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23 results on '"Modat, Anne"'

3. Priorities for research on environment, climate and health, a European perspective

Author

Drakvik, Elina, Kogevinas, Manolis, Bergman, Åke, Devouge, Anais, Barouki, Robert, Devouge, Anaïs, Sarigiannis, Denis, Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Matthies-Wiesler, Franziska, Peters, Annette, Zalko, Daniel, Villanueva, Cristina, Tonne, Cathryn, Cardis, Elisabeth, Diago-Navarro, Elizabeth, Antó, Josep M., Foraster, Maria, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Straif, Kurt, van Veldhoven, Karin, Belesova, Kristine, Pearce, Neil, Haines, Andy, Klánová, Jana, Šebková, Kateřina, Pokorný, Lukáš, Hilscherová, Klára, Boekhold, Sandra, Staatsen, Brigit, van der Vliet, Nina, Furman, Eeva, Paloniemi, Riikka, Rekola, Aino, Aulake, Marianne, Byers, Vivienne, Gilmer, Alan, Huss, Anke, Vermeulen, Roel, Slama, Rémy, Samson, Michel, Albin, Maria, Grönlund, Åke, Garric, Jeanne, Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HERA (Health and Environment Research Agenda) Consortium: Robert Barouki, Manolis Kogevinas, Åke Bergman, Elina Drakvik, Anaïs Devouge, Denis Sarigiannis, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Franziska Matthies-Wiesler, Annette Peters, Daniel Zalko, Cristina Villanueva, Cathryn Tonne, Elisabeth Cardis, Elizabeth Diago-Navarro, Josep M Antó, Maria Foraster, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Kurt Straif, Karin van Veldhoven, Kristine Belesova, Neil Pearce, Andy Haines, Jana Klánová, Kateřina Šebková, Lukáš Pokorný, Klára Hilscherová, Sandra Boekhold, Brigit Staatsen, Nina van der Vliet, Eeva Furman, Riikka Paloniemi, Aino Rekola, Marianne Aulake, Vivienne Byers, Alan Gilmer, Anke Huss, Roel Vermeulen, Rémy Slama, Michel Samson, Maria Albin, Åke Grönlund, Jeanne Garric, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Transformational change, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Climate, Impact assessment, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Climate Change, Urbanization, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Research agenda, Infrastructures, Europe, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Humans, Chemicals, Cities, Impact Assessment, Research Agenda, Transformational Change, Ecosystem
Abstract

Climate change, urbanisation, chemical pollution and disruption of ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, affect our health and wellbeing. Research is crucial to be able to respond to the current and future challenges that are often complex and interconnected by nature. The HERA Agenda, summarised in this commentary, identifies six thematic research goals in the environment, climate and health fields. These include research to 1) reduce the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on health and environment, 2) promote healthy lives in cities and communities, 3) eliminate harmful chemical exposures, 4) improve health impact assessment and implementation research, 5) develop infrastructures, technologies and human resources and 6) promote research on transformational change towards sustainability. Numerous specific recommendations for research topics, i.e., specific research goals, are presented under each major research goal. Several methods were used to define the priorities, including web-based surveys targeting researchers and stakeholder groups as well as a series of online and face-to-face workshops, involving hundreds of researchers and other stakeholders. The results call for an unprecedented effort to support a better understanding of the causes, interlinkages and impacts of environmental stressors on health and the environment. This will require breakdown of silos within policies, research, actors as well as in our institutional arrangements in order to enable more holistic approaches and solutions to emerge. The HERA project has developed a unique and exciting opportunity in Europe to consensuate priorities in research and strengthen research that has direct societal impact. The HERA project was funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 825417.

Published
2021
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4. Rhesus macaques self-curing from a schistosome infection can display complete immunity to challenge

Author

Adriana S. A. Pereira, Claudia J. de Dood, Rafaela de Paula Freitas, Murilo S. Amaral, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Patricia A. Miyasato, Jorge Kalil, Vânia Gomes de Moura Mattaraia, Christoph Grunau, R. Alan Wilson, Simone de Oliveira Castro, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Daisy Woellner Santos, Elisa M. Tjon Kon Fat, Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, Eliana Nakano, Govert J. van Dam, Ana Carolina Tahira, João V M Malvezzi, Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of York [York, UK], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Modat, Anne, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Male, General Physics and Astronomy, Vacuole, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, 0302 clinical medicine, Histone post-translational modifications, Lymphocytes, Genes, Helminth, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Schistosoma mansoni, Acquired immune system, 3. Good health, Rhesus macaque, Lytic cycle, Larva, Female, Antibody, Parasitic infection, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Helminth, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Antibodies, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Immunity, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Parasite Egg Count, 030304 developmental biology, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Macaca mulatta, Schistosomiasis mansoni, Disease Models, Animal, Antigens, Helminth, Reinfection, Immunology, biology.protein, Parasite host response, Granulocytes
Abstract

