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Let $k$ be a field with char $k\neq 2$ and $k$ be not algebraically closed. Let $a\in k\setminus k^2$ and $L=k(\sqrt{a})(x,y)$ be a field extension of $k$ where $x,y$ are algebraically independent over $k$. Assume that $\sigma$ is a $k$-automorphism on $L$ defined by \[ \sigma: \sqrt{a}\mapsto -\sqrt{a},\ x\mapsto \frac{b}{x},\ y\mapsto \frac{c(x+\frac{b}{x})+d}{y} \] where $b,c,d \in k$, $b\neq 0$ and at least one of $c,d$ is non-zero. Let $L^{\langle\sigma\rangle}=\{u\in L:\sigma(u)=u\}$ be the fixed subfield of $L$. We show that $L^{\langle\sigma\rangle}$ is isomorphic to the function field of a certain surface in $P^4_k$ which is given as the intersection of two quadrics. We give criteria for the $k$-rationality of $L^{\langle\sigma\rangle}$ by using the Hilbert symbol. As an appendix of the paper, we also give an alternative geometric proof of a part of the result which is provided to the authors by J.-L. Colliot-Th\'el\`ene., Comment: To appear in Manuscripta Math. The main theorems (old Theorem 1.7 and Theorem 1.8) incorporated into (new) Theorem 1.8. Section 3 and Section 4 interchanged

Let K be a number field, and let G be a finitely generated and torsion-free subgroup of K × . We consider Kummer extensions of G of the form K ( ζ 2 m , G 2 n ) / K ( ζ 2 m ) , where n ⩽ m . In the paper by Debry and Perucca (2016) [1] , the degrees of those extensions have been evaluated in terms of divisibility parameters over K ( ζ 4 ) . We prove how properties of G over K explicitly determine the divisibility parameters over K ( ζ 4 ) . This result yields a clear computational advantage, since no field extension is required.

We present algorithmic, complexity and implementation results for the problem of isolating the real roots of a univariate polynomial in B α ∈ L [ y ] , where L = Q ( α ) is a simple algebraic extension of the rational numbers. We revisit two approaches for the problem. In the first approach, using resultant computations, we perform a reduction to a polynomial with integer coefficients and we deduce a bound of O ˜ B ( N 8 ) for isolating the real roots of B α , where N is an upper bound on all the quantities (degree and bitsize) of the input polynomials. The bound becomes O ˜ B ( N 7 ) if we use Pan's algorithm for isolating the real roots. In the second approach we isolate the real roots working directly on the polynomial of the input. We compute improved separation bounds for the roots and we prove that they are optimal, under mild assumptions. For isolating the real roots we consider a modified Sturm algorithm, and a modified version of descartes ' algorithm. For the former we prove a Boolean complexity bound of O ˜ B ( N 12 ) and for the latter a bound of O ˜ B ( N 5 ) . We present aggregate separation bounds and complexity results for isolating the real roots of all polynomials B α k , when α k runs over all the real conjugates of α. We show that we can isolate the real roots of all polynomials in O ˜ B ( N 5 ) . Finally, we implemented the algorithms in C as part of the core library of MATHEMATICA and we illustrate their efficiency over various data sets.

Let K be the field of fractions of a complete discrete valuation ring $$ \mathcal{A} $$ with residue field k, and let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over K. Suppose $$ \mathcal{P} $$ is a parahoric group scheme attached to G. In particular, $$ \mathcal{P} $$ is a smooth affine $$ \mathcal{A} $$-group scheme having generic fiber $$ \mathcal{P} $$K = G; the group scheme $$ \mathcal{P} $$ is in general not reductive over $$ \mathcal{A} $$. If G splits over an unramified extension of K, we find in this paper a closed and reductive $$ \mathcal{A} $$-subgroup scheme $$ \mathcal{M}\subset \mathcal{P} $$ for which the special fiber $$ \mathcal{M} $$k is a Levi factor of $$ \mathcal{P} $$k. Moreover, we show that the generic fiber $$ M={\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{K}} $$ is a subgroup of G which is geometrically of type C(μ) – i.e., after a separable field extension, M is the identity component $$ M={C}_G^o\left(\phi \right) $$ of the centralizer of the image of a homomorphism ϕ: μn → H, where μn is the group scheme of n-th roots of unity for some n ≥ 2. For a connected and split reductive group H over any field $$ \mathcal{F} $$, the paper describes those subgroups of H which are of type C(μ).

