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In 1981, Foias, Guillop\'e and Temam proved a priori estimates for arbitrary-order space derivatives of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. Such bounds are instructive in the numerical investigation of intermittency often observed in simulations, e.g., numerical study of vorticity moments by Donzis et al. (2013) revealed depletion of nonlinearity that may be responsible for smoothness of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. We employ an original method to derive analogous estimates for space derivatives of three-dimensional space-periodic weak solutions to the evolutionary equations of diffusive magnetohydrodynamics. Construction relies on space analyticity of the solutions at almost all times. An auxiliary problem is introduced, and a Sobolev norm of its solutions bounds from below the size in $C^3$ of the region of space analyticity of the solutions to the original problem. We recover the exponents obtained earlier for the hydrodynamic problem. The same approach is also followed here to derive and prove similar a priori bounds for arbitrary-order space derivatives of the first-order time derivative of the weak MHD solutions. This paper is dedicated to Professor Uriel Frisch on the occasion of his 80th anniversary as a sign of appreciation of the Scientist and the Teacher., Comment: 29 pages, 1 figure. The definitive version of the paper (formatting faults and some misprints in the published version corrected); more misprints corrected in version 2

In this paper we prove that the homological dimension of an elementary amenable group over an arbitrary commutative coefficient ring is either infinite or equal to the Hirsch length of the group. Established theory gives simple group theoretical criteria for finiteness of homological dimension and so we can infer complete information about this invariant for elementary amenable groups. Stammbach proved the special case of solvable groups over coefficient fields of characteristic zero in an important paper dating from 1970.

In this paper, we discuss the generalization of finitary $2$-representation theory of finitary $2$-categories to finitary birepresentation theory of finitary bicategories. In previous papers on the subject, the classification of simple transitive $2$-representations of a given $2$-category was reduced to that for certain subquotients. These reduction results were all formulated as bijections between equivalence classes of $2$-representations. In this paper, we generalize them to biequivalences between certain $2$-categories of birepresentations. Furthermore, we prove an analog of the double centralizer theorem in finitary birepresentation theory., Significant revision of the original version

This article concerns the asymptotic geometric character of the nodal set of the eigenfunctions of the Steklov eigenvalue problem $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta \phi _{\sigma _j}=0,\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\Omega ,\quad \partial _\nu \phi _{\sigma _j}=\sigma _j \phi _{\sigma _j}\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\partial \Omega \end{aligned}$$-Δϕσj=0,onΩ,∂νϕσj=σjϕσjon∂Ωin two-dimensional domains $$\Omega $$Ω. In particular, this paper presents a dense family $$\mathcal {A}$$A of simply-connected two-dimensional domains with analytic boundaries such that, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal set of the eigenfunction $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj “is not dense at scale $$\sigma _j^{-1}$$σj-1”. This result addresses a question put forth under “Open Problem 10” in Girouard and Polterovich (J Spectr Theory 7(2):321–359, 2017). In fact, the results in the present paper establish that, for domains $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal sets of the eigenfunctions $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj associated with the eigenvalue $$\sigma _j$$σj have starkly different character than anticipated: they are not dense at any shrinking scale. More precisely, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A there is a value $$r_1>0$$r1>0 such that for each j there is $$x_j\in \Omega $$xj∈Ω such that $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj does not vanish on the ball of radius $$r_1$$r1 around $$x_j$$xj.

In this paper we are interested in the large time behavior of linear kinetic equations with heavy-tailed local equilibria. Our main contribution concerns the kinetic Lévy-Fokker-Planck equation, for which we adapt hypocoercivity techniques in order to show that solutions converge exponentially fast to the global equilibrium. Compared to the classical kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, the issues here concern the lack of symmetry of the non-local Lévy-Fokker-Planck operator and the understanding of its regularization properties. As a complementary related result, we also treat the case of the heavy-tailed BGK equation.; In this paper we are interested in the large time behavior of linear kinetic equations with heavy-tailed local equilib-ria. Our main contribution concerns the kinetic Lévy-Fokker-Planck equation, for which we adapt hypocoercivity techniques in order to show that solutions converge exponentially fast to the global equilibrium. Compared to the classical kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, the issues here concern the lack of symmetry of the non-local Lévy-Fokker-Planck operator and the understanding of its regularization properties. As a complementary related result, we also treat the case of the heavy-tailed BGK equation. Résumé Une note sur l'hypocoercivité pour leséquations cinétiques avecéquilibresà queue lourde. Dans cet article, on s'intéresse au comportement en temps long d'équations cinétiques linéaires dont leséquilibres locaux sontà queue lourde. Notre contribution principale concerne l'équation de Lévy-Fokker-Planck cinétique, pour laquelle nous adaptons des techniques d'hypocoercivité afin de démontrer la convergence exponentielle des solutions vers unéquilibre global. En comparant au cas de l'équation de Fokker-Planck cinétique classique, les enjeux ici sont liés au manque de symétrie de l'opérateur non-local de Lévy-Fokker-Planck età la compréhension de ses propriétés de régularisation. En complément de notre analyse, nous traitonségalement le cas de l'équation de BGKà queue lourde.

