67,274 results
Search Results
202. Political uncertainty and the US market risk premium
- Author
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Gregory, Richard P.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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203. Socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on Ghana's economy: challenges and prospects
- Author
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Aduhene, David Tanoh and Osei-Assibey, Eric
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. THE MECHANICS OF INTERVENTION AND THE GREEN PAPER ON LAND REFORM.
- Author
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Pienaar, J. M.
- Subjects
- *
LAND reform , *LAND tenure , *LAND management , *RURAL development , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses the mechanics of interventions announced and implemented by South Africa's President Jacob Zuma, focusing on the "Green Paper on land Reform 2011." Topics include the legal aspects linked to land tenure in general and sub-programmes, the restructuring of South African Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, and land tenure security legislation and policy. It suggests that the mechanics of intervention still need further engineering.
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
205. Policy papers published recently.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,VIOLENCE against women ,SOCIAL justice ,SCHOOL buildings ,EDUCATIONAL evaluation - Abstract
The article offers information on some policy papers published in United Kingdom. Some of them includes "Tackling Violence Against Women and Girls in the UK," "Government Proposals for Children's Social Care Reform," "The Condition of School Buildings," "The Condition of School Buildings," "It's Our Future: Report of the Independent Review of Qualifications and Assessment" and "Environmental Sustainability Overview."
- Published
- 2023
206. Factors that Influence How Scientific Articles and Reviews are Mentioned on Twitter.
- Author
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Dorta-González, Pablo
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,ALTMETRICS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,RESEARCH ,SCIENTOMETRICS - Abstract
Governments are increasingly pushing researchers to engage in activities with societal impact, emphasizing the need for research dissemination and engagement with the broader public. This study addresses this imperative by investigating the multifaceted factors that influence social media attention, particularly on Twitter, for scientific research. Using Altmetric data and employing multiple linear regression analysis, this paper explores the determinants of Twitter mentions for research outputs. The study shows that certain factors have a significant impact on the level of engagement. In particular, the presence of research in mainstream news emerges as the most influential factor, highlighting the power of media coverage in increasing research visibility. In addition, research topics that align with highly topical issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, also garner significant attention on Twitter. Conversely, the influence of expert recommendations and the consolidation of knowledge in the form of review articles have a relatively weaker impact on Twitter mentions. In addition, this study underscores that public policy references in reports and citations within Wikipedia have limited influence in driving social media attention. Interestingly, mentions in patent applications do not have a significant impact in this context. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of research dissemination in the digital age and sheds light on the nuanced factors that can enhance or diminish its societal impact on Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Some Reflections on the Contextual Preparedness for the Policy Innovation Labs Initiative in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
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Zvoushe, Hardlife
- Subjects
PUBLIC sector ,GOVERNMENT policy ,BUREAUCRACY ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
In light of the multiple challenges and weaknesses in the policymaking practice that have resulted in policy failures, public sector inefficiencies, and persisting ineffectiveness of public service delivery, many countries in different regions of the world have established what is known as 'policy innovation labs' (PILs), which are novel structures that gather empirical evidence to generate innovative solutions to public problems. The utilization of PILs in policymaking architecture has resulted in the enhancement of public policymaking practice and improved policy performance. Notwithstanding the increasing amount of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of PILs in policymaking, this paper observes a very slow uptake of the idea in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper relies on a qualitative desktop review to analyze the preparedness of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to successfully establish functional and sustainable PILs. The results of the review show that the current African innovation landscape is not quite ready for the establishment of PILs. This is mostly because of the potential complications arising from the inflexibility of the traditional Weberian bureaucratic model in African countries, which limits receptivity to PIL structures and their modus operandi. In addition, there are observable capacity challenges emanating from the limited financial resources to undertake R&D. The paper concludes that the take-off of PILs remains contingent upon the strength of political will in supporting the whole idea financially, materially, and otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. A systematic literature review and mapping of systemic barriers to digital learning innovation in Africa in the context of changing global value chains.
- Author
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Mbaya*, Martin and Ouma-Mugabe, John
- Subjects
GLOBAL value chains ,DIGITAL learning ,DIGITAL technology ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
In the context of COVID-19, universities, national innovation systems (NIS) and global value chains (GVCs), this paper explores systemic barriers (trends and factors) that influence digital learning innovation (DLI) in Africa. The study used the PRISMA framework and Scopus data for a systematic literature review (SLR) and a bibliometric analysis spanning 2000–2021. It also mapped universities globally and in Africa based on Webometrics (Jan 2022) and the Global Innovation Index (Feb 2022) data using a typology. A broad SLR on digital learning extracted two African samples of 2,640 and 4,669. A narrow SLR on DLI, Innovation Systems (IS) and Innovation Barriers (IB) extracted 221 studies. The broad SLR showed that Africa (with the exception of South Africa continentally and Kenya regionally) lags globally in digital learning literature. It also identified country, affiliation (university) and funding sponsor as three possible factors that influence DLI. The narrow SLR revealed a gap in the literature on DLI – IS – IB and a low emphasis on GVCs. From the literature, this paper proposes a conceptual model spanning DLI – IS – IB and a typology of systemic barriers to inform future research. It also provides unique empirical data to inform DLI and GVC focused public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Review: A New Deal for Transport--Analysis of the Transport White Paper (Cm 3950).