The rhesus macaque provides a unique model of acquired immunity against schistosomes, which afflict >200 million people worldwide. By monitoring bloodstream levels of parasite-gut-derived antigen, we show that from week 10 onwards an established infection with Schistosoma mansoni is cleared in an exponential manner, eliciting resistance to reinfection. Secondary challenge at week 42 demonstrates that protection is strong in all animals and complete in some. Antibody profiles suggest that antigens mediating protection are the released products of developing schistosomula. In culture they are killed by addition of rhesus plasma, collected from week 8 post-infection onwards, and even more efficiently with post-challenge plasma. Furthermore, cultured schistosomula lose chromatin activating marks at the transcription start site of genes related to worm development and show decreased expression of genes related to lysosomes and lytic vacuoles involved with autophagy. Overall, our results indicate that enhanced antibody responses against the challenge migrating larvae mediate the naturally acquired protective immunity and will inform the route to an effective vaccine., To date there is only one single drug with modest efficacy and no vaccine available to protect from schistosomiasis. Here, Amaral et al. characterize the self-cure process of rhesus macaques following primary infection and secondary challenge with Schistosoma mansoni to inform future vaccine development studies.

Published
2021
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7. Chromatin landscape dynamics in the early development of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Author

Hassanaly-Goulamhoussen, Rahim, Augusto, Ronaldo de Carvalho, Marteu-Garello, Nathalie, Péré, Arthur, Favery, Bruno, Da Rocha, Martine, Danchin, Etienne, Abad, Pierre, Grunau, Christoph, Perfus-Barbeoch, Laetitia, De Carvalho Augusto, Ronaldo, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, root-knot nematode, QH301-705.5, parasitism, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Development, 01 natural sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Meloidogyne incognita, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Epigenetics, Biology (General), Model organism, development, Gene, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, epigenetics, ved/biology, histone modifications, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cell Biology, Epigenome, biology.organism_classification, Chromatin, Histone, Evolutionary biology, Parasitism, biology.protein, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], H3K4me3, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Developmental Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In model organisms, epigenome dynamics underlies a plethora of biological processes. The role of epigenetic modifications in development and parasitism in nematode pests remains unknown. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita adapts rapidly to unfavorable conditions, despite its asexual reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying this remarkable plasticity and their potential impact on gene expression remain unknown. This study provides the first insight into contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to this plasticity, by studying histone modifications in M. incognita. The distribution of five histone modifications revealed the existence of strong epigenetic signatures, similar to those found in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We investigated their impact on chromatin structure and their distribution relative to transposable elements (TE) loci. We assessed the influence of the chromatin landscape on gene expression at two developmental stages: eggs, and pre-parasitic juveniles. H3K4me3 histone modification was strongly correlated with high levels of expression for protein-coding genes implicated in stage-specific processes during M. incognita development. We provided new insights in the dynamic regulation of parasitism genes kept under histone modifications silencing. In this pioneering study, we establish a comprehensive framework for the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of the genome expression and its stability in plant-parasitic nematodes.Author summaryThe nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive plant parasites worldwide. Its ability to infect a wide range of hosts and its high adaptability contribute to its parasitic success. We investigated the role of epigenetic mechanisms — specifically post-translational histone modifications — in the parasitic life cycle. We showed these modifications are linked to gene expression regulation and likely contribute to nematode development and pathogenicity.

Published
2021
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9. A Sustained Immune Response Supports Long-Term Antiviral Immune Priming in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author