In this paper we consider interpolation problem connected with series by integer shifts of Gaussians. Known approaches for these problems met numerical difficulties. Due to it another method is considered based on finite-rank approximations by linear systems. The main result for this approach is to establish correctness of the finite-rank linear system under consideration. And the main result of the paper is to prove correctness of the finite-rank linear system approximation. For that an explicit formula for the main determinant of the linear system is derived to demonstrate that it is non-zero., Comment: 12 pages

This paper is the first in a series of two dedicated to the study of period relations of the type L ( 1 2 + k , Π ) ∈ ( 2 π i ) d ⋅ k Ω ( − 1 ) k \bf Q ( Π ) , 1 2 + k critical , \begin{equation*} L\Big (\frac {1}{2}+k,\Pi \Big )\;\in \;(2\pi i)^{d\cdot k}\Omega _{(-1)^k}\textrm {\bf Q}(\Pi ),\quad \frac {1}{2}+k\;\text {critical}, \end{equation*} for certain automorphic representations Π \Pi of a reductive group G . G. In this paper we discuss the case G = G L ( n + 1 ) × G L ( n ) . G=\mathrm {GL}(n+1)\times \mathrm {GL}(n). The case G = G L ( 2 n ) G=\mathrm {GL}(2n) is discussed in part two. Our method is representation theoretic and relies on the author’s recent results on global rational structures on automorphic representations. We show that the above period relations are intimately related to the field of definition of the global representation Π \Pi under consideration. The new period relations we prove are in accordance with Deligne’s Conjecture on special values of L L -functions, and the author expects this method to apply to other cases as well.

Let rk(n) denote the number of lattice points on a k-dimensional sphere of radius $$ \sqrt{n} $$ . The generating function $$ {\zeta}_k(s)=\sum \limits_{n=1}^{\infty }{r}_k(n){n}^{-s},\kern0.5em k\ge 2, $$ is Epstein’s zeta function. The paper considers the Riesz mean of the type $$ {D}_{\rho}\left(x;{\zeta}_3\right)=\frac{1}{\Gamma \left(\rho +1\right)}\sum \limits_{n\le x}{\left(x-n\right)}^{\rho }{r}_3(n), $$ where ρ > 0; the error term Δρ(x; ζ3) is defined by $$ {D}_{\rho}\left(x;{\zeta}_3\right)=\frac{\uppi^{3/2}{x}^{\rho +3/2}}{\Gamma \left(\rho +5/2\right)}+\frac{x^{\rho }}{\Gamma \left(\rho +1\right)}{\zeta}_3(0)+{\Delta}_{\rho}\left(x;{\zeta}_3\right). $$ K. Chandrasekharan and R. Narasimhan (1962, MR25#3911) proved that $$ {\Delta}_{\rho}\left(x;{\zeta}_3\right)=\Big\{{\displaystyle \begin{array}{ll}O\Big({x}^{1/2+\rho /2\Big)}& \left(\rho >1\right),\\ {}{\Omega}_{\pm}\left({x}^{1/2+\rho /2}\right)& \left(\rho \ge 0\right).\end{array}} $$ In the present paper, it is proved that $$ {\Delta}_{\rho}\left(x;{\zeta}_3\right)=\Big\{{\displaystyle \begin{array}{ll}O\left(x\log x\right)& \left(\rho =1\right),\\ {}O\left({x}^{2/3+\rho /3+\varepsilon}\right)& \left(1/2

Let $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B) be the category of (open) subcategories of a topological groupoid B: In this paper we study Cat-valued sheaves over category $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): The paper introduces a notion of categorical union, such that the categorical union of subcategories is a subcategory. We use this definition of categorical unions to define a categorical cover of a topological category. Instead of assuming a Grothendieck topology, we define Cat-valued sheaves in terms of the categorical cover defined in this paper. The main result is the following. For a fixed category C, the categories of local functorial sections from B to C define a Catvalued sheaf on $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): Replacing C with a categorical group G; we find a CatGrp-valued sheaf on $$\mathcal{\widetilde{O}}$$ (B): We also relate and distinguish our construction with the notion of stacks.

This paper will be devoted to study a class of bilinear square-function Fourier multiplier operator associated with a symbol $m$ defined by $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle \mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}(f_{1},f_{2})(x)\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \quad =\Big(\iint _{\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}}\Big(\frac{t}{|x-z|+t}\Big)^{n\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \times \,\bigg|\int _{(\mathbb{R}^{n})^{2}}e^{2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}ix\cdot (\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})}m(t\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1},t\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})\hat{f}_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1})\hat{f}_{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2})\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{1}\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}_{2}\bigg|^{2}\frac{dz\,dt}{t^{n+1}}\Big)^{1/2}.\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ A basic fact about $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ is that it is closely associated with the multilinear Littlewood–Paley $g_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}^{\ast }$ function. In this paper we first investigate the boundedness of $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ on products of weighted Lebesgue spaces. Then, the weighted endpoint $L\log L$ type estimate and strong estimate for the commutators of $\mathfrak{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},m}$ will be demonstrated.

This paper is the complementary work of [S. Cho, Group schemes and local densities of ramified hermitian lattices in residue characteristic 2: Part I, Algebra Number Theory 10 2016, 3, 451–532]. Ramified quadratic extensions E / F {E/F} , where F is a finite unramified field extension of ℚ 2 {\mathbb{Q}_{2}} , fall into two cases that we call Case 1 and Case 2. In our previous work, we obtained the local density formula for a ramified hermitian lattice in Case 1. In this paper, we obtain the local density formula for the remaining Case 2, by constructing a smooth integral group scheme model for an appropriate unitary group. Consequently, this paper, combined with [W. T. Gan and J.-K. Yu, Group schemes and local densities, Duke Math. J. 105 2000, 3, 497–524] and our previous work, allows the computation of the mass formula for any hermitian lattice ( L , H ) {(L,H)} , when a base field is unramified over ℚ {\mathbb{Q}} at a prime ( 2 ) {(2)} .