Let $G$ be a group. Two elements $x,y \in G$ are said to be in the same $z$-class if their centralizers in $G$ are conjugate within $G$. Consider $\mathbb F$ a perfect field of characteristic $\neq 2$, which has a non-trivial Galois automorphism of order $2$. Further, suppose that the fixed field $\mathbb F_0$ has the property that it has only finitely many field extensions of any finite degree. In this paper, we prove that the number of $z$-classes in the unitary group over such fields is finite. Further, we count the number of $z$-classes in the finite unitary group $U_n(q)$, and prove that this number is same as that of $GL_n(q)$ when $q>n$., In section 2 Propositions 2.1, 2.2 are added and section 5 is added, final version

Let k be a non-archimedean local field with residual characteristic p. Let G be a connected reductive group over k that splits over a tamely ramified field extension of k. Suppose p does not divide the order of the Weyl group of G. Then we show that every smooth irreducible complex representation of G(k) contains an $\mathfrak{s}$-type of the form constructed by Kim and Yu and that every irreducible supercuspidal representation arises from Yu's construction. This improves an earlier result of Kim, which held only in characteristic zero and with a very large and ineffective bound on p. By contrast, our bound on p is explicit and tight, and our result holds in positive characteristic as well. Moreover, our approach is more explicit in extracting an input for Yu's construction from a given representation., Comment: 39 pages, accepted for publication in Annals of Mathematics

In connection with Galois Theory and Algebraic Curves, this paper investigates rational functions $h(x) = f(x)/g(x) \in \mathbb{F}_q(x)$ for which the value set $V_h = {\{h(α) | α \in \mathbb{F}_q \cup\{\infty\}}\}$ is relatively small. In particular, under certain circumstances, it proves that $h(x)$ having a small value set is equivalent to the field extension $\mathbb{F}_q(x)/\mathbb{F}_q(h(x))$ being Galois., Oberwolfach Preprints;2020,05

Let $n$ be a squarefree natural number, and let $G$, $\Gamma$ be two groups of order $n$. We determine the number of Hopf-Galois structures of type $G$ admitted by a Galois extension of fields with Galois group isomorphic to $\Gamma$. We give some examples, including a full treatment of the case where $n$ is the product of three primes., Comment: 29 pages; arXiv identifier of our preprint on skew braces now included

Motivated by the analysis of neural net models between integer and rational weights, we introduce a so-called cut language over a real digit alphabet, which contains finite β-expansions (i.e. base-β representations) of the numbers less than a given threshold. We say that an infinite β-expansion is eventually quasi-periodic if its tail sequence formed by the numbers whose representations are obtained by removing leading digits, contains an infinite constant subsequence. We prove that a cut language is regular iff its threshold is a quasi-periodic number whose all β-expansions are eventually quasi-periodic, by showing that altogether they have a finite number of tail values. For algebraic bases β, we prove that there is an eventually quasi-periodic β-expansion with an infinite number of tail values iff there is a conjugate of β on the unit circle. For transcendental β combined with algebraic digits, a β-expansion is eventually quasi-periodic iff it has a finite number of tail values. For a Pisot base β and digits from the smallest field extension Q ( β ) over rational numbers including β, we show that any number from Q ( β ) is quasi-periodic. In addition, we achieve a dichotomy that a cut language is either regular or non-context-free and we show that any cut language with rational parameters is context-sensitive.

We investigate Hopf–Galois structures on a cyclic field extension L / K of squarefree degree n. By a result of Greither and Pareigis, each such Hopf–Galois structure corresponds to a group of order n, whose isomorphism class we call the type of the Hopf–Galois structure. We show that every group of order n can occur, and we determine the number of Hopf–Galois structures of each type. We then express the total number of Hopf–Galois structures on L / K as a sum over factorisations of n into three parts. As examples, we give closed expressions for the number of Hopf–Galois structures on a cyclic extension whose degree is a product of three distinct primes. (There are several cases, depending on congruence conditions between the primes.) We also consider one case where the degree is a product of four primes.

