Author: "García López, R. J." / Topic: 0103 physical sciences - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, Leila, Behlmann, M., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, Manbing, Li, Q., Li, Sichen, Beranek, B., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Berdugo, J., Lübelsmeyer, Klaus, Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, Fabian, Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Bertucci, B., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, Nikolay, Bindi, V., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Bollweg, K., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Borgia, B., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, Stefan, Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, Georg, Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Boschini, M. J., Siedenburg, Thorsten, Solano, C., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, Robin, Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Bourquin, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Bueno, E. F., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Ambrosi, G., Burger, J., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Burger, W. J., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Burmeister, S., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, Valery, Zichichi, A., Cai, X. D., Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration, Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Arruda, L., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, Sofia, Choutko, V., Chung, Chan Hoon, Clark, C., Coignet, G., Attig, N., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Barao, F., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Barrin, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, Henning, Gervasi, M., Bartoloni, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Battiston, R., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Thomas, Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AMS, Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagoz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L.A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M.J., Bourquin M., Bueno E.F., Burger J., Burger W.J., Burmeister S., Cai X.D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y.H., Chen G.M., Chen G.R., Chen H.S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H.Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C.H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M.B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R.J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D.M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K.C., Hashmani R.K., He Z.H., Heber B., Hsieh T.H., Hu J.Y., Incagli M., Jang W.Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagoz G., Khiali B., Kim G.N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H.T., Lee S.C., Li J.Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J.H., Li Z.H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C.H., Lippert T., Liu J.H., Liu Z., Lu S.Q., Lu Y.S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J.Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V.V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H.D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z.Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P.G., Rapin D., Conde A.R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A.S., Schwering G., Seo E.S., Shakfa Z., Shan B.S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J.W., Song X.J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z.T., Tacconi M., Tang X.W., Tang Z.C., Tian J., Ting S.C.C., Ting S.M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J.P., Wang C.X., Wang L., Wang L.Q., Wang N.H., Wang Q.L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z.M., Wei J., Weng Z.L., Wu H., Xiong R.Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I.I., Yi H., Yu Y.M., Yu Z.Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F.Z., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z.M., Zhuang H.L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Astronomy, Bourquin, Maurice, Chen, Yao, Liu, Zhen, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Robyn, Erwan, and Wei, Jiahui
Subjects: flux [p], Astrophysics and Astronomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, satellite, helium: flux, General Physics and Astronomy, density [p], magnetic field, ddc:500.2, flux [helium], p: density, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], time-of-flight, Cosmic ray acceleration, Daily Proton Fluxe, 01 natural sciences, rotation, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Cosmology & Astrophysics, AMS-02, PAMELA, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic ray acceleration, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, Cosmic ray propagation, Cosmic ray sources, Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, precision measurement, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], COSMIC RAYS, Cosmic ray sources, Space stations, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic ray, p: flux, solar, Cosmology, flux, cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray propagation, COSMIC RAYS, MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER, SOLAR MODULATION, SOLAR MODULATION, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravitation
Abstract: Physical review letters 127(27), 271102 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2021
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2. Constraining dark matter lifetime with a deep gamma-ray survey of the Perseus galaxy cluster with MAGIC

Author: Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Barrio, J. A., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Becerra González, J., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Bednarek, W., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Bernardini, E., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Berti, A., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Besenrieder, J., Zarić, D., MAGIC Collaboration, Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Antonelli, L. A., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Arbet Engels, A., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Domínguez, A., Arcaro, C., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Baack, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Babić, A., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Banerjee, B., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Bangale, P., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., and Zarić, D.
Subjects: Decaying dark matter, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cluster of galaxies, Indirect searches, Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes, Perseus, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Perseu, Cluster of galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, Imaging air Cherenkov telescope, Indirect searche, ddc:530, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxy, Partículas, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Physics of the Dark Universe 22, 38 - 47 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.dark.2018.08.002, Clusters of galaxies are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the Universe, with masses around $10^{15}M_{\odot}$, most of it in the form of dark matter. The ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC made a deep survey of the Perseus cluster of galaxies using almost 400 h of data recorded between 2009 and 2017. This is the deepest observational campaign so far on a cluster of galaxies in the very high energy range. We search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter particles in the mass range between 200 GeV and 200 TeV decaying into standard model pairs. We apply an analysis optimized for the spectral and morphological features expected from dark matter decays and find no evidence of decaying dark matter. From this, we conclude that dark matter particles have a decay lifetime longer than $\sim 10^{26}$ s in all considered channels. Our results improve previous lower limits found by MAGIC and represent the strongest limits on decaying dark matter particles from ground-based gamma-ray instruments., Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]
Published: 2018
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3. Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016

Author: Banerjee, B., Terzić, T., Paneque, D., Majumdar, P., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babić, A., Banrje, B., Baquero, A., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž, Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Giacomo D'Amico, D’elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Doro, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez Martínez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Righini, S., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Vera, R. J. C., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Lien, A. Y., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Järvelä, E., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Biland, A., Bretz, T., Buss, J., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Hildebrand, D., Iotov, R., Kalenski, A., Mannheim, K., Mitchell, A., Neise, D., Noethe, M., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Sliusar, V., Walter, R., Valverde, J., Horan, D., Giroletti, M., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Joner, M., Marscher, A. P., Jorstad, S. G., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Ramakrishnan, V., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), MAGIC, ITA, USA, GBR, DEU, ARM, BRA, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IND, POL, RUS, CHE, German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, University of Tokyo, La Caixa, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), Croatian Science Foundation, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Acciari, Va, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, La, Asano, K, Babic, A, Banerjee, B, Baquero, A, de Almeida, Ub, Barrio, Ja, Gonzalez, Jb, Bednarek, W, Bellizzi, L, Bernardini, E, Bernardos, M, Berti, A, Besenrieder, J, Bhattacharyya, W, Bigongiari, C, Blanch, O, Bonnoli, G, Bosnjak, Z, Busetto, G, Carosi, R, Ceribella, G, Cerruti, M, Chai, Y, Chilingarian, A, Cikota, S, Colak, Sm, Colombo, E, Contreras, Jl, Cortina, J, Covino, S, D'Amico, G, D'Elia, V, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Lotto, B, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Mendez, Cd, Depaoli, D, Di Girolamo, T, Di Pierro, F, Di Venere, L, Neira, Ede, Prester, Dd, Donini, A, Doro, M, Ramazani, Vf, Fattorini, A, Ferrara, G, Foffano, L, Fonseca, Mv, Font, L, Fruck, C, Fukami, S, Lopez, Rjg, Garczarczyk, M, Gasparyan, S, Gaug, M, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Gliwny, P, Green, Jg, Green, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Heckmann, L, Herrera, J, Hoang, J, Hrupec, D, Hutten, M, Inada, T, Inoue, S, Ishio, K, Iwamura, Y, Jormanainen, J, Jouvin, L, Kajiwara, Y, Karjalainen, M, Kerszberg, D, Kobayashi, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Lamastra, A, Lelas, D, Leone, F, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, Lopez, M, Lopez-Coto, R, Lopez-Oramas, A, Loporchio, S, Fraga, Bmd, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Mallamaci, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martinez, M, Mazin, D, Mender, S, Micanovic, S, Miceli, D, Miener, T, Minev, M, Miranda, Jm, Mirzoyan, R, Molina, E, Moralejo, A, Morcuende, D, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Munar-Adrover, P, Neustroev, V, Nigro, C, Nilsson, K, Ninci, D, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Nozaki, S, Ohtani, Y, Oka, T, Otero-Santos, J, Palatiello, M, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Paredes, Jm, Pavletic, L, Penil, P, Perennes, C, Persic, M, Moroni, Pgp, Prandini, E, Priyadarshi, C, Puljak, I, Rhode, W, Ribo, M, Rico, J, Righi, C, Rugliancich, A, Saha, L, Sahakyan, N, Saito, T, Sakurai, S, Satalecka, K, Schleicher, B, Schmidt, K, Schweizer, T, Sitarek, J, Snidaric, I, Sobczynska, D, Spolon, A, Stamerra, A, Strom, D, Strzys, M, Suda, Y, Suric, T, Takahashi, M, Tavecchio, F, Temnikov, P, Terzic, T, Teshima, M, Torres-Alba, N, Tosti, L, Truzzi, S, van Scherpenberg, J, Vanzo, G, Acosta, Mv, Ventura, S, Verguilov, V, Vigorito, Cf, Vitale, V, Vovk, I, Will, M, Zaric, D, Arbet-Engels, A, Baack, D, Balbo, M, Beck, M, Biederbeck, N, Biland, A, Bretz, T, Bruegge, K, Buss, J, Dorner, D, Elsaesser, D, Hildebrand, D, Iotov, R, Klinger, M, Mannheim, K, Neise, D, Neronov, A, Noethe, M, Paravac, A, Sliusar, V, Theissen, F, Walter, R, Valverde, J, Horan, D, Giroletti, M, Perri, M, Verrecchia, F, Leto, C, Sadun, Ac, Moody, Jw, Joner, M, Marscher, Ap, Jorstad, Sg, Lahteenmaki, A, Tornikoski, M, Ramakrishnan, V, Jarvela, E, Vera, Rjc, Righini, S, and Lien, Ay
Subjects: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, galaxies: active, methods: data analysis, methods: observational, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Non-thermal, Astrophysics, 4/3, GeV, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Correlation, law, optical, MAGIC (telescope), data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], radio wave, Gamma ray, Low activity, X-ray, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, Log-normal distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radio wave, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, VHE, GLAST, blazar, Flux (metallurgy), 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, Radiation mechanisms, TeV, observational [Methods], Blazar, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectral component, MAGIC, flux, Space and Planetary Science, 13. Climate action, gamma ray, correlation, data analysi [methods], ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Acciari, V. A., et al. (MAGIC Collaboration), We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z = 0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsähovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014 November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1 TeV < 1.7 × 10-12 ph cm-2 s-1) and in the 2-10 keV (X-ray) band (F 2-10, keV< 3.6× 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1), during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E > 0.1 TeV) γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9-6 d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia ‘Severo Ochoa’ SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ MDM-2014-0369 and the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ.
Published: 2021
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4. Broadband characterisation of the very intense TeV flares of the blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nöthe, M., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., Hayashida, M., Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Hayashida, M., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education and Culture (Hungary), Fundación Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, German Research Foundation, National Centre for Research and Development (Poland), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Swedish National Space Board, and European Commission
Subjects: jets [galaxies], observational [methods], Flux, magnetic field, Astrophysics, jet [Galaxies], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1959+650, Cherenkov, Astroparticle physics, Galaxies: jets, Methods: observational, Neutrinos, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, imaging, neutrinos, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], astroparticle physics, galaxies: jets, methods: observational, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, exceptional, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astroparticle physic, VHE, GLAST, energy [p], blazar, X-ray, synchrotron, Neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, Cherenkov radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MAGIC, proton synchrotron, flux, Crab Nebula, field strength, gamma ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, hadronic [model], individual: 1ES 1959+650 [BL Lacertae objects], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: 1ES 1959+650 is a bright TeV high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object exhibiting interesting features like orphan TeV flares and broad emission in the high-energy regime that are difficult to interpret using conventional one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) scenarios. We report the results from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations in 2016 along with the multi-wavelength data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and Swift instruments. MAGIC observed 1ES 1959+650 with different emission levels in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) -ray band during 2016. In the long-term data, the X-ray spectrum becomes harder with increasing flux and a hint of a similar trend is also visible in the VHE band. An exceptionally high VHE flux reaching ∼3 times the Crab Nebula flux was measured by MAGIC on the 13 and 14 of June, and 1 July 2016 (the highest flux observed since 2002). During these flares, the high-energy peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) lies in the VHE domain and extends up to several TeV. The spectrum in the -ray (both Fermi-LAT and VHE bands) and the X-ray bands are quite hard. On 13 June and 1 July 2016, the source showed rapid variations in the VHE flux within timescales of less than an hour. A simple one-zone SSC model can describe the data during the flares requiring moderate to large values of the Doppler factors (δ ≥ 30..60). Alternatively, the high-energy peak of the SED can be explained by a purely hadronic model attributed to proton-synchrotron radiation with jet power L∼ 10erg sand under high values of the magnetic field strength (∼100 G) and maximum proton energy (∼few EeV). Mixed leptohadronic models require super-Eddington values of the jet power. We conclude that it is difficult to get detectable neutrino emission from the source during the extreme VHE flaring period of 2016., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT and the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Insti-tut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. We also appreciate a helpful framework which we used for the Fermi-LAT data analysis, Fermipy (Wood et al. 2017).
Published: 2020
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5. The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies

Author: Abeysekara, A. U., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Dumm, J., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gent, A., Gillanders, G. H., Giuri, C., Gueta, O., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Stevenson, B., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nöthe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Sun, S., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Carini, M. T., Horan, D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Madejski, G., Marscher, A. P., Max-Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. Ward, Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. S., Talvikki, H., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitsky, I. S., Villata, M., (VERITAS Collaboration), (MAGIC Collaboration), (Multiwavelength Partners), Department of Energy (US), Smithsonian Institution, National Science Foundation (US), National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (US), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Boston University, University of Utah, Harvard University, University of California Los Angeles, Columbia University, University of Potsdam, Washington University St. Louis, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Iowa State University, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Pennsylvania State University, Purdue University, California State University, East Bay, Georgia Institute of Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway, German Electron Synchrotron, University of California Santa Cruz, University of Delaware, University of Iowa, DePauw University, McGill University, Complutense University, University College Dublin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cork Institute of Technology, University of Alabama, University of Chicago, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of Udine, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Dortmund University, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, University of Łódź, University of Siena, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Institute for High Energy Physics, University of Padova, University of Pisa, University of Würzburg, University of Turku, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, The University of Tokyo, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Fudan University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Western Kentucky University, CNRS, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ilia State University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, St. Petersburg State University, United States Department of Energy, Universidad de Chile, Brigham Young University, California Institute of Technology, University of Colorado Denver, Aoyama Gakuin University, University of Arizona, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Abeysekara, A. U., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Dumm, J., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gent, A., Gillanders, G. H., Giuri, C., Gueta, O., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Stevenson, B., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Sun, S., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Carini, M. T., Horan, D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Madejski, G., Marscher, A. P., Max-Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. W., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. S., Talvikki, H., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitsky, I. S., and Villata, M.
Subjects: Multiple days, Gamma-ray astronomY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Markarian galaxies, Astrophysics, Blazar, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, BL Lacertae object, High energy astrophysic, law.invention, law, Observatory, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, High energy astrophysics, Relativistic jets, Gamma-ray astronomy, Time domain astronomy, Relativistic jet, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), BL lacertae objects, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, Markarian galaxie, Electrónica, Electricidad, Flare
Abstract: We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of ∼27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) γ-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE γ-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE γ-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy γ-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsahovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of ∼25-55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (δ ⪆ 33) and the size of the emission region (δR≲ 3.8 × 10cm) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux-flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model., This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, and NSERC in Canada. This research used resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. The MAGIC collaboration would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2- R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015- 71662-C2-2-P, FPA201790566REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, and the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV2015-0548 and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782, the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. This publication makes use of data obtained at Metsähovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University, Finland, and the OVRO 40 m monitoring program, which is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST1109911. The UMRAO data were obtained through NSF grant AST 0607523 and NASA Fermi GI award NNX09AU16G. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation, grant 12-02-00452. The Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation through project FR/577/6-320/13. The Steward Observatory data were obtained under Fermi Guest Investigator Program grant NNX09AU10G. The research at Boston University is supported by NASA grant 80NSSC17K0649 and NSF grant AST-1615796. Software. VEGAS (Cogan 2008), Event Display (Daniel 2008), MARS (Moralejo et al. 2009), Fermi Science Tools81, HEASoft (FTOOLS+XANADU; HEASARC 2014), REX,85 Xspec (Arnaud 1996), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013).
Published: 2020

6. Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Electrons

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, W. J., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chung, C. H., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Incagli, M., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, F. Z., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Molero, M., Mussolin, L., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Picot-Clemente, N., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qu, Z. Y., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Rosier-Lees, S., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Vizán, J., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, J., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. H., Zhao, F., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Choutko, Vitali, Clark, C., Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Martin, T., Mott, P., Pashnin, A., Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Solano Eizaguirre, Carlos, Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Urban, T., Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiran, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Zhan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Choutko, Vitali, Clark, C., Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Martin, T., Mott, P., Pashnin, A., Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Solano Eizaguirre, Carlos, Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Urban, T., Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiran, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Zhan, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Liu, Jimmy Fangzhou, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, De Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Incagli, M, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, F, Liu, H, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Popkow, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Solano, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vizán, J, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Azzarello P., Bachlechner A., Barao F., Barrau A., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basara L., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Becker U., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., De Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M.J., Bourquin M., Bueno E.F., Burger J., Burger W.J., Cai X.D., Capell M., Caroff S., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y.H., Chen G.M., Chen H.S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H.Y., Choutko V., Chung C.H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Crispoltoni M., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dai Y.M., Datta A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M.B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Dimiccoli F., Diaz C., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Eronen T., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Galaktionov Y., Garcia-Lopez R.J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gebauer I., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D.M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Guo K.H., Haino S., Han K.C., He Z.H., Heil M., Hsieh T.H., Huang H., Huang Z.C., Incagli M., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kirn T., Konak C., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H.T., Lee S.C., Leluc C., Li J.Q., Li Q., Li T.X., Li Z.H., Light C., Lin C.H., Lippert T., Liu F.Z., Liu H., Liu Z., Lu S.Q., Lu Y.S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo F., Luo J.Z., Luo X., Lyu S.S., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mo D.C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Nelson T., Ni J.Q., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Perrina C., Phan H.D., Picot-Clemente N., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poireau V., Popkow A., Quadrani L., Qi X.M., Qin X., Qu Z.Y., Rancoita P.G., Rapin D., Conde A.R., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Solano C., Schael S., Schmidt S.M., Von Dratzig A.S., Schwering G., Seo E.S., Shan B.S., Shi J.Y., Siedenburg T., Song J.W., Sun Z.T., Tacconi M., Tang X.W., Tang Z.C., Tian J., Ting S.C.C., Ting S.M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Vagelli V., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J.P., Vizan J., Wang L.Q., Wang N.H., Wang Q.L., Wang X., Wang X.Q., Wang Z.X., Wei J., Weng Z.L., Wu H., Xiong R.Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yi H., Yu Y.J., Yu Z.Q., Zannoni M., Zeissler S., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng Z.M., Zhuang H.L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., Zuccon P., Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Chen, Yao, Leluc, Catherine, Liu, Zhen, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrina, Chiara, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, and Wei, Jiahui
Subjects: electron: energy, positron: spectrum, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, General Physics and Astronomy, positron: flux, positron: energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology & Astrophysics, Dark matter indirect search, AMS, energy: high, spectrum [positron], Physics, Cosmic-ray electron, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Cosmic ray propagation, cosmic radiation [electron], high [energy], Particle astrophysics, Gravitation, Astrophysics and Astronomy, energy [positron], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, ddc:500.2, Cosmic-Ray Electron, International Space stations, Cosmic ray acceleration, Gravitation and Astrophysics, flux [electron], energy dependence, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Particle dark matter, flux [positron], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, energy [electron], Cosmic-ray, Cosmic ray electrons, ta115, electron: flux, electron: cosmic radiation, ASTROFÍSICA, Cosmic ray sources, magnetic spectrometer, High-energy electron, Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics, Electron flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Physical review letters 122(10), 101101 (2019). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.101101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2019
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7. A fast, very-high-energy gamma-ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., ANTONELLI, Lucio Angelo, Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., BIGONGIARI, Ciro, Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., COVINO, Stefano, D'Elia, V., da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., de Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., GALLOZZI, Stefano, García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., LAMASTRA, Alessandra, Lelas, D., LEONE, FRANCESCO, Lindfors, E., LOMBARDI, Saverio, Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Nöthe, M., PAIANO, Simona, Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., PERSIC, Massimo, Prada Moroni, P. G., PRANDINI, ELISA, Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, Chiara, Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., STAMERRA, Antonio, Strzys, M., Surić, T., TAVECCHIO, Fabrizio, Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zarić, D., D'AMMANDO, FILIPPO, Hada, K., Jorstad, S., Marscher, A. P., Mobeen, M. Z., Hovatta, T., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Morozova, D. A., Nikiforova, A. A., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Agudo, I., ITA, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espinera, E., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvezdic, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., D'Ammando, F., Hada, K., Jorstad, S., Marscher, A. P., Mobeen, M. Z., Hovatta, T., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Morozova, D. A., Nikiforova, A. A., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Agudo, I., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japanese Government, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, German Research Foundation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministry of Science and Technology (South Korea), Junta de Andalucía, Russian Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Photon, model [emission], VHE [gamma ray], Inverse, Astrophysics, 4/3, BL Lacertae objects: individual: BL Lacertae, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, rotation, law.invention, star, law, jet, Gamma rays: galaxies, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, radio wave, model [interaction], photon, Gamma ray, Optical polarization, tension, 3. Good health, optical [polarization], Spectral energy distribution, high [energy], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma rays: galaxies, X-ray, 0103 physical sciences, AGN, individual: BL Lacertae [BL Lacertae objects], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, MAGIC, flux, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral
Abstract: The mechanisms producing fast variability of the γ-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are under debate. The MAGIC telescopes detected a fast, very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2015 June 15. The flare had a maximum flux of (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-10 photons cm-2 s-1 and halving time of 26 ± 8 min. The MAGIC observations were triggered by a high state in the optical and high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) γ-ray bands. In this paper we present the MAGIC VHE γ-ray data together with multi-wavelength data from radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ rays from 2015 May 1 to July 31. Well-sampled multi-wavelength data allow us to study the variability in detail and compare it to the other epochs when fast, VHE γ-ray flares have been detected from this source. Interestingly, we find that the behaviour in radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ-rays is very similar to two other observed VHE γ-ray flares. In particular, also during this flare there was an indication of rotation of the optical polarization angle and of activity at the 43 GHz core. These repeating patterns indicate a connection between the three events. We also test modelling of the spectral energy distribution based on constraints from the light curves and VLBA observations, with two different geometrical setups of two-zone inverse Compton models. In addition we model the γ-ray data with the star-jet interaction model. We find that all of the tested emission models are compatible with the fast VHE γ-ray flare, but all have some tension with the multi-wavelength observations. © ESO 2019., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA 2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA201569210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662C2-2-P, FPA201790566REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia >Severo Ochoa> SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia >Maria de Maeztu> MDM-20140369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The work of the author M. Vazquez Acosta is financed with grant RYC-2013-14660 of MINECO. F. D'Ammando is grateful for support from the National Research Council of Science and Technology, Korea (EU16-001). The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated by the Nordic Optical Telescope Scientific Association at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias., Acquisition and reduction of the MAPCAT data was supported in part by MINECO through grants AYA201014844, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2016-80889-P, and by the Regional Government of Andalucia through grant P09-FQM-4784. The MAPCAT observations were carried out at the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory, which is jointly operated by the Max-Plank-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. This publication makes use of data obtained at the Metsahovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University, Finland. This study makes use of 43-GHz VLBA data from the VLBA-BU Blazar Monitoring Program (VLBA-BUBLAZAR; http://www.bu.edu/blazars/VLBAproject.html), funded by NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The BU group acknowledges support from NASA Fermi GI program grant 80NSSC17K0694 and US National Science Foundation grant AST-1615796. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G and NNX14AQ89G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911.
Published: 2019
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8. Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Cadoux, F., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eronen, T., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Koutsenko, V., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., AMS Collaboration, Becker, Ulrich J, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Azzarello, Philipp, Cadoux, Franck, Chen, Yao, Leluc, Catherine, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrina, Chiara, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Wu, Xin, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, De Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoǧlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: lepton, General Physics and Astronomy, magnetic field, Electron, PROPAGATION, positron: flux, 01 natural sciences, rotation, Positron, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, AMS, PERSPECTIVE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), DARK MATTER, Solar maximum, solar, anti-p, electron: spectrum, modulation, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, cosmic radiation: galaxy, Charge-sign dependent solar modulation, Atomic physics, cosmic radiation: flux, Solar modulation, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, energy dependence, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), cosmic rays, MINIMUM, 0103 physical sciences, PROTONS, ddc:530, structure, Polarity reversal, ta115, Cosmic-ray, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, fluctuation, electron: cosmic radiation, electron: flux, ASTROFÍSICA, HELIOSPHERE, magnetic spectrometer, p: flux, flux: ratio, SIMULATIONS, GALAXY, cosmic radiation: primary, positron fraction, SOLAR MODULATION, time dependence, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Heliosphere, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: Physical review letters 121(5), 051102 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051102, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: AMS Collaboration, Ali Cavasonza, L., Bachlechner, A., Beischer, B., Chung, C. H., Gast, H., Kirn, Th., Luebelsmeyer, K., Machate, F., Nikonov, N., Räihä, T., Schael, S., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Siedenburg, T., Zhukov, V., Zimmermann, N., Demirköz, M. B., Konak, C., Türkoǧlu, C., Caroff, S., Coignet, G., Goy, C., Poireau, V., Rosier-Lees, S., Vialle, J. P., Shan, B. S., Zheng, Z. M., Dai, Y. M., Wang, Q. L., Yu, Y. J., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Li, Z. H., Lu, Y. S., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Wang, X. Q., Yang, M., Yu, Z. Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, S. W., Zhuang, H. L., Contin, A., Laurenti, G., Masi, N., Palmonari, F., Quadrani, L., Zichichi, A., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Burger, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Chen, A. I., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Dadzie, K., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Heil, M., Hsieh, T. H., Jia, Yi, Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., Lebedev, A., Liu, Hu, Phan, H. D., Plyaskin, V., Qin, X., Rozhkov, A., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Z. L., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zuccon, P., Chang, Y. H., Chou, H. Y., Khiali, B., Liu, D., Sagdeev, R., Picot-Clemente, N., Seo, E. S., Huh, C., Jang, W. Y., Kang, S. C., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Lim, S., Son, D., Castellini, G., Barrin, L., Gargiulo, C., Kanishev, K., Laudi, E., Azzarello, P., Bourquin, M., Cadoux, F., Leluc, C., Li, Y., Paniccia, M., Perrina, C., Pohl, M., Rapin, D., Wu, X., Aupetit, S., Barrau, A., Bonnivard, V., Derome, L., Ghelfi, A., Maurin, D., Ricol, J. S., Guo, K. H., He, Z. H., Huang, Z. C., Li, T. X., Li, Z. Y., Lu, S. Q., Lyu, S. S., Mo, D. C., Ni, J. Q., Qi, X. M., Wang, Z. X., Bindi, V., Consolandi, C., Corti, C., Datta, A., Von Doetinchem, P., Nelson, T., Palermo, M., Whitman, K., Bollweg, K., Clark, C., Martin, T., Mott, P., Urban, T., Attig, N., Lippert, T., Schmidt, S. M., Bindel, K. F., De Boer, W., Gebauer, I., Graziani, M., Zeissler, S., Clavero, R., García-López, R. J., Tescaro, D., Vázquez Acosta, M., Arruda, L., Barao, F., Orcinha, M., Han, K. C., Jinchi, H., Aguilar, M., Berdugo, J., Casaus, J., Delgado, C., Díaz, C., Giovacchini, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martínez, G., Oliva, A., Palomares, C., Velasco, M., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Grabski, V., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., La Vacca, G., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., Tacconi, M., Zannoni, M., Dong, F., Gong, J., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Luo, J. Z., Meng, Q., Shi, J. Y., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Yi, H., Zhang, J. H., Ambrosi, G., Bertucci, B., Crispoltoni, M., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., Ionica, M., Nozzoli, F., Pauluzzi, M., Pizzolotto, C., Tomassetti, N., Vagelli, V., Cervelli, F., Di Falco, S., Gallucci, G., Incagli, M., Pilo, F., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Dimiccoli, F., Lazzizzera, I., Vitale, V., Bartoloni, A., Borgia, B., Lipari, P., Valente, E., Bueno, E. F., Lordello, V. D., Mikuni, V. M., Vecchi, M., Chae, M. J., Yang, J., Cheng, L., Cui, Z., Luo, F., Song, J. W., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Li, H. S., Yang, Y., Lee, H. T., Creus, W., Haino, S., Huang, H., Lee, S. C., Lin, C. H., Qu, Z. Y., Wei, C. C., Battarbee, M., Eronen, T., Torsti, J., Valtonen, E., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AMS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Marks Ting, Susan Carol, Wang, Xiaozhen, Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, J., Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Wu, Xin, Perrina, Chiara, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Burger, W.J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Y., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Vitale, V., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: Space experiments, General Physics and Astronomy, primary [cosmic radiation], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Rigidity (electromagnetism), ddc:550, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Alpha magnetic spectrometers, Physics, Spectrometers, ratio [flux], secondary [cosmic radiation], FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, lithium, Beryllium, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Secondary cosmic-rays, Cosmic rays nuclei, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Boron, cosmic radiation: secondary, Cosmic rays, Cosmic.-ray propagation, ta115, ISS, carbon, nucleus, ASTROFÍSICA, Space stations, beryllium, magnetic spectrometer, Flux ratio, flux: ratio, cosmic radiation: primary, chemistry, boron, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], oxygen
Abstract: Physical review letters 120(2), 021101 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.021101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Precision Measurement of the Boron to Carbon Flux Ratio in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M J, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E F, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X D, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M J, Chang, Y H, Chen, A I, Chen, G M, Chen, H S, Cheng, L, Chou, H Y, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C H, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, Y M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M B, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García-López, R J, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gómez-Coral, D M, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guerri, I, Guo, K H, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K C, He, Z H, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T H, Huang, H, Huang, Z C, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S C, Kanishev, K, Kim, G N, Kim, K S, Kirn, Th, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M S, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H T, Lee, S C, Leluc, C, Li, H S, Li, J Q, Li, Q, Li, T X, Li, W, Li, Z H, Li, Z Y, Lim, S, Lin, C H, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, Hu, Lu, S Q, Lu, Y S, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J Z, Lv, S S, Majka, R, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D C, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J Q, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X M, Qin, X, Qu, Z Y, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P G, Rapin, D, Ricol, J S, Rodríguez, I, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Schael, S, Schmidt, S M, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E S, Shan, B S, Shi, J Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J W, Sun, W H, Tacconi, M, Tang, X W, Tang, Z C, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, Samuel C C, Ting, S M, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J P, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L Q, Wang, N H, Wang, Q L, Wang, X, Wang, X Q, Wang, Z X, Wei, C C, Weng, Z L, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Willenbrock, M, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xia, X, Xiong, R Q, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y J, Yu, Z Q, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, J H, Zhang, S D, Zhang, S W, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z M, Zhu, Z Q, Zhuang, H L, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, A. I., Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Demakov, O., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Goglov, Pavel, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, T. H., Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Krafczyk, Matthew Scott, Lebedev, Alexei, Li, J. Q., Plyaskin, Vasily, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Sun, W. H., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Z. L., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, S. D., Zhang, Z., Zuccon, Paolo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS Collaboration, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Vitillo, Stefania, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. . f., Bindi, V., Boella, G., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. . j., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. . f., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. . d., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. . j., Chang, Y. . h., Chen, A. . i., Chen, G. . m., Chen, H. . s., Cheng, L., Chou, H. . y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. . h., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, Andrea, Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. . m., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. . b., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Finch, E., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García, B., García López, R. . j., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gómez Coral, D. . m., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. . h., Haino, S., Han, K. . c., Z. . h., He, Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. . h., Huang, H., Huang, Z. . c., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. . y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. . c., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. . n., Kim, K. . s., Kirn, T. h., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. . s., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. . t., Lee, S. . c., Leluc, C., H. . s., Li, J. . q., Li, Li, Q., T. . x., Li, Li, W., Li, Y., Z. . h., Li, Z. . y., Li, Lim, S., Lin, C. . h., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. . d., S. . q., Lu, Y. . s., Lu, Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. . z., S. . s., Lv, Machate, F., Majka, R., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, Nicolo', Maurin, D., Menchaca Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. . m., D. . c., Mo, Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Nelson, T., J. . q., Ni, Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, Federico, Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Picot Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Putze, A., Quadrani, Lucio, X. . m., Qi, Qin, X., Z. . y., Qu, Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. . g., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. . s., Rosier Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. . m., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. . s., Shan, B. . s., Shi, J. . y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. . w., Sun, W. . h., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. . w., Tang, Z. . c., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. . C., Ting, S. . m., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. . p., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L. . q., Wang, N. . h., Wang, Q. . l., Wang, X. . q., Wang, Z. . x., Wei, C. . c., Weng, Z. . l., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xia, X., Xiong, R. . q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Y. . j., Yu, Z. . q., Yu, Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. . h., Zhang, S. . d., Zhang, S. . w., Zheng, Z. . m., Zhu, Z. . q., Zhuang, H. . l., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, Antonino, Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, Y, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demakov, O, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gómez Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Machate, F, Majka, R, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Picot Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xia, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhu, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Galactic propagation, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Space missions, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Rigidity (electromagnetism), AMS-02, boron, carbon, flux ratio, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, ddc:530, AMS, Boron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Cosmic-ray propagation, Spectral index, ta114, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Turbulence, Spectral density, Boron to carbon ratio, Carbon, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmology, Rigidity, Space stations, Spectrometers
Abstract: Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the boron to carbon flux ratio (B/C) is important in understanding the propagation of cosmic rays. The precise measurement of the B/C ratio from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV, based on 2.3 million boron and 8.3 million carbon nuclei collected by AMS during the first 5 years of operation, is presented. The detailed variation with rigidity of the B/C spectral index is reported for the first time. The B/C ratio does not show any significant structures in contrast to many cosmic ray models that require such structures at high rigidities. Remarkably, above 65 GV, the B/C ratio is well described by a single power law R[superscript Δ] with index Δ=-0.333±0.014(fit)±0.005(syst), in good agreement with the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence which predicts Δ=-1/3 asymptotically., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grants 1455202 and 1551980), Wyle Research (Firm) (Grant 2014/T72497), United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Grant HELIO15F-0005)
Published: 2016
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11. First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign

Author: Furniss, A., Noda, K., Boggs, S., Chiang, J., Christensen, F., Craig, W., Giommi, P., Hailey, C., Harisson, F., Madejski, G., Nalewajko, K., PERRI, Matteo, Stern, D., Urry, M., VERRECCHIA, Francesco, Zhang, W., NuSTAR Team, Ahnen, M. L., ANTONELLI, Lucio Angelo, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., COVINO, Stefano, Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., LA BARBERA, ANTONINO, Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., LOMBARDI, Saverio, Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., PAIANO, Simona, Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., PRANDINI, ELISA, Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., STAMERRA, Antonio, Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., TAVECCHIO, Fabrizio, Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., MAGIC Collaboration, Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Gerard, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Faoláin de Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Ragan, K., Ratliff, G., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., VERITAS Collaboration, Vince, O., Fuhrmann, L., Angelakis, E., Karamanavis, V., Myserlis, I., Krichbaum, T. P., Zensus, J. A., Ungerechts, H., Sievers, A., F-Gamma Consortium, The, Bachev, R., Böttcher, M., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Güver, T., Hovatta, T., Hughes, Z., Ibryamov, S. I., Joner, M. D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kataoka, J., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Larionov, V. M., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., RAITERI, Claudia Maria, Ramakrishnan, V., Readhead, A. C. R., Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Semkov, E. H., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., VILLATA, Massimo, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, Furniss, A., Noda, K., Boggs, S., Chiang, J., Christensen, F., Craig, W., Giommi, P., Hailey, C., Harisson, F., Madejski, G., Nalewajko, K., Perri, M., Stern, D., Urry, M., Verrecchia, F., Zhang, W., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., J., A. Barrio, Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpä, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Bugaev, V., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Gerard, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Ragan, K., Ratliff, G., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Vince, O., Fuhrmann, L., Angelakis, E., Karamanavis, V., Myserlis, I., Krichbaum, T. P., Zensus, J. A., Ungerechts, H., Sievers, A., Bachev, R., Böttcher, M., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Güver, T., Hovatta, T., Hughes, Z., Ibryamov, S. I., Joner, M. D., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kataoka, J., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Larionov, V. M., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Ramakrishnan, V., A. C., R. Readhead, Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Semkov, E. H., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., Villata, M., ~, and 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus
Subjects: galaxie [X-rays], Astrophysics, galaxies BL Lacs, galaxies individual (Markarian 501), X-rays, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, law.invention, bl lacertae objects, law, MAGIC (telescope), individual: Markarian 501 [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: individual: Markarian 501, X-rays: galaxies, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, fermi-lat, galaxies [X-rays], large-area telescope, BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: individual (Markarian 501), X-rays: galaxies, individual (Markarian 501) [galaxies], Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Individual (Markarian 501), Raigs X, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, BL Lac object, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Optical telescope, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, crab-nebula, Blazar, galaxies: individual (markarian 501), particle-acceleration, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], galaxies: individual: Markarian 501, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma-ray emission, Galaxies, Galàxies, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, magic telescope, log-parabolic spectra, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 1 April and 10 August 2013, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Mets\"ahovi and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) shows evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model to five simultaneous broadband spectral energy distributions. We find that the synchrotron self-Compton model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2015
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12. Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Author: Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Al Samarai, I., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barron, J. P., Barwick, S. W. Baum V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H., Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Böser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brenzke, M., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Delaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. 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A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Żywucka, N., Integral, Team, Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Bazzano, A., Diehl, R., Kuulkers, E., Laurent, P., Natalucci, L., Panessa, F., Rodi, J., Ubertini, P., Kanata Kiso and Subaru Observing Teams, Morokuma, T., Ohta, K., Tanaka, Y. T., Mori, H., Yamanaka, M., Kawabata, K. S., Utsumi, Y., Nakaoka, T., Kawabata, M., Nagashima, H., Yoshida, M., Matsuoka, Y., Itoh, R., Kapteyn, Team, Keel, W., Liverpool Telescope Team, Copperwheat, C., Steele, I., Swift/nustar, Team, Cenko, S. B., Evans, P. A., Fox, D. B., Kennea, J. A., Marshall, F. E., Osborne, J. P., Tohuvavohu, A., Veritas, Collaboration, Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gueta, O., Hütten, M., Hervet, O., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, S. E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Scott, S. S., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Trépanier, S., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Vla/b, Team, Tetarenko, A. J., Kimball, A. E., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Sivakoff, G. R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, ITA, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Faculty of Science, API Other Research (FNWI), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IceCube, Fermi-LAT, Kapteyn, Liverpool Telescope, Subaru, Swift NuSTAR, VERITAS, VLA/17B-403, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S., INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Al Samarai, I., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., Barron, J. P., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. -H., Benzvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Böser, S., Botner, O., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brenzke, M., Bretz, H. -P., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Delaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Kalaczynski, P., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koschinsky, J. P., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Krückl, G., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Leonard, K., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Liu, Q. R., Lozano Mariscal, C. J., Lu, L., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Micallef, J., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Nakarmi, P., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Olivas, A., O’Murchadha, A., O’Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Peiffer, P., Pepper, J. A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Plum, M., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Sälzer, T., Sanchez Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toennis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Santen, J., Vogel, E., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandler, F. D., Wandkowsky, N., Waza, A., Weaver, C., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Abdollahi, S., Ajello, M., Angioni, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Burns, E., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caputo, R., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Favuzzi, C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kadler, M., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Krauss, F., Kreter, M., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palatiello, M., Paliya, V. S., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Valverde, J., Vianello, G., Vogel, M., Wood, K., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Pfrang, K., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Franceschini, A., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., M, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas, Rosillo, M., Nigro, Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Reichardt, I., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Lucarelli, F., Tavani, M., Piano, G., Donnarumma, I., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Colafrancesco, S., Costa, E., Di Cocco, G., Ferrari, A., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Lipari, P., Mereghetti, S., Pacciani, L., Paoletti, F., Parmiggiani, N., Pellizzoni, A., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Rappoldi, A., Trois, A., Vercellone, S., Vittorini, V., Stanek, K. Z., Kochanek, C. S., Beacom, J. F., Thompson, T. A., Holoien, T. W. -S., Dong, S., Prieto, J. L., Shappee, B. J., Holmbo, S., Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Avila Rojas, D., Ayala Solares, H. A., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., Coutiño de León, S., De León, C., De la Fuente, E., Diaz Hernandez, R., Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Fiorino, D. W., Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González Muñoz, A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lauer, R. J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., León Vargas, H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Luna-García, R., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Pelayo, R., Pretz, J., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salesa Greus, F., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Villaseñor, L., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Yapici, T., Gaurang, Y., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Álvarez, J. D., Abdalla, H., Angüner, E. O., Armand, C., Backes, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bordas, P., Brun, F., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Caroff, S., Cerruti, M., Chakraborty, N., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Eschbach, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Gallant, Y. A., Gaté, F., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Haupt, M., Henri, G., Hinton, J. A., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jouvin, L., Jung-Richardt, I., Kerszberg, D., Khélifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kraus, M., Lefaucheur, J., Lemière, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Lohse, T., López-Coto, R., Lorentz, M., Lypova, I., Marandon, V., Guillem Martí-Devesa, G., Maurin, G., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Ohm, S., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sanchez, D. A., Sasaki, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schüssler, F., Schulz, A., Schwanke, U., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Shafi, N., Simoni, R., Sol, H., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Tiziani, D., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Veh, J., Vincent, P., Voisin, F., Wagner, S. J., Wagner, R. M., Wierzcholska, A., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Żywucka, N., Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Bazzano, A., Diehl, R., Kuulkers, E., Laurent, P., Natalucci, L., Panessa, F., Rodi, J., Ubertini, P., Morokuma, T., Ohta, K., Tanaka, Y. T., Mori, H., Yamanaka, M., Kawabata, K. S., Utsumi, Y., Nakaoka, T., Kawabata, M., Nagashima, H., Yoshida, M., Matsuoka, Y., Itoh, R., Keel, W., Copperwheat, C., Steele, I., Cenko, S. B., Evans, P. A., Fox, D. B., Kennea, J. A., Marshall, F. E., Osborne, J. P., Tohuvavohu, A., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gueta, O., Hütten, M., Hervet, O., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Scott, S. S., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Trépanier, S., Tyler, J., Vassiliev, V. V., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Tetarenko, A. J., Kimball, A. E., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Sivakoff, G. R., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Vriendenkring VUB, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Współautorami artykułu są członkowie różnych grup badawczych w liczbie 875, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: High energy, Kanata, Swift/NuSTAR, Astrophysics, Blazar, blazar: emission, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Coincidence, Multidisciplinary, Blazar, Neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment, neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), ASAS-SN, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, HESS - Abteilung Hofmann, Computer Science::Databases, Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, Multidisciplinary, Supernova, gamma ray: emission, VERITAS, Neutrino, Kapteyn, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Science & Technology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, IceCube Collaboration, jet: relativistic, AGILE, Coincident, Subaru, 0103 physical sciences, Kiso, supernova, neutrino event IceCube-170922A, gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056, quasar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, INTEGRAL, background, Liverpool Telescope, VLA/17B-403 teams, MAGIC, messenger, flux, gamma ray: VHE, 13. Climate action, general, Diffuse flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermi-LAT, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, H.E.S.S
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Neutrinos are tracers of cosmic-ray acceleration: electrically neutral and traveling at nearly the speed of light, they can escape the densest environments and may be traced back to their source of origin. High-energy neutrinos are expected to be produced in blazars: intense extragalactic radio, optical, x-ray, and, in some cases, γ-ray sources characterized by relativistic jets of plasma pointing close to our line of sight. Blazars are among the most powerful objects in the Universe and are widely speculated to be sources of high-energy cosmic rays. These cosmic rays generate high-energy neutrinos and γ-rays, which are produced when the cosmic rays accelerated in the jet interact with nearby gas or photons. On 22 September 2017, the cubic-kilometer IceCube Neutrino Observatory detected a ~290-TeV neutrino from a direction consistent with the flaring γ-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. We report the details of this observation and the results of a multiwavelength follow-up campaign. RATIONALE Multimessenger astronomy aims for globally coordinated observations of cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation across a broad range of wavelengths. The combination is expected to yield crucial information on the mechanisms energizing the most powerful astrophysical sources. That the production of neutrinos is accompanied by electromagnetic radiation from the source favors the chances of a multiwavelength identification. In particular, a measured association of high-energy neutrinos with a flaring source of γ-rays would elucidate the mechanisms and conditions for acceleration of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The discovery of an extraterrestrial diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos, announced by IceCube in 2013, has characteristic properties that hint at contributions from extragalactic sources, although the individual sources remain as yet unidentified. Continuously monitoring the entire sky for astrophysical neutrinos, IceCube provides real-time triggers for observatories around the world measuring γ-rays, x-rays, optical, radio, and gravitational waves, allowing for the potential identification of even rapidly fading sources. RESULTS A high-energy neutrino-induced muon track was detected on 22 September 2017, automatically generating an alert that was distributed worldwide within 1 min of detection and prompted follow-up searches by telescopes over a broad range of wavelengths. On 28 September 2017, the Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration reported that the direction of the neutrino was coincident with a cataloged γ-ray source, 0.1° from the neutrino direction. The source, a blazar known as TXS 0506+056 at a measured redshift of 0.34, was in a flaring state at the time with enhanced γ-ray activity in the GeV range. Follow-up observations by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, notably the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes, revealed periods where the detected γ-ray flux from the blazar reached energies up to 400 GeV. Measurements of the source have also been completed at x-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths. We have investigated models associating neutrino and γ-ray production and find that correlation of the neutrino with the flare of TXS 0506+056 is statistically significant at the level of 3 standard deviations (sigma). On the basis of the redshift of TXS 0506+056, we derive constraints for the muon-neutrino luminosity for this source and find them to be similar to the luminosity observed in γ-rays. CONCLUSION The energies of the γ-rays and the neutrino indicate that blazar jets may accelerate cosmic rays to at least several PeV. The observed association of a high-energy neutrino with a blazar during a period of enhanced γ-ray emission suggests that blazars may indeed be one of the long-sought sources of very-high-energy cosmic rays, and hence responsible for a sizable fraction of the cosmic neutrino flux observed by IceCube.
Published: 2018
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13. Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, W. J., Cadoux, F., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eronen, T., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Hoffman, J., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Y., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., AMS Collaboration, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Demakov, O., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, Steve M, Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, J., Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrina, Chiara, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Vitillo, Stefania, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Burger, W.J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demakov, O., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Y., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, Steve M, Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demakov, O, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, satellite, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, primary [cosmic radiation], ddc:500.2, helium, International Space stations, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Helium, International Space Station, Spectral line, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Rigidity (electromagnetism), 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, ddc:530, AMS, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Alpha magnetic spectrometers, Physics, ta115, carbon, nucleus, Antimatter, Cosmic Rays, ASTROFÍSICA, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic Rays, Carbon, Oxygen, cosmic radiation: primary, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Spectral features, chemistry, Primary cosmic-rays, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], oxygen
Abstract: Physical review letters 119(25), 251101 (2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.251101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Multiwavelength study of quiescent states of MRK 421 with unprecedented hard x-ray coverage provided by NuSTAR in 2013