In this paper, we introduce the flag-wise positively curved condition for Finsler spaces (the (FP) Condition), which means that in each tangent plane, we can find a flag pole in this plane such that the corresponding flag has positive flag curvature. Applying the Killing navigation technique, we find a list of compact coset spaces admitting non-negatively curved homogeneous Finsler metrics satisfying the (FP) Condition. Using a crucial technique we developed previously, we prove that most of these coset spaces cannot be endowed with positively curved homogeneous Finsler metrics. We also prove that any Lie group whose Lie algebra is a rank $2$ non-Abelian compact Lie algebra admits a left invariant Finsler metric satisfying the (FP) condition. As by-products, we find the first example of non-compact coset space $S^3\times \mathbb{R}$ which admits homogeneous flag-wise positively curved Finsler metrics. Moreover, we find some non-negatively curved Finsler metrics on $S^2\times S^3$ and $S^6\times S^7$ which satisfy the (FP) condition, as well as some flag-wise positively curved Finsler metrics on $S^3\times S^3$, shedding some light on the long standing general Hopf conjecture., 23 pages. The newest version has strengthened the main results in the paper, and provides more examples. We add a short survey on the most recent progress inspired by this paper in the introduction section

In a joint work with S. Bianchini [8] (see also [6, 7]), we proved a quadratic interaction estimate for the system of conservation laws $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{u}_t+f{(u)}_x=0,\\ {}u\left(t=0\right)={u}_0(x),\end{array}\right. $$ where u : [0, ∞) × ℝ → ℝn, f : ℝn → ℝn is strictly hyperbolic, and Tot.Var.(u0) ≪ 1. For a wavefront solution in which only two wavefronts at a time interact, such an estimate can be written in the form $$ \sum \limits_{t_j\;\mathrm{interaction}\ \mathrm{time}}\frac{\left|\sigma \left({\alpha}_j\right)-\sigma \left({\alpha}_j^{\prime}\right)\right|\left|{\alpha}_j\right|\left|{\alpha}_j^{\prime}\right|}{\left|{\alpha}_j\right|+\left|{\alpha}_j^{\prime}\right|}\le C(f)\mathrm{Tot}.\mathrm{Var}.{\left({u}_0\right)}^2, $$ where αj and $$ {\alpha}_j^{\prime } $$ are the wavefronts interacting at the interaction time tj, σ(·) is the speed, |·| denotes the strength, and C(f) is a constant depending only on f (see [8, Theorem 1.1] or Theorem 3.1 in the present paper for a more general form). The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with a proof for such a quadratic estimate in a simplified setting, in which: • all the main ideas of the construction are presented; • all the technicalities of the proof in the general setting [8] are avoided.

This is a chiefly expository paper on the subject of the title which, in our view, has not received a detailed treatment in the literature which is commensurate with its importance. We expect the results presented here to be useful in a number of contexts. For example, several of them will be applied in a forthcoming paper by the authors., Comment: 25 pages

In 2002, in the paper entitled “A subspace theorem approach to integral points on curves”, Corvaja and Zannier started the program of studying integral points on algebraic varieties by using Schmidt’s subspace theorem in Diophantine approximation. Since then, the program has led a great progress in the study of Diophantine approximation. It is known that the counterpart of Schmidt’s subspace in Nevanlinna theory is H. Cartan’s Second Main Theorem. In recent years, the method of Corvaja and Zannier has been adapted by a number of authors and a big progress has been made in extending the Second Main Theorem to holomorphic mappings from C into arbitrary projective variety intersecting general divisors by using H. Cartan’s original theorem. We call such method “a Cartan’s Second Main Theorem approach”. In this survey paper, we give a systematic study of such approach, as well as survey some recent important results in this direction including the recent work of the author with Paul Voja.

In this paper we consider monic polynomials such that their coefficients coincide with their zeros. These polynomials were first introduced by S. Ulam. We combine methods of algebraic geometry and dynamical systems to prove several results. We obtain estimates on the number of Ulam polynomials of degree $N$. We provide additional methods to obtain algebraic identities satisfied by the zeros of Ulam polynomials, beyond the straightforward comparison of their zeros and coefficients. To address the question about existence of orthogonal Ulam polynomial sequences, we show that the only Ulam polynomial eigenfunctions of hypergeometric type differential operators are the trivial Ulam polynomials $\{x^N\}_{N=0}^\infty$. We propose a family of solvable $N$-body problems such that their stable equilibria are the zeros of certain Ulam polynomials., This version contains clarifications of the exposition to match the published version of the paper

In this paper we consider a nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation in which the nonlinear term is described by a potential energy function. For this class of pde, equilibria admit a variational formulation and they can be determined by a suitable finite dimensional reduction technique called Amann–Conley–Zendher (ACZ) reduction. By extension, the ACZ reduction applies also to the pde dynamics, leading to a finite dimensional description in terms of an ode. It turns out that this ode is a gradient dynamics defined by a potential. While the static case is recovered perfectly in the reduced representation, the reduced dynamics appears to be only a good approximation of the original pde dynamics. The main aim of this paper is to present a number of tools that allow to deal with this uncertainty. First of all we show that the reduced potential W is derived by the original variational functional for the equilibria, and that it contains all the relevant information about the reduced dynamics. In particular we show that the Morse Index of the equilibra of the reduced potential W is the same of the original one, therefore the reduced dynamics give a faithful representation of the stability properties of the original equilibria. Then we highlight the strict analogy between the ACZ reduced dynamics and the approximate inertial manifold description by Temam. This allows to control the discrepancy between the exact and the reduced dynamics, by showing that the orbits of the exact dynamics enter in a thin neighborhood of our approximate inertial manifold after a certain transient time. Finally, the lack of information due to the above approximation may be modelled by adding a stochastic noise term to the reduced ode, and by considering a description of this randomly perturbed system using Freidlin–Wentzell theory, we show that the Large Deviations rate function is given by the reduced potential.