- Author
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Hibbs, John
- Subjects
PAPER ,AUTOMOBILES ,TRANSPORTATION ,GOVERNMENT policy ,COMMERCIAL vehicles ,PUBLIC transit ,RAILROADS - Abstract
The article presents comments of the author on the transport White Paper. The British Deputy Prime Minister's proposals, as revealed in the July 1998 White Paper, fall far short of the rhetoric one recalls from the 1997 general election campaign, or even of the promises that followed it. The railways are not to be renationalized; the buses are not to be re-regulated and area-wide local authority franchising is not even mentioned. All the same, the politicians' urge to meddle runs throughout the document and the liberty of entrepreneurs to seek out and satisfy demand is still to be overseen by those whom scholar Deepak Lal calls the Platonic guardians. The search for a definitive meaning of the word integration is abandoned in favor of a list of four possible interpretations. There is to be a new Commission for Integrated Transport and there are to be local transport plans will be the key to the delivery of integrated transport locally. So the Commission and the local authorities will have to work out the meaning of the word for themselves. The White Paper is being followed by a collection of daughter papers which might, just possibly, throw more light on the question. A policy based upon an indeterminate concept such as this can hardly be expected to make things better for everyone.
- Published
- 1999
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210. Call for Papers: Special Issue on "Inequality in the Housing Market".
- Subjects
HOUSING market ,WEALTH inequality ,HOME prices ,HOME ownership ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
De Economist is calling for papers for a special issue on "Inequality in the Housing Market." The editors are seeking empirical and theoretical submissions on housing and inequality. The special issue aims to address the interactions between cyclical market developments, government policies, and housing outcomes at the macro and micro level. Topics of interest include the implications of housing for wealth inequality, neighborhood effects and inequality, social rent assistance, homeownership, financial risks in the housing market, housing markets and the growth of cities, telework, pricing in the housing market, intergenerational mechanisms of housing, and housing affordability and energy. The deadline for submission is March 31, 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
211. How can we detect star scientists? : The type of star scientists and the transition in Japan.
- Author
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Nagane, Hiromi S., Yuta Fukudome, and Kanetaka Maki
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KNOWLEDGE transfer ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SCIENTISTS - Abstract
It is scientists who carry out scientific research. Particularly, scientists with outstanding research achievements are called "star scientists." Star scientists have not only an academic impact but also can have a substantial impact on society and the economy as previous works have suggested. However, there are no clear consensuses on how to detect star scientists. This paper proposes a method to detect star scientist from multiple viewpoints, including not only academic articles but also patents. We empirically show what classification of star scientist and the distribution in Japan based on our method. We also explain the transition of the distribution of star scientists in Japan for 30 years before and behind “Science and technology basic law” in 1995. Additionally, we focus on one of the categorized group of star scientists, all-rounder star group, who has both outstanding academic and practical achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
212. Comentarios al Documento conpes 3697 'Política para el desarrollo comercial de la biotecnología a partir del uso sostenible de la biodiversidad': promoviendo la innovación a través del fortalecimiento de las capacidades de investigación o creando barreras adicionales
- Author
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GUILLERMO RODRIGO, CORREDOR C.
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *BIODIVERSITY , *SUSTAINABLE development , *INTELLECTUAL property - Abstract
Colombian industrial sector is widely recognized as a good example of a diversified economy. At present, Colombian government is seeking to deepen this outstanding feature by favouring activities in new sectors intensive in knowledge and capital. Biotechnology offers an opportunity to integrate its great biological diversity into research and development (R&D) activities. A public policy paper published last year depicts a set of activities considered essential to achieve the consolidation of biotechnological sector in Colombia. On the other hand, past and current activities deployed in the context of so called Bio Trade initiatives have demonstrated to offer little space to R&D activities by public sector research institutions. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of up-stream research undertaken by public sector research institutions as well as the relevance of Intellectual property management as enabling tools for the consolidation of biotechnological sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