Julien de Lorgeril, Guillaume Mitta, Cristian Chaparro, Agnès Vergnes, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Bruno Petton, Philippe Haffner, Célia Barrachina, Yannick Gueguen, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Caroline Montagnani, Maxime Lafont, Benjamin Gourbal, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), ANR-13-JSV7-0009,INVIMORY,Immunité mémoire chez les invertébrés : spécificité et mécanismes de l'immunité mémoire chez le mollusque Lophotrochozoaire Biomphalaria glabrata.(2013), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016), Modat, Anne, Appel à projets générique - Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître - - DECIPHER2014 - ANR-14-CE19-0023 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Immunité mémoire chez les invertébrés : spécificité et mécanismes de l'immunité mémoire chez le mollusque Lophotrochozoaire Biomphalaria glabrata. - - INVIMORY2013 - ANR-13-JSV7-0009 - JC - VALID, Initiative d'excellence - Université Fédérale de Toulouse - - UNITI2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID, Preventing and mitigating farmed bivalve diseases - VIVALDI - - H20202016-03-01 - 2020-02-29 - 678589 - VALID, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oyster, invertebrate-microbe interactions, Priming (immunology), poly(I-C), immune memory, Transcriptome, antiviral response, Interferon, innate immunity, 0303 health sciences, oyster, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, interferon, Pacific oyster, Acquired immune system, QR1-502, DNA Virus Infections, Up-Regulation, interferons, poly(I·C), medicine.drug, animal structures, Microbiology, ostreid herpesvirus, Host-Microbe Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Virology, biology.animal, medicine, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, POMS, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, priming, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, OsHV-1, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, DNA Viruses, mollusks, transcriptomic, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Poly I-C, Immunology, Commentary, bacteria, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Viral diseases cause significant losses in aquaculture. Prophylactic measures, such as immune priming, are promising control strategies. Treatment of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with the double-stranded RNA analog poly(I·C) confers long-term protection against infection with ostreid herpesvirus 1, the causative agent of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. In a recent article in mBio, Lafont and coauthors (M. Lafont, A. Vergnes, J. Vidal-Dupiol, J., Viral diseases cause significant losses in aquaculture. Prophylactic measures, such as immune priming, are promising control strategies. Treatment of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with the double-stranded RNA analog poly(I·C) confers long-term protection against infection with ostreid herpesvirus 1, the causative agent of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. In a recent article in mBio, Lafont and coauthors (M. Lafont, A. Vergnes, J. Vidal-Dupiol, J. de Lorgeril, et al., mBio 11:e02777-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02777-19) characterized the transcriptome of oysters treated with poly(I·C). This immune stimulator induced genes related to the interferon and apoptosis pathways. This response overlaps the response to viral infection, and high expression levels of potential effector genes are maintained for up to 4 months. This work opens the door to characterization of the phenomena of immune priming in a poorly studied invertebrate model. It also highlights the importance of interferon-like responses for invertebrate antiviral immunity.

Published
2020
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10. The Ancestral N-Terminal Domain of Big Defensins Drives Bacterially Triggered Assembly into Antimicrobial Nanonets

Author

Sébastien N. Voisin, Evelyne Bachère, Jennifer da Silva, Lhousseine Touqui, Cairé Barreto, Albert Bressan, Karine Loth, Chantal Cazevielle, Agnès F. Delmas, Hélène Marchandin, Philippe Bulet, Agnès Vergnes, Rafael Diego Rosa, Hervé Meudal, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Vincent Aucagne, Nawal Belmadi, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Plateforme Biopark d'Archamps, Mucoviscidose et bronchopathies chroniques : biopathologie et phénotypes cliniques (EA 2511), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Pasteur [Paris], MRI-COMET, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
fibrils, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MRSA, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, antimicrobial peptides, Defensin, innate immunity, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Vertebrate, hemic and immune systems, respiratory system, Antimicrobial, QR1-502, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Staphylococcus aureus, Research Article, Antimicrobial peptides, Biology, 010402 general chemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, biology.animal, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], medicine, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, antimicrobial resistance, Crassostrea, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, Applied and Environmental Science, Phylum, fungi, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, Nanostructures, 0104 chemical sciences, mechanisms of action, nuclear magnetic resonance, Bacteria, defensins
Abstract

β-Defensins are host defense peptides controlling infections in species ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the antimicrobial activity of most human β-defensins is impaired at physiological salt concentrations. We explored the properties of big defensins, the β-defensin ancestors, which have been conserved in a number of marine organisms, mainly mollusks. By focusing on a big defensin from oyster (Cg-BigDef1), we showed that the N-terminal domain lost during evolution toward β-defensins confers bactericidal activity to Cg-BigDef1, even at high salt concentrations. Cg-BigDef1 killed multidrug-resistant human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the ancestral N-terminal domain drove the assembly of the big defensin into nanonets in which bacteria are entrapped and killed. This discovery may explain why the ancestral N-terminal domain has been maintained in diverse marine phyla and creates a new path of discovery to design β-defensin derivatives active at physiological and high salt concentrations., Big defensins, ancestors of β-defensins, are composed of a β-defensin-like C-terminal domain and a globular hydrophobic ancestral N-terminal domain. This unique structure is found in a limited number of phylogenetically distant species, including mollusks, ancestral chelicerates, and early-branching cephalochordates, mostly living in marine environments. One puzzling evolutionary issue concerns the advantage for these species of having maintained a hydrophobic domain lost during evolution toward β-defensins. Using native ligation chemistry, we produced the oyster Crassostrea gigas BigDef1 (Cg-BigDef1) and its separate domains. Cg-BigDef1 showed salt-stable and broad-range bactericidal activity, including against multidrug-resistant human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We found that the ancestral N-terminal domain confers salt-stable antimicrobial activity to the β-defensin-like domain, which is otherwise inactive. Moreover, upon contact with bacteria, the N-terminal domain drives Cg-BigDef1 assembly into nanonets that entrap and kill bacteria. We speculate that the hydrophobic N-terminal domain of big defensins has been retained in marine phyla to confer salt-stable interactions with bacterial membranes in environments where electrostatic interactions are impaired. Those remarkable properties open the way to future drug developments when physiological salt concentrations inhibit the antimicrobial activity of vertebrate β-defensins.