The motivating question of this paper is roughly the following: given a group scheme $G$ over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, $p$ prime, with semisimple generic fiber $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$, how far are open subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ from subgroups of the form $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$, where $X$ is a subgroup scheme of $G$ and $\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$ is the principal congruence subgroup $\operatorname{Ker} (G(\mathbb{Z}_p)\rightarrow G(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}))$? More precisely, we will show that for $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$ simply connected there exist constants $J\ge1$ and $\varepsilon>0$, depending only on $G$, such that any open subgroup of $G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$ of level $p^n$ admits an open subgroup of index $\le J$ which is contained in $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^{\lceil \varepsilon n\rceil})$ for some proper connected algebraic subgroup $X$ of $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Moreover, if $G$ is defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, then $\varepsilon$ and $J$ can be taken independently of $p$. We also give a correspondence between natural classes of $\mathbb{Z}_p$-Lie subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{Z}_p}$ and of closed subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ that can be regarded as a variant over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ of Nori's results on the structure of finite subgroups of $\operatorname{GL}(N_0,\mathbb{F}_p)$ for large $p$. As an application we give a bound for the volume of the intersection of a conjugacy class in the group $G (\hat{\mathbb{Z}}) = \prod_p G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$, for $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, with an arbitrary open subgroup. In a future paper, this result will be applied to the limit multiplicity problem for arbitrary congruence subgroups of the arithmetic lattice $G (\mathbb{Z})$., fixed a few inaccuracies and made some stylistic changes to appear in JEMS

Arone and the second author showed that when the dimensions are in the stable range, the rational homology and homotopy of the high-dimensional analogues of spaces of long knots can be calculated as the homology of a direct sum of finite graph-complexes that they described explicitly. They also showed that these homology and homotopy groups can be interpreted as the higher-order Hochschild homology, also called Hochschild–Pirashvili homology. In this paper, we generalize all these results to high-dimensional analogues of spaces of string links. The methods of our paper are applicable in the range when the ambient dimension is at least twice the maximal dimension of a link component plus two, which in particular guarantees that the spaces under study are connected. However, we conjecture that our homotopy graph-complex computes the rational homotopy groups of link spaces always when the codimension is greater than two, i.e. always when the Goodwillie–Weiss calculus is applicable. Using Haefliger’s approach to calculate the groups of isotopy classes of higher-dimensional links, we confirm our conjecture at the level of π 0 {\pi_{0}} .

In this paper we study properties of functions of triples of not necessarily commuting self-adjoint operators. The main result of the paper shows that unlike in the case of functions of pairs of self-adjoint operators there is no Lipschitz type estimates in any Schatten--von Neumann norm $\boldsymbol S_p$, $1\le p\le\infty$, for arbitrary functions in the Besov class $B_{\infty,1}^1({\Bbb R}^3)$. In other words, we prove that for $p\in[1,\infty]$, there is no constant $K>0$ such that the inequality \begin{align*} \|f(A_1,B_1,C_1)&-f(A_2,B_2,C_2)\|_{\boldsymbol S_p}\\[.1cm] &\le K\|f\|_{B_{\infty,1}^1} \max\big\{\|A_1-A_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p},\|B_1-B_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p},\|C_1-C_2\|_{\boldsymbol S_p}\big\} \end{align*} holds for an arbitrary function $f$ in $B_{\infty,1}^1({\Bbb R}^3)$ and for arbitrary finite rank self-adjoint operators $A_1,\,B_1,\,C_1,\,A_2,\,B_2$ and $C_2$., 14 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1606.08961

In this paper it is shown that the wave front set of a direct integral of singular, irreducible representations of a real, reductive algebraic group is contained in the singular set. Combining this result with the results of the first paper in this series, the author obtains asymptotic results on the occurrence of tempered representations in induction and restriction problems for real, reductive algebraic groups., Accepted to Transactions of the American Mathematical Society

The paper is a continuation of previous papers of the authors dealing with the exploration of shortwave diffraction by smooth and strictly convex bodies of revolution (the axisymmetric case). In these problems, the boundary layer method contains two large parameters: one is the Fock parameter M and the second is Λ that characterizes the oblongness of the scatterer. This naturally gives the possibility of using the two-scaled asymptotic expansion, where both M and Λ are regarded as independent. The approximate formulas for the wave field in this situation depend on the mutual strength between the large parameters and may vary. In the paper, we carry out numerical experiments with our formulas, in the case where the Fock analytical solution is in good coincidence with the exact solution of a model problem, in order to examine the influence of the parameter Λ on the wave field. It follows from our numerical experiments that the influence of the oblongness of the scatterer on the wave field is really insignificant if the method of Leontovich–Fock parabolic equation does not meet mathematical difficulties.