213. Immigrants and the paper market: borrowing, renting and buying identities.
- Author
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Vasta, Ellie
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *FORGED identification cards , *POWER (Social sciences) , *GOVERNMENT policy , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *IDENTITY (Psychology) ,EUROPEAN emigration & immigration - Abstract
The focus of this paper is on how the state sets up discriminatory structures, how immigrants work out ways of managing those structures and how in this process they construct flexible and innovative identities. Two main issues are explored. The first is the relationship between state control and exclusion and immigrant resistance. The paper shows how, despite increased surveillance and digital nets mounted by European states to keep immigrants out of their territory, the British state is ambivalent towards irregular immigrants. At the same time, it is in the interstices of ambiguity that immigrants, by buying, renting and borrowing documents, have found ways through their networks and communities to resist or get around exclusionary and contradictory regulations. Second, the paper is concerned with the construction of innovative and flexible identities. The research reveals how immigrants occupy rebellious spaces and construct identities in difficult situations at the intersection of self and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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214. Why should broadband be free? Promises and rhetoric in the United Kingdom general election of 2019
- Author
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Sutherland, Ewan
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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215. Nuovi ruoli della valutazione delle politiche pubbliche per ricerca e innovazione: oggetti, effetti, metodi, dati.
- Author
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Bonaccors, Andrea
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy , *PUBLIC administration , *POLITICAL planning , *COUNTERFACTUALS (Logic) , *QUANTITATIVE research , *POLICY sciences - Abstract
The paper discusses the idea that the evaluation of public policies is witnessing a remarkable enlargement of its domain, in four relevant dimensions- its object, effect, methods, and data.Regarding the objects of evaluation, policy makers are increasingly interested not only in the evaluation of the content of policies (output) or the result (outcome), but also on a broader notion of impact, which includes direct and indirect effects, on the sub-system under analysis and on society at large. Regarding the effects of policies, the paper calls the attention on the rising of the notion of conditionality, requiring more flexible and sophisticated approaches for in itinere evaluation. With respect to new methods, the paper discusses new developments in counterfactual methods, robust nonparametric approaches (robust and conditional), as well as methods to deal with non commensurable indicators. Finally, the implications for evaluation of policies of the availability of microdata from public sources are examined. In all these devekopments new challenges are identified, calling for advanced methodological and quantitative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
216. White Paper on CTSA Consortium Role in Facilitating Comparative Effectiveness Research.
- Author
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Selker, Harry P., Strom, Brian L., Ford, Daniel E., Meltzer, David O., Pauker, Stephen G., Pincus, Harold A., Rich, Eugene C., Tompkins, Chris, and Whitlock, Evelyn P.
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL research , *PUBLIC health , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
In 2006, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiated the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) as part of the NIH Roadmap Initiative, in order to improve the conduct and impact of NIH's clinical and translational research portfolio. The CTSA program is intended not only to transform the training programs and research infrastructure at individual academic institutions, but also to create a nation-wide collaborative consortium to transform the biomedical research enterprise. In January 2009, the NIH CTSA National Consortium adopted Strategic Goals to maximize the CTSAs' impact on the Nation's healthcare and health. Of these, the CTSA Strategic Goal 4 is to promote the translation of the results of clinical and translational research into practice and public policy. To advance this goal, a committee was constituted to focus on the organization and development of the CTSA Consortium's comparative effectiveness research (CER) capacity, an increasingly important component of research translation into practice and policy. This Committee's Workgroups took on a number of deliverables in service of this objective, including producing this White Paper on how the CTSA Consortium might best facilitate CER, for NIH's Institutes and Centers (ICs), other Federal agencies, outside stakeholders, and the healthcare system overall. This White Paper offers some specific suggestions for how the CTSA Consortium might support this emerging and crucial national effort to generate, synthesize, and disseminate CER in order to improve healthcare decision-making and health outcomes. Important points of reference for this White Paper are two Congressionally mandated reports on CER released at the end of June 2009, one by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and another by the Federal Coordinating Council for CER (FCC-CER). The definitions of CER by each report, and their recommendations for the CER enterprise, are highly germane to the purpose of this CTSA Consortium White Paper. The CER definition used in the IOM Report was, "The generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. The purpose of CER is to assist patients, clinicians, purchasers, policy makers, and the public to make informed decisions that will improve health care at both the individual and population levels."… [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. Park, Recreation, Fitness, and Sport Sector Recommendations for a More Physically Active America: A White Paper for the United States National Physical Activity Plan.
- Author
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Mowen, Andrew J. and Baker, Birgitta L.
