General Energy ,Chemical physics ,Energy transformation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Excitation - Abstract
There is substantial urgency to create artificial light-harvesting systems that are relatively inexpensive and capable of absorbing a significant fraction of the solar spectrum. Molecular materials possess a number of attractive characteristics for this purpose, such as their light weight, spectral tunability, and the potential to use self-assembly to form large structures capable of executing multiple photophysical processes required for photoelectric energy conversion. In this work, we demonstrate that ionically assembled complexes composed of oppositely charged conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) that function as excitonic donor/acceptor pairs possess 10 significant potential as artificial energy transfer antennae. We find that, upon complexation in water, excitation energy is transferred from the donor to the acceptor CPE in less than 250 fs—a timescale that is competitive with natural light-harvesting antennae. We further find that the state of CPE chain extension and thus spatial delocalization of th...
- Published
- 2018
37. Time-resolved emission microscopy of light-induced aggregation of luminescent polymers
- Author
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Trevor A. Smith, Jian Zhou, and Yang Xu
- Subjects
Luminescent polymers ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,Photon ,Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,Chromophore ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Microscopy ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Photon pressure has been used to induce the aggregation from solution of a series of photoluminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes containing tetraphenylethene units. These polymers show steady-state and time-resolved emission properties that are dependent on the local chromophore environment that can be influenced by the degree of intra- and inter-molecular interactions, which enables the photoaggregation process to be monitored by time-resolved fluorescence imaging techniques. Structural differences in the polymer lead to variations in the photo-induced aggregation behaviour.
- Published
- 2019
38. Electric-Field-Induced Excimer Formation at the Interface of Deep-Blue Emission Poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) with Polyelectrolyte or Its Precursor as Electron-Injection Layer in Polymer Light-Emitting Diode and Its Prevention for Stable Emission and Higher Performance
- Author
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Kuen-Wei Tsai, Yun-Chung Wu, Tzu-Hao Jen, and Show-An Chen
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,Fluorene ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,Styrene ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Side chain ,General Materials Science ,Work function ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes and their precursors as electron-injection layer (EIL) in polymer light-emitting diode have attracted extensive attention because they allow the use of environmentally stable high work function metals as cathode with efficient electron injection. Here, for the first time, we find that an undesirable green emission component (470–650 nm) in the electroluminescence spectra is observed during continuous operation of deep-blue emission β-phase poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (β-PFO) device upon introducing polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(6′-(18-crown-6)methoxy)hexyl fluorene] chelating to potassium ion (PFCn6:K+) as EIL. This phenomenon also happens to nonchelating PFCn6, poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)], or even nonemissive poly[4-((18-crown-6)methoxy)methyl styrene] chelating to K+ (PSCn6:K+). It can be ascribed to electric-field induction accompanied by thermal motion of a highly polar side chain in the polyelectrolyte leading ...
- Published
- 2018
39. Organic Light-Emitting Transistors with Simultaneous Enhancement of Optical Power and External Quantum Efficiency via Conjugated Polar Polymer Interlayers
- Author
-
Lorenzo Meazza, Mario Prosa, Francesco Galeotti, Umberto Giovanella, Margherita Bolognesi, Michele Muccini, Emilia Benvenuti, Stefano Toffanin, and Mariacecilia Pasini
- Subjects
organic light-emitting transistors ,Materials science ,conjugated polyelectrolytes ,Optical power ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,confocal microscopy ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Confocal microscopy ,General Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,Transistor ,conjugated polar polymers ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,electron injection ,Optoelectronics ,Polar ,Quantum efficiency ,buried interfaces ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) show the fascinating combination of electrical switching characteristics and light generation capability. However, to ensure an effective device operation, an efficient injection of charges into the emissive layer is required. The introduction of solution-processed conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) films at the emissive layer/electrode interface represents a promising strategy to improve the electron injection process by dipole formation. However, their use in optoelectronic devices also involves some limitations because of the ionic nature of CPEs. In this context, neutral conjugated polar polymers (CPPs) represent a valid alternative to CPEs because the conjugated backbones of CPPs are functionalized with polar nonionic side groups, thus avoiding ion-dependent drawbacks. By introducing a layer of polyfluorene-containing phosphonate groups underneath the metal electrodes, we here demonstrate a substantial improvement of the electron injection properties into the OLET-emissive layer and, accordingly, a more than 2-fold increased light power and a 5 times higher external quantum efficiency of p-type OLETs in comparison with reference devices without any interlayer. The great benefit of using a transparent glass substrate allowed to selectively investigate the morphological and photoluminescent characteristics of both CPE- and CPP-buried interlayers within complete OLETs by means of an optical scanning probe technique. This, together with a thorough optoelectronic characterization of the figures of merit of working light-emitting devices, allowed to disclose the origin of the improved optical performance of CPP-based devices as well as the operation mechanisms of the investigated interlayer in the corresponding OLETs.