The present paper concretizes the models proposed by S. Ri and N. Secelean. S. Ri proposed the construction of the fractal interpolation function (FIF) considering finite systems consisting of Rakotch contractions, but produced no concretization of the model. N. Secelean considered countable systems of Banach contractions to produce the fractal interpolation function. Based on the abovementioned results, in this paper, we propose two different algorithms to produce the fractal interpolation functions both in the affine and non-affine cases. The theoretical context we were working in suppose a countable set of starting points and a countable system of Rakotch contractions. Due to the computational restrictions, the algorithms constructed in the applications have the weakness that they use a finite set of starting points and a finite system of Rakotch contractions. In this respect, the attractor obtained is a two-step approximation. The large number of points used in the computations and the graphical results lead us to the conclusion that the attractor obtained is a good approximation of the fractal interpolation function in both cases, affine and non-affine FIFs. In this way, we also provide a concretization of the scheme presented by C.M. Păcurar.

This paper is a companion paper to [G4], where sharp estimates are proven for Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions built out of two-dimensional real-analytic functions. The theorems of [G4] are stated in a rather general form. In this paper, we expand on the results of [G4] and show that there is a class of "well-behaved" functions that contains a number of relevant examples for which such estimates can be explicitly described in terms of the Newton polygon of the function. We will further see that for a subclass of these functions, one can prove noticeably more precise estimates, again in an explicitly describable way., 13 pages

Let F be a totally real number field and let π be a cuspidal automorphic representation of GSp 4 ⁢ ( 𝔸 F ) {\mathrm{GSp_{4}}(\mathbb{A}_{F})} , which contributes irreducibly to coherent cohomology. If π has a Bessel model, we may attach a period p ⁢ ( π ) {p(\pi)} to this datum. In the present paper, which is Part I in a series of two, we establish a relation of these Bessel periods p ⁢ ( π ) {p(\pi)} and all of their twists p ⁢ ( π ⊗ ξ ) {p(\pi\otimes\xi)} under arbitrary algebraic Hecke characters ξ. In the appendix, we show that ( 𝔤 , K ) {(\mathfrak{g},K)} -cohomological cusp forms of GSp 4 ⁢ ( 𝔸 F ) {\mathrm{GSp_{4}}(\mathbb{A}_{F})} all qualify to be of the above type – providing a large source of examples. We expect that these period relations for GSp 4 ⁢ ( 𝔸 F ) {\mathrm{GSp_{4}}(\mathbb{A}_{F})} will allow a conceptual, fine treatment of rationality relations of special values of the spin L-function, which we hope to report on in Part II of this paper.

In this paper we study the global geometry of the Kobayashi metric on domains in complex Euclidean space. We are particularly interested in developing necessary and sufficient conditions for the Kobayashi metric to be Gromov hyperbolic. For general domains, it has been suggested that a non-trivial complex affine disk in the boundary is an obstruction to Gromov hyperbolicity. This is known to be the case when the set in question is convex. In this paper we first extend this result to $\mathbb{C}$-convex sets with $C^1$-smooth boundary. We will then show that some boundary regularity is necessary by producing in any dimension examples of open bounded $\mathbb{C}$-convex sets where the Kobayashi metric is Gromov hyperbolic but whose boundary contains a complex affine ball of complex codimension one.

Suppose that a countable group $G$ admits a cusp-uniform action on a hyperbolic space $(X,d)$ such that $G$ is of divergent type. The main result of the paper is characterizing the purely exponential growth type of the orbit growth function by a condition introduced by Dal'bo-Otal-Peign\'e. For geometrically finite Cartan-Hadamard manifolds with pinched negative curvature this condition ensures the finiteness of Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measures. In this case, our result recovers a theorem of Roblin (in a weaker form). Our main tool is the Patterson-Sullivan measures on the Gromov boundary of $X$, and a variant of the Sullivan shadow lemma called partial shadow lemma. This allows us to prove that the purely exponential growth of either cones, or partial cones or horoballs is also equivalent to the condition of Dal'bo-Otal-Peign\'e. These results are further used in the paper \cite{YANG7}., Comment: Version 2: 34 pages, 2 figures. Sections 4 and 5 was rewritten following suggestions of the referee. Paper accepted by Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems

In this paper, we consider Sjamaar's holomorphic slice theorem, the birational equivalence theorem of Guillemin and Sternberg, and a number of important standard constructions that work for Hamiltonian circle actions in both the symplectic category and the K\"ahler category: reduction, cutting, and blow-up. In each case, we show that the theory extends to Hamiltonian circle actions on complex manifolds with tamed symplectic forms. (At least, the theory extends if the fixed points are isolated.) Our main motivation for this paper is that the first author needs the machinery that we develop here to construct a non-Hamiltonian symplectic circle action on a closed, connected six-dimensional symplectic manifold with exactly 32 fixed points; this answers an open question in symplectic geometry. However, we also believe that the setting we work in is intrinsically interesting, and elucidates the key role played by the following fact: the moment image of $e^t \cdot x$ increases as $t \in \mathbb{R}$ increases., Comment: 25 pages

In the paper, a family of representations of maximal solvable subgroups of the simple Lie groups O(p, q), U(p, q), and Sp(p, q), where 1 ≤ p ≤ q, is introduced. These subgroups are called the Iwasawa subgroups of the corresponding simple groups. The main property of these representations is the existence of nontrivial 1-cohomology with values in the representations. For groups of rank 1, the representations from this family are unitary; for ranks greater than 1, they are nonunitary. The paper continues a series of our previous papers and serves as an introduction to the theory of nonunitary current groups.