Published
2019
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11. Real-time PCR for diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis

Author

Sophie Cassaing, Jérôme Boissier, Hélène Guegan, Antoine Berry, Alexis Valentin, Judith Fillaux, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Eléna Charpentier, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Emilie Guemas, Pamela Chauvin, Xavier Iriart, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), ANR 18 CE35 0001 03, U.S. Department of Defense, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-18-CE35-0001,HySWARM,Hybrid Swarm: rôle de l'hybridation dans les capacités invasives, l'épidémiologie et le diagnostic de la schistosomiase(2018), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Schistosoma Mansoni, Physiology, Biopsy, RC955-962, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Urine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gastroenterology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, MESH: DNA, Helminth / analysis, Feces, Schistosomiasis haematobia, MESH: Biopsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Schistosomiasis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / blood, MESH: Travel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Schistosoma haematobium, Travel, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Eukaryota, DNA, Helminth, 6. Clean water, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Helminth Infections, Schistosoma, Schistosoma mansoni, Anatomy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / urine, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / diagnosis, MESH: Schistosoma haematobium / isolation & purification, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Helminths, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / urine, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Gold standard (test), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Invertebrates, Schistosoma Haematobium, MESH: Schistosomiasis haematobia / diagnosis, Schistosomiasis mansoni, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Feces / parasitology, MESH: Schistosomiasis mansoni / blood, business
Abstract

Background The diagnosis of schistosomiasis currently relies on microscopic detection of schistosome eggs in stool or urine samples and serological assays. The poor sensitivity of standard microscopic procedures performed in routine laboratories, makes molecular detection methods of increasing interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate two in-house real-time Schistosoma PCRs, targeting respectively S. mansoni [Sm] and S. haematobium [Sh] in excreta, biopsies and sera as potential tools to diagnose active infections and to monitor treatment efficacy. Methods Schistosoma PCRs were performed on 412 samples (124 urine, 86 stools, 8 biopsies, 194 sera) from patients with suspected schistosomiasis, before anti-parasitic treatment. Results were compared to microscopic examination and serological assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect haemagglutination (HA) and Western Blot (WB) assay). Results Compared to microscopy, PCRs significantly increased the sensitivity of diagnosis, from 4% to 10.5% and from 33.7% to 48.8%, for Sh in urine and Sm in stools, respectively. The overall sensitivity of PCR on serum samples was 72.7% and reached 94.1% in patients with positive excreta (microscopy). The specificity of serum PCR was 98.9%. After treatment, serum PCR positivity rates slowly declined from 93.8% at day 30 to 8.3% at day 360, whereas antibody detection remained positive after 1 year. Conclusion Schistosoma PCRs clearly outperform standard microscopy on stools and urine and could be part of reference methods combined with WB-based serology, which remains a gold standard for initial diagnosis. When serological assays are positive and microscopy is negative, serum PCRs provide species information to guide further clinical exploration. Biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies are of limited relevance for early treatment monitoring but serum PCR could be useful when performed at least 1 year after treatment to help confirm a cured infection., Author summary Schistosomiasis is one of the most important human parasitic neglected tropical diseases. It is a major source of morbidity and mortality in Africa but also in South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. It is transmitted by skin penetration of schistosome cercariae via contact with freshwater. Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium are the most common species and are frequent causes of infection in travelers and migrants returning from endemic areas. Chronic infections with these two species can cause irreversible damage to the liver or genitourinary tract. Diagnosis mainly relies on serological screening and microscopic procedures from urine and stool specimens that can, however, fail to detect low parasite burden and depend on operator competence. So there is a need to improve the detection of this disease. With this retrospective study, we evaluate the accuracy of a specific Schistosoma PCR assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis on a large cohort of migrants and travelers returning from endemic areas. Our study showed that PCR, a technique allowing Schistosoma DNA amplification and detection, greatly improved the diagnosis of both parasite species in urine, feces and biopsies. We also demonstrate that the detection of circulating Schistosoma DNA in blood by PCR is useful to confirm schistosomiasis diagnosis, to provide a species identification when the microscopy research is negative and to monitor the treatment efficacy.