- Subjects
PHYSICAL activity ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH promotion ,OBESITY ,PARK policy ,RECREATION ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Background: The United States' first National Physical Activity Plan is now under development. This plan follows the release of new physical activity guidelines and seeks to address the nation's ongoing physical inactivity and obesity crisis. For this plan to be successful, all facets of American culture need to unify behind its recommendations and action steps. Guidance for this plan involves active participation from a variety of sectors, including the park, recreation, fitness, and sport (PRFS) sector. Purpose: In this white paper, we discuss the potential of the PRFS sector in addressing America's physical inactivity. Specifically, we provide a brief description, history, and scope of the PRFS sector; present evidence concerning linkages between this sector and physical activity; and discuss existing challenges and emerging opportunities for promoting physical activity. We conclude by suggesting PRFS recommendations to promote physical activity based on anticipated effectiveness, reach, scope, and sustainability. Methods: Academic articles, professional reports, and physical activity plans were reviewed to summarize the evidence concerning PRFS sector strategies for increasing physical activity. Recommendations: Based on our review, we propose several sector-specific proximity, place, program, partnership, promotion, people, policy, and performance indicator recommendations for improving physical activity in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. Impact of rurality on health practices and services: Summary paper to the inaugural rural and remote health scientific symposium.
- Author
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Gregory, Gordon
- Subjects
- *
RURAL health , *PUBLIC health research , *RURALITY , *HEALTH promotion , *PREVENTIVE health services , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This summary paper for the symposium provides a brief overview of the papers by Craig Veitch, John Beard and Max Kamien that deal with the environmental, socioeconomic and political descriptors of ‘rurality’. Those three papers deal with a number of fundamental truths about rural and remote health, including the fact that internal migration is an important and poorly understood factor in determining community and health outcomes. A brief treatment of the issue suggests that selective internal migration is likely to mean that the burden of illness in rural and remote areas is even higher than that suggested by the published figures. The paper then asserts that thinking in the rural and remote health sector in Australia focuses largely on the negative aspects of the current characteristics of rural areas. A self-evident definition of ‘rurality’ is offered that has it defined by the set of factors that currently characterise places, communities and individuals outside the major cities. The paper suggests that each of these characteristics has an upside or benefit, as well as a downside or risk, and that giving greater attention to the former will provide a better basis for informing rural health policy and practice than the deficit view alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Weekly Policy Papers.
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CHILD services ,CORONAVIRUS diseases ,BRITISH education system - Published
- 2020
220. Gender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the UK Government's White Paper on Trident.
- Author
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Duncanson, Claire and Eschle, Catherine
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR weapons , *GENDER role in communication , *FEMINIST criticism , *MILITARY policy , *TRIDENT (Weapons systems) , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This article enquires into the connections between gender and discourses of the nuclear weapons state. Specifically, we develop an analysis of the ways in which gender operates in the White Paper published by the UK government in 2006 on its plans to renew Trident nuclear weapons (given the go-ahead by the Westminster Parliament in March 2007). We argue that the White Paper mobilizes masculine-coded language and symbols in several ways: firstly, in its mobilization of techno-strategic rationality and axioms; secondly, in its assumptions about security; and, thirdly, in its assumptions about the state as actor. Taken together, these function to construct a masculinized identity for the British nuclear state as a “responsible steward.” However, this identity is one that is not yet securely fixed and that, indeed, contains serious internal tensions that opponents of Trident (and of the nuclear state more generally) should be able to exploit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Call for Papers.
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL quality control , *EVALUATION of medical care , *QUALITY assurance , *GOVERNMENT policy - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on Vietnamese community
- Author
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Gan, Christopher, Anh, Dao Le Trang, and Nguyen, Quang Thi Thieu
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Less Paper, More Work.
- Author
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PRIDAY, BENJAMIN
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,TAX benefits ,EARNED income tax credit ,LABOR supply ,UNEMPLOYMENT insurance ,ECONOMIC policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,JOB vacancies - Published
- 2022
224. The impact of government subsidies on corporate resilience: evidence from the COVID-19 shock.
- Author
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Feng, Ting and Xue, Zhongyi
- Subjects
SUBSIDIES ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,GOVERNMENT policy ,PANEL analysis ,ADMINISTRATIVE efficiency - Abstract
In the face of complex and changeable uncertain environments, corporate resilience is the crucial foundation for survival and sustainable development, and enhancing corporate resilience becomes an important goal for governments. In this context, this paper investigates the impact of government subsidies, as a typical government tool, on corporate resilience in crises. Based on the panel data of 2315 listed companies in China Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share market during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper finds that: (1) government subsidies received before and during the crises can both enhance corporate resilience in crises. (2) Government subsidies enhance corporate resilience by alleviating financial constraints and boosting confidence. (3) The crises improve the efficiency of subsidies used by corporates, resulting in the enhancement of subsidies received during the crises being more pronounced than those received before the crises. This paper deepens the understanding of government subsidies' roles in crises, enriches the literature on government subsidies and corporate resilience, and provides a reference for improving government subsidies policy and enhancing corporate resilience. The government should increase government subsidies to mitigate the negative impact of uncertainty shocks on corporates and improve corporates' ability to respond to risks, and pay attention to the timing of subsidies to maximize the efficiency of government subsidies at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. Commentary: Public Parks after the Urban White Paper.