A characterization of the prime radical of loops as the set of strongly Engel elements was given in our earlier paper. In this paper, some properties of the prime radical of loops are considered. Also a connection between the prime radical of the loop of units of an alternative ring and the prime radical of this ring is given.

Reduction theory has played a major role in the study of Hamiltonian systems. Whilst the Hamilton–Jacobi theory is one of the main tools to integrate the dynamics of certain Hamiltonian problems and a topic of research on its own. Moreover, the construction of several symplectic integrators relies on approximations of a complete solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The natural question that we address in this paper is how these two topics (reduction and Hamilton–Jacobi theory) fit together. We obtain a reduction and reconstruction procedure for the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with symmetries, even in a generalized sense to be clarified below. Several applications and relations to other reduction of the Hamilton–Jacobi theory are shown in the last section of the paper. It is remarkable that as by-product we obtain a generalization of the Ge–Marsden reduction procedure [18] and the results in [17] . Quite surprisingly, the classical ansatze available in the literature to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation (see [2] , [19] ) are also particular instances of our framework.

In this paper we discuss a simple relation, which was previously missed, between the high co-dimensional isoperimetric problem of finding a filling with small volume to a given cycle and extinction estimates for singular, high co-dimensional, mean curvature flow. The utility of this viewpoint is first exemplified by two results which, once casted in the light of this relation, are almost self-evident. The first is a genuine, 5-line proof, for the isoperimetric inequality for k k -cycles in R n \mathbb {R}^n , with a constant differing from the optimal constant by a factor of only k \sqrt {k} , as opposed to a factor of k k k^k produced by all of the other soft methods. The second is a 3-line proof of a lower bound for extinction for arbitrary co-dimensional, singular, mean curvature flows starting from cycles, generalizing the main result of Giga and Yama-uchi (1993). We then turn to use the above-mentioned relation to prove a bound on the parabolic Hausdorff measure of the space-time track of high co-dimensional, singular, mean curvature flow starting from a cycle, in terms of the mass of that cycle. This bound is also reminiscent of a Michael-Simon isoperimetric inequality. To prove it, we are led to study the geometric measure theory of Euclidean rectifiable sets in parabolic space and prove a co-area formula in that setting. This formula, the proof of which occupies most of this paper, may be of independent interest.

Let f be an L^2-normalized Hecke--Maass cuspidal newform of level N and Laplace eigenvalue \lambda. It is shown that |f|_\infty <0. The exponent is further improved in the case when N is not divisible by "small squares". Our work extends and generalizes previously known results in the special case of N squarefree., Comment: Final version, to appear in JEMS. Please also note that the results of this paper have been significantly improved in my recent paper arXiv:1509.07489 which uses a fairly different methodology

Throughout this paper, we work over ${\mathbb C}$, and $n$ is an integer such that $n\geq 2$. For an Enriques surface $E$, let $E^{[n]}$ be the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points of $E$. By Oguiso and Schr\"oer, $E^{[n]}$ has a Calabi-Yau manifold $X$ as the universal covering space, $\pi :X\rightarrow E^{[n]}$ of degree $2$. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a relationship of the small deformation of $E^{[n]}$ and that of $X$ $({\rm Theorem}\ 1.1)$, the natural automorphism of $E^{[n]}$ $({\rm Theorem}\,1.2)$, and count the number of isomorphism classes of the Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of Enriques surfaces which has $X$ as the universal covering space when we fix one $X$ $({\rm Theorem}\,1.3)$.

This paper is a sequel of the joint paper by the author with S. O. Ivanov, Yu. Volkov, and G. Zhou. In the present paper, the BV -structure, and therefore, the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of local algebras of generalized quaternion type is completely described over a field of characteristic 2. The family of algebras under investigation contains group algebras of generalized quaternion groups for which the case of characteristic 2 is the only one where the calculation of Hochschild cohomology and structures on it is a highly nontrivial problem. Also the group algebras of generalized quaternion groups represent classes of Morita-equivalence of tame group blocks from K. Erdmann’s classification. In particular, the BV -structure on the Hochschild cohomology of group algebras of some noncommutative groups is described.

In this paper we present the results announced in the recent work by the first, second, and fourth authors of the current paper concerning Rubio de Francia extrapolation for the so-called multilinear Muckenhoupt classes. Here we consider the situations where some of the exponents of the Lebesgue spaces appearing in the hypotheses and/or in the conclusion can be possibly infinity. The scheme we follow is similar, but, in doing so, we need to develop a one-variable end-point off-diagonal extrapolation result. This complements the corresponding ``finite'' case obtained by Duoandikoetxea, which was one of the main tools in the aforementioned paper. The second goal of this paper is to present some applications. For example, we obtain the full range of mixed-norm estimates for tensor products of bilinear Calder\'on-Zygmund operators with a proof based on extrapolation and on some estimates with weights in some mixed-norm classes. The same occurs with the multilinear Calder\'on-Zygmund operators, the bilinear Hilbert transform, and the corresponding commutators with BMO functions. Extrapolation along with the already established weighted norm inequalities easily give scalar and vector-valued inequalities with multilinear weights and these include the end-point cases., Comment: v2: final version, incorporated referee comments, to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 pages

In this paper, we construct and study a semigroup associated to an action of a countable discrete group on a compact Hausdorff space that can be regarded as a higher dimensional generalization of the type semigroup. We study when this semigroup is almost unperforated. This leads to a new characterization of dynamical comparison and thus answers a question of Kerr and Schafhauser. In addition, this paper suggests a definition of comparison for dynamical systems in which neither the acting group is necessarily amenable nor the action is minimal.