Author: Baloković, M., Paneque, D., Madejski, G., Furniss, A., Chiang, J., the NuSTAR team, Ajello, M., Alexander, D. M., Barret, D., Blandford, R., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Forster, K., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B. W., Hailey, C. J., Harrison, F. A., Hornstrup, A., Kitaguchi, T., Koglin, J. E., Madsen, K. K., Mao, P. H., Miyasaka, H., Mori, K., Perri, M., Pivovaroff, M. J., Simonetta Puccetti, Rana, V., Stern, D., Tagliaferri, G., Urry, C. M., Westergaard, N. J., Zhang, W. W., Zoglauer, A., Veritas, The Collaboration, Archambault, S., Archer, A. A., Barnacka, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Haakansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Todd, N. W., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Magic, The Collaboration, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Oña Wilhelmi, E. D., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Eisenacher, D., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, S., Palatiello, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L. O., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Collaborators, External, Perkins, J., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Böttcher, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Carnerero, M. I., Chen, W. P., Chinchilla, P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Yu V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Sun, S., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Reinthal, R., Angelakis, E., Fuhrmann, L., Myserlis, I., Karamanavis, V., Sievers, A., Ungerechts, H., Zensus, J. A., Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Glawion , D., ~, Baloković, M., Paneque, D., Madejski, G., Furniss, A., Chiang, J., Ajello, M., Alexander, D. M., Barret, D., Blandford, R. D., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Forster, K., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B., Hailey, C., Harrison, F. A., Hornstrup, A., Kitaguchi, T., Koglin, J. E., Madsen, K. K., Mao, P. H., Miyasaka, H., Mori, K., Perri, M., Pivovaroff, M. J., Puccetti, S., Rana, V., Stern, D., Tagliaferri, G., Urry, C. M., Westergaard, N. J., Zhang, W. W., Zoglauer, A., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Barnacka, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortson, L., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Håkansson, N., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Nelson, T., Nieto, D., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Todd, N. W., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., De Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Ońa Wilhelmi, E., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Terrats, D. Garrido, Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Glawion, D., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Garcia, J. Rodriguez, Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Perkins, J., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Böttcher, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta Pulido, J. A., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Carnerero, M. I., Chen, W. P., Chinchilla, P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. u. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Güver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Sun, S., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. R., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Reinthal, R., Angelakis, E., Fuhrmann, L., Myserlis, I., Karamanavis, V., Sievers, A., Ungerechts, H., and Zensus, J. A.
Subjects: galaxie [X-rays], Photon, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, ELECTRON ACCELERATION, BACKGROUND-RADIATION, Astrophysics, Electron, Nonthermal, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421), galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: nonthermal, X-rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, individual: Markarian 421 [BL Lacertae objects], LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, individual (Markarian 421) [BL Lacertae objects], law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Large area telescope, TEV BLAZARS, gamma, rays: general, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, LAC OBJECTS, CORRELATED VARIABILITY, Synchrotron, galaxies [X-rays], Spectral energy distribution, Degree of polarization, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle acceleration, general [Gamma rays], FOS: Physical sciences, Photon energy, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Radiation mechanisms, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Markarian 421, galaxies, active, gamma rays, general, radiation mechanisms, nonthermal, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, nonthermal [Radiation mechanisms], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Background radiation, ddc:520
Abstract: The astrophysical journal 819(2), 156 (2016). doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/156, We present coordinated multiwavelength observations of the bright, nearby BL Lacertae object Mrk 421 taken in 2013 January–March, involving GASP-WEBT, Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, VERITAS, and other collaborations and instruments, providing data from radio to very high energy (VHE) γ-ray bands. NuSTAR yielded previously unattainable sensitivity in the 3–79 keV range, revealing that the spectrum softens when the source is dimmer until the X-ray spectral shape saturates into a steep ${\rm{\Gamma }}\approx 3$ power law, with no evidence for an exponential cutoff or additional hard components up to ~80 keV. For the first time, we observed both the synchrotron and the inverse-Compton peaks of the spectral energy distribution (SED) simultaneously shifted to frequencies below the typical quiescent state by an order of magnitude. The fractional variability as a function of photon energy shows a double-bump structure that relates to the two bumps of the broadband SED. In each bump, the variability increases with energy, which, in the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model, implies that the electrons with higher energies are more variable. The measured multi band variability, the significant X-ray-to-VHE correlation down to some of the lowest fluxes ever observed in both bands, the lack of correlation between optical/UV and X-ray flux, the low degree of polarization and its significant (random) variations, the short estimated electron cooling time, and the significantly longer variability timescale observed in the NuSTAR light curves point toward in situ electron acceleration and suggest that there are multiple compact regions contributing to the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during low-activity states., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2016
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15. Antiproton Flux, Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio, and Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: AMS Collaboration, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başecmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Boella, G., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García, B., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guerri, I., Guo, K. H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, T., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, W., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lv, S. S., Majka, R., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Sun, W. H., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Willenbrock, M., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xia, X., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. D., Zhang, S. W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhu, Z. Q., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Vitillo, Stefania, Willenbrock, Manfred, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, Y, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gómez Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guerri, I, Guo, K, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Majka, R, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Picot Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Willenbrock, M, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xia, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhu, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Goglov, Pavel, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Tsai-hsiu, Kounine, Andrei, Kounina, Olga, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Krafczyk, Matthew Scott, Lebedev, A., Li, J. Q., Plyaskin, Vasily, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Sun, W. H., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, J., Zhang, S. D., Zhang, Zhan, Zhu, Z. Q., Zuccon, Paolo, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başecmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Boella, G., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y.M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García, B., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guerri, I., Guo, K.H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M.S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, W., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lv, S.S., Majka, R., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D.C., Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Sun, W.H., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Willenbrock, M., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xia, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.D., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhu, Z.Q., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., and Zuccon, P.
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Elementary particle, Electron, ddc:500.2, Antiprotons, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Rays, anti-protons, Space missions, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Flux (metallurgy), Rigidity (electromagnetism), Positron, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Dark matter, ddc:530, AMS, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmology, Elementary particles, Rigidity, Space stations, Spectrometers Alpha magnetic spectrometers, Antiproton flux, Flux ratio, International Space stations, Precision measurement, Proton events, Proton flux, Physics, ta115, ta114, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ASTROFÍSICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, 13. Climate action, Antiproton, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A precision measurement by AMS of the antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio in primary cosmic rays in the absolute rigidity range from 1 to 450 GV is presented based on 3.49×10^{5} antiproton events and 2.42×10^{9} proton events. The fluxes and flux ratios of charged elementary particles in cosmic rays are also presented. In the absolute rigidity range ∼60 to ∼500 GV, the antiproton p[over ¯], proton p, and positron e^{+} fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron e^{-} flux exhibits a different rigidity dependence. Below 60 GV, the (p[over ¯]/p), (p[over ¯]/e^{+}), and (p/e^{+}) flux ratios each reaches a maximum. From ∼60 to ∼500 GV, the (p[over ¯]/p), (p[over ¯]/e^{+}), and (p/e^{+}) flux ratios show no rigidity dependence. These are new observations of the properties of elementary particles in the cosmos., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. 1455202), Wyle Research (Firm), United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (Grant No. HELIO15F-0005)
Published: 2016
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16. Spectral Energy Distribution of Markarian 501: Quiescent State Versus Extreme Outburst

Author: Acciari, V.-A., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sembroski, G. H., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Boller, A., Konopelko, A., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steele, D., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Swordy, S. P., Krähenbühl, T., Boltuch, D., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Theiling, M., the MAGIC Collaboration, the VERITAS Collaboration, Kranich, D., Thibadeau, S., Bonnoli, G., Torres, D. F., Vankov, H., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wagner, R. M., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Krause, J., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Bordas, P., Weisgarber, T., Weitzel, Q., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Krawczynski, H., Zitzer, B., Borla Tridon, D., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Böttcher, M., Bradbury, S.-M., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Buckley, J.-H., Bugaev, V., Krennrich, F., Camara, M., Cannon, A., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., La Barbera, A., Covino, S., Cui, W., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Cea del Pozo, E., Delgado Mendez, C., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Diago Ortega, A., Leonardo, E., Dickherber, R., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Duke, C., Elsaesser, D., Errando, M., Lindfors, E., Falcone, A., Ferenc, D., Finley, J . P., Finnegan, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Lombardi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godambe, S., Godinovic, N., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hadasch, D., Beilicke, M., Hanna, D., Hayashida, M., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Höhne-Mönch, D., Holder, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Longo, F., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Jogler, T., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Klepser, S., López, M., Lorenz, E., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Benbow, W., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Berdyugin, A., Moldón, J., Moralejo, A., Moriarty, P., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Ong, R. A., Orito, R., Otte, A. N., Oya, I., Pandel, D., Berger, K., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Bernardini, E., Peruzzo, L., Pichel, A., Pochon, J., Pohl, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Quinn, J., Biland, A., Ragan, K., Reichardt, I., Reinthal, R., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Roache, E., Blanch, O., Rose, H. J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sánchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Bock, R. K., Schroedter, M., Universitat de Barcelona, Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Böttcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Madhavan, A. S., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Moriarty, P., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Aleksić, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borla Tridon, D., Bosch Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Cea del Pozo, E., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Delgado Mendez, C., Diago Ortega, A., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Höhne Mönch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krähenbühl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldón, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, L., Pochon, J., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sánchez Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Paneque, D., and Hayashida, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, Raigs gamma, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, X-RAY, RADIATION, BLAZAR, PERFORMANCE, EVOLUTION, ASTRONOMY, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, galaxies [X-rays], BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 501 = VER J1653+397) — galaxies: active — gamma rays: observations — radiation mechanisms: non-thermal — X-rays: galaxies, bl lacertae objects: individual (markarian 501=ver j1653+397), active [galaxies], Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Active galactic nucleus, gamma ray astronomy, IMAGING CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Photon energy, gamma rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501 {\amp}equals VER J1653+397, X-rays: galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, individual: Markarian 501 {\amp}equals VER J1653+397 [BL Lacertae objects], Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520, Order of magnitude, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 has a well-studied history of extreme spectral variability and is an excellent laboratory for studying the physical processes within the jets of active galactic nuclei. However, there are few detailed multiwavelength studies of Markarian 501 during its quiescent state, due to its low luminosity. A short-term multiwavelength study of Markarian 501 was coordinated in March 2009, focusing around a multi-day observation with the Suzaku X-ray satellite and including {\gamma}-ray data from VERITAS, MAGIC, and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with the goal of providing a well-sampled multiwavelength baseline measurement of Markarian 501 in the quiescent state. The results of these quiescent-state observations are compared to the historically extreme outburst of April 16, 1997, with the goal of examining variability of the spectral energy distribution between the two states. The derived broadband spectral energy distribution shows the characteristic double-peaked profile. We find that the X-ray peak shifts by over two orders of magnitude in photon energy between the two flux states while the VHE peak varies little. The limited shift in the VHE peak can be explained by the transition to the Klein-Nishina regime. Synchrotron self-Compton models are matched to the data and the implied Klein-Nishina effects are explored., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 25 pages, 6 figures, corresponding authors: Daniel Gall daniel-d-gall@uiowa.edu and Wei Cui cui@purdue.edu
Published: 2011
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17. Measurement of the Crab Nebula spectrum over three decades in energy with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Biasuzzi, B., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Biland, A., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Blanch, O., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Bonnefoy, S., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Bonnoli, G., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zanin, R., Borracci, F., Horns, D., Martín, J., Meyer, M., MAGIC Collaboration, Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Antonelli, L. A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Antoranz, P., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Babic, A., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Bangale, P., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Barrio, J. A., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Becerra González, J., López, M., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Bednarek, W., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Bernardini, E., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Very high energy gamma rays, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, Raigs gamma, Crab Nebula, MAGIC telescopes, Pulsar wind nebulae, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Nebula, ta115, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Light curve, Púlsars, Wavelength, Spectral energy distribution, Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, very high energy gamma rays, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Telescopes
Abstract: The MAGIC stereoscopic system collected 69 hours of Crab Nebula data between October 2009 and April 2011. Analysis of this data sample using the latest improvements in the MAGIC stereoscopic software provided an unprecedented precision of spectral and night-by-night light curve determination at gamma rays. We derived a differential spectrum with a single instrument from 50 GeV up to almost 30 TeV with 5 bins per energy decade. At low energies, MAGIC results, combined with Fermi-LAT data, show a flat and broad Inverse Compton peak. The overall fit to the data between 1 GeV and 30 TeV is not well described by a log-parabola function. We find that a modified log-parabola function with an exponent of 2.5 instead of 2 provides a good description of the data ($\chi^2=35/26$). Using systematic uncertainties of red the MAGIC and Fermi-LAT measurements we determine the position of the Inverse Compton peak to be at (53 $\pm$ 3stat + 31syst -13syst) GeV, which is the most precise estimation up to date and is dominated by the systematic effects. There is no hint of the integral flux variability on daily scales at energies above 300 GeV when systematic uncertainties are included in the flux measurement. We consider three state- of-the-art theoretical models to describe the overall spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula. The constant B-field model cannot satisfactorily reproduce the VHE spectral measurements presented in this work, having particular difficulty reproducing the broadness of the observed IC peak. Most probably this implies that the assumption of the homogeneity of the magnetic field inside the nebula is incorrect. On the other hand, the time-dependent 1D spectral model provides a good fit of the new VHE results when considering a 80 {\mu}G magnetic field. However, it fails to match the data when including the morphology of the nebula at lower wavelengths., Comment: accepted by JHEAp, 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2015
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18. MAGIC discovery of Very High Energy Emission from the FSRQ PKS 1222+21

Author: Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L.-A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Hadasch, D., Häfner, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Höhne-Mönch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Huber, B., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Prada, F., Krähenbühl, T., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., Lorenz, E., MAGIC Collaboration, Prada Moroni, P. G., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Prandini, E., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldón, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Puljak, I., Pardo, S., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, L., Pilia, M., Pochon, J., Reichardt, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rügamer, S., Biland, A., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Blanch, O., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Bock, R. K., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Tanaka, Y. T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thom, M., Tibolla, O., Boller, A., Torres, D. F., Treves, A., Vankov, H., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Wood, D. L., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Bonnoli, G., Borla Tridon, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Cañellas, A., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Cossio, L., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Cea del Pozo, E., Delgado Mendez, C., De Lotto, B., Diago Ortega, A., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido, D., Giavitto, G., Godinovic, N., and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Raigs còsmics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Flux, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, quasars: individual: PKS 1222+21, Spectral line, UPPER LIMITS, 0103 physical sciences, SPECTRA, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Quasars, Cherenkov radiation, Quàsars, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION, CONSTRAINTS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, BLAZARS, 3C 279, EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT, Crab Nebula, Extragalactic background light, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, RELATIVISTIC JETS, RADIATION, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1222+ 21 (4C 21.35, z = 0.432) was detected with the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes during a short observation (similar to 0.5 hr) performed on 2010 June 17. The MAGIC detection coincides with high-energy MeV/ GeV gamma-ray activity measured by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite. The VHE spectrum measured by MAGIC extends from about 70 GeV up to at least 400 GeV and can be well described by a power-law dN/dE proportional to E-Gamma with a photon index Gamma = 3.75 +/- 0.27(stat) +/- 0.2(syst). The averaged integral flux above 100 GeV is (4.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-10) cm(-2) s(-1) (similar to 1 Crab Nebula flux). The VHE flux measured by MAGIC varies significantly within the 30 minute exposure implying a flux doubling time of about 10 minutes. The VHE and MeV/GeV spectra, corrected for the absorption by the extragalactic background light (EBL), can be described by a single power law with photon index 2.72 +/- 0.34 between 3 GeV and 400 GeV, and is consistent with emission belonging to a single component in the jet. The absence of a spectral cutoff constrains the gamma-ray emission region to lie outside the broad-line region, which would otherwise absorb the VHE gamma-rays. Together with the detected fast variability, this challenges present emission models from jets in FSRQs. Moreover, the combined Fermi/LAT and MAGIC spectral data yield constraints on the density of the EBL in the UV-optical to near-infrared range that are compatible with recent models.
Published: 2011
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19. Extreme HBL behavior of Markarian 501 during 2012