Published
2019
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12. Alterins Produced by Oyster-Associated Pseudoalteromonas Are Antibacterial Cyclolipopeptides with LPS-Binding Activity

Author

Yannick Fleury, Abderrafek El Harras, Martine Pugnière, Florie Desriac, Benjamin Brillet, Patrick Le Chevalier, Matthieu Simon, Arnaud Bondon, Patrice Got, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Oyster, Pharmaceutical Science, Human pathogen, Context (language use), Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudoalteromonas, Immune system, antibiotic, biology.animal, Drug Discovery, Hemolymph, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, cyclolipopeptides, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Biology (General), bacteria, Antibacterial activity, alterin, Bacteria
Abstract

Discovery after discovery, host-associated microbiota reveal a growing list of positive effects on host homeostasis by contributing to host nutrition, improving hosts' immune systems and protecting hosts against pathogens. In that context, a collection of oyster associated bacteria producing antibacterial compounds have been established to evaluate their role in non-host-derived immunity. Here, we described alterins, potent anti-Gram negative compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas hCg-6 and hCg-42 isolated from different healthy oyster hemolymph. The strains hCg-6 and hCg-42 produce a set of at least seven antibacterial compounds, ranging from 926 to 982 Da structurally characterized as cyclolipopeptides (CLPs). Alterins share the same cationic heptapeptidic cycle connected via an amido bond to different hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Their MICs disclosed a potent antibacterial activity directed against Gram-negative bacteria including oyster and human pathogens that may confer a beneficial defense mechanism to the host but also represents an untapped source of new antibiotics. The alterins&rsquo, mechanisms of action have been deciphered: after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alterins provoke a membrane depolarization and permeabilization leading to bacterial lysis. As hCg-6 and hCg-42 produced a set of natural derivatives, the structure/activity relationship linked to the carbon tail is clarified. We showed that the hydrocarbon tail determines the LPS-binding properties of alterins and consequently their antibacterial activities. Its length and saturation seem to play a major role in this interaction.

Published
2020
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13. Resistance of the oyster pathogen Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 against grazing by Vannella sp. marine amoeba involves Vsm and CopA virulence factors

Author

Chantal Cazevieille, Carmen Lopez-Joven, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Sandra Le Bissonnais, Angélique Perret, Yann Héchard, Guillaume M. Charrière, Jean Luc Rolland, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Etienne Robino, Tristan P. Rubio, Hajar Amraoui, Aurore C. Poirier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Oyster, food.ingredient, Virulence Factors, Zoology, Virulence, Microbiology, Amoeba (genus), 03 medical and health sciences, food, Bacterial Proteins, Vibrionaceae, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, 14. Life underwater, Amoeba, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Vibrio, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Vannella, Intracellular parasite, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Ostreidae, Amoebozoa, Predatory Behavior
Abstract

International audience; Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events and behave as facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster haemocytes. Herein, we wondered whether V. tasmaniensis LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis is specific to oyster immune cells or contributes to resistance to other phagocytes, like marine amoebae. To address this question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster farms to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae. An isolate of the Vannella genus, Vannella sp. AP1411, which was collected from oyster farms, is ubiquitous, and belongs to one clade of Vannella that could be found associated with Vibrionaceae. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by Vannella sp. AP1411 and this phenotype depends on some previously identified virulence factors: secreted metalloprotease Vsm and copper efflux p-ATPase CopA, which act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions, whereas some other virulence factors were not involved. Altogether, our work indicates that some virulence factors can be involved in multi-host interactions of V. tasmaniensis ranging from protozoans to metazoans, potentially favouring their opportunistic behaviour.

Published
2019
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14. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, Peter, Zhou, Yaoqi, Angus, Kathryn, Modat, Anne, Institute of Neurology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, RELISH Consortium, Molecular Biosensing for Med. Diagnostics, Cell-Matrix Interact. Cardiov. Tissue Reg., Soft Tissue Biomech. & Tissue Eng., HASH(0x55d32284ea30), HASH(0x55d3229a6300), HASH(0x55d3228dcb08), HASH(0x55d3228d8710), HASH(0x55d3228d88f0), HASH(0x55d321cfeab0), HASH(0x55d3228d7f18), HASH(0x55d3228e1070), and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
G400, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 610 Medicine & health, Data Format, Language Technology (Computational Linguistics), Document recommendation systems, Library and Information Studies, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 570 Life sciences, biology, Medicinsk rätt, Generic health relevance, Medical Genetics, Medicinsk genetik, RELISH Consortium, Cancer
Abstract

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. Page 1 of 66 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. Griffith University Gowonda HPC Cluster; Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation Faculty yes

Published
2019
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15. Evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of schistosome parasites

Author

Thomas Quack, Beatriz Vicoso, Marion Picard, Christoph G. Grevelding, Sabrina Ferré, Yohann Couté, Céline Cosseau, Institute of Science and Technology [Austria] (IST Austria), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute for Parasitology, Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institute of Science and Technology [Klosterneuburg, Austria] (IST Austria), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Proteomics, Gene Dosage, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, genetics, Biology (General), Phylogeny, Genetics, Dosage compensation, Genome, Sex Chromosomes, biology, General Neuroscience, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Medicine, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, dosage compensation, Medicine, Schistosoma, Female, Schistosoma mansoni, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Science, Genomics, Gene dosage, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], genomics, Animals, sex chromosome evolution, Parasites, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Comparative genomics, General Immunology and Microbiology, evolutionary biology, Genetics and Genomics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, schistosome, Other, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