- Published
- 2018
40. Enhancement of the air-stability and optimization of VOC by changing molecular conformation of polyelectrolytes
- Author
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Min-Hee Choi, Eui Jin Lee, Doo Kyung Moon, and Yong Woon Han
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dipole ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,PEDOT:PSS ,Chemical engineering ,Thiophene ,0210 nano-technology ,Solution process - Abstract
Three conjugated polyelectrolytes(CPEs) based on thiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 2,2'-bithiophene were designed and synthesized. The CPEs were successfully incorporated into polymer solar cells as pH-neutral hole-transporting layer(HTL) via solution process. The interfacial dipole and work function(WF) of CPE-coated ITO were controlled by the dipole moment of the polymer, which was in turn determined by the stereochemical properties of the molecular structure. CPE-coated ITOs showed sequentially stronger dipole moments due to an increase in the electrostatic repulsion in the molecules. The PCE of device with PFT as the HTL was maintained accompanied by 16% decrease when PEDOT:PSS-based device decreased over 50%.
- Published
- 2018
41. Phosphonium conjugated polyelectrolytes as interface materials for efficient polymer solar cells
- Author
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Fei Huang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Dong, Chunhui Duan, Lei Ying, Nannan Zheng, Zhicheng Hu, Zhiming Chen, and Yong Cao
- Subjects
Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Polymer solar cell ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,Thermal stability ,Phosphonium ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dopant ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Electrode ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A series of cationic phosphonium-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPCPs, named as PFP-F, PFP-Cl, PFP-Br, PFP-I) with different counteranion were developed as individual cathode interface material and ZnO dopant for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The CPCPs are soluble in environmentally friendly polar solvents, which is beneficial to fabricating multilayer organic optoelectronic devices. Besides, the CPCPs show better thermal stability than traditional quaternary ammonium salt-based conjugated polyelectrolytes. The CPCPs perform efficiently as electrode modifiers to lower the work function of metal electrode and possess capability to n-dope PC71BM, both of which contribute to the improved performance of polymer solar cells. Significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency from 6.3% to >9.0% were achieved by employing a thin layer of CPCP between active layer and Al electrode in polymer solar cells with conventional device structure. Moreover, the CPCPs can be used as dopants to ZnO. The formed ZnO:CPCP hybrids can improve the interface contact between bottom contacts and active layer in inverted solar cells, resulting in improved performance.
- Published
- 2018
42. Meta-linked cationic poly(pyridinylene vinylene) conjugated polyelectrolytes: solution photophysics and fluorescent sensing of metal ions
- Author
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Chenglei Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Hu Zijun, Xueyu Jiang, Qi Wu, Yifeng Ni, Kuan Liu, Xianyin Zeng, and Li Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,General Chemical Engineering ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,Cationic polymerization ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Two novel poly(pyridinylene vinylene) (PPV)-type conjugated polyelectrolytes 2,6-PPYPV-(2+) and 3,5-PPYPV-(2+) were synthesized via Heck coupling reaction and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The two polymers consisting of meta-position substituted pyridinylenes as the metal recognition unit and a water-soluble divinyl-benzene derivative in the backbones. 2,6-PPYPV-(2+) and 3,5-PPYPV-(2+) both exhibit strongest fluorescence in methanol and weakest fluorescence in water among common polar solvents. In respect of ion detection, 3,5-PPYPV-(2+) has an excellent identifiability for Pd2+ in methanol with the K_SV value of 1.1×105 m −1 while 2,6-PPYPV-(2+) has a good selectivity for Cu2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous solution. And all the Stern-Volmer plots of 2,6-PPYPV-(2+) and 3,5-PPYPV-(2+) in fluorescence quenching for metal ions have favorable tendencies. All the results suggest that 2,6-PPYPV-(2+) and 3,5-PPYPV-(2+) are promising materials in the applications of high performance chemosensors for some specific metal ions.