We analyze the rel leaves of the Arnoux-Yoccoz translation surfaces. We show that for any genus $g \geq 3$, the leaf is dense in the connected component of the stratum $H(g -1 , g -1)$ to which it belongs, and the one-sided imaginary-rel trajectory of the surface is divergent. For one surface on this trajectory, namely the Arnoux-Yoccoz surface itself, the horizontal foliation is invariant under a pseudo-Anosov map (and in particular is uniquely ergodic), but for all other surfaces, the horizontal foliation is completely periodic. The appendix proves a field theoretic result needed for denseness of the leaf: for any $n \geq 3$, the field extension of the rationals obtained by adjoining a root of $X^n-X^{n-1}-\ldots-X-1$ has no totally real subfields other than the rationals., Comment: Appendix by Lior Bary-Soroker, Mark Shusterman and Umberto Zannier. The prior version was published, but had errors in \S 6. Erroneous statements have been indicated and an erratum was included as Appendix B which corrects the errors. Main results are still correct. 70 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.06773

The homology groups h1(l/k), h2(l/k), and h3(l/k) of the Brauer complex for a triquadratic field extension l=k(a,b,c) are studied. In particular, given D∈APTARAMOPREFIX2 Br (k(a,b,c)/k), we find equivalent conditions for the image of D in h2(l/k) to be zero. We consider as well the second divided power operation γ2:APTARAMOPREFIX2 Br (l/k)→H4(k,Z/2Z), and show that there are nonstandard elements with respect to γ2. Further, a natural transformation h2⊗h1→H3, which turns out to be nondegenerate on the left, is defined. As an application we construct a field extension F/k such that the cohomology group h1(F(a,b,c)/F) of the Brauer complex contains the images of prescribed elements of k∗, provided these elements satisfy a certain cohomological condition. At the final part of the paper examples of triquadratic extensions L/F with nontrivial h3(L/F) are given. As a consequence we show that the homology group h3(L/F) can be arbitrarily big.

We show that Rost nilpotence holds for a geometrically integral threefold X over a field k of characteristic 0 if and only if αk(X)*∘N( CH 0(Xk(X)))=0 for some integer N>0 for all correspondences α of degree 0 which vanish over some field extension of k. As a corollary we get the Rost nilpotence property for three-dimensional smooth projective geometrically integral schemes over a field of characteristic zero, which are birationally isomorphic to a toric model.

Using a geometric approach involving Riemann surface orbifolds, we provide lower bounds for the genus of an irreducible algebraic curve of the form $$\mathcal {E}_{A,B}:\, A(x)-B(y)=0$$ , where $$A, B\in \mathbb {C}(z)$$ . We also investigate “series” of curves $$\mathcal {E}_{A,B}$$ of genus zero, where by a series we mean a family with the “same” A. We show that for a given rational function A a sequence of rational functions $$B_i$$ , such that $$\deg B_i\rightarrow \infty $$ and all the curves $$A(x)-B_i(y)=0$$ are irreducible and have genus zero, exists if and only if the Galois closure of the field extension $$\mathbb {C}(z)/\mathbb {C}(A)$$ has genus zero or one.

Let G be a split simple affine algebraic group of type A or C over a field k, and let E be a standard generic G-torsor over a field extension of k. We compute the Chow ring of the variety of Borel subgroups of G (also called the variety of complete flags of G), twisted by E. In most cases, the answer contains a large finite torsion subgroup. The torsion-free cases have been treated in the predecessor Chow ring of some generically twisted flag varieties by the author.

In this short note, we answer a question raised by M. Papikian on a universal upper bound for the degree of the extension of $K_\infty$ given by adjoining the periods of a Drinfeld module of rank 2. We show that contrary to the rank 1 case such a universal upper bound does not exist, and the proof generalises to higher rank. Moreover, we give an upper and lower bound for the extension degree depending on the valuations of the defining coefficients of the Drinfeld module. In particular, the lower bound shows the non-existence of a universal upper bound., 7 pages; v1->v2: corrected typos, added/changed references, now 8 pages

The work of Greither and Pareigis details the enumeration of the Hopf-Galois structures (if any) on a given separable field extension. For an extension L / K which is classically Galois with G = G a l ( L / K ) the Hopf algebras in question are of the form ( L [ N ] ) G where N ≤ B = P e r m ( G ) is a regular subgroup that is normalized by the left regular representation λ ( G ) ≤ B . We consider the case where both G and N are isomorphic to a dihedral group D n for any n ≥ 3 . Using the normal block systems inherent to the left regular representation of each D n , (and every other regular permutation group isomorphic to D n ) we explicitly enumerate all possible such N which arise.