Author: Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Bednarek, W., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, Giovanna, Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic$, Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Bernardini, E., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sitarek, J., Berti, A., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Bhattacharyya, W., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Arbet-Engels, A., Blanch, O., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Biland, A., Blank, M., Bretz, T., Bruegge, K., Bulinski, M., Buss, J., Dmytriiev, A., Dorner, D., Bonnoli, G., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Herbst, T., Hildebrand, D., Kortmann, L., Linhoff, L., Mahlke, M., Mannheim, K., Mueller, S. A., Neise, D., Carosi, R., Neronov, A., Noethe, M., Oberkirch, J., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Schulz, F., Sedlaczek, K., Shukla, A., Sliusar, V., Carosi, A., Walter, R., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brose, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Chatterjee, A., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Gillanders, G. H., Gueta, O., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Huetten, Moritz, Colak, S. M., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, Maria, Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Antonelli, L. A., Colin, P., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, Gernot, McArthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Colombo, E., Petrashyk, A., Pichel, A., Pohl, Martin, Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Contreras, J. L., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Cortina, J., Wilhel, A., Williams, D. A., J Williamson, T., Zitzer, B., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Larionov, V. M., Covino, S., Blinov, D. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Nikiforova, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Cumani, P., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kimeridze, G. N., Chigladze, R. A., Strigachev, A., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Chen, W. P., Lin, H. C., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Arévalo, M. J., Da Vela, P., Carnerero, M. I., González-Morales, P. A., Manilla-Robles, A., Jermak, H., Steele, I., Mundel, C., Benítez, E., Hiriart, D., Smith, P. S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Dazzi, F., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Hovatta, T., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Georganopoulos, M., Baring, M. G., MAGIC Collaboration, FACT Collaboration, De Angelis, A., VERITAS Collaboration, De Lotto, B., Arcaro, C., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Doro, M., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Babić, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Banerjee, B., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Bangale, P., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Barrio, J. A., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Becerra González, J., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barresde Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerragonzález, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Ierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Doro, M., Eisenacher Lawion, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuve Dić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Biland, A., Blank, M., Bretz, T., Bruegge, K., Bulinski, M., Buss, J., Dmytriiev, A., Dorner, D., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Herbst, T., Hildebrand, D., Kortmann, L., Linhoff, L., Mahlke, M., Mannheim, K., Mueller, S. A., Neise, D., Neronov, A., Noethe, M., Oberkirch, J., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Schulz, F., Sedlaczek, K., Shukla, A., Sliusar, V., Walter, R., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brose, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Christiansen, J. L., Cui, W., Daniel, M. K., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Gillanders, G. H., Gueta, O., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Hütten, M., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lin, T. T. Y., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Petrashyk, A., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Sushch, I., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wells, R. M., Wilcox, P., Wilhel, A., Williams, D. A., J Williamson, T., Zitzer, B., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Jorstad, S. G., Larionov, V. M., Blinov, D. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Nikiforova, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kimeridze, G. N., Chigladze, R. A., Strigachev, A., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Chen, W. P., Lin, H. C., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Arévalo, M. J., Carnerero, M. I., González-Morales, P. A., Manilla-Robles, A., Jermak, H., Steele, I., Mundell, C., Benítez, E., Hiriart, D., Smith, P. S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Hovatta, T., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Georganopoulos, M., Baring, M. G., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Udine, Osservatorio Astronomicodi Roma, University of Padova, University of Rijeka, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) Munchen, Complutense University, Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias, University of Lódz, Deutsches Elektronensynchroton DESY, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, University of Siena, University of La Laguna, Università di Padova and INFN, Technische Universität Dortmund, University of Würzburg, University of Turku, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, University of Tokyo, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and Metsähovi Radio Observatory
Subjects: Astrofísica, Acceleration of particles, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, VHE [gamma ray], astroparticle physics, acceleration of particles, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk501, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, law, Gamma ray astronomy, flux [gamma ray], individual: Mrk501 [BL Lacertae objects], MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501, Methods: data analysis, Methods: observational, Polarization, Acceleration of particle, Synchrotron, VERITAS, Física nuclear, Compton scattering, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, density [energy], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astroparticle physic, blazar, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, Astronomia de raigs gamma, Blazar, energy [electron], Cherenkov radiation, emission [energy], non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], energy spectrum [X-ray], Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Spectral component, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxies, MAGIC, Galàxies, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, Cherenkov counter, injection, 115 Astronomy and space science, correlation, fractional, ddc:520, spectral, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: A multiwavelength campaign was organized to take place between March and July of 2012. Excellent temporal coverage was obtained with more than 25 instruments, including the MAGIC, FACT and VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes, the instruments on board the Swift and Fermi spacecraft, and the telescopes operated by the GASP-WEBT collaboration. Mrk 501 showed a very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux above 0.2 TeV of $\sim$0.5 times the Crab Nebula flux (CU) for most of the campaign. The highest activity occurred on 2012 June 9, when the VHE flux was $\sim$3 CU, and the peak of the high-energy spectral component was found to be at $\sim$2 TeV. This study reports very hard X-ray spectra, and the hardest VHE spectra measured to date for Mrk 501. The fractional variability was found to increase with energy, with the highest variability occurring at VHE, and a significant correlation between the X-ray and VHE bands. The unprecedentedly hard X-ray and VHE spectra measured imply that their low- and high-energy components peaked above 5 keV and 0.5 TeV, respectively, during a large fraction of the observing campaign, and hence that Mrk 501 behaved like an extreme high-frequency- peaked blazar (EHBL) throughout the 2012 observing season. This suggests that being an EHBL may not be a permanent characteristic of a blazar, but rather a state which may change over time. The one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario can successfully describe the segments of the SED where most energy is emitted, with a significant correlation between the electron energy density and the VHE gamma-ray activity, suggesting that most of the variability may be explained by the injection of high-energy electrons. The one-zone SSC scenario used reproduces the behaviour seen between the measured X-ray and VHE gamma-ray fluxes, and predicts that the correlation becomes stronger with increasing energy of the X-rays., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Gareth Hughes (gareth.hughes@cfa.harvard.edu), David Paneque (dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de), Amit Shukla (amit.shukla@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de)
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20. Deep observation of the NGC 1275 region with MAGIC: search of diffuse gamma-ray emission from cosmic rays in the Perseus cluster

Author: Magic, Collaboration, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Michele Doro, Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Coto, R., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vazquez Acosta, M., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., and, Pfrommer, C., Pinzke, A., Zandanel, F., Universitat de Barcelona, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P, Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vazquez Acosta, M., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Pfrommer, C., Pinzke, A., Zandanel, F., and GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Photon, Raigs còsmics, Astrophysics, galaxies: clusters: individual: Perseus, 01 natural sciences, Virial theorem, INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD, HADRONIC MODELS, gamma rays: galaxies: clusters, acceleration of particles, galaxies: individual: NGC 1275, galaxies: individual: NGC 1265, clusters: individual: Perseus, INVERSE-COMPTON, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, galaxies: cluster [Gamma rays], Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, galaxies, individual: NGC 1265, Clusters of galaxies, TEV BLAZARS, PAIR BEAMS, Gamma ray, Acceleration of particle, symbols, clusters: individual: Perseu [Galaxies], Electrónica, Física nuclear, Acceleration of particles, Galaxies: clusters: individual: Perseus, Galaxies: individual: NGC 1265, Galaxies: individual: NGC 1275, Gamma rays: galaxies: clusters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cúmuls de galàxies, COMA CLUSTER, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Faraday effect, LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE, Cluster (physics), education, Cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, COSMOLOGICAL SHOCK-WAVES, individual: NGC 1275 [Galaxies], Astronomy and Astrophysic, RADIO MINI-HALOS, EMISSION, GALAXY, CLUSTERS, Galaxy, individual: NGC 1265 [Galaxies], ddc:520
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 589, A33(2016). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527846, Clusters of galaxies are expected to be reservoirs of cosmic rays (CRs) that should produce diffuse γ-ray emission due to their hadronic interactions with the intra-cluster medium. The nearby Perseus cool-core cluster, identified as the most promising target to search for such an emission, has been observed with the MAGIC telescopes at very-high energies (VHE, E ≳ 100 GeV) for a total of 253 h from 2009 to 2014. The active nuclei of NGC 1275, the central dominant galaxy of the cluster, and IC 310, lying at about 0.6° from the centre, have been detected as point-like VHE γ-ray emitters during the first phase of this campaign. We report an updated measurement of the NGC 1275 spectrum, which is described well by a power law with a photon index Γ = 3.6 ± 0.2stat ± 0.2syst between 90 GeV and 1200 GeV. We do not detect any diffuse γ-ray emission from the cluster and so set stringent constraints on its CR population. To bracket the uncertainties over the CR spatial and spectral distributions, we adopt different spatial templates and power-law spectral indexes α. For α = 2.2, the CR-to-thermal pressure within the cluster virial radius is constrained to be ≲ 1−2%, except if CRs can propagate out of the cluster core, generating a flatter radial distribution and releasing the CR-to-thermal pressure constraint to ≲ 20%. Assuming that the observed radio mini-halo of Perseus is generated by secondary electrons from CR hadronic interactions, we can derive lower limits on the central magnetic field, B0, that depend on the CR distribution. For α = 2.2, B0 ≳ 5−8 μG, which is below the ~25 μG inferred from Faraday rotation measurements, whereas for α ≲ 2.1, the hadronic interpretation of the diffuse radio emission contrasts with our γ-ray flux upper limits independently of the magnetic field strength., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
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21. Discovery of TeV γ-ray emission from the neighbourhood of the supernova remnant G24.7+0.6 by MAGIC

Author: R. J. García López, P G Prada Moroni, C. Arcaro, M. Vazquez Acosta, Masahiro Teshima, Elina Lindfors, Nikola Godinovic, Victoria Moreno, Daniel Mazin, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fernández-Barral, Chiara Righi, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, L. Nogués, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, Lluis Font, D. Dorner, A. Lamastra, M. Minev, R. Zanin, P. Temnikov, D. Elsaesser, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Marcel Strzys, V. D'Elia, Martin Will, Stefano Covino, D. Zarić, Adrian Biland, D.F. Torres, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, B. Banerjee, A. Fattorini, Marc Ribó, S. Ansoldi, P. Giammaria, M. A. Lopez, Karl Mannheim, P. Bangale, Junko Kushida, J. Delgado, J. Rico, Kyoshi Nishijima, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Satoshi Masuda, John Hoang, U. Barres de Almeida, Arka Chatterjee, Tarek M. Hassan, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. Paiano, Aaron Dominguez, F. Di Pierro, D. Kuveždić, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alexander Hahn, D. Hadasch, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, D. Fidalgo, Juan Abel Barrio, J. Becerra González, J. E. Ward, Damir Lelas, Francesco Longo, I. Snidaric, Sidika Merve Colak, G. Ferrara, E. Colombo, Sabrina Einecke, M. Delfino, Lab Saha, D. Dominis Prester, Alessio Berti, Ievgen Vovk, Louis Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, S. Gallozzi, Gaia Vanzo, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, A. De Angelis, D. Ninci, Michele Doro, Dorota Sobczyńska, Martin Makariev, Ana Babić, Oscar Blanch, R. Mirzoyan, Vitaly Neustroev, W. Bednarek, T. Schweizer, Jose Luis Contreras, Christian Fruck, Julian Sitarek, Juan Cortina, J. Herrera, V. Fallah Ramazani, G. Bonnoli, David Paneque, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, A. López-Oramas, Ivica Puljak, D. Guberman, Elisa Bernardini, G. Pedaletti, G. Maneva, D. Baack, M. Persic, P. Colin, V. A. Acciari, P. Da Vela, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, Tomislav Terzić, Kari Nilsson, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, J. R. Garcia, Camilla Maggio, Kazuma Ishio, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, A. Niedzwiecki, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Peresano, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, D. Galindo, Francesco Leone, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, Edgar Molina, B. De Lotto, Markus Gaug, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, W. Rhode, Francesco Dazzi, A. Somero, Pablo Peñil, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., De Almeida, U Barre, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Torres, D. F., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cloud [ISM], ISM:supernova remnants, acceleration of particles, ISM: clouds, cosmic rays, ISM: supernova remnants, gamma-rays: general, astro-ph.HE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, acceleration of particle, cosmic ray, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova remnants [ISM], Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, ISM:supernova remnants, ISM: clouds, gamma-rays: general, Acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, gamma-rays: general, ISM: clouds, ISM: supernova remnants, Supernova, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, supernova remnant [ISM], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, clouds [ISM], general [gamma-rays], Radio wave
Abstract: SNR G24.7+0.6 is a 9.5 kyrs radio and $\gamma$-ray supernova remnant evolving in a dense medium. In the GeV regime, SNR G24.7+0.6 (3FHL\,J1834.1--0706e/FGES\,J1834.1--0706) shows a hard spectral index ($\Gamma$$\sim$2) up to $200$\,GeV, which makes it a good candidate to be observed with Cherenkov telescopes such as MAGIC. We observed the field of view of \snr\ with the MAGIC telescopes for a total of 31 hours. We detect very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from an extended source located 0.34\degr\ away from the center of the radio SNR. The new source, named \mgc\ is detected up to 5\,TeV, and its spectrum is well-represented by a power-law function with spectral index of $2.74 \pm 0.08$. The complexity of the region makes the identification of the origin of the very-high energy emission difficult, however the spectral agreement with the LAT source and overlapping position at less than 1.5$\sigma$ point to a common origin. We analysed 8 years of \fermi-LAT data to extend the spectrum of the source down to 60\,MeV. \fermi-LAT and MAGIC spectra overlap within errors and the global broad band spectrum is described by a power-law with exponential cutoff at $1.9\pm0.5$\,TeV. The detected $\gamma$-ray emission can be interpreted as the results of proton-proton interaction between the supernova and the CO-rich surrounding., Comment: accepted for publication by MNRAS
Published: 2019
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22. Detection of persistent VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510–089 by the MAGIC telescopes during low states between 2012 and 2017

Author: M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Sabrina Einecke, Jae-Young Kim, M. Makariev, Aaron Dominguez, Alicia Fattorini, G. Pedaletti, Ivica Puljak, Stefano Covino, B. De Lotto, Pierre Colin, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Walter Max-Moerbeck, J. Becerra González, A. Arbet Engels, A. De Angelis, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Peresano, Chiara Righi, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Elsaesser, J. Palacio, Satoshi Masuda, J. E. Ward, Juan Cortina, Takashi Saito, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, P. Temnikov, Sidika Merve Colak, Wolfgang Rhode, Giovanni Ceribella, I. Agudo, José L. Gómez, V. A. Acciari, Antonio Stamerra, D. Hadasch, D. Fidalgo, Camilla Maggio, Abelardo Moralejo, A. López-Oramas, P. Munar-Adrover, E. Moretti, Daniela Dorner, Pablo Peñil, Alexander Hahn, Dominik Baack, Gaia Vanzo, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, Joni Tammi, Adrian Biland, Elina Lindfors, Jürgen Besenrieder, C. M. Raiteri, Louis Antonelli, Sol N. Molina, Daniel Mazin, Ievgen Vovk, A. Berti, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, K. Nishijima, Manuel Delfino, M. Gaug, R. J. García López, Nikola Godinovic, D. Dominis Prester, J. Rico, V. Ramakrishnan, Francesco Longo, Pratik Majumdar, D. Zarić, M. V. Fonseca, J. Herrera, T. Schweizer, Antonio Fuentes, Sebastian Kiehlmann, Marc Ribó, Ana Babić, A. Somero, Koji Noda, L. Maraschi, E. Prandini, Elisa Bernardini, P. Giammaria, V. Fallah Ramazani, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, Stefano Ansoldi, S. Paiano, Efthalia Traianou, Riccardo Paoletti, Tomislav Terzić, Ciro Bigongiari, Clemens Thum, B. Banerjee, P. G. Prada Moroni, Hidetoshi Kubo, C. Arcaro, J. van Scherpenberg, Karl Mannheim, I. Snidaric, Oscar Blanch, D. Kuveždić, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, F. Leone, Carolina Casadio, Kari Nilsson, Damir Lelas, Anne Lähteenmäki, Masahiro Teshima, Stefan Cikota, M. Strzys, M. Will, Markus Garczarczyk, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Ninci, M. Vazquez Acosta, Angela Sandrinelli, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, G. Ferrara, M. Minev, Victoria Moreno, G. Bonnoli, Kazuma Ishio, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Dario Hrupec, Luca Foffano, Ll. Font, L. Nogués, M. A. Lopez, Rodolfo Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, J. M. Paredes, J. R. Garcia, V. D'Elia, Saverio Lombardi, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Ioannis Myserlis, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, E. Molina, E. Colombo, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Lab Saha, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, D. Guberman, Jordi Delgado, F. Di Pierro, Talvikki Hovatta, P. Da Vela, Julian Sitarek, C. Fruck, N. Torres-Albà, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Alessandra Lamastra, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., DI Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Becerra González, J., Raiteri, C. M., Sandrinelli, A., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Tornikoski, M., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Thum, C., Agudo, I., Molina, S. N., Gómez, J. L., Fuentes, A., Casadio, C., Traianou, E., Myserlis, I., Kim, J. -Y., Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, and Junta de Andalucía
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, jet [Galaxies], law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Jets (Astrofísica), Broadband, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, galaxie [Gamma rays], Gamma ray, Galaxies: active, 3. Good health, Magnetic field, Gamma rays: galaxies, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Galaxies: jets, Quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Flare, Spectral shape analysis, active [Galaxies], astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, individual: PKS 1510-089 [Quasars], Quasars, Quàsars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Quasar, Plasma, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysical jets, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies]
Abstract: PKS 1510-089 is a flat spectrum radio quasar strongly variable in the optical and GeV range. To date, very high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) emission has been observed from this source either during long high states of optical and GeV activity or during short flares. Aims. We search for low-state VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089. We characterize and model the source in a broadband context, which would provide a baseline over which high states and flares could be better understood. Methods. PKS 1510-089 has been monitored by the MAGIC telescopes since 2012. We use daily binned Fermi-LAT flux measurements of PKS 1510-089 to characterize the GeV emission and select the observation periods of MAGIC during low state of activity. For the selected times we compute the average radio, IR, optical, UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray emission to construct a low-state spectral energy distribution of the source. The broadband emission is modeled within an external Compton scenario with a stationary emission region through which plasma and magnetic fields are flowing. We also perform the emission-model-independent calculations of the maximum absorption in the broad line region (BLR) using two different models. Results. The MAGIC telescopes collected 75 hr of data during times when the Fermi-LAT flux measured above 1 GeV was below 3? × 10 -8 ? cm -2 ? s -1 , which is the threshold adopted for the definition of a low gamma-ray activity state. The data show a strongly significant (9.5¿) VHE gamma-ray emission at the level of (4.27 ± 0.61 stat ) × 10 -12 ? cm -2 ? s -1 above 150 GeV, a factor of 80 lower than the highest flare observed so far from this object. Despite the lower flux, the spectral shape is consistent with earlier detections in the VHE band. The broadband emission is compatible with the external Compton scenario assuming a large emission region located beyond the BLR. For the first time the gamma-ray data allow us to place a limit on the location of the emission region during a low gamma-ray state of a FSRQ. For the used model of the BLR, the 95% confidence level on the location of the emission region allows us to place it at a distance > 74% of the outer radius of the BLR. © ESO 2018., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Exce-lencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. IA acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economía, Industria, y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. Acquisition and reduction of the POLAMI and MAPCAT data was supported in part by MINECO through grants AYA2010-14844, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2016-80889-P, and by the Regional Government of Andalucía through grant P09-FQM-4784.
Published: 2018
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23. Multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar S5 0716+714 during an unprecedented outburst phase

