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Talk presented at the Workshop on Arabic Logic in honour of Tony Street University of California, Berkeley, 24-25 April 2022; International audience; The present study, focused on Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq, develops some preliminary explorations on his remarkable epistemology of presence, in light of his postulate of the priority of the experience of unity by presence. Furthermore, the paper should pave the way for responding to the challenges of Tony Street and others on the compatibility of Suhrawardī's critique of Ibn Sīnā with the development of a temporal and modal syllogism that seems quite close to that of Ibn Sīnā. Suhrawardī's modalities are to be understood as the different ways a predicate relates to its subject rather than as propositional operators. Necessarily necessary modality relates unconditionally the subject-term with the predicate-term; in contrast, necessarily contingent modality relates conditionally these terms. Moreover, necessarily necessary predication either admits simple conversion (corresponds to definition) or not (corresponds to genus). Necessarily contingent predication can also be declined in admitting simple conversion (corresponds to proprium) and not admitting this conversion (corresponds to accident). Necessarily contingent predication includes acquired potentialities or capacities such as literacy; and natural or not-acquired, such as breathing. Whereas predicating a not-acquired capacity of an actual individual involves time as focusing in one particular individual-e.g. laughing/breathing is necessarily but contingently said of humans since there must be at least one time when laughing is present, and one when it is absent concerning each individual; predicating an acquired capacity amounts to asserting such a contingency with regard to the whole genus-e.g., predicating literacy of humans assumes that at least one individual in at least one time actualizes literacy iff there is another human who does not-there are some variants related to commitment to either strong or Weak Plenitude (only acquired capacities seem to admit Weak Plenitude). We will put this at work in Suhrawardī's own (sketchy) framework for syllogism.

International audience; The present study, focused on Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq, develops some preliminary explorations on his remarkable epistemology of presence, in light of his postulate of the priority of the experience of unity by presence. Furthermore, the paper should pave the way for responding to the challenges of Tony Street and others on the compatibility of Suhrawardī's critique of Ibn Sīnā with the development of a temporal and modal syllogism that seems quite close to that of Ibn Sīnā. Suhrawardī's modalities are to be understood as the different ways a predicate relates to its subject rather than as propositional operators. Necessarily necessary modality relates unconditionally the subject-term with the predicate-term; in contrast, necessarily contingent modality relates conditionally these terms. Moreover, necessarily necessary predication either admits simple conversion (corresponds to definition) or not (corresponds to genus). Necessarily contingent predication can also be declined in admitting simple conversion (corresponds to proprium) and not admitting this conversion (corresponds to accident). Necessarily contingent predication includes acquired potentialities or capacities such as literacy; and natural or not-acquired, such as breathing. Whereas predicating a not-acquired capacity of an actual individual involves time as focusing in one particular individual-e.g. laughing/breathing is necessarily but contingently said of humans since there must be at least one time when laughing is present, and one when it is absent concerning each individual; predicating an acquired capacity amounts to asserting such a contingency with regard to the whole genus-e.g., predicating literacy of humans assumes that at least one individual in at least one time actualizes literacy iff there is another human who does not-there are some variants related to commitment to either strong or Weak Plenitude (only acquired capacities seem to admit Weak Plenitude). We will put this at work in Suhrawardī's own (sketchy) framework for syllogism.

International audience; It is our main claim that the time is ripe to link the dynamic turn launched by game-theoretical approaches to meaning with P. Martin-Löf's Constructive Type Theory (CTT). Furthermore, we also claim that the dialogical framework provides the appropriate means to develop such a link. We will restrict our study to the discussion of two paradigmatic cases of dependences triggered by quantifiers, namely the case of the Axiom of Choice and the study of anaphora, that are by the way two of the most cherished examples of Hintikka.

International audience; Recent literature on dialogical logic discusses the case of tonk and the notion harmony in the context of a rule-based theory of meaning. Now, since the publications of those papers, a dialogical version of constructive type theory (CTT) has been developed. The aim of the present paper is to show that, from the dialogical point of view, the harmony of the CTT-rules is the consequence of a more fundamental level of meaning characterized by the independence of players. We hope that the following paper will contribute to a better understanding of the dialogical notion of meaning.; En la bibliografía reciente se estudia el caso de tonk y el concepto de armonía en el contexto de una teoría del significado basado en reglas. Ahora bien, desde la publicación de esos textos la teoría dialógica ha sido vinculada con la Teoría Constructiva de Tipos (CTT). El objetivo principal del presente artículo es mostrar que, desde la perspectiva dialógica, la armonía de las reglas de la CTT es consecuencia de un nivel más fundamental de significado en el que las reglas se formulan independientemente del jugador que las aplica. Esperamos que el presente trabajo contribuya a una mejor comprensión del concepto dialógico de significado.

Résumé: La principale thèse de la présente étude est que le niveau ontologique et propositionnel de l'identité peut être considéré comme enraciné dans une forme spécifique de l'interaction dialogique gouverné par ce qui, dans la littérature sur la théorie sémantiques des jeux, a été appelé règle formelle ou stratégie de copy-cat ou (plus récemment) règle socratique. En fait, l'idée principale est que les formes explicites de l'identité intensionnelle exprimées au moyen d'une affirmation sont, au niveau stratégique, le résultat de choix du proposant, qui copie les choix de son adversaire afin d'introduire une définition réelle. En bref : selon notre approche, les expressions d'identité explicitent un type particulier d'interaction argumentative. Le prédicat d’identité propositionnelle habituel en logique du premier ordre est introduit, de manière systématique, à un stade ultérieur et il résulte de l'identité établie au niveau ontologique.

International audience

International audience

International audience; This Festschrift is published on the occasion of Gerhard Heinzmann's 60th birthday. Its title "Construction" refers to Heinzmann's philosophical options (intuitionism, dialogical pragmatism, constructivism), as well as to his exceptional involvement in the building of many scientific enterprises and new scientific institutions. Sixty authors contributed to the volume, and the gathered essays witness the various centers of interest and intellectual achievements of Heinzmann. They are organized in five sections: (1) Henri Poincaré; (2) History and Philosophy of Mathematics; (3) History and Philosophy of Logic; (4) Pragmatism; and (5) Miscellaneous.; Cette Festschrift est publiée à l'occasion du 60e anniversaire de Gerhard Heinzmann. Son titre, "Construction", renvoie tout autant aux options philosophiques de Heinzmann (l'intuitionnisme, le pragmatisme dialogique, le contructivisme) qu'à son engagement exceptionnel dans de multiples entreprises scientifiques et dans l'édification d'institutions scientifiques nouvelles. Soixante auteurs ont contribué à ce volume, et les articles rassemblés témoignent de la variété des centres d'intérêt et des réalisations intellectuelles de Heinzmann. L'ensemble est organisé en cinq sections : (1) Henri Poincaré ; (2) Histoire et philosophie des mathématiques ; (3) Histoire et philosophie de la logique ; (4) Pragmatisme ; et (5) Varia

International audience