Let \(k_0\) be a field of characteristic distinct from 2, \(l_0{/}k_0\) a finite field extension of degree \(2^m\), \(m\ge 2\). We prove that there exists a field extension \(K{/}k_0\) linearly disjoint with \(l_0/k_0\) such that the extension \(l_0K{/}K\) is nonexcellent. The crucial point is a construction of in some sense nonstandard elements in \(H^3(K,\mathbb {Z}{/}2\mathbb {Z})\). We apply this construction as well for investigation of the group \({F^*}^2N_{L{/}F}L^*\), where L / F is a \(\mathbb {Z}{/}4\mathbb {Z}\times \mathbb {Z}{/}2\mathbb {Z}\)-Galois extension. More precisely, let \(F\subset F_i\subset L\)\((1\le i\le 3)\) be the three intermediate quadratic extensions of F, and \(N_i(F)=N_{F_i{/}F}F_i^*\). We show that the quotient group \({N_1(F)\cap N_2(F)\cap N_3(F)\over {F^*}^2N_{L/F}L^*}\) can be arbitrarily large.

For $\Gamma$ a group of order $mp$ for $p$ prime where $gcd(p,m)=1$, we consider those regular subgroups $N\leq Perm(\Gamma)$ normalized by $\lambda(\Gamma)$, the left regular representation of $\Gamma$. These subgroups are in one-to-one correspondence with the Hopf-Galois structures on separable field extensions $L/K$ with $\Gamma=Gal(L/K)$. This is a follow up to the author's earlier work where, by assuming $p>m$, one has that all such $N$ lie within the normalizer of the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $\lambda(\Gamma)$. Here we show that one only need assume that all groups of a given order $mp$ have a unique $p$-Sylow subgroup, and that $p$ not be a divisor of the automorphism groups of any group of order $m$. As such, we extend the applicability of the program for computing these regular subgroups $N$ and concordantly the corresponding Hopf-Galois structures on separable extensions of degree $mp$.

A Theorem of Hou, Leung and Xiang generalised Kneser's addition Theorem to field extensions. This theorem was known to be valid only in separable extensions, and it was a conjecture of Hou that it should be valid for all extensions. We give an alternative proof of the theorem that also holds in the non-separable case, thus solving Hou's conjecture. This result is a consequence of a strengthening of Hou et al.'s theorem that is a transposition to extension fields of an addition theorem of Balandraud., 17 pages

Let k be a base field, K be a field containing k and L/K be a field extension of degree n. The essential dimension ed(L/K) over k is a numerical invariant measuring "the complexity" of L/K. Of particular interest is $\tau$(n) = max { ed(L/K) | L/K is a separable extension of degree n}, also known as the essential dimension of the symmetric group $S_n$. The exact value of $\tau$(n) is known only for n $\leq$ 7. In this paper we assume that k is a field of characteristic p > 0 and study the essential dimension of inseparable extensions L/K. Here the degree n = [L:K] is replaced by a pair (n, e) which accounts for the size of the separable and the purely inseparable parts of L/K respectively, and \tau(n) is replaced by $\tau$(n, e) = max { ed(L/K) | L/K is a field extension of type (n, e)}. The symmetric group $S_n$ is replaced by a certain group scheme $G_{n,e}$ over k. This group is neither finite nor smooth; nevertheless, computing its essential dimension turns out to be easier than computing the essential dimension of $S_n$. Our main result is a simple formula for \tau(n, e)., Comment: 18 pages

Let $A=\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ be the polynomial ring over $\mathbb{F}_q$, and $F$ be the field of fractions of $A$. Let $\phi$ be a Drinfeld $A$-module of rank $r\geq 2$ over $F$. For all but finitely many primes $\mathfrak{p}\lhd A$, one can reduce $\phi$ modulo $\mathfrak{p}$ to obtain a Drinfeld $A$-module $\phi\otimes\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p}$ of rank $r$ over $\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p}=A/\mathfrak{p}$. The endomorphism ring $\mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}=\mathrm{End}_{\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p}}(\phi\otimes\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p})$ is an order in an imaginary field extension $K$ of $F$ of degree $r$. Let $\mathcal{O}_\mathfrak{p}$ be the integral closure of $A$ in $K$, and let $\pi_\mathfrak{p}\in \mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}$ be the Frobenius endomorphism of $\phi\otimes\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p}$. Then we have the inclusion of orders $A[\pi_\mathfrak{p}]\subset \mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}\subset \mathcal{O}_\mathfrak{p}$ in $K$. We prove that if $\mathrm{End}_{F^\mathrm{alg}}(\phi)=A$, then for arbitrary non-zero ideals $\mathfrak{n}, \mathfrak{m}$ of $A$ there are infinitely many $\mathfrak{p}$ such that $\mathfrak{n}$ divides the index $\chi(\mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}/A[\pi_\mathfrak{p}])$ and $\mathfrak{m}$ divides the index $\chi(\mathcal{O}_\mathfrak{p}/\mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p})$. We show that the index $\chi(\mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}/A[\pi_\mathfrak{p}])$ is related to a reciprocity law for the extensions of $F$ arising from the division points of $\phi$. In the rank $r=2$ case we describe an algorithm for computing the orders $A[\pi_\mathfrak{p}]\subset \mathcal{E}_\mathfrak{p}\subset \mathcal{O}_\mathfrak{p}$, and give some computational data., Comment: Journal of Number Theory (David Goss Memorial Issue), to appear