Author: Mark Gurwell, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Elina Lindfors, D. Gasparrini, Antonio Stamerra, Daniel Mazin, J. Becerra González, Alessandro Carosi, B. De Lotto, Francesco Longo, A. Berti, Ievgen Vovk, G. A. Borman, Rodrigo Reeves, Abelardo Moralejo, M. Peresano, N. Torres-Albà, P. Giammaria, Helen Jermak, V. Fallah Ramazani, Juan Abel Barrio, G. Pedaletti, Adrian Biland, G. Bonnoli, M. Minev, I. Reichardt, T. Schweizer, D. Bastieri, I. Snidaric, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Satoshi Masuda, R. J. García López, Alexander Hahn, Stefano Covino, Dario Hrupec, J. Kushida, J. Rico, J. Anton Zensus, Arka Chatterjee, Alan P. Marscher, Mosè Mariotti, M. A. Lopez, Dominik Baack, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Mitsunari Takahashi, A. C. S. Readhead, J. E. Ward, K. Mielke, D. Galindo, Aaron Dominguez, Jose Luis Contreras, Svetlana G. Jorstad, J. R. Garcia, D. Fidalgo, Massimo Persic, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, L. Maraschi, D. Kuveždić, K. Nishijima, D. Dominis Prester, J. M. Paredes, Sidika Merve Colak, E. N. Kopatskaya, D. J. Thompson, Juan Cortina, P. G. Prada Moroni, Giovanni Ceribella, Julian Sitarek, Stefano Ansoldi, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Emmanouil Angelakis, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, C. Fruck, Tomislav Terzić, Riccardo Paoletti, Chiara Righi, B. Lott, Jordi Delgado, A. Niedzwiecki, G. M. Madejski, D. Hadasch, F. Di Pierro, Saverio Lombardi, A. De Angelis, M. Strzys, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, L. V. Larionova, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, Yusuke Konno, L. Nogués, P. Temnikov, Andrea Rugliancich, Tarek M. Hassan, Krzysztof Nalewajko, W. Bednarek, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Sergey S. Savchenko, Victoria Moreno, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Ryosuke Itoh, P. Da Vela, Alexander Kraus, E. Moretti, Louis Antonelli, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Bindu Rani, T. J. Pearson, Valeri M. Larionov, T. Nagayoshi, G. Maneva, D. Guberman, Manuel Delfino, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, S. Paiano, T. Surić, J. Herrera, Marina Manganaro, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Koji Noda, Ana Babić, Elisa Bernardini, Emilia Järvelä, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Masahiro Teshima, Karl Mannheim, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, Nikola Godinovic, Ioannis Myserlis, Merja Tornikoski, E. Colombo, Markus Garczarczyk, N. P. M. Kuin, L. O. Takalo, P. Cumani, Kazuma Ishio, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, Rodolfo Carosi, J. Palacio, V. Ramakrishnan, M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Sabrina Einecke, M. Makariev, E. Prandini, Iain A. Steele, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, A. A. Vasilyev, Dorota Sobczyńska, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, Sol N. Molina, D. A. Morozova, D. Ninci, A. Y. Lien, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, Walter Max-Moerbeck, R. Ch. Berse, M. Hayashida, D. Zarić, Wolfgang Rhode, Marc Ribó, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, MWL, Fermi-LAT, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Ch Berse, R., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Bastieri, D., Gasparrini, D., Lott, B., Rani, B., Thompson, D. J., Agudo, I., Angelakis, E., Borman, G. A., Casadio, C., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M., Hovatta, T., Itoh, R., Järvelä, E., Jermak, H., Jorstad, S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kraus, A., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuin, N. P. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, L. V., Lien, A. Y., Madejski, G., Marscher, A., Myserlis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Molina, S. N., Morozova, D. A., Nalewajko, K., Pearson, T. J., Ramakrishnan, V., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Savchenko, S. S., Steele, I. A., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I., Vasilyev, A. A., Anton Zensus, J., Japanese Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Croatian Science Foundation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Academy of Finland, Smithsonian Institution, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Russian Science Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: BL Lacertae objects: individual: S5 0716+714, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies [Gamma rays], active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], Radio spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, galaxie [Gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Redshift, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], Física nuclear, individual: S5 0716+714 [BL Lacertae objects], gamma-rays: galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], BL Lac object, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Context. The BL Lac object S5 0716+714, a highly variable blazar, underwent an impressive outburst in January 2015 (Phase A), followed by minor activity in February (Phase B). The MAGIC observations were triggered by the optical flux observed in Phase A, corresponding to the brightest ever reported state of the source in the R-band. Aims.The comprehensive dataset collected is investigated in order to shed light on the mechanism of the broadband emission. Methods. Multi-wavelength light curves have been studied together with the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The sample includes data from Effelsberg, OVRO, Metsähovi, VLBI, CARMA, IRAM, SMA, Swift-UVOT, KVA, Tuorla, Steward, RINGO3, KANATA, AZT-8+ST7, Perkins, LX-200, Swift-XRT, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT and MAGIC. Results. The flaring state of Phase A was detected in all the energy bands, providing for the first time a multi-wavelength sample of simultaneous data from the radio band to the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV). In the constructed SED, the Swift-XRT+NuSTAR data constrain the transition between the synchrotron and inverse Compton components very accurately, while the second peak is constrained from 0.1 GeV to 600 GeV by Fermi+MAGIC data. The broadband SED cannot be described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model as it severely underestimates the optical flux in order to reproduce the X-ray to -ray data. Instead we use a two-zone model. The electric vector position angle (EVPA) shows an unprecedented fast rotation. An estimation of the redshift of the source by combined high-energy (HE, 0.1 GeV < E < 100 GeV) and VHE data provides a value of z = 0:31 ± 0:02 ± 0:05, confirming the literature value. Conclusions. The data show the VHE emission originating in the entrance and exit of a superluminal knot in and out of a recollimation shock in the inner jet. A shock-shock interaction in the jet seems responsible for the observed flares and EVPA swing. This scenario is also consistent with the SED modeling. © ESO 2018., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. We thank the Swift team duty scientists and science planners., The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). The VLBA is an instrument of the Long Baseline Observatory. The Long Baseline Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The Sub-millimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G and NNX14AQ89G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The BU group acknowledges support by NASA under Fermi Guest Investigator grant NNX14AQ58G and by NSF under grant AST-1615796. Part of this work was done with funding by the UK Space Agency. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The PRISM (Perkins Re-Imaging SysteM) camera at Lowell Observatory was developed by K. Janes et al. at BU and Lowell Observatory, with funding from the NSF, BU, and Lowell Observatory. This paper makes use of data obtained with the 100m Effelsberg radio-telescope, which is operated by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomy (MPIfR) in Bonn (Germany). Part of this work is based on archival data, software or online services provided by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC). PYRAF is a product of the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA for NASA. This paper is partly based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). IA acknowledges support by a Ramon y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. The research at the IAA-CSIC was supported in part by the MINECO through grants AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2010-14844, and by the regional government of Andalucia through grant P09-FQM-4784. The Liverpool Telescope is operated by JMU with financial support from the UK-STFC.
Published: 2018
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24. Gamma-ray flaring activity of NGC 1275 in 2016-2017 measured by MAGIC

Author: Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Bednarek, W., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, Cosimo, Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Bernardini, E., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, Konstantin Johannes, Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Berse, R. Ch, Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Berti, A., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Bhattacharyya, W., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Bigongiari, C., Zarić, D., Glawion, D., Takalo, L. O., Jormanainen, J., Magic, Collaboration, Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Arcaro, C., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., SIDIKA MERVE COLAK, Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D Elia, V., Baack, D., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A., Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Dorner, D., Babić, A., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Banerjee, B., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Bangale, P., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Almeida, U. Barres, Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Barrio, J. A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., González, J. Becerra, Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Glawion, D., Takalo, L. O., and Jormanainen, J.
Subjects: Galaxies: active, Galaxies: individual: NGC 1275, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, jets [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), galaxies: jets, galaxies: individual: NGC 1275, galaxie [Gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Monitoring program, Black hole, Crab Nebula, 13. Climate action, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, individual: NGC 1275 [galaxies], Flare
Abstract: We report on the detection of flaring activity from the Fanaroff-Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 in very-high-energy (VHE, E $>$ 100 GeV) gamma rays with the MAGIC telescopes. Observations were performed between 2016 September and 2017 February as part of a monitoring program. The brightest outburst with $\sim1.5$ times the Crab Nebula flux above 100 GeV (C.U.) was observed during the night between 2016 December 31 and 2017 January 1 (fifty times higher than the mean previously measured in two observational campaigns between 2009 and 2011). Significant variability of the day-by-day light curve was measured, the shortest flux-doubling time-scales was found to be of $(611\pm101)$ min. The combined spectrum of the MAGIC data during the strongest flare state and simultaneous data from the Fermi-LAT around 2017 January 1 follows a power-law with an exponential cutoff at the energy $(492\pm35)$ GeV. Simultaneous optical flux density measurements in the R-band obtained with the KVA telescope are also presented and the correlation between the optical and gamma-ray emission is investigated. Due to possible internal pair-production, the fast flux variability constrains the Doppler factor to values which are inconsistent with a large viewing angle as observed in the radio band. We investigate different scenarios for the explanation of fast gamma-ray variability, namely emission from: magnetospheric gaps, relativistic blobs propagating in the jet (mini-jets) or external cloud (or star) entering the jet. We find that the only plausible model to account for the luminosities here observed would be the production of gamma rays in a magnetospheric gap around the central black hole only in the eventuality of an enhancement of the magnetic field threading the hole from its equipartition value with the gas pressure in the accretion flow., accepted for publications in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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25. Limits on the flux of tau neutrinos from 1 PeV to 3 EeV with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: Christian Fruck, L. Nogués, E. Moretti, Francesco Longo, Alba Fernández-Barral, Kazuma Ishio, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, D. Fidalgo, Yusuke Konno, M. Garczarczyk, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Ievgen Vovk, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, J. R. Garcia, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, M. I. Martínez, Rodolfo Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, Louis Antonelli, T. Schweizer, K. Mielke, Alessandro Carosi, B. De Lotto, Aaron Dominguez, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, T. Nagayoshi, Martin Makariev, N. Torres-Albà, M. Minev, Sabrina Einecke, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Nikola Godinovic, J. E. Ward, J. Becerra González, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, Jose Miguel Miranda, Saverio Lombardi, Andrea Rugliancich, Abelardo Moralejo, Sidika Merve Colak, Stefano Covino, Tomislav Terzić, Oscar Blanch, P. G. Prada Moroni, G. Pedaletti, E. Colombo, Marcel Strzys, Masahiro Teshima, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, J. Palacio, Julian Sitarek, J. Hose, K. Nishijima, Daniela Hadasch, R. Mirzoyan, Adrian Biland, Martin Will, J. M. Paredes, U. Barres de Almeida, I. Reichardt, L. O. Takalo, Antonio Stamerra, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, D. Elsaesser, R. Ch. Berse, Damir Lelas, M. Peresano, Marina Manganaro, D. Galindo, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Dominik Baack, Tihomir Surić, J. Rico, Dorota Sobczyńska, Wolfgang Rhode, S. Paiano, Chiara Righi, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Karl Mannheim, P. Temnikov, Dario Hrupec, Francesco Dazzi, M. Vazquez Acosta, Juan Abel Barrio, M. A. Lopez, Mitsunari Takahashi, Victoria Moreno, A. Niedzwiecki, R. J. García López, David Paneque, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, D. Guberman, E. Prandini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Massimo Persic, D. Kuveždić, Jordi Delgado, G. Bonnoli, F. Di Pierro, Manuel Delfino, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, G. Maneva, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, P. Da Vela, Ana Babić, Kari Nilsson, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Max Ludwig Ahnen, P. Giammaria, I. Snidaric, M. Hayashida, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, D. Ninci, Alexander Hahn, D. Dominis Prester, V. Fallah Ramazani, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Pierro, F. Di, Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Góra, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., and Zarić, D.
Subjects: Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Tau neutrinos, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Cherenkov telescopes, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma-ray astronomy, tau neutrinos, Spectral index, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Horizon, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cherenkov telescope, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lepton, Flare
Abstract: Astroparticle physics 102, 77 - 88 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.05.002, A search for tau neutrino induced showers with the MAGIC telescopes is presented. The MAGIC telescopes located at an altitude of 2200 m a.s.l. in the Canary Island of La Palma, can point towards the horizon or a few degrees below across an azimuthal range of about 80°. This provides a possibility to search for air showers induced by tau leptons arising from interactions of tau neutrinos in the Earth crust or the surrounding ocean. In this paper we show how such air showers can be discriminated from the background of very inclined hadronic showers by using Monte Carlo simulations. Taking into account the orography of the site, the point source acceptance and the event rates expected have been calculated for a sample of generic neutrino fluxes from photo-hadronic interactions in AGNs. The analysis of about 30 h of data taken towards the sea leads to a 90% C.L. point source limit for tau neutrinos in the energy range from 1.0 × 10$^{15}$ eV to 3.0 × 10$^{18}$ eV of about $E^{2}_{\nu_{\tau}} \times \phi (E_{\nu_{\tau}}) < 2.0 \times 10^{-4}$ GeV cm$^{-2} s^{-1}$ for an assumed power-law neutrino spectrum with spectral index $\gamma =−2$. However, with 300 h and in case of an optimistic neutrino flare model, limits of the level down to $E^{2}_{\nu_{\tau}} \times \phi (E_{\nu_{\tau}}) < 8.4 \times 10^{-6}$ GeV cm$^{-2} s^{-1}$ can be expected., Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]
Published: 2018
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26. Detection of the blazar S4 0954+65 at very-high-energy with the MAGIC telescopes during an exceptionally high optical state

Author: M. Hayashida, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Fidalgo, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Emilia Järvelä, Marc Ribó, J. A. Acosta Pulido, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, L. Maraschi, Kari Nilsson, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, J. Hose, Stefano Ansoldi, Yusuke Konno, D. Elsaesser, Riccardo Paoletti, Tomislav Terzić, Francesco Longo, Elina Lindfors, P. G. Prada Moroni, Daniel Mazin, G. A. Borman, Alessandro Carosi, V. Fallah Ramazani, J. Palacio, D. Ninci, Kazuma Ishio, Pratik Majumdar, A. Berti, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, N. Torres-Albà, J. Kushida, M. V. Fonseca, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Peresano, M. Makariev, G. Bonnoli, D. Kuveždić, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, G. Pedaletti, Juan Cortina, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Martin Will, Chiara Righi, R. Ch. Berse, Ll. Font, Razmik Mirzoyan, Rodolfo Carosi, Dario Hrupec, Jose Miguel Miranda, J. Becerra González, M. A. Lopez, J. R. Garcia, Marina Manganaro, U. Barres de Almeida, P. Temnikov, E. Colombo, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Mitsunari Takahashi, Stefano Covino, Louis Antonelli, Damir Lelas, Valeri M. Larionov, Aaron Dominguez, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, Sergey S. Savchenko, Francesco Dazzi, Manuel Delfino, D. Dominis Prester, Wolfgang Rhode, Nikola Godinovic, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, A. A. Vasilyev, Ana Babić, P. Cumani, L. O. Takalo, Konstancja Satalecka, L. Nogués, Michele Doro, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Dorota Sobczyńska, R. Ojha, K. Mielke, J. Finke, E. Moretti, Ievgen Vovk, P. Giammaria, Jordi Delgado, F. Di Pierro, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, M. Gaug, G. Vanzo, C. Protasio, J. Herrera, D. Hadasch, Alba Fernández-Barral, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Mosè Mariotti, Masahiro Teshima, Alexander Hahn, E. Prandini, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, T. Nagayoshi, Kyoshi Nishijima, M. Minev, Iva Šnidarić, T. Schweizer, J. E. Ward, Sidika Merve Colak, E. N. Kopatskaya, A. Niedzwiecki, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, D. Guberman, Saverio Lombardi, Andrea Rugliancich, V. Ramakrishnan, M. I. Martínez, Sabrina Einecke, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, Markus Garczarczyk, M. I. Carnerero, Talvikki Hovatta, Sol N. Molina, P. Da Vela, Julian Sitarek, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, D. A. Morozova, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Vazquez Acosta, L. V. Larionova, G. Maneva, I. Agudo, Adrian Biland, Tihomir Surić, J. Rico, Dominik Baack, Alan P. Marscher, Christian Fruck, Victoria Moreno, Darko Zarić, B. De Lotto, Abelardo Moralejo, I. Reichardt, Mark Gurwell, B. Banerjee, Marcel Strzys, C. Arcaro, R. J. García López, Massimo Persic, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Becerra González, J., Tanaka, Y., Ojha, R., Finke, J., Lähteenmäki, A., Järvelä, E., Tornikoski, M., Ramakrishnan, V., Hovatta, T., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, L. V., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Agudo, I., Molina, S. N., Casadio, C., Gurwell, M., Carnerero, M. I., Protasio, C., Acosta Pulido, J. A., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Junta de Andalucía, Max Planck Society, Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: individual: S4 0954+65 [BL Lacertae objects], Active galactic nucleus, active [Galaxies], BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxies: active, Gamma rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomia de raigs gamma, gamma rays:galaxies, galaxies:active, BL Lacertae objects:individual:S40954+65, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quasars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Quàsars, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies: active, galaxie [Gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Optical polarization, Quasar, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxies, Redshift, Galàxies, galaxies [gamma rays], ddc:520, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radio wave
Abstract: The very high energy (VHE ¿ 100 GeV) -ray MAGIC observations of the blazar S4 0954+65, were triggered by an exceptionally high flux state of emission in the optical. This blazar has a disputed redshift of z = 0.368 or z ¿ 0.45 and an uncertain classification among blazar subclasses. The exceptional source state described here makes for an excellent opportunity to understand physical processes in the jet of S4 0954+65 and thus contribute to its classification. Methods. We investigated the multiwavelength (MWL) light curve and spectral energy distribution (SED) of the S4 0954+65 blazar during an enhanced state in February 2015 and have put it in context with possible emission scenarios. We collected photometric data in radio, optical, X-ray, and ¿-ray. We studied both the optical polarization and the inner parsec-scale jet behavior with 43 GHz data. Results. Observations with the MAGIC telescopes led to the first detection of S4 0954+65 at VHE. Simultaneous data with Fermi-LAT at high energy ¿-ray(HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) also show a period of increased activity. Imaging at 43 GHz reveals the emergence of a new feature in the radio jet in coincidence with the VHE flare. Simultaneous monitoring of the optical polarization angle reveals a rotation of approximately 100. Conclusions. The high emission state during the flare allows us to compile the simultaneous broadband SED and to characterize it in the scope of blazar jet emission models. The broadband spectrum can be modeled with an emission mechanism commonly invoked for flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), that is, inverse Compton scattering on an external soft photon field from the dust torus, also known as external Compton. The light curve and SED phenomenology is consistent with an interpretation of a blob propagating through a helical structured magnetic field and eventually crossing a standing shock in the jet, a scenario typically applied to FSRQs and low-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (LBL). © ESO 2018., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. IA acknowledges support by a Ramón y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. The research at the IAA–CSIC was supported in part by the MINECO through grants AYA2016–80889–P, AYA2013–40825–P, and AYA2010–14844, and by the regional government of Andalucía through grant P09–FQM–4784.
Published: 2018
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27. MAGIC observations of the microquasar V404 Cygni during the 2015 outburst

Author: M. I. Martínez, Sabrina Einecke, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, A. Sillanpää, R. J. García López, Kazuma Ishio, Gaia Vanzo, A. Loh, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, A. Niedzwiecki, U. Barres de Almeida, F. Di Pierro, A. De Angelis, Massimo Persic, Damir Lelas, M. Gaug, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, B. De Lotto, D. Hadasch, Stefano Ansoldi, David Paneque, Riccardo Paoletti, Dorota Sobczyńska, Daniel Mazin, J. Becerra González, Marcel Strzys, D. Guberman, J. Herrera, M. Vazquez Acosta, Pratik Majumdar, J. Palacio, Marina Manganaro, M. V. Fonseca, Rodolfo Carosi, Jerome Rodriguez, D. Galindo, J. M. Paredes, Christian Fruck, Antonio Stamerra, Giacomo Bonnoli, Koji Noda, B. Biasuzzi, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Covino, E. Prandini, E. Colombo, Victoria Moreno, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, G. Maneva, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, U. Menzel, D. Kuveždić, Alessio Berti, Mosè Mariotti, Adrian Biland, D. Ninci, P. G. Prada Moroni, P. Da Vela, J. Rico, M. Hayashida, S. Schroeder, Ivica Puljak, D. Elsaesser, Diego F. Torres, Juan Abel Barrio, Pierre Colin, Nikola Godinovic, M. Peresano, D. Zarić, M. Garczarczyk, Dario Hrupec, M. Doert, P. Temnikov, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, M. A. Lopez, Hidetoshi Kubo, Saverio Lombardi, Tomislav Terzić, S. Bonnefoy, Abelardo Moralejo, L. Nogués, M. Engelkemeier, E. Moretti, L. Perri, R. Mirzoyan, Arka Chatterjee, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, S. Griffiths, Ievgen Vovk, D. Fidalgo, J. R. Garcia, Alexander Hahn, Masahiro Teshima, Aaron Dominguez, T. Schweizer, Kyoshi Nishijima, Yusuke Konno, Gareth Hughes, Francesco Longo, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Dominis Prester, M. Minev, X. Paredes-Fortuny, Camilla Maggio, M. Nievas Rosillo, I. Reichardt, J. E. Ward, Julian Sitarek, V. Fallah Ramazani, J. Hose, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, N. Torres-Albà, G. Pedaletti, Wolfgang Rhode, T. Surić, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, L. A. Antonelli, Tarek M. Hassan, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Ana Babić, Max Ludwig Ahnen, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, P. Giammaria, Juan Cortina, I. Snidaric, L. Takalo, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia \Severo Ochoa' SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia \Mara de Maeztu'MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project 09/176 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 2016/22/M/ST9/00382., Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Griffiths, S., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Minev, M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Torres Albà, N., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Collaboration), (The MAGIC, Loh, A., and Rodriguez, J.
Subjects: Flux, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, general [, gamma-rays], law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), radio wave, Gamma-rays: general, Stars: individual: V404 Cygni (V404 Cyg), X-rays: binaries, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, burst, Flare, Radio wave, exceptional, Opacity, gamma-rays: general, stars: individual: V404 Cygni (V404 Cyg), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Compact star, GLAST, VHE, X-ray, 0103 physical sciences, upper limit [flux], quasar, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, opacity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, acceleration, MAGIC, Crab Nebula, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ddc:520, binaries [X-rays], individual: V404 Cygni (V404 Cyg) [stars]
Abstract: The microquasar V404 Cygni underwent a series of outbursts in 2015, June 15-31, during which its flux in hard X-rays (20-40 keV) reached about 40 times the Crab Nebula flux. Because of the exceptional interest of the flaring activity from this source, observations at several wavelengths were conducted. The MAGIC telescopes, triggered by the INTEGRAL alerts, followed-up the flaring source for several nights during the period June 18-27, for more than 10 hours. One hour of observation was conducted simultaneously to a giant 22 GHz radio flare and a hint of signal at GeV energies seen by Fermi-LAT. The MAGIC observations did not show significant emission in any of the analysed time intervals. The derived flux upper limit, in the energy range 200--1250 GeV, is 4.8$\times 10^{-12}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. We estimate the gamma-ray opacity during the flaring period, which along with our non-detection, points to an inefficient acceleration in the V404\,Cyg jets if VHE emitter is located further than $1\times 10^{10}$ cm from the compact object., Comment: 7 pages, accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2017
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28. A cut-off in the TeV gamma-ray spectrum of the SNR Cassiopeia A