XY systems usually show chromosome-wide compensation of X-linked genes, while in many ZW systems, compensation is restricted to a minority of dosage-sensitive genes. Why such differences arose is still unclear. Here, we combine comparative genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to obtain a complete overview of the evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of Schistosoma parasites. We compare the Z-chromosome gene content of African (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) and Asian (S. japonicum) schistosomes and describe lineage-specific evolutionary strata. We use these to assess gene expression evolution following sex-linkage. The resulting patterns suggest a reduction in expression of Z-linked genes in females, combined with upregulation of the Z in both sexes, in line with the first step of Ohno's classic model of dosage compensation evolution. Quantitative proteomics suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms do not play a major role in balancing the expression of Z-linked genes., eLife digest The DNA inside cells is organized in structures called chromosomes, some of which can control whether individuals develop as males or females. For instance, female mammals have two X chromosomes, whereas male mammals have one X and one Y chromosome. A mechanism called ‘dosage compensation’ makes sure that females do not produce double the number of transcripts from genes on the X-chromosome as males. In other organisms, including the parasitic flatworms called Schistosomes, females have ZW sex chromosomes, whereas males have two Z chromosomes. In these parasites, males do create more transcripts from genes on the Z chromosome than females do, suggesting they do not have the same kind of compensation mechanisms as mammals. Among Schistosome parasites, the Z chromosome has only been studied in detail in the model organism Schistosoma mansoni. Investigating other closely related species can shed light on how the Z and W chromosomes evolved. Picard et al. studied the Z chromosome in two additional species of Schistosome parasites: the African S. haematobium and the Asian S. japonicum. Using a technique called DNA sequencing, Picard et al. were able to analyse their genes, focusing on a part of the Z chromosome known to have been lost from the W chromosome. The results revealed that this region was different in the African and Asian species. In addition, females of both species expressed genes on their single Z chromosome at fairly high levels. The males did not need to express these genes at a high level because they have two copies – but they did so anyway. This could be because this high expression is a by-product of the way the females have evolved to boost their Z chromosome gene expression. A next step will be to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. Schistosomiasis – a disease caused by this type of flatworm parasite – is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases, according to the US Centers of Disease Control. It kills more than 200,000 people a year. Better understanding of the reproductive biology of this parasite could eventually help to develop ways to control it by interfering with its reproduction.

Published
2018
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16. Personal history of infections and immunotherapy: Unexpected links and possible therapeutic opportunities

Author

Nathalie Bonnefoy, Guillaume M. Charrière, Benjamin Roche, Frédéric Thomas, Camille Jacqueline, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Modat, Anne, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Context (language use), Review, Infections, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Personal history, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cancer vaccine, Immunology and Allergy, infections, Intensive care medicine, adoptive cell transfer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Immunotherapy, personalized medicine, immune checkpoints, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Personalized medicine, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immune checkpoints, Adoptive cell transfer, immunotherapy, business, cancer vaccine, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract

The recent breakthroughs in the understanding of tumor immune biology have given rise to a new generation of immunotherapies, harnessing the immune system to eliminate tumors. As the typology and frequency of encountered infections are susceptible to shape the immune system, it could also impact the efficiency of immunotherapy. In this review, we report evidences for an indirect link between personal history of infection and different strategies of immunotherapy. In the current context of interest rise for personalized medicine, we discuss the potential medical applications of considering personal history of infection to design immunotherapeutic strategies.

Published
2018
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17. Microbial predator-prey interactions could favor coincidental selection of diverse virulence factors in marine coastal waters

Author

Jean Luc Rolland, Tristan P. Rubio, Carmen Lopez-Joven, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Chantal Cazevieille, Etienne Robino, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Aurore C. Poirier, Guillaume M. Charrière, Yann Héchard, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Modat, Anne

Subjects
Oyster, food.ingredient, Virulence, Zoology, Biology, Predation, Amoeba (genus), 03 medical and health sciences, food, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 14. Life underwater, Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Vannella, Intracellular parasite, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, bacteria
Abstract

Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events. Among them, V. tasmaniensis LGP32 behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster hemocytes, a property rather unusual in vibrios. Herein, we asked whether LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis could result from coincidental selection of virulence factors during interactions with heterotrophic protists, such as amoeba, in the environment. To answer that question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster-farming areas to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae of the Vannella genus that were found abundant in the oyster environment. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by amoebae and this phenotype was dependent on previously identified virulence factors: the secreted metalloprotease Vsm and the copper efflux p-ATPase CopA. Using dedicated in vitro assays, our results showed that these virulence factors act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions than they do in oysters-vibrio interactions. Hence, the virulence factors of LGP32 are key determinants of biotic interactions with multiple hosts ranging from protozoans to metazoans, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by amoebae in marine coastal environments favor coincidental selection of virulence factors.