Let $k$ be a field, $n \geqslant 5$ be an integer, $x_1, \dots, x_n$ be independent variables and $L_n = k(x_1, \dots, x_n)$. The symmetric group $S_n$ acts on $L_n$ by permuting the variables, and the projective linear group ${\rm PGL}_2$ acts by applying (the same) fractional linear transformation to each varaible. The fixed field $L_n^{{\rm PGL}_2}$ is called "the field of cross-ratios". Let $S \subset S_n$ be a subgroup. The Noether Problem asks whether the field extension $L_n^S/k$ is rational, and the Noether Problem for cross-ratios asks whether $K_n^S/k$ is rational. In an effort to relate these two problems, H. Tsunogai posed the following question: Is $L_n^S$ rational over $K_n^S$? He answered this question in several situations, in particular, in the case where $S = S_n$. In this paper we extend his results by recasting the problem in terms of Galois cohomology. Our main theorem asserts that the following conditions on a subgroup $S \subset S_n$ are equivalent: (a) $L_n^S$ is rational over $K_n^S$, (b) $L_n^S$ is unirational over $K_n^S$, (c) $S$ has an orbit of odd order in $\{1, \dots, n \}$., Comment: 7 pages

We show that each real-representable matroid is a minor of a complex-representable excluded minor for real-representability. More generally, for an infinite field $\mathbb{F}_1$ and a field extension $\mathbb{F}_2$, if $\mathbb{F}_1$-representability is not equivalent to $\mathbb{F}_2$-representability, then each $\mathbb{F}_1$-representable matroid is a minor of a $\mathbb{F}_2$-representable excluded minor for $\mathbb{F}_1$-representability., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures. Submitted for publication in JCTb

We are interested in characterising pairs $S,T$ of $F$-linear subspaces in a field extension $L/F$ such that the linear span $ST$ of the set of products of elements of $S$ and of elements of $T$ has small dimension. Our central result is a linear analogue of Vosper's Theorem, which gives the structure of vector spaces $S, T$ in a prime extension $L$ of a finite field $F$ for which $\dim_FST =\dim_F S+\dim_F T-1,$ when $\dim_F S, \dim_F T\ge 2$ and $\dim_F ST\le [L:F]-2$., 33 pages

Suppose E is an elliptic curve over $\Bbb Q$, and p>3 is a split multiplicative prime for E. Let q ≠ p be an auxiliary prime, and fix an integer m coprime to pq. We prove the generalised Mazur–Tate–Teitelbaum conjecture for E at the prime p, over number fields $K\subset \Bbb Q\big(\mu_{{q^{\infty}}},\;\!^{q^{\infty}\!\!\!\!}\sqrt{m}\big)$ such that p remains inert in $K\cap\Bbb Q(\mu_{{q^{\infty}}})^+$. The proof makes use of an improved p-adic L-function, which can be associated to the Rankin convolution of two Hilbert modular forms of unequal parallel weight.

Let L/K be a separable field extension of degree 6. An 1867 theorem of P. Joubert asserts that if char(K) is different from 2 then L is generated over K by an element whose minimal polynomial is of the form t^6 + a t^4 + b t^2 + ct + d for some a, b, c, d in K. We show that this theorem fails in characteristic 2., 5 pages, new material added

Using dynamical methods we give a new proof of the theorem saying that if $A,B,X$ are rational functions of degree at least two such that $A\circ X=X\circ B$ and $\mathbb C(B,X)=\mathbb C(z)$, then the Galois closure of the field extension $\mathbb C(z)/\mathbb C(X)$ has genus zero or one., An extended version