This paper is concerned with factors of independent and identically distributed processes on the $d$ -regular tree for $d\geq 3$ . We study the mutual information of values on two given vertices. If the vertices are neighbors (i.e. their distance is $1$ ), then a known inequality between the entropy of a vertex and the entropy of an edge provides an upper bound for the (normalized) mutual information. In this paper we obtain upper bounds for vertices at an arbitrary distance $k$ , of order $(d-1)^{-k/2}$ . Although these bounds are sharp, we also show that an interesting phenomenon occurs here: for any fixed process, the rate of mutual information decay is much faster, essentially of order $(d-1)^{-k}$ .

This paper is devoted to exponential dichotomies of nonautonomous difference equations. Under the assumptions that $(A_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ is a sequence of bounded operators acting on an arbitrary Banach space $X$ that admits a uniform exponential dichotomy and that $(B_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ is a sequence of compact operators such that $\lim_{; ; ; ; \lvert m\rvert \to \infty}; ; ; ; \lVert B_m\rVert=0$, D. Henry proved that either the sequence $(A_m+B_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; $ admits a uniform exponential dichotomy or there exists a bounded nonzero sequence $(x_m)_{; ; ; ; m\in \Z}; ; ; ; \subset X$ such that $x_{; ; ; ; m+1}; ; ; ; = (A_m+B_m)x_m$ for each $m\in \Z$. In this paper we prove Henry's result in the setting of \emph{; ; ; ; nonuniform}; ; ; ; exponential dichotomies. Then we obtain a result on roughness of the nonuniform exponential dichotomy and give stability of Lyapunov exponents. In addition, we establish corresponding results for dynamics with continuous time.

This is the second in a series of papers ([7] and [6] are the others) that studies the behavior of harmonic maps into the Weil–Petersson completion 𝒯 ¯ {\overline{\mathcal{T}}} of Teichmüller space. The boundary of 𝒯 ¯ {\overline{\mathcal{T}}} is stratified by lower-dimensional Teichmüller spaces and the normal space to each stratum is a product of copies of a singular space 𝐇 ¯ {\overline{\bf H}} called the model space. The significance of 𝐇 ¯ {\overline{\bf H}} is that it captures the singular behavior of the Weil–Petersson geometry of 𝒯 ¯ {\overline{\mathcal{T}}} . The main result of the paper is that certain subsets of 𝐇 ¯ {\overline{\bf H}} are essentially regular in the sense that harmonic maps to those spaces admit uniform approximation by affine functions. This is a modified version of the notion of essential regularity introduced by Gromov–Schoen in [12] for maps into Euclidean buildings and is one of the key ingredients in proving superrigidity. In the process, we introduce new coordinates on 𝐇 ¯ {\overline{\bf H}} and estimate the metric and its derivatives with respect to the new coordinates. These results form the technical core for studying the analytic behavior of harmonic maps into the completion of Teichmüller space and are utilized in our subsequent paper [6], where we prove the holomorphic rigidity of the Teichmüller space and several rigidity results for the mapping class group.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study Hom-Gel’fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras and Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras. In this paper, we provide different ways for constructing Hom-Gel’fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras. Also, we obtain some infinite-dimensional Hom-Lie superalgebras from affinization of Hom-Gel’fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras. Finally, we give a general construction of Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras from Hom-Lie superalgebras and establish the equivalence between quadratic Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras and Hom-Gel’fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras.

In this paper, we describe several types of fuzzy arithmetics and discuss their applicability to fuzzy numbers in arbitrary and generalized trapezoidal forms. The methods of calculation of results of arithmetic operations described in the paper can be used for mathematical modeling of economical processes and the creation of decision support systems.

The paper is devoted to the master thesis on “information theory” which was written by the author in 1956–57. The topic was suggested by his advisor A. A. Bobrov (a student of A. Ya. Khinchin and A. N. Kolmogorov), and the thesis was written under the influence of lectures by N. I. Gavrilov (a student of I. G. Petrovskii) on the qualitative theory of differential equations, which included the statement of Birkhoff’s theorem for ergodic dynamical systems. In the thesis, the author used the concept of Shannon entropy in the study of ergodic dynamical systems f(p, t) in a separable compact metric space R with an invariant measure μ (where μ(R) = 1) and introduced the notion of the (ϵ, T)-entropy of a system as a quantitative characteristic of the degree of mixing. In the work, not only partitions of R were considered, but also partitions of the interval (−∞,∞) into subintervals of length T > 0. In particular, f(p, T) was regarded as an automorphism S of X = R, and the (ϵ, T)-entropy is essentially the e-entropy of S. But, despite some “oversights” in the definition of the (ϵ, T)-entropy and many years that have passed, the author decided to publish the corresponding chapter of the thesis in connection with the following: 1) There is a number of papers that refer to this work in the explanation of the history of the concept of Kolmogorov’s entropy. 2) Recently, B. M. Gurevich obtained new results on the ϵ-entropy hϵ(S), which show that for two ergodic automorphisms with equal finite entropies their ϵ-entropies also coincide for all ϵ, but, on the other hand, there are unexpected nonergodic automorphisms with equal finite entropies, but different ϵ-entropies for some ϵ. This shows that the concept of ϵ-entropy is of scientific value.