Published
2018

18. Who is the puppet master? Replication of a parasitic wasp-associated virus correlates with host behaviour manipulation

Author

David Duval, Marc Ravallec, Sabine Nidelet, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Guillaume Mitta, Vincent Demolombe, Benjamin Gourbal, Josée Doyon, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Richard Galinier, Frédéric Thomas, Lucas Léger, Jacques Brodeur, Fanny Maure, Dorothée Missé, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT), ANR, Ecologie et évolution des interactions (2EI), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modat, Anne, and Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)

Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data, Wasps, virus, Oviducts, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Host-Parasite Interactions, Immune system, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, RNA Viruses, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, holobiont, Genetics, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Transmission (medicine), Host (biology), host–parasite interaction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, RNA virus, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, host-parasite interaction, 3. Good health, behaviour, symbiont, Coleoptera, Dinocampus coccinellae, microbiology parasitoid wasp, Larva, Female, ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, parasitoid wasp, behavioural manipulation
Abstract

Many parasites modify their host behaviour to improve their own transmission and survival, but the proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. An original model consists of the parasitoidDinocampus coccinellaeand its coccinellid host,Coleomegilla maculata; during the behaviour manipulation, the parasitoid is not in contact with its host anymore. We report herein the discovery and characterization of a new RNA virus of the parasitoid (D. coccinellaeparalysis virus, DcPV). Using a combination of RT-qPCR and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that DcPV is stored in the oviduct of parasitoid females, replicates in parasitoid larvae and is transmitted to the host during larval development. Next, DcPV replication in the host's nervous tissue induces a severe neuropathy and antiviral immune response that correlate with the paralytic symptoms characterizing the behaviour manipulation. Remarkably, virus clearance correlates with recovery of normal coccinellid behaviour. These results provide evidence that changes in ladybeetle behaviour most likely result from DcPV replication in the cerebral ganglia rather than by manipulation by the parasitoid. This offers stimulating prospects for research on parasitic manipulation by suggesting for the first time that behaviour manipulation could be symbiont-mediated.

Published
2015
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19. MACROPARASITE COMMUNITY AND ASYMMETRY OF THE YELLOW EEL ANGUILLA ANGUILLA IN SALSES-LEUCATE LAGOON, SOUTHERN FRANCE

Author

Hélène Moné, Géraldine Fazio, Pierre Sasal, J. Bartrina, Raymonde Lecomte-Finiger, Modat, Anne, Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive [2003-2006] (PFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de biologie marine et malacologie, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, animal structures, Population, Parasitism, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fluctuating asymmetry, Digenea, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Parasites, 14. Life underwater, distance matrices, education, lcsh:SH1-691, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fluctuating asymmetry, biology.organism_classification, eels, Mantel test, Macroparasite, Animal Science and Zoology, Salses-Leucate lagoon, Acanthocephala, Monogenea
Abstract

European eel parasites, in particular invasive species, are suspected to have a strong influence on the population dynamics of their host. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between parasitic fauna of yellow eels caught at Salses-Leucate lagoon and the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of some functional bilateral traits: pectoral fins, eyes and otoliths. Epidemiological distance matrices and FA distance matrices were calculated on the basis of the Euclidian distances between each pair of eel and were then compared with a Mantel test in order to establish if there was a relationship between parasitism and FA. Our results revealed different morphological characteristics between eels caught at different dates; only otoliths were found asymmetric. The parasite richness was of 10 species, 1 Nematoda, 1 Acanthocephala, 1 Monogenea and 7 Digenea. We failed to find a significant relationship between asymmetry and parasitism, except for parasites found in the stomach. We discussed the results in the light of the eel life cycle, the specificity of parasite - eel systems and the impact of parasites on the host physiology.

Published
2005

20. Evolution adaptative : et si Lamarck avait raison ?

Author

Roquis, David, Cosseau, Céline, Grunau, Christoph, Modat, Anne, Ecologie et évolution des interactions [2011-2014] (2EI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia

Subjects
Evolution, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Hérédité, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Adaptation, Epigénétique, Génétique
Abstract

Tout le monde a entendu parler de la théorie de l'évolution, mais en quoi consiste-t-elle vraiment ? De nos jours, elle est décrite comme un phénomène lent, durant lequel les individus disposant des meilleures caractéristiques (apparues aléatoirement par des mutations) sont favorisés, survivent, se reproduisent et transmettent ces caractéristiques à leur descendance. Indissociable de Charles Darwin et de son concept de sélection naturelle, cette théorie tire ses sources dans "L'origine des espèces" publié en 1859. Cependant, 50 ans avant lui, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck présentait la première théorie véritablement scientifique de l'évolution : le transformisme. Il défend l'hypothèse que les individus adaptent leurs caractéristiques à leur environnement, et ces adaptatations sont transmises à la descendance. C'est l'image de l'animal, qui petit à petit, de générations en générations, étire son cou pour manger les feuilles de l'arbre et devient au final une girafe. Cette vision de l'évolution est globalement réfutée et le nom de Lamarck est souvent synonyme de moqueries. Pourtant, ce ridicule est il vraiment mérité ? De nombreuses études récentes décrivent des phénomènes s'apparentant au transformisme. Erreurs expérimentales ou nouvelles percées scientifiques ? Au travers d'une approche de l'histoire des sciences et de travaux expérimentaux novateurs, nous verrons comment la théorie de l'évolution, à l'image des réalités biologiques qu'elle tente de décrire, évolue, elle aussi