Let X be an algebraic curve over Q and t a non-constant Q-rational function on X such that Q(t) is a proper subfield of Q(X). For every integer n pick a point P_n on X such that t(P_n)=n. We conjecture that, for large N, among the number fields Q(P_1), ..., Q(P_N) there are at least cN distinct. We prove this conjecture in the special case when t defines a geometrically abelian covering of the projective line, and the critical values of t are all rational. This implies, in particular, that our conjecture follows from a famous conjecture of Schinzel., Comment: Some typos are corrected. The article is now accepted in Periodica Math. Hungarica

Given a field extension K/k of degree n we are interested in finding the subfields of K containing k. There can be more than polynomially many subfields. We introduce the notion of generating subfields, a set of up to n subfields whose intersections give the rest. We provide an efficient algorithm which uses linear algebra in k or lattice reduction along with factorization in any extension of K. Implementations show that previously difficult cases can now be handled.

A loop is automorphic if all its inner mappings are automorphisms. We construct a large family of automorphic loops as follows. Let $R$ be a commutative ring, $V$ an $R$-module, $E=\mathrm{End}_R(V)$ the ring of $R$-endomorphisms of $V$, and $W$ a subgroup of $(E,+)$ such that $ab=ba$ for every $a$, $b\in W$ and $1+a$ is invertible for every $a\in W$. Then $Q_{R,V}(W)$ defined on $W\times V$ by $(a,u)(b,v) = (a+b,u(1+b)+v(1-a))$ is an automorphic loop. A special case occurs when $R=k

We study just infinite algebras which remain so upon extension of scalars by arbitrary field extensions. Such rings are called stably just infinite. We show that just infinite rings over algebraically closed fields are stably just infinite provided that the ring is either right noetherian or countably generated over a large field. We give examples to show that, over countable fields, a just infinite algebra which is either affine or non-noetherian need not remain just infinite under extension of scalars. We also give a concrete classification of PI stably just infinite rings and give two characterizations of non-PI stably just infinite rings in terms of Martindale's extended center., Comment: fixed typos

Let \(K/\mathbb {F}_q (T)\) be a finite function field extension and denote by OK the integral closure of \(\mathbb {F}_q [T]\) in K. In this article, we are interested in Polya fields, that is, fields K, such that the OK-module Int(OK) of integer-valued polynomials over OK admits a regular basis. We show that the cyclotomic extensions of \(\mathbb {F}_q (T)\) are Polya fields, and we characterize some totally imaginary extensions which are Polya fields. Then, we are interested in Polya fields K which have a regular basis of the form \(\left\{\prod_{0\le k < n}\frac{X-a_k}{a_n-a_k},\,n\in\mathbb {N}\right\}\) for some sequences \((a_n)_{n\in\mathbb {N}}\) of elements of OK. For totally imaginary extensions, we show that it is the case if and only if OK is isomorphic to \(\mathbb {F}_q [T]\). This gives a answer to a question raised by Thakur.

The commuting graph of a semigroup is the set of non-central elements; the edges are defined as pairs $(u,v)$ satisfying $uv=vu$. We provide an example of a field $F$ and an integer $n$ such that the commuting graph of $\operatorname{Mat}_n(F)$ has maximal possible diameter, equal to six., Comment: 7 pages; a corrected version which is to appear in JCTA. The description of the field was incorrect in the first version

Let F be a field of characteristic p and let E / F be a purely inseparable field extension. We study the group H p n + 1 ( F ) : = coker ( ℘ : Ω F n → Ω F n / d Ω F n − 1 ) of classes of differential forms under the extension E / F and give a system of generators of H p n + 1 ( E / F ) . In the case p = 2 , we use this to determine the kernel W q ( E / F ) of the restriction map W q ( F ) → W q ( E ) between the groups of nonsingular quadratic forms over F and over E. We also deduce the corresponding result for the bilinear Witt kernel W ( E ′ / F ) of the restriction map W ( F ) → W ( E ′ ) , where E ′ / F denotes a modular purely inseparable field extension.

Let us first recall what is the essential dimension of a functor, cf. [BR 97] and [R 00]. Let k be a field, and let F be a functor from the category of field extensions of k into the category of sets. Let F/k be an extension and let ξ be an element of F(F ). If E is a field with k ⊂ E ⊂ F we say that ξ comes from E if it belongs to the image of F(E) → F(F ). The essential dimension ed (ξ) of ξ is the minimum of the transcendence degrees E/k, for all E with k ⊂ E ⊂ F such that ξ comes from E. One has ed(ξ) ≤ tr. deg. F . If there is equality, we say that ξ is incompressible. The essential dimension ed (F) of F is ed (F) = max {ed (ξ)}, the maximum being taken over all pairs (F, ξ) with k ⊂ F and ξ ∈ F(F ).