Stability in distribution, implying the existence of the invariant probability measure, is an important measure of stochastic hybrid system. However, the effect of Levy jumps on the stability in distribution is still unclear. In this paper, we consider a n-species competitive Lotka–Volterra model with Levy jumps under regime-switching. First, we prove the existence of the global positive solution, obtain the upper and lower boundedness. Then, asymptotic stability in distribution as the main result of our paper is derived under some sufficient conditions. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to support our theoretical results and a brief discussion is given.

The present paper is devoted to graph-links with many components and consists of two parts. In the first part of the paper we classify vertices of a labeled graph according to the component they belong to. Using this classification, we construct an invariant of graph-links. This invariant shows that the labeled second Bouchet graph generates a nonrealizable graph-link. In the second part of the work we introduce the notion of an oriented graph-link. We define a writhe number for the oriented graph-link and we get an invariant of oriented graph-links, the Jones polynomial, by normalizing the Kauffman bracket with the writhe number.

The classification of subfactors of small index revealed several new subfactors. The first subfactor above index 4, the Haagerup subfactor, is increasingly well understood and appears to lie in a (discrete) infinite family of subfactors where the ℤ \mathbb{Z} /3 ℤ \mathbb{Z} symmetry is replaced by other finite abelian groups. The goal of this paper is to give a similarly good description of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor which emerged from our study of its Brauer–Picard groupoid. More specifically, we construct a new subfactor 𝒮 {\mathcal{S}} which is a ℤ \mathbb{Z} /4 ℤ \mathbb{Z} × \times ℤ \mathbb{Z} /2 ℤ \mathbb{Z} analogue of the Haagerup subfactor and we show that the even parts of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor are higher Morita equivalent to an orbifold quotient of 𝒮 {\mathcal{S}} . This gives a new construction of the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor which is much more symmetric and easier to work with than the original construction. As a consequence, we can settle many open questions about the Asaeda–Haagerup subfactor: calculating its Drinfeld center, classifying all extensions of the Asaeda–Haagerup fusion categories, finding the full higher Morita equivalence class of the Asaeda–Haagerup fusion categories, and finding intermediate subfactor lattices for subfactors coming from the Asaeda–Haagerup categories. The details of the applications will be given in subsequent papers.

The remarkable class of measurable functions was introduced by classics of function theory. It has found different applications in various branches of mathematics. However this class turned out too restrictive for solving some natural mathematical problems because it is essentially connected with the property of countability. Therefore, along with it another remarkable class, essentially connected with the property of finiteness, was introduced. It is the class of uniform functions. Measurable functions are described both in the classical Lebesgue–Borel language of preimages and in the quite new language of covers. Uniform functions are described in the language of covers exclusively. Both the families of measurable functions and the families of uniform functions are determined by the rigid structure of their supports (descriptive spaces). For this reason, mathematicians weakened more that once the rigidity of the structure of descriptive spaces at the expense of using the additional property of negligence. The present paper is devoted to a contemporary formalization of the indicated ideas. Some applications of the introduced classes of functions to solving a number of known mathematical problems is traced in the paper.

This paper deals with an extremal problem concerning hypergraph colorings. Let k be an integer. The problem is to find the value m k (n) equal to the minimum number of edges in an n-uniform hypergraph not admitting two-colorings of the vertex set such that every edge of the hypergraph contains at least k vertices of each color. In this paper, we obtain upper bounds of m k (n) for small k and n, the exact value of m 4(8), and a lower bound for m 3(7).

We introduce a conjecture that we call the {\it Two Hyperplane Conjecture}, saying that an isoperimetric surface that divides a convex body in half by volume is trapped between parallel hyperplanes. The conjecture is motivated by an approach we propose to the {\it Hots Spots Conjecture} of J. Rauch using deformation and Lipschitz bounds for level sets of eigenfunctions. We will relate this approach to quantitative connectivity properties of level sets of solutions to elliptic variational problems, including isoperimetric inequalities, Poincar\'e inequalities, Harnack inequalities, and NTA (non-tangentially accessibility). This paper mostly asks questions rather than answering them, while recasting known results in a new light. Its main theme is that the level sets of least energy solutions to scalar variational problems should be as simple as possible., Comment: 22 pages, this new version corrects one word in the introduction, Aguilera is the name of the first author of a paper cited (not Athanosopoulos). Thanks to Joel Spruck for pointing out this error

Gromov's compactness theorem for pseudo-holomorphic curves is a foundational result in symplectic geometry. It controls the compactness of the moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic curves with bounded area in a symplectic manifold. In this paper, we prove the analog of Gromov's compactness theorem in non-archimedean analytic geometry. We work in the framework of Berkovich spaces. First, we introduce a notion of K\"ahler structure in non-archimedean analytic geometry using metrizations of virtual line bundles. Second, we introduce formal stacks and non-archimedean analytic stacks. Then we construct the moduli stack of non-archimedean analytic stable maps using formal models, Artin's representability criterion and the geometry of stable curves. Finally, we reduce the non-archimedean problem to the known compactness results in algebraic geometry. The motivation of this paper is to provide the foundations for non-archimedean enumerative geometry., Comment: Improved presentation