- Author
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Jenkins, Jennifer
- Subjects
- *
PARK policy , *PUBLIC spaces , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Comments on the political importance of public parts in light of the British government's White Paper program. Problems in achieving ideals for parks and open spaces; Impact of the neglect of public open spaces; Sources of funding for the development of public open spaces according to the White Paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Guest editorial: Cutting-edge technologies for the development of Asian countries.
- Author
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Harfouche, Antoine, Saba, Peter, Aoun, Georges, and Wamba, Samuel Fosso
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SMART cities ,MANAGEMENT information systems ,SOCIOTECHNICAL systems ,INFORMATION resources management ,INDUSTRIAL management ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
16 Wahl, B., Germann, C.-G.A., S., et al. (2018), "Artificial intelligence (AI) and global health: how can AI contribute to health in resource-poor settings?" Artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT)/Internet of Everything, blockchain and Big Data are expected to disrupt public and private sectors in Asian countries. It has three possibilities: cutting-edge technology will certainly make changes (technological determinism), People/organizations and cutting-edge technology can make changes (sociotechnical perspective), or only people/organizations can make changes (organizational or social determinism). The paper F " I Smart technologies challenges and issues in social inclusion: case of disabled youth in a developing country i " examines how smart technologies promote the social inclusion of disabled people in Lebanon. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. rise of UK–China research collaboration: Trends, opportunities and challenges.
- Author
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Adams, Jonathan, Johnson, Jo, and Grant, Jonathan
- Subjects
CHINA-Great Britain relations ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TELECOMMUNICATION ,DATA science - Abstract
China has become an impactful science superpower, but it is asserted that its influence provides it with disproportionate benefits that some national research policies have not thus far appreciated. To create context, Web of Science data are used to analyse research collaborations between the UK and China: trends in volume of output between 1981 and 2019; citation impact; and comparative performance across research fields. UK–China collaboration increased from fewer than 100 co-authored papers before 1990, to 750 per year in 2000, 3,324 in 2010, and 16,267 papers (10.9 per cent of UK output) in 2019. UK–China collaboration is concentrated in technology-based fields: in some (e.g. telecommunication), over 30 per cent of UK papers are in collaboration with Chinese-based researchers. The paper discusses the policy consequences to the UK of this indicative dependency, arguing that exiting from such collaborations is ill advised, provided the risks, perceived or real, are mapped, managed, and mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. A global fund for social protection: Lessons from the diverse experiences of global health, agriculture and climate funds.
- Author
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Yeates, Nicola, Holden, Chris, Lambin, Roosa, Snell, Carolyn, Idris, Nabila, and Mackinder, Sophie
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL industries ,INVESTMENTS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ENVIRONMENTAL standards ,FINANCIAL crises - Abstract
The recent social, ecological and economic crises have not only revealed the gaps in social protection systems across the world, but also drawn global attention to the ways in which international financial architectures have failed to support the development of universal social protection systems and floors. Within this context, this paper examines the idea of a global fund for social protection (GFSP) which has emerged as a potential solution to these structural failings. By drawing on the experiences of seven global funds across the health, climate, and agriculture sectors, the aim of this working paper is to identify key lessons that can guide the possible implementation of a prospective GFSP. Through a careful analysis of the governance structures, norms and standards of these funds, the paper makes certain recommendations to be taken into consideration if a GFSP is to be developed and implemented in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. Research paper. How do policy advisors and practitioners prioritise the protection of children from secondhand smoke exposure in a country with advanced tobacco control policy?
- Author
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Ritchie, Deborah Doreen, Amos, Amanda, Shaw, April, O’Donnell, Rachel, Semple, Sean, Turner, Steve, and Martin, Claudia
- Subjects
- *
PASSIVE smoking , *ECONOMICS , *FOCUS groups , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL personnel , *PEDIATRICS , *POLICY sciences , *PUBLIC administration , *PUBLIC health , *RESEARCH funding , *QUALITATIVE research , *GOVERNMENT policy , *JUDGMENT sampling , *THEMATIC analysis , *DRUG control , *PREVENTION - Abstract
The article focuses on a study in Scotland, United Kingdom of prioritizing protection of children from secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in a private space where smoke-free public places are enforced. It discusses the difficulty of political acceptability in enforcing the issue and the intervention over parental autonomy to smoke in their own home. The article also reports on the findings based on the study used called Reducing Families' Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (REFRESH) project.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Research paper. The impact of smoke-free legislation on reducing exposure to secondhand smoke: differences across gender and socioeconomic groups.