Author: G. Pedaletti, E. Prandini, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, Wolfgang Rhode, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, T. Surić, M. I. Martínez, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Engelkemeier, B. De Lotto, S. Bonnefoy, Sabrina Einecke, L. Maraschi, Kazuma Ishio, Elina Lindfors, G. Maneva, J. Kushida, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, Rodolfo Carosi, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, Jose Luis Contreras, Adrian Biland, Chiara Righi, Dorota Sobczyńska, M. Colak, N. Torres-Albà, J. Palacio, M. Hayashida, J. Rico, Camilla Maggio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, B. Banerjee, Daniela Dorner, C. Arcaro, Dariusz Gora, Juan Cortina, Gaia Vanzo, D. Zarić, Arka Chatterjee, S. Schroeder, Marc Ribó, Stefano Covino, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, M. Gaug, Pratik Majumdar, L. Nogués, D. Fidalgo, P. Bangale, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, Hidetoshi Kubo, Tomohiro Inada, L. A. Antonelli, J. Herrera, S. N. Shore, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Martin Will, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Marcel Strzys, Elisa Bernardini, Masahiro Teshima, Yusuke Konno, P. G. Prada Moroni, Kyoshi Nishijima, Nikola Godinovic, D. Ninci, D. Kuveždić, Tomislav Terzić, Ievgen Vovk, M. Minev, Tarek M. Hassan, T. Schweizer, I. Reichardt, Fabrizio Tavecchio, A. Niedzwiecki, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, U. Menzel, M. Peresano, David Paneque, Max Ludwig Ahnen, P. Giammaria, D. Guberman, Marina Manganaro, Ana Babić, D. Galindo, M. Garczarczyk, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Francesco Dazzi, Dario Hrupec, A. Fernández-Barral, M. A. Lopez, R. J. García López, Kari Nilsson, Massimo Persic, F. Di Pierro, D. Dominis Prester, V. Fallah Ramazani, P. Da Vela, Alexander Hahn, Julian Sitarek, J. Hose, M. Vazquez Acosta, B. Biasuzzi, Victoria Moreno, E. Colombo, L. O. Takalo, Aaron Dominguez, D. Hadasch, Francesco Longo, J. E. Ward, Mosè Mariotti, Saverio Lombardi, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, M. Doert, J. R. Garcia, J. Becerra González, Christian Fruck, L. Perri, Giacomo Bonnoli, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsaesser, M. Nievas Rosillo, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colak, M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Minev, M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., and Zarić, D.
Subjects: lepton, Astrophysics, power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particle, cosmic ray, energy spectrum [gamma ray], acceleration of particles, ISM: supernova remnants, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, education.field_of_study, Gamma ray, cosmic rays, gamma rays: general, high [energy], Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, low [magnetic field], Population, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GLAST, leptonic [model], emission [gamma ray], supernova, 0103 physical sciences, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Computer Science::Information Theory, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, cosmic ray physics, stars: supernovae: individual: Cassiopeia A, supernova remnants, Astronomy and Astrophysics, acceleration, MAGIC, moment, flux, Cassiopeia A, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, galaxy [cosmic radiation], spectral, High Energy Physics::Experiment, supernova remnant [ISM], general [gamma rays]
Abstract: It is widely believed that the bulk of the Galactic cosmic rays are accelerated in supernova remnants (SNRs). However, no observational evidence of the presence of particles of PeV energies in SNRs has yet been found. The young historical SNR Cassiopeia A (Cas A) appears as one of the best candidates to study acceleration processes. Between December 2014 and October 2016 we observed Cas A with the MAGIC telescopes, accumulating 158 hours of good-quality data. We derived the spectrum of the source from 100 GeV to 10 TeV. We also analysed $\sim$8 years of $Fermi$-LAT to obtain the spectral shape between 60 MeV and 500 GeV. The spectra measured by the LAT and MAGIC telescopes are compatible within the errors and show a clear turn off (4.6 $\sigma$) at the highest energies, which can be described with an exponential cut-off at $E_c = 3.5\left(^{+1.6}_{-1.0}\right)_{\textit{stat}} \left(^{+0.8}_{-0.9}\right)_{\textit{sys}}$ TeV. The gamma-ray emission from 60 MeV to 10 TeV can be attributed to a population of high-energy protons with spectral index $\sim$2.2 and energy cut-off at $\sim$10 TeV. This result indicates that Cas A is not contributing to the high energy ($\sim$PeV) cosmic-ray sea in a significant manner at the present moment. A one-zone leptonic model fails to reproduce by itself the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution. Besides, if a non-negligible fraction of the flux seen by MAGIC is produced by leptons, the radiation should be emitted in a region with a low magnetic field (B$\lessapprox$100$\mu$G) like in the reverse shock.), Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Corresponding authors: Daniel Guberman (dguberman@ifae.es), Emma de O\~na Wilhelmi (wilhelmi@ice.csic.es) and Daniel Galindo (dgalindo@am.ub.es)
Published: 2017
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29. Investigating the peculiar emission from the new VHE gamma-ray source H1722+119

Author: M. Hayashida, M. Makariev, B. Biasuzzi, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Louis Antonelli, D. Dominis Prester, E. Prandini, M. Doert, M. H. Wu, Massimo Persic, F. D'Ammando, Marc Ribó, G. Bonnoli, Abelardo Moralejo, Juri Poutanen, R. Reinthal, V. Fallah Ramazani, P. Bangale, Y. Hanabata, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, T. Steinbring, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Stefano Covino, Hidetoshi Kubo, P. Antoranz, D. Galindo, J. Becerra González, G. Pedaletti, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Nakajima, Thomas Bretz, J. Hose, Andrei Berdyugin, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, S. Bonnefoy, A. Sillanpää, Arka Chatterjee, Francesco Longo, D. Elsaesser, F. Di Pierro, K. Kodani, Alexander Hahn, Konstancja Satalecka, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, H. Takami, L. Nogués, U. Menzel, Michele Doro, M. I. Martínez, Gareth Hughes, Talvikki Hovatta, C. Schultz, E. Moretti, Marcel Strzys, D. Fidalgo, Vassil Verguilov, Aaron Dominguez, Diego F. Torres, Julia Thaele, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Reiko Orito, F. Verrecchia, Sabrina Einecke, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, R. López-Coto, J. Rodriguez Garcia, J. E. Ward, M. Palatiello, Elina Lindfors, A. Niedzwiecki, Kyoshi Nishijima, Ievgen Vovk, Wolfgang Rhode, Daniel Mazin, Oscar Blanch, Julian Sitarek, Juan Abel Barrio, L. Maraschi, Francesco Dazzi, David Paneque, A. Fernández-Barral, Markus Garczarczyk, Yusuke Konno, C. Fruck, B. De Lotto, M. Villata, T. Schweizer, T. Toyama, D. Guberman, Tomislav Terzić, K. Frantzen, J. L. Richards, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, S. Paiano, Saverio Lombardi, Karl Mannheim, D. Hadasch, L. Perri, A. La Barbera, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, P. Temnikov, M. Nievas Rosillo, W. Idec, A. González Muñoz, E. Colombo, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, L. O. Takalo, Masahiro Teshima, Daniela Dorner, R. Zanin, Dariusz Gora, Adrian Biland, M. Gaug, J. Rico, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, G. Maneva, C. M. Raiteri, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Kari Nilsson, P. Giammaria, M. Will, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, R. Clavero, D. Garrido Terrats, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, Ana Babić, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Alessandro Carosi, Jose Miguel Miranda, F. Borracci, Anthony C. S. Readhead, Universitat de Barcelona, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ahnen ML, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Banerjee B, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Buson S, Carosi A, Chatterjee A, Clavero R, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Di Pierro F, Doert M, Dominguez A, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Glawion DE, Elsaesser D, Ramazani VF, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Giammaria P, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gora D, Guberman D, Hadasch D, Hahn A, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Hughes G, Idec W, Kodani K, Konno Y, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Majumdar P, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Manganaro M, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Moretti E, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Nogues L, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palacio J, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Pedaletti G, Perri L, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Saito T, Satalecka K, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Verguilov V, Vovk I, Ward JE, Will M, Wu MH, Zanin R, DAmmando F, Berdyugin A, Hovatta T, Max-Moerbeck W, Raiteri CM, Readhead ACS, Reinthal R, Richards JL, Verrecchia F, Villata M, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T, Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., D'Ammando, F., Berdyugin, A., Hovatta, T., Max Moerbeck, W., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reinthal, R., Richards, J. L., Verrecchia, F., and Villata, M.
Subjects: galaxie [Gamma-rays], gamma-rays: galaxies, UPGRADE, Astrophysics, DETECTED BLAZARS, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: H1722+119, galaxies, distances and redshifts, BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, ALL-SKY SURVEY, MAGIC, TELESCOPES, LAC OBJECTS, SOURCE CATALOG, MAJOR, HELICAL JETS, CRAB-NEBULA, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), distances and redshift [Galaxies], active BL Lacertae objects, individual, H1722+119 galaxies, distances and redshifts gamma-rays, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: distances and redshifts, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [Gamma-rays], Extragalactic background light, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: H1722+119, galaxies: distances and redshifts, gamma-rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, individual: H1722+119 [BL Lacertae objects], distances and redshifts [Galaxies], ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, Crab Nebula, 13. Climate action, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520
Abstract: The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes observed the BL Lac object H1722+119 (redshift unknown) for six consecutive nights between 2013 May 17 and 22, for a total of 12.5 h. The observations were triggered by high activity in the optical band measured by the KVA (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) telescope. The source was for the first time detected in the very high energy (VHE, $E > 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray band with a statistical significance of 5.9 $\sigma$. The integral flux above 150 GeV is estimated to be $(2.0\pm 0.5)$ per cent of the Crab Nebula flux. We used contemporaneous high energy (HE, 100 MeV $ < E < 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray observations from Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) to estimate the redshift of the source. Within the framework of the current extragalactic background light models, we estimate the redshift to be $z = 0.34 \pm 0.15$. Additionally, we used contemporaneous X-ray to radio data collected by the instruments on board the Swift satellite, the KVA, and the OVRO (Owens Valley Radio Observatory) telescope to study multifrequency characteristics of the source. We found no significant temporal variability of the flux in the HE and VHE bands. The flux in the optical and radio wavebands, on the other hand, did vary with different patterns. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of H1722+119 shows surprising behaviour in the $\sim 3\times10^{14} - 10^{18}$ Hz frequency range. It can be modelled using an inhomogeneous helical jet synchrotron self-Compton model., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2016
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30. Super-orbital variability of LS I +61 ° 303 at TeV energies

Author: E. Colombo, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, M. H. Wu, D. Nakajima, L. O. Takalo, H. Takami, Arka Chatterjee, Christian Fruck, Sabrina Einecke, Vassil Verguilov, D. Fidalgo, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Massimo Persic, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Masahiro Teshima, Alexander Hahn, J. Palacio, M. Palatiello, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Francesco Longo, Gareth Hughes, M. Gaug, I. Snidaric, Yusuke Konno, J. Herrera, Stefano Ansoldi, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, A. La Barbera, Lluis Font, Riccardo Paoletti, Julian Sitarek, K. Kodani, Koji Noda, J. Hose, Elisa Bernardini, Francesco Dazzi, Marcel Strzys, D. Dominis Prester, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, A. Herrero, E. Moretti, Nikola Godinovic, Stefano Covino, P. Temnikov, Martin Makariev, Benito Marcote, Oscar Blanch, T. Toyama, G. Pedaletti, Dominik Elsaesser, S. Bonnefoy, Jose Luis Contreras, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, Juan Cortina, D. Garrido Terrats, U. Menzel, Diego F. Torres, M. Garczarczyk, F. Di Pierro, Juan Abel Barrio, J. E. Ward, Giacomo Bonnoli, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Frantzen, S. Paiano, R. López-Coto, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, D. Guberman, Marina Manganaro, M. Hayashida, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, R. Mirzoyan, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Jorge Casares, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, A. González Muñoz, Kyoshi Nishijima, Dorota Sobczyńska, E. Prandini, Tomislav Terzić, Marc Ribó, B. De Lotto, C. Schultz, Aaron Dominguez, Karl Mannheim, Alicia López-Oramas, D. Galindo, Saverio Lombardi, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. Buson, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, J. Becerra González, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Hadasch, Max Ludwig Ahnen, C. Delgado Mendez, Reiko Orito, Ana Babić, Konstancja Satalecka, Alba Fernández-Barral, F. Borracci, L. Maraschi, Michele Doro, Elina Lindfors, Dario Hrupec, B. Biasuzzi, Daniel Mazin, M. A. Lopez, Kari Nilsson, A. Sillanpää, M. Will, W. Idec, Abelardo Moralejo, P. Giammaria, T. Steinbring, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, L. A. Antonelli, B. Banerjee, R. Clavero, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Ievgen Vovk, G. Maneva, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, T. Schweizer, J. Rico, Julia Thaele, Juri Poutanen, Y. Hanabata, P. Antoranz, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D, Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Casares, J., Herrero, A., and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, astroparticle physics, binaries: general, gamma rays: general, stars: individual: LS I +61°303, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individuals: LS I +61°303, Be star, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma rays: general, general [Gamma rays], Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astroparticle physic, Radio spectrum, law.invention, individual: LS I +61°303 [Stars], Telescope, Raigs gamma, law, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation (music), individuals: LS I +61°303 [X-rays], Astroparticle physics, Binaries: general, Stars: individual: LS I +61°303, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, MAGIC (telescope), Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), general [Binaries], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, binarie [X-rays], Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Orbital period, ddc:520, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 591, A76(2016). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527964, The gamma-ray binary LS I +61°303 is a well-established source from centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV).The broadband emission shows a periodicity of $\sim$ 26.5 days, coincident with the orbital period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 $\pm$ 8 dayswas proposed from radio variability and confirmed using optical and high-energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray observations. In this paper, wereport on a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with archival data concentrating on a search for a long-timescale signature in the VHE emission from LS I +61°303 Aims.We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE emission, similar to that observed at other energies, and on the search forcorrelations between TeV emission and an optical determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk.Methods. A four-year campaign has been carried out using the MAGIC telescopes. The source was observed during the orbital phases when theperiodic VHE outbursts have occurred ($\phi$ = 0:55–0.75, one orbit=26.496 days). Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations anddata published by the VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I +61°303 has also been observed during the orbitalphases where sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past ($\phi$ = 0:75–1.0). These MAGIC observations were simultaneous with opticalspectroscopy from the LIVERPOOL telescope.Results.The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases $\phi$ = 0:5–0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the long-term modulation of$\sim$ 4.5 years found in the radio band. This modulation of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with a best-fit period of 1610 $\pm$ 58 days. The complete data, including archival observations, span two super-orbital periods. There is no evidence for a correlation betweenthe TeV emission and the mass-loss rate of the Be star, but this may be a ected by the strong, short-timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the Hfluxes., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
Published: 2016
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31. The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part I: The hardware improvements and the commissioning of the system

Author: R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, I. Lozano, J. Rico, Masahiro Teshima, W. Idec, Takashi Saito, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Stefano Ansoldi, I. Snidaric, David Fink, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, D. Corti, Alessandro Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, J. M. Illa, Riccardo Paoletti, Massimo Persic, Gianluca Giavitto, A. González Muñoz, Reiko Orito, P. Temnikov, M. Palatiello, J. Becerra González, Marcel Strzys, Dario Hrupec, M. Bitossi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Jose Luis Lemus, D. Nakajima, Elina Lindfors, E. Lorenz, Abelardo Moralejo, Saverio Lombardi, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Makariev, Thomas Bretz, Daniel Mazin, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. A. Lopez, S. Rügamer, Juan Abel Barrio, S. Schmidl, T. Steinbring, Francesco Dazzi, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, C. Delgado Mendez, G. Maneva, Stefano Covino, B. Biasuzzi, A. Dettlaff, M. Hayashida, D. Hildebrand, Francesco Longo, G. De Caneva, D. Fidalgo, Daniela Dorner, Jose Luis Contreras, Wolfgang Rhode, M. I. Martínez, Marc Ribó, S. Bonnefoy, K. Saito, Natalia Lewandowska, Patrick Vogler, E. Colombo, M. Gaug, Juan Cortina, D. Tescaro, Roberto Cecchi, P. Bangale, H. Wetteskind, A. La Barbera, A. Deangelis, J. Herrera, Hidetoshi Kubo, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, Luis Ángel Tejedor, M. V. Fonseca, Hanna Kellermann, Koji Noda, Louis Antonelli, G. Bonnoli, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Elisa Bernardini, X. Paredes-Fortuny, J. Hose, U. Menzel, K. Kodani, J. Storz, Yusuke Konno, Christian Fruck, A. Sillanpää, D. Elsaesser, L. O. Takalo, F. Borracci, W. Haberer, H. Takami, Oscar Blanch, K. Frantzen, P. G. Prada Moroni, Diego F. Torres, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, V. Kadenius, S. Paiano, Ll. Font, D. Garrido Terrats, A. Lorca, Karl Mannheim, O. Tibolla, Alicia López-Oramas, T. Schweizer, Felix Spanier, R. Mirzoyan, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Eisenacher, V. Scalzotto, Markus Garczarczyk, N. Mankuzhiyil, Juri Poutanen, Kyoshi Nishijima, D. Dominis Prester, Y. Hanabata, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, P. Antoranz, M. L. Knoetig, Ana Babić, Julia Thaele, E. Carmona, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, L. Maraschi, E. Prandini, Tomislav Terzić, R. Reinthal, M. Negrello, Damir Lelas, Dorota Sobczyńska, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Jelena Aleksić, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, D. Galindo, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Julian Sitarek, Daniela Hadasch, T. Toyama, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, J. Schlammer, Universitat de Barcelona, Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barceló, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Cecchi, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Corti, D., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Deangelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Dettlaff, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Fink, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Haberer, W., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Illa, J. M., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lemus, J. L., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorca, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Negrello, M., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schlammer, J., Schmidl, S., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wetteskind, H., Will, M., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrofísica, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MAGIC, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, Instruments, TeV astrophysics, Very High Energy Gamma Rays, Stereoscopy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Overall performance, MAGIC (telescope), TeV, astrophysics, CRAB-NEBULA, PERFORMANCE, STEREO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrument, Upgrade, ddc:540, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Electricidad, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV astrophysic, Noise (radio), Computer hardware, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Very High Energy Gamma Ray, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, ta115, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gamma rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope, business, astro-ph.IM, Telescopes
Abstract: The MAGIC telescopes are two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) located on the Canary island of La Palma. The telescopes are designed to measure Cherenkov light from air showers initiated by gamma rays in the energy regime from around 50 GeV to more than 50 TeV. The two telescopes were built in 2004 and 2009, respectively, with different cameras, triggers and readout systems. In the years 2011-2012 the MAGIC collaboration undertook a major upgrade to make the stereoscopic system uniform, improving its overall performance and easing its maintenance. In particular, the camera, the receivers and the trigger of the first telescope were replaced and the readout of the two telescopes was upgraded. This paper (Part I) describes the details of the upgrade as well as the basic performance parameters of MAGIC such as raw data treatment, dead time of the system, linearity in the electronic chain and sources of noise. In Part II, we describe the physics performance of the upgraded system., 19 pages, 18 figures, accepted by Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2016
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32. The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Aleksic, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barcelo, M., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Cecchi, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Corti, D., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Mendez, C. Delgado, Dettlaff, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Fink, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Lopez, R. J. Garcia, Garczarczyk, M., Terrats, D. Garrido, Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovic, N., Munoz, A. Gonzalez, Gozzini, S. R., Haberer, W., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Illa, J. M., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lemus, J. L., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lorca, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Negrello, M., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Garcia, J. Rodriguez, Rugamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schlammer, J., Schmidl, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wetteskind, H., Will, M., Zanin, R., Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barceló, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Cecchi, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Corti, D., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Dettlaff, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Fink, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Haberer, W., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Illa, J. M., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lemus, J. L., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorca, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Negrello, M., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schlammer, J., Schmidl, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wetteskind, H., Will, M., Zanin, R., and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Raigs gamma, MONTE-CARLO, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Crab nebula, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Púlsars, FLARES, ddc:540, Cherenkov telescopes, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, IMAGES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Crab Nebula, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, CHERENKOV TELESCOPES, PULSAR, SYSTEM, ARRAYS, TEV, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Cherenkov radiation, Pulsars, ta115, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy, Cherenkov telescope, High Energy Physics::Experiment, astro-ph.IM, Telescopes
Abstract: MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger system, as well as the upgrade of the readout system of both telescopes. We use observations of the Crab Nebula taken at low and medium zenith angles to assess the key performance parameters of the MAGIC stereo system. For low zenith angle observations, the standard trigger threshold of the MAGIC telescopes is ~50GeV. The integral sensitivity for point-like sources with Crab Nebula-like spectrum above 220GeV is (0.66+/-0.03)% of Crab Nebula flux in 50 h of observations. The angular resolution, defined as the sigma of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, at those energies is < 0.07 degree, while the energy resolution is 16%. We also re-evaluate the effect of the systematic uncertainty on the data taken with the MAGIC telescopes after the upgrade. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties can be divided in the following components: < 15% in energy scale, 11-18% in flux normalization and +/-0.15 for the energy spectrum power-law slope., 21 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2016
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33. Long-term multi-wavelength variability and correlation study of Markarian 421 from 2007 to 2009