- Published
- 2018
43. Combination of phosphonium and ammonium pendant groups in cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymer chains
- Author
-
Vladimír Sedlařík, Jiří Vohlídal, Sviatoslav Hladysh, Jiří Zedník, David Havlíček, Miroslav Štěpánek, and Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Cationic polymerization ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Bromide ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Thiophene ,Polythiophene ,Phosphonium ,0210 nano-technology ,Phosphine - Abstract
A series of novel polythiophene-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes with phosphonium and ammonium pendants were prepared by modifying regioregular poly[3-(6-bromohexyl)thiophene] using a simple quaternization reaction with appropriate phosphine or amine. Partial transformation of the bromide end-groups of the polymer precursor with amine allowed adding the phosphine agent, thereby enabling quantitative transformation into a novel conjugated polyelectrolyte with phosphonium and ammonium groups in the same polymer main-chains. The properties of the synthesized polyelectrolytes in solution (water, methanol, DMSO and chloroform) were analyzed by UV/vis, luminescence, NMR, light scattering and TGA measurements. To test the prepared polyelectrolytes as potential luminescence sensors, fluorescence quenching measurements were performed in water, using K4[Fe(CN)6] and K3[Fe(CN)6] as quenchers. This study showed that polyelectrolytes containing both types of ionic pendant groups (phosphonium and ammonium) are more efficiently quenched.
- Published
- 2018
44. 16% efficient silicon/organic heterojunction solar cells using narrow band-gap conjugated polyelectrolytes based low resistance electron-selective contacts
- Author
-
Pingqi Gao, Jichun Ye, Wenjun Zhang, and Jian He
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,Passivation ,Silicon ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,Hybrid solar cell ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,Diffusion layer ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Dopant-free silicon (Si)/organic heterojunction solar cells (HSCs) have drawn much attention due to their immense potential in achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with simple device architectures and fabrication procedures. However, unsatisfied rear-contacts severely hinder further improvement in PCEs for these promising HSCs. Exploring effective cathodic interfacial materials with low temperature fabrication to replace conventional diffusion layer shows the extremely importance of technical innovation. Here, poly[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-ethylhexyl-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-4,6-diyl] (PTB7)-based narrow band-gap conjugated polyelectrolytes, PTB7-NBr and PTB7-NSO3, are firstly employed as effective cathodic interfacial materials in Si/organic HSCs to improve the passivation and electron transporting property at n-Si/Al interface. The low-temperature proceeded electron-selective contact of n-Si/PTB7-NBr/Al gives a contact resistivity as low as 6.7 ± 0.8 mΩ cm2, upon it a remarkable PCE of 16.0% is finally obtained from a completely dopant-free Si/organic HSC. The understanding of conjugated polyelectrolytes on interfacial modification may lead a path to fabricate high performance Si/organic heterojunction devices with efficient charge transfer process at a simplified fabrication process.
- Published
- 2018
45. Effects of pH on the photophysics of conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes
- Author
-
Pamela Schleissner and Alexander L. Ayzner
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,Protonation ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Acceptor ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,Deprotonation ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
We have previously reported the formation of complexes between oppositely charged, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPECs), resulting in electronic energy transfer between the donor and acceptor components. The ionic self-assembly process that forms CPECs is heavily influenced by environmental circumstances including solvent composition, temperature, and pH. In this article, we report the effect of polyelectrolyte chain protonation on complex formation and resulting energy transfer. The particular polyelectrolytes used in this study were a pH inactive energy donor and an acceptor polymer with protonatable sidechains. We find that over a large range of acidic pH, the optical properties do not change appreciably up to precipitation (pH 3). Surprisingly in the basic regime where the acceptor polymer is fully deprotonated, complex formation is hindered. However, at pH 11, which corresponds to an excess ion concentration of 0.001 M, the photophysical properties of the complex begin to once again resemble that of the neutral or acidic environments. Our results show that the CPEC displays impressive stability over a relatively broad range of proton concentrations, which may have implications for the construction of supramolecular light-harvesting assemblies.