From an interpolation method on algebraic curves, due to D.V. Chudnovsky and G.V. Chudnovsky, we give a new method for the construction of bilinear algorithms for multiplication in the extensions of finite fields. We obtain algorithms better than known ones.

We previously described the Galois module structures of pth-power class groups K×/K×p, where K/F is a cyclic extension of degree p over a field F containing a primitive pth root of unity. That description relied upon arithmetic invariants associated with K/F. Here we construct field extensions K/F with prescribed arithmetic invariants, thus completing the classification of Galois modules K×/K×p.

The paper has two parts. First we prove that the specialization maps on R-equivalence and on the Chow group of zero cycles are isomorphisms for families over a local, Henselian, Dedekind ring when the special fiber is smooth and separably rationally connected. This is pretty much the best one can hope for. The second part contains examples of unirational quartic hypersurfaces whith infinitely many R-equivalence classes. There are also examples of quartics with points in a large odd degree field extension but no points in any smaller odd degree extension.

Let [Formula: see text] be a field, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text][Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] a quartic field extension. We investigate the divided power operation [Formula: see text] on the group [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that any element of [Formula: see text] is a symbol [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is the quadratic trace form associated with the extension [Formula: see text]. As an application, we obtain certain results on the Stifel–Whitney maps [Formula: see text].

Let $p$ be a prime integer and $F$ a field of characteristic 0. Let $X$ be the {\em norm variety} of a symbol in the Galois cohomology group $H^{n+1}(F,��_p^{\otimes n})$ (for some $n\geq1$), constructed in the proof of the Bloch-Kato conjecture. The main result of the paper affirms that the function field $F(X)$ has the following property: for any equidimensional variety $Y$, the change of field homomorphism $\CH(Y)\to\CH(Y_{F(X)})$ of Chow groups with coefficients in integers localized at $p$ is surjective in codimensions $< (\dim X)/(p-1)$. One of the main ingredients of the proof is a computation of Chow groups of a (generalized) Rost motive (a variant of the main result not relying on this is given in Appendix). Another important ingredient is {\em $A$-triviality} of $X$, the property saying that the degree homomorphism on $\CH_0(X_L)$ is injective for any field extension $L/F$ with $X(L)\ne\emptyset$. The proof involves the theory of rational correspondences reviewed in Appendix., 38 pages; final version, to appear in Ann. Sci. \'Ec. Norm. Sup\'er. (4)

Let [Formula: see text] be a group and [Formula: see text]. The 2-tuple [Formula: see text] is said to be an [Formula: see text]-Engel pair, [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let SL[Formula: see text] be the special linear group of degree [Formula: see text] over the field [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that given any field [Formula: see text], there is a field extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that SL[Formula: see text] has an [Formula: see text]-Engel pair for some integer [Formula: see text]. We will also show that SL[Formula: see text] has a [Formula: see text]-Engel pair if [Formula: see text] is a field of characteristic [Formula: see text].

International audience; We present algorithmic, complexity and implementation results for the problem of isolating the real roots of a univariate polynomial in $\Ba \in L[y]$, where $L=\QQ(\alpha_1, \dots, \alpha_{\ell})$ is an algebraic extension of the rational numbers. Our bounds are single exponential in $\ell$ and match the ones presented in \cite{st-issac-2011} for the case $\ell=1$. We consider two approaches. The first, indirect approach, using multivariate resultants, computes a univariate polynomial with integer coefficients, among the real roots of which are the real roots of $\Ba$. The Boolean complexity of this approach is $\sOB(N^{4\ell+4})$, where $N$ is the maximum of the degrees and the coefficient bitsize of the involved polynomials. The second, direct approach, tries to solve the polynomial directly, without reducing the problem to a univariate one. We present an algorithm that generalizes Sturm algorithm from the univariate case, and modified versions of well known solvers that are either numerical or based on Descartes' rule of sign. We achieve a Boolean complexity of $\sOB(\min\set{N^{4\ell + 7},N^{2\ell^2+6}})$ and $\sOB( N^{2\ell+4})$, respectively. %% We implemented the algorithms in \func{C} as part of the core library of \mathematica and we illustrate their efficiency over various data sets.