- Author
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Yi-Wen Tsai, Li-Chuan Chang, Hai-Yen Sung, Teh-wei Hu, and Shu-Ti Chiou
- Subjects
- *
PASSIVE smoking , *SMOKING laws , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SEX distribution , *WORK environment , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *GOVERNMENT policy , *HOME environment , *SECONDARY analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Background On 11 January 2009, Taiwan expanded its smoke-free legislation to all indoor public places and workplaces. This study examined the impact of this policy on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in adult non-smokers, across gender and socioeconomic status groups (SES). Methods An annual sample of about 13 000-14 000 non-smokers was drawn from cross-sectional nationwide data of Taiwan Adult Tobacco Behavior Surveys during 2005-2011. Logistic regressions were used to analyse the aggregate data to estimate the association between the 2009 smoke-free legislation and SHS exposures in homes and workplaces. Interaction terms were used to examine the impact of the 2009 smoke-free policy on reducing differences in SHS exposure across gender, education and income groups. Results The 2009 policy reduced the odds of SHS exposure in homes in 2009 (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.84) and in workplaces (year 2009: OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.62; year 2010: OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95). The model with interaction terms showed that men were more likely than women to be exposed to workplace SHS (OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.27) but were less likely to be exposed to home SHS (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.86). SHS exposure in homes was significantly related to lower socioeconomic status, but the 2009 smoke-free policy reduced the difference in SHS exposure across education levels. Conclusions The 2009 smoke-free policy reduced the SHS exposure for non-smokers. However, this impact on home SHS did not persist after 2009, and the effect of protection was unequal across gender and SES groups. Thus, further enforcement of smoking restrictions would be needed to reduce the risk of SHS exposure and improve protection against SHS risk among parts of the population with lower socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Research paper. State-level tobacco environments and sexual orientation disparities in tobacco use and dependence in the USA.
- Author
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Hatzenbuehler, Mark L., Keyes, Katherine M., Hamilton, Ava, and Hasin, Deborah S.
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING & psychology , *SMOKING , *CHI-squared test , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DRUG addiction , *ECOLOGY , *FACTOR analysis , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *HUMAN sexuality , *TOBACCO , *GOVERNMENT policy , *LGBTQ+ people , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe relationships between tobacco-related environments and disparities in smoking by sexual orientation. METHODS: We examined three aspects of state-level tobacco environments, which were derived from the ImpacTeen State Level Tobacco Control Policy and Prevalence Database: (1) tobacco price and tax data and tobacco control funding; (2) tobacco control policies and (3) tobacco prevalence and norms data. This information was linked to individual-level data on sexual orientation, tobacco use and nicotine dependence in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=34 653; 577 LGB respondents), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of adults in the USA. RESULTS: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults in states with more restrictive tobacco environments were less likely to have ever smoked (AOR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.00) and to currently smoke (AOR=0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.99) than LGB adults in more permissive tobacco environments. Further, sexual orientation disparities in past and current smoking, as well as in current nicotine dependence, were lower in states with the most restrictive tobacco environments. Results were robust to adjustment for confounders at the individual and state levels. CONCLUSIONS: Restrictive state-level tobacco environments are correlates of smoking behaviours among LGB adults in the USA; such environments could potentially reduce social inequalities in smoking based on sexual orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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232. Flexible education in Australia : A reflection from the perspective of the UN’s sustainable development goals
- Author
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Hardwick-Franco, Kathryn Gay
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- 2018
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233. Governance structure and public health provision
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Sheard, David John, Clydesdale, Gregory, and Maclean, Gillis
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- 2019
- Full Text
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234. Agricultural sector value chain and government policy in Nigeria: issues, challenges and prospects
- Author
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Olomu, Michael Oluwaseun, Ekperiware, Moses Clinton, and Akinlo, Taiwo
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- 2020
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235. The strange case of US v. ZTE: a prosecution, a ban, a fine and a presidential intervention
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Sutherland, Ewan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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236. NILS Working paper no 179. Immigration policy and entrepreneurship
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Mahuteau, Stephane, Piracha, Matloob, Tani, Massimiliano, and Vaira Lucero, Matias
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Employment ,Government policy ,Entrepreneurship ,Immigration and emigration - Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of a change in Australias immigration policy, introduced in the mid-1990s, on migrants probability of becoming entrepreneurs. The policy change consists of stricter entry requirements and restrictions to welfare entitlements. The results indicate that those who entered under more stringent conditions, the second cohort, have a higher probability to become self-employed, than those in the first cohort. We also find significant time and region effects. Contrary to some existing evidence, time spent in Australia positively affects the probability to become self-employed. We discuss intuitions for the results in the paper.