- Published
- 2018
46. Photophysics and phosphate fluorescence sensing by poly(phenylene ethynylene) conjugated polyelectrolytes with branched ammonium side groups
- Author
-
Kirk S. Schanze, Rajendra Acharya, Shanshan Wang, and Zhiliang Li
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Quenching (fluorescence) ,Cationic polymerization ,Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Pyrophosphate ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phenylene ,Materials Chemistry ,Side chain ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been applied as sensors for various small molecules and ions including biologically important ions. Here we report the synthesis of two different polyphenylene ethynylene (PPE) type cationic CPEs and studied their biologically important phosphate ion sensing properties. These CPEs are substituted with branched polyammonium units; polymer P-O-3 features an –O–CH2– linker between phenylene units and the cationic side chains, whereas P-C-3 has an –CH2– linker. The different linkers lead to a difference in intrinsic tendency of the CPEs to aggregate in water. We report amplified fluorescence quenching, Stern–Volmer constants (Ksv), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and different anion sensor response of the polymers. The investigation of these two CPEs for anion sensing reveals that they are considerably more sensitive to di-phosphonates than to di-carboxylates or di-sulfonates. Fluorescence quenching is a result of polymer aggregate formation due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen-bonding between dianions and the cationic CPEs. Polymer P-C-3, which has lower tendency to aggregate in water, was found to be a more efficient sensor than P-O-3 for PPi and ATP. Stern–Volmer quenching constants (Ksv) of P-C-3 by PPi and ATP are greater than 105 M−1. Furthermore, a real-time fluorescence assay for ALP-catalyzed hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi) is demonstrated.
- Published
- 2018
47. Highly sensitive detection of nucleic acids using a cascade amplification strategy based on exonuclease III-assisted target recycling and conjugated polyelectrolytes
- Author
-
Lianhui Wang, Bingbing Gu, Peng Su, Yunfei Liu, Jia Chen, Biqing Bao, Yanrui Pan, Li Tong, and Yu Xu
- Subjects
Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Limit of Detection ,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ,Electrochemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Exonuclease III ,Detection limit ,biology ,Chemistry ,DNA ,Nucleic acid amplification technique ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polyelectrolytes ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Exodeoxyribonucleases ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,Nucleic acid ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Biosensor - Abstract
In this paper, a novel ratiometric and cascade amplification strategy was developed by combining the unique signal amplification and effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) property of conjugated polymers with the Exo III-assisted target recycling method. The target DNA (ssDNAc) could be hybridized with the duplex-stranded probe to trigger the cyclic digestion of the probe strands and lead to the continuous release of fluorescein from the probe. The proposed strategy thus shows enhanced sensitivity toward target DNA with a detection limit of 0.38 nM, which is more sensitive than the previously reported comparable biosensors based on conjugated polyelectrolytes. Furthermore, this method exhibited an improved performance to discriminate single mismatched targets through an efficient FRET-based ratiometric detection method using a conjugated polymer as a donor and an optical transducer. More importantly, this cascade amplification approach offers the advantages of simplicity, which avoids multiple utilization of probes and complex assay steps required in traditional amplification methods.
- Published
- 2018
48. Conjugated ionic (co)polythiophene-based cathode interlayers for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
- Author
-
Bruno Van Mele, Sanne Govaerts, Jurgen Kesters, Dirk Vanderzande, Wouter Maes, Huguette Penxten, Maxime Defour, Shova Neupane, Frank Uwe Renner, Laurence Lutsen, GOVAERTS, Sanne, KESTERS, Jurgen, Defour, Maxime, Van Mele, Bruno, PENXTEN, Huguette, NEUPANE, Shova, RENNER, Frank, LUTSEN, Laurence, VANDERZANDE, Dirk, and MAES, Wouter
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic solar cell ,Organic Chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Ionic bonding ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Side chain ,Copolymer ,Polythiophene ,Conjugated polyelectrolytes ,Polymer solar cells ,Interfacial materials ,Topology ,Structure-property relationships ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The incorporation of conjugated polyelectrolytes as cathode interlayers in organic photovoltaics has been proven to be an effective way to boost the device efficiency. Nevertheless, more detailed investigations of the structure property relationships of these interlayer materials, in particular related to the film deposition behavior, can provide further insights into their mode of action. With this aim, a series of ionic (co)polythiophenes is successfully synthesized via Kumada catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization and subsequent introduction of ionic moieties on the polymer side chains. Both the topology (i.e. homopolymers, random and block copolymers) and the amount of ionic groups are systematically varied. The polymers are fully characterized and then applied as cathode interlayers in polymer solar cells based on PCDTBT:PC71BM, affording an average efficiency increase of similar to 15%. The structural screening on one hand indicates that the efficiency gain is a rather general phenomenon for this material class. On the other hand, the best photovoltaic responses are observed for the conjugated polyelectrolytes with a higher triethylene glycol side chain ratio and the block copolymer structure performs slightly better as compared to the random copolymer with the same (50/50) monomer ratio. Based on these findings, the field can move on to a more rational development of novel interfacial materials and thereby push the device efficiency even further. This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) (project G.0415.14N and postdoctoral fellowship J.K.). S.G. acknowledges Hasselt University for her (BOF) doctoral grant. TA Instruments is acknowledged for the RHC equipment.