Published
2014

21. Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult corals around Moorea (French Polynesia) : implications for population regulation

Author

Penin, Lucie, Adjeroud, Mehdi, Pratchett, Morgan S., Hughes, Terence P., Modat, Anne, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Marine Biology & Aquaculture Center of Coral Reef Biodiversity, and University of Queensland [Brisbane]

Subjects
REEF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, BARRIER-REEF, DYNAMICS, LIFE-HISTORIES, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY, RECRUITMENT PATTERNS, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], ABUNDANCE, VIRGIN-ISLANDS, POSTSETTLEMENT MORTALITY, SCLERACTINIAN CORALS
Abstract

Spatial patterns of juvenile and adult scleractinian corals were analyzed and compared at Moorea, French Polynesia, in order to better understand the processes that influence coral population dynamics and maintenance. Variation in the abundance and composition of juvenile (< 5 cm in diameter) vs adult corals were examined at three depths (6, 12, 18 FIT) at each of three locations (Vaipahu, Tiahura, Haapiti) on the outer reef slope. A marked spatial heterogeneity for both juvenile and adult assemblages was found with significant variation across depths and locations. Trends in spatial variation were highly similar between juvenile and adult assemblages, and the overall abundance (all genera pooled) of juvenile corals was positively and highly correlated with the abundance of adults. However, within the six dominant genera, which are all broadcast spawners, we found positive and significant correlations between adult and juvenile abundance for only Acropora, Fungia, Montipora, and Pavona, and not for Pocillopora and Porites. These findings suggest that underlying mechanisms for the establishment of the adult patterns may vary among coral taxa, even among broadcast spawners.

Published
2007

22. Specificity and specialization of congeneric monogeneans parasitizing cyprinid fish

Author

Olivier Verneau, Andrea Vetešníková Šimková, Milan Gelnar, Serge Morand, Institute of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive (PFE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Modat, Anne, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive [2003-2006] (PFE), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cyprinidae, Zoology, Context (language use), Dactylogyrus, Molecular phylogeny, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, MESH: Host-Parasite Relations, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Host-Parasite Interactions, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, MESH: Evolution, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetics, Animals, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Animals, 14. Life underwater, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Morphological adaptation, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Cyprinidae, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Host (biology), [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, MESH: Platyhelminths, Platyhelminths, Host specificity, Molecular phylogenetics, Adaptation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Monogenea
Abstract

Patterns and likely processes connected with evolution of host specificity in congeneric monogeneans parasitizing fish species of the Cyprinidae were investigated. A total of 51 Dactylogyrus species was included. We investigated (1) the link between host specificity and parasite phylogeny; (2) the morphometric correlates of host specificity, parasite body size, and variables of attachment organs important for host specificity; (3) the evolution of morphological adaptation, that is, attachment organ; (4) the determinants of host specificity following the hypothesis of specialization on more predictable resources considering maximal body size, maximal longevity, and abundance as measures of host predictability; and (5) the potential link between host specificity and parasite diversification. Host specificity, expressed as an index of host specificity including phylogenetic and taxonomic relatedness of hosts, was partially associated with parasite phylogeny, but no significant contribution of host phylogeny was found. The mapping of host specificity into the phylogenetic tree suggests that being specialist is not a derived condition for Dactylogyrus species. The different morphometric traits of the attachment apparatus seem to be selected in connection with specialization of specialist parasites and other traits favored as adaptations in generalist parasites. Parasites widespread on several host species reach higher abundance within hosts, which supports the hypothesis of ecological specialization. When separating specialists and generalists, we confirmed the hypothesis of specialization on a predictable resource; that is, specialists with larger anchors tend to live on fish species with larger body size and greater longevity, which could be also interpreted as a mechanism for optimizing morphological adaptation. We demonstrated that ecology of host species could also be recognized as an important determinant of host specificity. The mapping of morphological characters of the attachment organ onto the parasite phylogenetic tree reveals that morphological evolution of the attachment organ is connected with host specificity in the context of fish relatedness, especially at the level of host subfamilies. Finally, we did not find that host specificity leads to parasite diversification in congeneric monogeneans.

Published
2006

23. Guide to the freshwater molluscs of Cuba

Author

Pointier, Jean-Pierre, Gutierrez, Alfredo, Yong, Mary, and Modat, Anne

Subjects
[SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
Published
2005

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