- Published
- 2011
237. Books from an environmental perspective-Part 2: e-books as an alternative to paper books.
- Author
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Moberg, Åsa, Borggren, Clara, and Finnveden, Göran
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INFORMATION technology ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ELECTRONIC book readers ,POISONS ,ELECTRONIC books ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Purpose: Information and communication technology (ICT) has been proposed as a means to facilitate environmental sustainability. Dematerialisation is one potential way of doing this. For books, this could be realized through using e-book readers, which share many of the qualities of printed media and have notably low-energy requirements during use. The main aim of this study was to analyse the environmental impacts of an e-book read on an e-book reader, and to identify key issues determining the magnitude of the impact. A second aim was to compare the e-book product system with a paper book product system using a life cycle perspective. Materials and methods: A screening LCA was performed on an e-book produced and read in Sweden. The e-book reader was assumed to be produced in China. The data used were general data from Ecoinvent 2.0 and site-specific data from companies participating in the study, whenever average data were not available. Results and discussion: The results showed that production of the e-book reader was the life cycle step contributing most to the environmental impact of the system studied, although data on the e-ink screen were lacking. The disposal phase leads to avoided impact as materials are recycled; however, these results are less certain due to limited data availability. When the e-book was compared with a paper book, the results indicated that the number of books read on the e-book reader during its lifetime was crucial when evaluating its environmental performance compared with paper books. The results indicate that there are impact categories and circumstances where paper books are preferable to e-books from an environmental perspective and vice versa. Conclusions: There is no single answer as to which book is better from an environmental perspective according to the results of the current study. To improve the e-book environmental performance, an e-book reader should be used frequently, the life time of the device should be prolonged, as far as possible, and when not in use anymore, the device should be disposed of in a proper way, making material recycling possible. In addition, the production of the e-reader should be energy efficient and striving towards minimisation of toxic and rare substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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238. Review of 'Selected Papers of William L. White' Website.
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Cicchetti, Andrew and Johnson, DavidH.
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- *
AUTHORS , *CONVALESCENCE , *INTERNET , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *INFORMATION resources , *SUBSTANCE abuse treatment , *GOVERNMENT policy , *TREATMENT programs - Abstract
The article reviews the web site Selected Papers of William L. White, located at www.williamwhitepapers.com, from William L. White, senior research consultant, Chestnut Health Systems/Lighthouse Institute.
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- 2011
- Full Text
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239. Rhetorical pedagogy: Teaching students to write a stylistics paper.
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Burke, Michael
- Subjects
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PROCEDURE manuals , *LINGUOSTYLISTICS , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RHETORICAL theory , *RHETORICAL criticism , *STANDARD operating procedure - Abstract
How can we help our students to think clearly and plan wisely so that they can write better stylistics papers? This article evaluates a set of rhetorical pedagogical guidelines that I made for my own undergraduate stylistics students in an attempt to address this question. The article primarily reproduces the guidelines I designed, but also a questionnaire that I drew up, and, crucially, reports the responses of the subjects in that questionnaire. It is hoped that such data might lead to better testing methods and ultimately an improved set of stylistics guidelines so that students can be empowered to perform better, with increased confidence and motivation, in the undergraduate stylistics classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Challenges of Arab Democratization in Light of the Latin Third-Wave.
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Friedheim, Daniel V.
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CONFERENCE papers , *POLITICAL science , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *GOVERNMENT policy , *ISLAM , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
A conference paper about challenges of Arab democratization is presented. It further explores basic differences between the two regions including the lingering Arab absolutist monarchies and distinctive Islamic culture. It also presents some basic similarities including widespread authoritarianism, moderate economic development and meddling democratic neighbors.
- Published
- 2011
241. Reducing user fees for primary health care in Kenya: Policy on paper or policy in practice?
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Chuma, Jane, Musimbi, Janet, Okungu, Vincent, Goodman, Catherine, and Molyneux, Catherine
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HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care financing , *USER charges , *COMMUNITY health services , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Background: Removing user fees in primary health care services is one of the most critical policy issues being considered in Africa. User fees were introduced in many African countries during the 1980s and their impacts are well documented. Concerns regarding the negative impacts of user fees have led to a recent shift in health financing debates in Africa. Kenya is one of the countries that have implemented a user fees reduction policy. Like in many other settings, the new policy was evaluated less that one year after implementation, the period when expected positive impacts are likely to be highest. This early evaluation showed that the policy was widely implemented, that levels of utilization increased and that it was popular among patients. Whether or not the positive impacts of user fees removal policies are sustained has hardly been explored. We conducted this study to document the extent to which primary health care facilities in Kenya continue to adhere to a 'new' charging policy 3 years after its implementation. Methods: Data were collected in two districts (Kwale and Makueni). Multiple methods of data collection were applied including a cross-sectional survey (n = 184 households Kwale; 141 Makueni), Focus Group Discussions (n = 12) and patient exit interviews (n = 175 Kwale; 184 Makueni). Results: Approximately one third of the survey respondents could not correctly state the recommended charges for dispensaries, while half did not know what the official charges for health centres were. Adherence to the policy was poor in both districts, but facilities in Makueni were more likely to adhere than those in Kwale. Only 4 facilities in Kwale adhered to the policy compared to 10 in Makueni. Drug shortage, declining revenue, poor policy design and implementation processes were the main reasons given for poor adherence to the policy. Conclusion: We conclude that reducing user fees in primary health care in Kenya is a policy on paper that is yet to be implemented fully. We recommend that caution be taken when deciding on how to reduce or abolish user fees and that all potential consequences are carefully considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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242. Weekly Policy Papers.