- Published
- 2017
49. Mixed conductivity of polythiophene-based ionic polymers under controlled conditions
- Author
-
Joachim Maier, M. Katzmaier, P. Reinold, Roman Tkachov, P. Gutbrod, Sabine Ludwigs, and Rotraut Merkle
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Organic Chemistry ,Inorganic chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dielectric spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate ,Materials Chemistry ,Polythiophene ,Ionic conductivity ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The mixed conductivity behavior of polythiophene-based anionic and cationic polymers is studied under controlled atmospheres in this contribution. The conjugated polyelectrolytes are based on regioregular polythiophene backbones with either pendant sulfonate anions or imidazolium cations with counterbalancing tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and bromide anions, respectively. Direct current, four-point-probe measurements and impedance spectroscopy are performed to separate electronic and ionic conductivity. Optical absorption spectroscopy is used to make statements about the aggregation of the polymer chains and to visualize the electronic doping behavior. Similar to a pure conjugated polymer such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) the electronic conductivity can be tuned over a wide range from below 10−6 S/cm to 2.2 S/cm by external doping with the strong electron acceptor F4TCNQ by sequential solution doping. The ionic conductivity on the other hand is shown to be strongly dependent on the degree of water uptake. We show that values of up to 10−2 S/cm with effective ionic mobilities in the order of 10−8-10−7 cm2/(Vs) can be reached.
- Published
- 2017
50. Synthesis and characterization of polyelectrolytes based on benzotriazole backbone
- Author
-
Lihui Song, Jun Zhang, Shi Yueqin, Ziyi Ge, Kong Yaguang, and Zhenguo Ji
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Benzotriazole ,Polymers and Plastics ,Absorption spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Conjugated Polyelectrolytes ,Polyelectrolyte ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Polymerization ,Dynamic light scattering ,chemistry ,Suzuki reaction ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Suzuki coupling and Ni-catalyzed Yamamoto polymerizations were used to prepare conjugated polyelectrolytes based on n-type benzothiadiazole and benzotriazole unit backbone via a one-step synthesis, which started from their monomers with charged pendant ends. PBTBTz-SO3Na synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization showed a high M n value of 94 kDa, starting from the bilateral brominated benzotriazole and diboronic ester benzothiadiazole. The PBTBTz-SO3Na revealed aggregation phenomenon at the status of diluted solutions at optical absorption spectroscopy results. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement provided evidence of negative solvatochromic effects of PBTBTz-SO3Na chains in solvents with lower polarity. While, PBTz-PyrBr, PBTz-TMABr, and PBTz-SO3Na which synthesized from Ni-catalyzed Yamamoto polymerizations of bilateral brominated benzotriazole units revealed higher molecular weight with PBTz-PyrBr, M n = 112 kDa; PBTz-TMABr, M n = 157 kDa; and PBTz-SO3Na, M n = 172 kDa, respectively. The ionic pendant groups of monomers have influence on the molecular weight of polymer based on benzotriazole backbone. The optical absorption spectroscopy and DLS measurements presented the negative solvatochromic effects of cationic-CPEs, PBTz-PyrBr, and PBTz-TMABr. Moreover, the UV-vis absorption of PBTz-TMABr displayed higher wavelength of solution (0.0167 mg/mL) than that of film, which was coated from its solution with concentration of 5 mg/mL. These studies displayed insights into the role of pendant ionic functionalities on the molecular weight and optoelectronic properties of the CPEs, which may find application in optoelectronic devices.
- Published
- 2017
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