Author: E. Moretti, Alessandro Carosi, D. Nakajima, Kyoshi Nishijima, Arka Chatterjee, C. M. Raiteri, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, D. Fidalgo, Jose Miguel Miranda, D. Dominis Prester, Yusuke Konno, B. Jordan, Aaron Dominguez, L. Perri, Elena G. Larionova, Marina Manganaro, Kari Nilsson, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Wen Ping Chen, M. Will, A. La Barbera, D. Galindo, R. Zanin, Merja Tornikoski, Mosè Mariotti, Dario Hrupec, K. Kodani, S. N. Shore, Louis Antonelli, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Max Ludwig Ahnen, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, J. E. Ward, A. González Muñoz, Adrian Biland, A.-K. Overkemping, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Palacio, Dmitry A. Blinov, G. Pedaletti, M. A. Lopez, Juri Poutanen, Konstancja Satalecka, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, Michele Doro, U. Menzel, J. M. Paredes, S. Bonnefoy, Givi N. Kimeridze, Thomas Bretz, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. H. Wu, Antonio Stamerra, K. Frantzen, J. Rico, M. Villata, P. Giammaria, Damir Lelas, Alexander Hahn, Y. Hanabata, E. Forné, F. Di Pierro, Jose Luis Contreras, H. C. Lin, R. López-Coto, I. Snidaric, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, A. Niedzwiecki, F. Borracci, Gareth Hughes, P. Antoranz, Juan Abel Barrio, Juan Cortina, Saverio Lombardi, L. V. Larionova, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, Dorota Sobczyńska, P. Temnikov, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, B. Biasuzzi, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, Talvikki Hovatta, Junko Kushida, Diego F. Torres, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Guberman, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, M. G. Nikolashvili, P. Da Vela, Francesco Longo, J. Hose, D. Garrido Terrats, J. Becerra González, E. Prandini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, D. Elsaesser, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Hadasch, Julia Thaele, P. G. Prada Moroni, R. Clavero, Markus Garczarczyk, Valeri M. Larionov, R. Ligustri, H. Takami, W. Bednarek, Julian Sitarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, J. A. Ros, Abelardo Moralejo, M. Palatiello, Stefano Ansoldi, A. C. Sadun, C. Schultz, Vassil Verguilov, G. Maneva, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, Riccardo Paoletti, T. Steinbring, C. Fruck, Lorand A. Sigua, W. Idec, Ivica Puljak, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Pierre Colin, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Ana Babić, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Colombo, T. Toyama, O. M. Kurtanidze, G. Bonnoli, Elina Lindfors, Anne Lähteenmäki, M. Hayashida, D. A. Morozova, L. O. Takalo, Masahiro Teshima, Ekaterina Koptelova, A. Sillanpää, B. De Lotto, Ievgen Vovk, L. Maraschi, Tomislav Terzić, T. Schweizer, Reiko Orito, Daniel Mazin, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, Stefano Covino, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, M. Makariev, B. McBreen, M. I. Martínez, Sabrina Einecke, J. Rodriguez Garcia, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Massimo Persic, Lluis Font, Marcel Strzys, N. V. Efimova, L. Nogués, Universitat de Barcelona, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Orito, R., Overkemping, A, Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Blinov, D. A., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Forné, E., Grishina, T. S., Hovatta, T., Jordan, B., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Lin, H. C., Mcbreen, B., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Ros, J. A., Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Tornikoski, M., Troitsky, I. S., Villata, M., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Astrofísica, Astroparticle physics, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astroparticle physic, individual: Markarian 421 [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, Radiació, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, astroparticle physics / BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421 / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study the multi-band variability and correlations of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 on year time scales, which can bring additional insight on the processes responsible for its broadband emission. We observed Mrk 421 in the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray range with the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC-I from March 2007 to June 2009 for a total of 96 hours of effective time after quality cuts. The VHE flux variability is quantified with several methods, including the Bayesian Block algorithm, which is applied to data from Cherenkov telescopes for the first time. The 2.3 year long MAGIC light curve is complemented with data from the Swift/BAT and RXTE/ASM satellites and the KVA, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, and Mets\"ahovi telescopes from February 2007 to July 2009, allowing for an excellent characterisation of the multi-band variability and correlations over year time scales. Mrk 421 was found in different gamma-ray emission states during the 2.3 year long observation period. Flares and different levels of variability in the gamma-ray light curve could be identified with the Bayesian Block algorithm. The same behaviour of a quiet and active emission was found in the X-ray light curves measured by Swift/BAT and the RXTE/ASM, with a direct correlation in time. The behaviour of the optical light curve of GASP-WEBT and the radio light curves by OVRO and Mets\"ahovi are different as they show no coincident features with the higher energetic light curves and a less variable emission. The fractional variability is overall increasing with energy. The comparable variability in the X-ray and VHE bands and their direct correlation during both high- and low-activity periods spanning many months show that the electron populations radiating the X-ray and gamma-ray photons are either the same, as expected in the Synchrotron-Self-Compton mechanism, or at least strongly correlated, as expected in electromagnetic cascades., Comment: Corresponding authors: Ann-Kristin Overkemping (ann-kristin.overkemping@tu-dortmund.de), Marina Manganaro (manganaro@iac.es), Diego Tescaro (diego.tescaro@gmail.com), To be published in Astronomy&Astrophysics (A&A), 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2016
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34. Multiwavelength observations of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 in Spring 2008

Author: Pierre Colin, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Kari Nilsson, L. Maraschi, M. Will, Francesco Longo, Tomislav Terzić, Daniela Dorner, C. Pittori, Michael T. Carini, R. Clavero, Louis Antonelli, E. Prandini, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Mosè Mariotti, K. Kodani, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, M. Makariev, M. Palatiello, Ievgen Vovk, Fabrizio Tavecchio, S. N. Shore, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Koji Noda, F. Di Pierro, Antonio Stamerra, Thomas Bretz, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Covino, T. Schweizer, R. Zanin, D. Dominis Prester, A.-K. Overkemping, Adrian Biland, B. Biasuzzi, R. López-Coto, Juri Poutanen, Nikola Godinovic, R. Reinthal, Benito Marcote, Jose Luis Contreras, Saverio Lombardi, S. Rügamer, Marcel Strzys, R. Walters, Junko Kushida, D. Nakajima, Francesco Dazzi, Juan Abel Barrio, A. Niedzwiecki, P. Da Vela, Juan Cortina, Y. Hanabata, S. Bonnefoy, J. Rico, A. González Muñoz, Razmik Mirzoyan, Oscar Blanch, U. Barres de Almeida, P. Antoranz, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, K. Frantzen, P. Temnikov, E. Colombo, Damir Lelas, K. Mallot, David Paneque, J. Sainio, Arka Chatterjee, M. Hayashida, R. J. García López, L. O. Takalo, Kyoshi Nishijima, Wolfgang Rhode, M. H. Wu, D. Guberman, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Fidalgo, Gareth Hughes, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, P. G. Prada Moroni, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. De Angelis, Andrei Berdyugin, A. Pease, S. Paiano, Masahiro Teshima, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Garrido Terrats, G. De Caneva, Alba Fernández-Barral, Stefano Ansoldi, Karl Mannheim, Elina Lindfors, M. I. Martínez, Julian Sitarek, Julia Thaele, Riccardo Paoletti, W. Idec, Massimo Persic, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Yusuke Konno, F. Lucarelli, Daniel Mazin, Marina Manganaro, Marc Ribó, G. Maneva, T. Toyama, S. Vercellone, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, J. E. Ward, Alicia López-Oramas, Ana Babić, Sabrina Einecke, P. Bangale, Reiko Orito, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Christian Fruck, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. De Lotto, A. La Barbera, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, X. Paredes-Fortuny, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, M. Nievas Rosillo, H. Takami, B. Banerjee, D. Glawion, Vassil Verguilov, U. Menzel, Diego F. Torres, M. Pasanen, Abelardo Moralejo, A. Sillanpää, T. Steinbring, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, E. Lorenz, Max Ludwig Ahnen, P. Giammaria, G. Bonnoli, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, F. Borracci, C. Delgado Mendez, Alessandro Carosi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Ivica Puljak, Glawion, D., Universitat de Barcelona, Ahnen, M. L, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Lucarelli, F., Pittori, C., Vercellone, S., Berdyugin, A., Carini, M. T., Lähteenmäki, A., Pasanen, M., Pease, A., Sainio, J., Tornikoski, M., Walters, R., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: galaxie [X-rays], galaxie [Gamma-rays], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, gamma-rays, galaxies, X-rays: galaxies, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, ALL-SKY SURVEY, LAC, OBJECTS, X-RAY, MAGIC TELESCOPES, SOURCE CATALOG, Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Radiació, law.invention, law, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, Radiation, Gamma ray, galaxies [Gamma-rays], galaxies [X-rays], Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, BL Lac object, Active galactic nucleus, radiation mechanisms, non-thermal galaxies, active gamma-rays, galaxies X-rays, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, ta115, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520
Abstract: The BL Lac object 1ES 1011+496 was discovered at Very High Energy gamma-rays by MAGIC in spring 2007. Before that the source was little studied in different wavelengths. Therefore a multi-wavelength (MWL) campaign was organized in spring 2008. Along MAGIC, the MWL campaign included the Metsahovi radio observatory, Bell and KVA optical telescopes and the Swift and AGILE satellites. MAGIC observations span from March to May, 2008 for a total of 27.9 hours, of which 19.4 hours remained after quality cuts. The light curve showed no significant variability. The differential VHE spectrum could be described with a power-law function. Both results were similar to those obtained during the discovery. Swift XRT observations revealed an X-ray flare, characterized by a harder when brighter trend, as is typical for high synchrotron peak BL Lac objects (HBL). Strong optical variability was found during the campaign, but no conclusion on the connection between the optical and VHE gamma-ray bands could be drawn. The contemporaneous SED shows a synchrotron dominated source, unlike concluded in previous work based on nonsimultaneous data, and is well described by a standard one zone synchrotron self Compton model. We also performed a study on the source classification. While the optical and X-ray data taken during our campaign show typical characteristics of an HBL, we suggest, based on archival data, that 1ES 1011+496 is actually a borderline case between intermediate and high synchrotron peak frequency BL Lac objects., 13 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2016
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35. Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

Author: Daniela Dorner, E. Prandini, Iain A. Steele, Francesco Dazzi, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, A. Fernández-Barral, M. V. Fonseca, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, E. Colombo, F. Di Pierro, S. Bonnefoy, M. Makariev, Talvikki Hovatta, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, L. O. Takalo, D. Garrido Terrats, J. L. Richards, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Roberta Zanin, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, D. Eisenacher, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Natalia Lewandowska, P. Da Vela, D. Nakajima, M. Hayashida, V. Scalzotto, U. Menzel, R. Reinthal, Juan Abel Barrio, Carole Mundell, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Abelardo Moralejo, Damir Lelas, K. Nishijima, Saverio Lombardi, P. G. Prada Moroni, Michele Palatiello, T. Schweizer, C. Delgado Mendez, T. Steinbring, P. Temnikov, D. Fidalgo, Anthony C. S. Readhead, Hanna Kellermann, M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Dorota Sobczyńska, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Dominis Prester, Francesco Longo, A. La Barbera, Juri Poutanen, Ana Babić, Stefano Ansoldi, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, Stefano Covino, Riccardo Paoletti, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi, M. Strzys, Yusuke Konno, Y. Hanabata, Marc Ribó, J. Rodriguez Garcia, M. Nievas Rosillo, Jelena Aleksić, Kazuo Saito, J. Kushida, P. Antoranz, M. L. Knoetig, R. López-Coto, Diego F. Torres, G. Maneva, Antonio Stamerra, A. Niedzwiecki, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. N. Shore, X. Paredes-Fortuny, Jose Luis Contreras, Adrian Biland, Alessandro Carosi, W. Idec, David Sánchez, B. Biasuzzi, D. Tescaro, Tuomas Savolainen, David Paneque, P. Munar-Adrover, Julian Sitarek, K. Frantzen, J. Rico, I. Lozano, C. Fruck, T. Toyama, G. De Caneva, Juan Cortina, Anne Lähteenmäki, Oscar Blanch, K. Kodani, Masahiro Teshima, D. Hadasch, V. Kadenius, Elina Lindfors, Merja Tornikoski, Alexander B. Pushkarev, Daniel Mazin, Matthew L. Lister, Julia Thaele, Konstancja Satalecka, Louis Antonelli, Michele Doro, S. Paiano, Joni Tammi, F. D'Ammando, G. Bonnoli, K. Mallot, Karl Mannheim, Jose Miguel Miranda, R. J. García López, J. Hose, Massimo Persic, A. Sillanpää, D. Elsaesser, Takashi Saito, H. Takami, Eckart Lorenz, Alicia López-Oramas, V. Scapin, Reiko Orito, D. Galindo, J. Becerra González, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, F. Borracci, J. M. Paredes, A. González Mu. noz, Yuri Y. Kovalev, Kari Nilsson, S. Buson, M. Will, C. Arcaro, I. Snidaric, Thomas Bretz, L. Maraschi, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Tomislav Terzić, Wolfgang Rhode, Patrick Vogler, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Aleksic J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Arcaro C, Babic A, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Mendez CD, Di Pierro F, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Knoetig ML, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Lopez-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Vogler P, Will M, Zanin R, Buson S, DAmmando F, Lateenmaki A, Hovatta T, Kovalev YY, Lister ML, Max-Moerbeck W, Mundell C, Pushkarev AB, Rastorgueva-Foi E, Readhead ACS, Richards JL, Tammi J, Sanchez DA, Tornikoski M, Savolainen T, Steele I, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Udine, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, University of Siena, University of Padova, University of Rijeka, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Complutense University, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Łódź, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Würzburg, CIEMAT, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia, Technische Universität Dortmund, University of Barcelona, Kyoto University, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, University of Turku, University of Pisa, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, ICREA, University of Insubria, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Lebedev Physical Institute, Purdue University, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro, University of Liverpool, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C, Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Will, M., Zanin, R., Buson, S., D'Ammando, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Hovatta, T., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Max Moerbeck, W., Mundell, C., Pushkarev, A. B., Rastorgueva Foi, E., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Tammi, J., Sanchez, D. A., Tornikoski, M., Savolainen, T., Steele, I., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Photon, jets [galaxies], Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, law, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, individual: 1ES 1011+496 [BL Lacertae objects], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, TEV BLAZARS, Polarization (waves), non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Cosmology, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, X-RAY, LAC OBJECTS, MAGIC TELESCOPE, CRAB-NEBULA, ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], Spectral energy distribution, Degree of polarization, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Position angle, Galaxies, Galàxies, jet [galaxies], ddc:520, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496 – galaxies: active – galaxies: jets – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – gamma rays: galaxies
Abstract: 1ES 1011+496 $(z=0.212)$ was discovered in very high energy (VHE, E >100 GeV) $\gamma$-rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to a rather incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. We analyzed VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, $Fermi$-LAT, $Swift$, KVA, OVRO, and Mets\"ahovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of $3.69\pm0.22$ and a flux above 150 GeV of $(1.46\pm0.16)\times10^{-11}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of $1.8\pm0.4\,c$, which is the highest speed statistically significantly measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field to the optical emission., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2016
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36. Very high-energy gamma-ray observations of novae and dwarf novae with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Tomislav Terzić, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Hayashida, Marc Ribó, Marina Manganaro, P. Bangale, D. Galindo, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. Biasuzzi, Abelardo Moralejo, H. Takami, Vassil Verguilov, G. Maneva, D. Nakajima, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Giacomo Bonnoli, Julia Thaele, M. I. Martínez, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, Arka Chatterjee, P. G. Prada Moroni, T. Steinbring, D. Fidalgo, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, J. Rico, M. Palatiello, Kyoshi Nishijima, Yusuke Konno, Sabrina Einecke, Pratik Majumdar, R. Reinthal, Francesco Dazzi, Gareth Hughes, M. V. Fonseca, K. Kodani, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Dominik Elsaesser, U. Barres de Almeida, R. Desiante, Stefano Covino, R. López-Coto, B. Banerjee, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Stefano Ansoldi, A. Niedzwiecki, Riccardo Paoletti, G. De Caneva, Damir Lelas, Massimo Persic, D. Tescaro, David Paneque, K. Saito, J. Palacio, Ievgen Vovk, D. Guberman, Dorota Sobczyńska, Julian Sitarek, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, P. Giammaria, L. Maraschi, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, E. Hays, Elina Lindfors, J. Hose, Daniel Mazin, T. Toyama, Hanna Kellermann, B. De Lotto, T. Schweizer, D. Dominis Prester, Ivica Puljak, S. Bonnefoy, R. Clavero, P. Temnikov, Pierre Colin, L. A. Antonelli, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, K. Frantzen, Thomas Bretz, F. Di Pierro, R. Mirzoyan, Juri Poutanen, D. Garrido Terrats, P. Da Vela, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Y. Hanabata, J. A. Barrio, P. Antoranz, E. Carmona, Masahiro Teshima, S. Paiano, Wolfgang Rhode, Karl Mannheim, Jose Miguel Miranda, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Alicia López-Oramas, Ana Babić, F. Borracci, I. Snidaric, Natalia Lewandowska, A. La Barbera, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, E. Lorenz, J. Becerra González, Takashi Saito, Reiko Orito, E. Prandini, U. Menzel, Daniela Dorner, Diego F. Torres, M. Garczarczyk, A. Sillanpää, E. Colombo, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, L. O. Takalo, Francesco Longo, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Lluis Font, Marcel Strzys, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, Alba Fernández-Barral, W. Idec, Christian Fruck, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, A. González Muñoz, Saverio Lombardi, C. Delgado Mendez, Ahnen, M. L, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., Desiante, R., Hays, E., and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Proton, Hadron, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, novae, cataclysmic variables, gamma rays: stars, binaries: general, stars: activity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dwarf nova, Novae, Estels binaris de raigs X, astro-ph.HE, Physics, Novae, cataclysmic variable, cataclysmic variables, Binaries: general, Gamma rays: stars, Novae, cataclysmic variables, Stars: activity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-rays, stars, Binaries, general, Stars, activity, Gamma ray, X-ray binaries, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, activity [Stars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Noves (Estels), Telescope, star [Gamma rays], 0103 physical sciences, New stars, general [Binaries], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Lepton
Abstract: Context. In the last five years the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument detected GeV {\gamma}-ray emission from five novae. The GeV emission can be interpreted in terms of an inverse Compton process of electrons accelerated in a shock. In this case it is expected that protons in the same conditions can be accelerated to much higher energies. Consequently they may produce a second component in the {\gamma}-ray spectrum at TeV energies. Aims. We aim to explore the very-high-energy domain to search for {\gamma}-ray emission above 50 GeV and to shed light on the acceleration process of leptons and hadrons in nova explosions. Methods. We have performed observations with the MAGIC telescopes of the classical nova V339 Del shortly after the 2013 outburst, triggered by optical and subsequent GeV {\gamma}-ray detec- tions. We also briefly report on VHE observations of the symbiotic nova YY Her and the dwarf nova ASASSN-13ax. We complement the TeV MAGIC observations with the analysis of con- temporaneous Fermi-LAT data of the sources. The TeV and GeV observations are compared in order to evaluate the acceleration parameters for leptons and hadrons. Results. No significant TeV emission was found from the studied sources. We computed upper limits on the spectrum and night-by-night flux. The combined GeV and TeV observations of V339 Del limit the ratio of proton to electron luminosities to Lp, Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2015
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37. The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Mu\ noz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Longo(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(6,32,*), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS collaboration(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), (Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. Archambault(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. H. Buckley(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), J. D. Eisch(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany), Q. Feng(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), H. Fleischhack(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Fortin(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), G. Hughes(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), T. B. Humensky(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), Y. Khassen(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), F. Krennrich(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), S. Kumar(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. McArthur(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), N. Park(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), K. Ragan(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. C. Rovero(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. V. Tucci(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. Weinstein(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Wilhelm(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, 2, Ireland), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), B. McBreen(University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), V. M. Larionov(Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia), C. S. Lin(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Capalbi(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), A. Carrami\ nana(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), L. Carrasco(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), P. Cassaro(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Sezione di Noto, Contrada Renna Bassa, 96017 Noto), A. Cesarini(Department of Physics, University of Trento, I38050, Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. Hovatta(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. W. Moody(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), G. Maccaferri(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), Y. Mori(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), A. Orlati(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), C. Pace(Indiana University, Department of Astronomy, Swain Hall West 319, Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, USA), R. Pearson(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), M. Perri(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907), A. C. Sadun(Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80220, USA), T. Sakamoto(Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and 952 Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan), J. Tammi(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), Y. Yatsu(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), A. Zook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont CA 91711-6312, USA), Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadamek, A., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Krause, J., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Longo, Francesco, Lombardi, S., López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguezgarcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Archambault, S., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Collins Hughes, E., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Chen, W. P., Jordan, B., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Mcbreen, B., Larionov, V. M., Lin, C. S., Nikolashvili, M. G., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., Cesarini, A., Fuhrmann, L., Giroletti, M., Hovatta, T., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Max Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. W., Maccaferri, G., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Astrofísica, Brightness, Ciencias Físicas, blazars, Astrophysics, telescope, x-ray variability, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Mrk 421, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, emission, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectra, BL Lacertae object, tev photons, 0103 physical sciences, Nucli galàctic actiu, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 421, Blazar, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, light curves, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, optical variability, active galactic nuclei, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, markarian-421, ddc:520
Abstract: We performed a 4.5-month multi-instrument campaign (from radio to VHE gamma rays) on Mrk421 between January 2009 and June 2009, which included VLBA, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Swift, RXTE, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and Whipple, among other instruments and collaborations. Mrk421 was found in its typical (non-flaring) activity state, with a VHE flux of about half that of the Crab Nebula, yet the light curves show significant variability at all wavelengths, the highest variability being in the X-rays. We determined the power spectral densities (PSD) at most wavelengths and found that all PSDs can be described by power-laws without a break, and with indices consistent with pink/red-noise behavior. We observed a harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and measured a positive correlation between VHE and X-ray fluxes with zero time lag. Such characteristics have been reported many times during flaring activity, but here they are reported for the first time in the non-flaring state. We also observed an overall anti-correlation between optical/UV and X-rays extending over the duration of the campaign. The harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and the measured positive X-ray/VHE correlation during the 2009 multi-wavelength campaign suggests that the physical processes dominating the emission during non-flaring states have similarities with those occurring during flaring activity. In particular, this observation supports leptonic scenarios as being responsible for the emission of Mrk421 during non-flaring activity. Such a temporally extended X-ray/VHE correlation is not driven by any single flaring event, and hence is difficult to explain within the standard hadronic scenarios. The highest variability is observed in the X-ray band, which, within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, indicates that the electron energy distribution is most variable at the highest energies., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 14 figures (v2 has a small modification in the acknowledgments, and also corrects a typo in the field "author" in the metadata)
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Multifrequency Studies of the Peculiar Quasar 4C +21.35 during the 2010 Flaring Activity