In [BGLM] and [GLNP] it was conjectured that if $H$ is a simple Lie group of real rank at least 2, then the number of conjugacy classes of (arithmetic) lattices in $H$ of covolume at most $x$ is $x^{(\gamma(H)+o(1))\log x/\log\log x}$ where $\gamma(H)$ is an explicit constant computable from the (absolute) root system of $H$. In this paper we prove that this conjecture is false. In fact, we show that the growth is at rate $x^{c\log x}$. A crucial ingredient of the proof is the existence of towers of field extensions with bounded root discriminant which follows from the seminal work of Golod and Shafarevich on class field towers., Comment: 27 pages, a small change in title, final revision, to appear in Adv. Math

Let $K \subset L$ be a commutative field extension. Given $K$-subspaces $A,B$ of $L$, we consider the subspace $$ spanned by the product set $AB=\{ab \mid a \in A, b \in B\}$. If $\dim_K A = r$ and $\dim_K B = s$, how small can the dimension of $$ be? In this paper we give a complete answer to this question in characteristic 0, and more generally for separable extensions. The optimal lower bound on $\dim_K < AB>$ turns out, in this case, to be provided by the numerical function $$ \kappa_{K,L}(r,s) = \min_{h} (\lceil r/h\rceil + \lceil s/h\rceil -1)h, $$ where $h$ runs over the set of $K$-dimensions of all finite-dimensional intermediate fields $K \subset H \subset L$. This bound is closely related to one appearing in additive number theory., Comment: Submitted in November 2007

Let K \subset L be a field extension. Given K-subspaces A,B of L, we study the subspace spanned by the product set AB = {ab | a \in A, b \in B}. We obtain some lower bounds on the dimension of this subspace and on dim B^n in terms of dim A, dim B and n. This is achieved by establishing linear versions of constructions and results in additive number theory mainly due to Kemperman and Olson., Comment: To appear in Linear and Multilinear Algebra

In this paper we prove a sufficient condition for the existence of matchings in arbitrary groups and its linear analogue, which lead to some generalizations of the existing results in the theory of matchings in groups and central extensions of division rings. We introduce the notion of relative matchings between arrays of elements in groups and use this notion to study the behavior of matchable sets under group homomorphisms. We also present infinite families of prime numbers p such that ℤ/pℤ does not have the acyclic matching property. Finally, we introduce the linear version of acyclic matching property and show that purely transcendental field extensions satisfy this property.

We obtain lower bounds for Selmer ranks of elliptic curves over dihedral extensions of number fields. Suppose $K/k$ is a quadratic extension of number fields, $E$ is an elliptic curve defined over $k$, and $p$ is an odd prime. Let $F$ denote the maximal abelian $p$-extension of $K$ that is unramified at all primes where $E$ has bad reduction and that is Galois over $k$ with dihedral Galois group (i.e., the generator $c$ of $Gal(K/k)$ acts on $Gal(F/K)$ by -1). We prove (under mild hypotheses on $p$) that if the rank of the pro-$p$ Selmer group $S_p(E/K)$ is odd, then the rank of $S_p(E/L)$ is at least $[L:K]$ for every finite extension $L$ of $K$ in $F$., Revised and improved. To appear in Annals of Mathematics

Let G be a linear algebraic group defined over a field k. We prove that, under mild assumptions on k and G, there exists a finite k-subgroup S of G such that the natural map H^1(K, S) -> H^1(K, G) is surjective for every field extension K/k. We give several applications of this result in the case where k an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and K/k is finitely generated. In particular, we prove that for every z in H^1(K, G) there exists an abelian field extension L/K such that z_L \in H^1(L, G) is represented by a G-torsor over a projective variety. From this we deduce that z_L has trivial point obstruction. We also show that a (strong) variant of the algebraic form of Hilbert's 13th problem implies that the maximal abelian extension of K has cohomological dimension =< 1. The last assertion, if true, would prove conjectures of Bogomolov and Koenigsmann, answer a question of Tits and establish an important case of Serre's Conjecture II for the group E_8., New material added on the no-name lemma in Section 4 and on Hilbert's 13th problem in Section 9. A mistake in the proof of Proposition 2.3 is corrected

Contribution à un ouvrage.; A formula is given for solving by radicals any polynomial of degree 5 which is solvable by radicals. This formula is valid on any field of characteristic different from 2 and 5. The field extension which is generated by the radicals which appear in the result is always minimal, when only one root is produced, as well as when all roots are given. This formula has been implemented in Maple.