Author: Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, Elisa, Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonamente, Emanuele, Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, Claudia, Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Silva, E. do Couto e., Donato, D., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Finke, J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Johnson, A. S., Kn√∂dlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rain√≤, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sanchez, D. A., Schulz, A., Sgr√≤, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, ≈. Å., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, Gino, Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., the Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration, Aleksiƒá, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonz√°lez, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Dom√≠nguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Garc√≠a L√≥pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinoviƒá, N., Gonz√°lez Mu√±oz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., L√≥pez, M., L√≥pez Coto, R., L√≥pez Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Mart√≠nez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nishijima, K., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Rib√≥, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., R√ºgamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanp√§√§, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Suriƒá, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terziƒá, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., the MAGIC Collaboration, Aller, M. F., Angelakis, E., Blinov, D. A., Djorgovski, S. G., Drake, A. J., Efimova, N. V., Gurwell, M. A., Homan, D. C., Jordan, B., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., L√§hteenm√§ki, A., Larionov, V. M., Lister, M. L., Nieppola, E., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ros, E., Savolainen, T., Sigua, L. A., Tornikoski, M., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bonamente, E., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Do Couto E. Silva, E., Donato, D., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Finke, J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Johnson, A. S., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sanchez, D. A., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, Ł., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González M͡noz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nishijima, K., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Aller, M. F., Angelakis, E., Blinov, D. A., Djorgovski, S. G., Drake, A. J., Efimova, V. N., Gurwell, M. A., Homan, D. C., Jordan, B., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Lister, M. L., Nieppola, E., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ros, E., Savolainen, T., Sigua, L. A., Tornikoski, M., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ackermann, M., Barbiellini, G., Bissaldi, E., Cohen-Tanugi, J., de Palma, F., Silva, E. do Couto e., Longo, F., Pesce-Rollins, M., Fermi, Large Area Telescope Collaboration, Barres de Almeida, U., González Muñoz, A., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Munar-Adrover, P., Paredes-Fortuny, X., Magic, Collaboration, and Efimova, N. V.
Subjects: Astrofísica, electron, Photon, torus, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, galaxies: active – gamma rays: general – quasars: general – quasars: individual (4C +21.35) – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, active, gamma rays: general, quasars: general, quasars: individual: 4C +21.35, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal [galaxies], law, black hole: Kerr, galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, quasars: general, quasars: individual: 4C +21.35, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, optical, Galaxies: active, Gamma rays: general, Quasars: general, Quasars: individual (4C +21.35), Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, energy: high, photon, Radius, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, gamma ray: emission, active [galaxies], astro-ph.CO, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, quasars: individual (4C +21.35), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Flare, gamma rays: observations, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, VHE, GLAST, emission: model, Telescope, X-ray, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, quasars: general, quasars: individual: 4C +21.35, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, quasar, flux: density, individual: 4C +21.35 [quasars], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astronomia Observacions, general [quasars], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, MAGIC, Rotating black hole, Space and Planetary Science, gravitation, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: 著者人数: 290名, Accepted: 2014-03-26, 資料番号: SA1140029000
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. THE JUNE 2008 FLARE OF MARKARIAN 421 FROM OPTICAL TO TeV ENERGIES

Author: I. Donnarumma, V. Vittorini, S. Vercellone, E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, F. D'Ammando, L. Pacciani, A. W. Chen, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, A. Giuliani, F. Longo, G. Pucella, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, E. Costa, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, M. Frutti, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, G. Porrovecchio, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, M. Villata, C. M. Raiteri, W. P. Chen, N. V. Efimova, B. Jordan, T. S. Konstantinova, E. Koptelova, O. M. Kurtanidze, V. M. Larionov, J. A. Ros, A. C. Sadun, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, S. Balestra, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, E. Fernández, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, V. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, Y. Butt, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, A. Cesarini, Y. C. Chow, L. Ciupik, P. Cogan, P. Colin, W. Cui, M. K. Daniel, R. 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Subjects: campaign, Raigs còsmics, BL Lacertae: individual: Mrk421, galaxies: jets, X-Rays: Galaxies, gamma rays: observations, radiation mechanisms: nonthermal, bl-lacertae objects, blazars, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, optical, MAGIC (telescope), Agile, blazr, X-ray, gamma, high energy observation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, webt, Physics, x-ray-spectra, Astrophysics (astro-ph), gamma-rays, lac objects, xmm-newton, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Raigs X, Electricidad, Flare, outburst, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 421) – gamma rays: observations – galaxies: jets – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – X-rays: galaxies, Blazar, Cosmic rays, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, MAGIC telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, ddc:520, AGILE satellite, bl lacertae objects: individual (mrk 421), Energy (signal processing), Lepton
Abstract: We present optical, X-ray, high energy ($\lessapprox 30$ GeV) and very high energy ($\gtrapprox 100$ GeV; VHE) observations of the high-frequency peaked blazar Mrk 421 taken between 2008 May 24 and June 23. A high energy $\gamma$-ray signal was detected by AGILE with \sqrt{TS}=4.5 on June 9--15, with $F(E>100 \mathrm{MeV})= 42^{+14}_{-12}\times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. This flaring state is brighter than the average flux observed by EGRET by a factor of $\sim$3, but still consistent with the highest EGRET flux. In hard X-rays (20-60 keV) SuperAGILE resolved a 5-day flare (June 9-15) peaking at $\sim$ 55 mCrab. SuperAGILE, RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data show a correlated flaring structure between soft and hard X-rays. Hints of the same flaring behavior are also detected in the simultaneous optical data provided by the GASP-WEBT. A Swift/XRT observation near the flaring maximum revealed the highest 2-10 keV flux ever observed from this source, of 2.6 $\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (i.e. > 100 mCrab). A peak synchrotron energy of $\sim$3 keV was derived, higher than typical values of $\sim$0.5-1 keV. VHE observations with MAGIC and VERITAS on June 6-8 show the flux peaking in a bright state, well correlated with the X-rays. This extraordinary set of simultaneous data, covering a twelve-decade spectral range, allowed for a deep analysis of the spectral energy distribution as well as of correlated light curves. The $\gamma$-ray flare can be interpreted within the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model in terms of a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJL, 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Published: 2009
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40. Insights into the High-energy γ-ray Emission of Markarian 501 from Extensive Multifrequency Observations in the Fermi Era

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, Luca, Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O. ., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., do Couto, e. Silva E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knoedlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, Massimiliano, Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra, Gonzalez J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borla, Tridon D., Bosch Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., De Cea, del Pozo E., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Delgado, Mendez C., Diago, Ortega A., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Dominis, Prester D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Garcia, Lopen R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hoehne Moench, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Kraehenbuehl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldon, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez Torres, M. 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H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Mccutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carraminana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. u. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Iii, Pearson R., Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., tschke V, Zook A., Raab, Fj, Rabeling, Ds, Racz, I, Radkins, H, Raffai, P, Rakhmanov, M, Ramet, Cr, Rankins, B, Rapagnani, P, Raymond, V, Re, V, Redwine, K, Reed, Cm, Reed, T, Regimbau, T, Reid, S, Reitze, Dh, Ricci, F, Riesen, R, Riles, K, Roberts, P, Robertson, Na, Robinet, F, Robinson, C, Robinson, El, Rocchi, A, Roddy, S, Rolland, L, Rollins, J, Romano, Jd, Romano, R, Romie, Jh, Rosinska, D, Rover, C, Rowan, S, Udiger, Ar, Ruggi, P, Ryan, K, Sakata, S, Sakosky, M, Salemi, F, Salit, M, Sammut, L, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg, V, Sannibale, V, Santamaria, L, Santiago Prieto, I, Santostasi, G, Saraf, S, Sassolas, B, Sathyaprakash, Bs, Sato, S, Satterthwaite, M, Saulson, Pr, Savage, R, Schilling, R, Schlamminger, S, Schnabel, R, Schofield, Rms, Schulz, B, Schutz, Bf, Schwinberg, P, Scott, J, Scott, Sm, Searle, Ac, Seifert, F, Sellers, D, Sengupta, As, Sentenac, D, Sergeev, A, Shaddock, Da, Shaltev, M, Shapiro, B, Shawhan, P, Weerathunga, Ts, Shoemaker, Dh, Sibley, A, Siemens, X, Sigg, D, Singer, A, Singer, L, Sintes, Am, Skelton, G, Slagmolen, Bjj, Slutsky, J, Smith, Jr, Smith, Mr, Smith, Nd, Smith, R, Somiya, K, Sorazu, B, Soto, J, Speirits, Fc, Sperandio, L, Stefszky, M, Stein, Aj, Steinlechner, J, Steinlechner, S, Steplewski, S, Stochino, A, Stone, R, Strain, Ka, Strigin, S, Stroeer, As, Sturani, R, Stuver, Al, Summerscales, Tz, Sung, M, Susmithan, S, Sutton, Pj, Swinkels, B, Szokoly, Gp, Tacca, M, Talukder, D, Tanner, Db, Tarabrin, Sp, Taylor, Jr, Taylor, R, Thomas, P, Thorne, Ka, Thorne, Ks, Thrane, E, Thuring, A, Titsler, C, Tokmakov, Kv, Toncelli, A, Tonelli, M, Torre, O, Torres, C, Torrie, Ci, Tournefier, E, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Trias, M, Tseng, K, Turner, L, Ugolini, D, Urbanek, K, Vahlbruch, H, Vaishnav, B, Vajente, G, Vallisneri, M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck, C, van der Putten, S, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass, S, Vasuth, M, Vaulin, R, Vavoulidis, M, Vecchio, A, Vedovato, G, Veitch, J, Veitch, Pj, Veltkamp, C, Verkindt, D, Vetrano, F, Vicere, A, Villar, Ae, Vinet, Jy, Vocca, H, Vorvick, C, Vyachanin, Sp, Waldman, Sj, Wallace, L, Wanner, A, Ward, Rl, Was, M, Wei, P, Weinert, M, Weinstein, Aj, Weiss, R, Wen, L, Wen, S, Wessels, P, West, M, Westphal, T, Wette, K, Whelan, Jt, Whitcomb, Se, White, D, Whiting, Bf, Wilkinson, C, Willems, Pa, Williams, Hr, Williams, L, Willke, B, Winkelmann, L, Winkler, W, Wipf, Cc, Wiseman, Ag, Woan, G, Wooley, R, Worden, J, Yablon, J, Yakushin, I, Yamamoto, H, Yamamoto, K, Yang, H, Yeaton Massey, D, Yoshida, S, Yu, P, Yvert, M, Zanolin, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, Z, Zhao, C, Zotov, N, Zucker, Me, Zweizig, J, Aptekar, Rl, Boynton, Wv, Briggs, Ms, Cline, Tl, Connaughton, V, Frederiks, Dd, Gehrels, N, Goldsten, Jo, Golovin, D, van der Horst AJ, Hurley, Kc, Kaneko, Y, von Kienlin, A, Kouveliotou, C, Krimm, Ha, Lin, L, Mitrofanov, I, Ohno, M, Pal'Shin, Vd, Rau, A, Sanin, A, Tashiro, Ms, Terada, Y, Yamaoka Kn, Y. A., Kus, V., Kuykendall, W., Kuze, M., Kuzhir, P., Kvasnicka, O., Kwee, R., La Rosa, A., La Rotonda, L., Labarga, L., Labbe, J., Lacasta, C., Lacava, F., Lacker, H., Lacour, D., Lacuesta, V. R., Ladygin, E., Lafaye, R., Laforge, B., Lagouri, T., Lai, S., Laisne, E., Lamanna, M., Lampen, C. L., Lampl, W., Lancon, E., Landgraf, U., Landon, M. P. J., Landsman, H., Lane, J. L., Lange, C., Lankford, A. J., Lanni, F., Lantzsch, K., Lapin, V. V., Laplace, S., Lapoire, C., Laporte, J. F., Lari, T., Larionov, A. V., Larner, A., Lasseur, C., Lassnig, M., Lau, W., Laurelli, P., Lavorato, A., Lavrijsen, W., Laycock, P., Lazarev, A. B., Lazzaro, A., Le Dortz, O., Le Guirriec, E., Le Maner, C., Le Menedeu, E., Leahu, M., Lebedev, A., Lebel, C., Lecompte, T., Ledroit Guillon, F., Lee, H., Lee, J. S. H., Lee, S. C., Lee, L., Lefebvre, M., Legendre, M., Leger, A., Legeyt, B. C., Legger, F., Leggett, C., Lehmacher, M., Lehmann, Miotto G., Lei, X., Leite, M. A. L., Leitner, R., Lellouch, D., Lellouch, J., Leltchouk, M., Lendermann, V., Leney, K. J. C., Lenz, T., Lenzen, G., Lenzi, B., Leonhardt, K., Leontsinis, S., Leroy, C., Lessard, J. R., Lesser, J., Lester, C. G., Leung Fook, Cheong A., Leveque, J., Levin, D., Levinson, L. J., Levitski, M. S., Lewandowska, M., Lewis, G. H., Leyton, M., Li, B., Li, H., Li, S., Li, X., Liang, Z., Liberti, B., Lichard, P., Lichtnecker, M., Lie, K., Liebig, W., Lifshitz, R., Lilley, J. N., Limosani, A., Limper, M., Lin, S. C., Linde, F., Linnemann, J. T., Lipeles, E., Lipinsky, L., Lipniacka, A., Liss, T. M., Lissauer, D., Lister, A., Litke, A. M., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, J. B., Liu, M., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Livan, M., Livermore, S. S. A., Lleres, A., Lloyd, S. L., Lobodzinska, E., Loch, P., Lockman, W. S., Lockwitz, S., Loddenkoetter, T., Loebinger, F. K., Loginov, A., Loh, C. W., Lohse, T., Lohwasser, K., Lokajicek, M., Loken, J., Lombardo, V. P., Long, R. E., Lopes, L., Lopez, Mateos D., Losada, M., Loscutoff, P., Lo Sterzo, F., Losty, M. J., Lou, X., Lounis, A., Loureiro, K. F., Love, J., Love, P. A., Lowe, A. J., Lu, F., Lu, J., Lu, L., Lubatti, H. J., Luci, C., Lucotte, A., Ludwig, A., Ludwig, D., Ludwig, I., Ludwig, J., Luehring, F., Luijckx, G., Lumb, D., Luminari, L., Lund, E., Lund Jensen, B., Lundberg, B., Lundberg, J., Lundquist, J., Lungwitz, M., Lupi, A., Lutz, G., Lynn, D., Lys, J., Lytken, E., Ma, H., L. L., Ma, Macana, Goia J. A., Maccarrone, G., Macchiolo, A., Macek, B., Machado Miguens, J., Macina, D., Mackeprang, R., Madaras, R. J., Mader, W. F., Maenner, R., Maeno, T., Maettig, P., Maettig, S., Magalhaes Martins, P. J., Magnoni, L., Magradze, E., Magrath, C. A., Mahalalel, Y., Mahboubi, K., Mahout, G., Maiani, C., Maidantchik, C., Maio, A., Majewski, S., Makida, Y., Makovec, N., Mal, P., Malecki, Pa, Malecki, P., Maleev, V. P., Malek, F., Mallik, U., Malon, D., Maltezos, S., Malyshev, V., Malyukov, S., Mameghani, R., Mamuzic, J., Manabe, A., Mandelli, L., Mandic, I., Mandrysch, R., Maneira, J., Mangeard, P. S., Manjavidze, I. D., Mann, A., Manning, P. M., Manousakis Katsikakis, A., Mansoulie, B., Manz, A., Mapelli, A., Mapelli, L., March, L., Marchand, J. F., Marchese, F., Marchesotti, M., Marchiori, G., Marcisovsky, M., Marin, A., Marino, C. P., Marroquim, F., Marshall, R., Marshall, Z., Martens, F. K., Marti Garcia, S., Martin, A. J., Martin, B., Martin, F. F., Martin, J. P., Martin, Ph, Universitat de Barcelona, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Silva, E. do Couto e., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, Ł., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksić, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borla Tridon, D., Bosch Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., De Cea del Pozo, E., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Delgado Mendez, C., Diago Ortega, A., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Höhne Mönch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krähenbühl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., López, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldón, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, J., Pochon, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, T., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sánchez Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska Bartosik, A., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L. O., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Mccann, A., Mccutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tešić, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. u. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Pearson R., Iii, Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501), Photon, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, CHERENKOV TELESCOPE SYSTEM, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, Raigs gamma, individual: Mrk 501 [BL Lacertae objects], EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particle, MAGNETOSONIC SHOCK-WAVES, acceleration of particles, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, TEV VARIABILITY, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Acceleradors de partícules, Gamma ray, individual (Mrk 501) [BL Lacertae objects], non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA, X-RAY, active [galaxies], Eddington luminosity, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501, symbols, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 98.70.Rz, 98.54.Cm, 98.62.Py, BL Lacertae objects: general, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, general [BL Lacertae objects], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Particle accelerators, Galàxies, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: 著者人数：451名, Accepted: 2010-11-19, 資料番号: SA1002653000
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41. Teraelectronvolt pulsed emission from the Crab Pulsar detected by MAGIC

Author: S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, A. Babic, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, T. Bretz, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. De Caneva, B. De Lotto, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsaesser, A. Fernández-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, S. R. Gozzini, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, K. Hirotani, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, G. Hughes, W. Idec, H. Kellermann, M. L. Knoetig, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, J. Krause, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, N. Lewandowska, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, E. Lorenz, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Nakajima, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nevas Rosillo, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, R. Orito, A. Overkemping, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Persic, J. Poutanen, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, R. Reinthal, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, J. Rodriguez Garcia, T. Saito, K. Saito, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, C. Schultz, T. Schweizer, S. N. Shore, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, T. Steinbring, M. Strzys, L. Takalo, H. Takami, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, J. Thaele, D. F. Torres, T. Toyama, A. Treves, J. Ward, M. Will, R. Zanin, Universitat de Barcelona, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hirotani, K., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nevas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Ward, J., Will, M., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics, Gamma rays: stars, Pulsars: individual: Crab pulsar, Stars: neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, MAJOR UPGRADE, law, NEBULA, Gamma ray astronomy, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, OUTER GAP MODEL, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, gamma rays: stars, pulsars: individual: Crab pulsar, stars: neutron, GAMMA-RAY PULSARS, HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION, SLOT GAPS, TELESCOPE, RADIATION, SPECTRA, ACCELERATION, Púlsars, Lorentz factor, symbols, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma rays: stars – pulsars: individual: Crab pulsar – stars: neutron, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Neutron stars, Telescope, star [Gamma rays], symbols.namesake, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomia de raigs gamma, education, Pulsars, Estels de neutrons, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Crab Pulsar, neutron [Stars], Astronomy and Astrophysic, individual: Crab pulsar [Pulsars], ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Aims: We investigate the extension of the very high-energy spectral tail of the Crab Pulsar at energies above 400 GeV. Methods: We analyzed ~320 h of good-quality Crab data obtained with the MAGIC telescope from February 2007 to April 2014. Results: We report the most energetic pulsed emission ever detected from the Crab Pulsar reaching up to 1.5 TeV. The pulse profile shows two narrow peaks synchronized with those measured in the GeV energy range. The spectra of the two peaks follow two different power-law functions from 70 GeV up to 1.5 TeV and connect smoothly with the spectra measured above 10 GeV by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite. When making a joint fit of the LAT and MAGIC data above 10 GeV the photon indices of the spectra differ by 0.5 ± 0.1. Conclusions: Using data from the MAGIC telescopes we measured the most energetic pulsed photons from a pulsar to date. Such TeV pulsed photons require a parent population of electrons with a Lorentz factor of at least 5 × 106. These results strongly suggest IC scattering off low-energy photons as the emission mechanism and a gamma-ray production region in the vicinity of the light cylinder.
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