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BRITISH education system ,EDUCATIONAL finance ,CHILD services ,GOVERNMENT aid to education ,JUVENILE corrections ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses the policy papers published by Great Britain's government departments connected with education, training and children’s services. It discusses the HM Prison and Probation Service action plan for Wetherby and Keppel Young Offender Institute in response to HM Inspectorate of Prisons inspection. It mentions the 2019 Annual Report on Education Spending on schools in England.
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- 2019
243. Weekly Policy Papers.
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GOVERNMENT policy ,BRITISH education system ,DISCRETIONARY trusts ,FINANCIAL planners ,CORPORATE finance - Abstract
The article offers details of policy papers published by Government departments connected with education, training and children's services from September 9 to 13, 2019. Topics include considered that several discretionary bursaries are awarded to eligible students to help meet individual financial needs, and to help with the cost of transport, books and equipment.
- Published
- 2019
244. Current recommendations for the diagnosis of temporo-mandibular joint disorders - Review paper Part two.
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Reychler, Herve and Tovaru, Serban
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- *
GUIDELINES , *PROCEDURE manuals , *EVIDENCE , *TECHNICAL specifications , *GOVERNMENT policy , *TEMPOROMANDIBULAR disorders , *COSTEN'S syndrome , *TEMPOROMANDIBULAR joint radiography , *SURGERY - Abstract
The present paper reviews current literature on evidence-based treatment guidelines for TMJ disorders. Treatment of TMJ disorders may be non-invasive and/or surgical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
245. Writing White Papers in High-tech Industries: Perspectives from the Field.
- Author
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Willerton, Russell
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION of technical information , *TECHNICAL writing , *GOVERNMENT policy , *FORUMS , *HIGH technology industries , *COMMUNICATION - Abstract
♦ Argues that white papers are increasingly prevalent but have received little discussion in technical communication forums ♦ Reports research on their audiences, purposes, content, the people and processes creating them, and the ways in which they are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
246. PAPER PROFITEERS.
- Author
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Begeman, Jean
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,PULP mills ,GOVERNMENT policy ,NEWSPRINT ,CAPITAL intensive industries ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
The article provides information about executives of paper industry, who have been making government policies on the production of newsprint, have been called to account by a Congressional committee investigating monopoly. Wood pulp is now officially classified as a "scarce material, vital to meeting defense production goals." The National Production Authority lists wood pulp, along with iron and steel, aluminum and other vital metals, as a critical item because it is a "key raw material for paper, paperboard, rayon cellophane, explosives and thousands of end products necessary for both the defense program and important non-military uses."
- Published
- 1951
247. Foreword.
- Author
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Đulabić, Vedran
- Subjects
VALUATION of real property ,PUBLIC administration ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CIVIL society - Published
- 2022
248. Family Policy and Civil Registration in England and Wales: An Analysis of the White Paper Civil Registration: Vital Change.
- Author
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Finch, Janet
- Subjects
- *
FAMILY policy , *RECORDING & registration , *CHILDBIRTH , *MARRIAGE , *POPULATION , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article considers the implications for family policy of the proposed new changes to the registration of births, marriages and deaths, contained in the British government White Paper Civil Registration: Vital Change (2002). It ask whether, and to what extent, the changes proposed are 'facilitative; or 'persuasive'. It is argued that, whilst the changes are in part designed to facilitate more diverse patterns of partnering and parenting now evident in the population there are limitations, for example in respect of same sex partnerships. There are also clearly 'persuasive' elements. These are consistent with changes in family policy which focus more on the individuals than on the nuclear family as the focus of policy, which are tolerant of different forms of partnering, but which place supporting parenthood as the highest priority. Changes in civil registration are seen as an essential condition for implementing other types of changes in the family policy arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Addressing health inequalities in the United Kingdom: a case study*A previous draft of this paper was presented at a workshop entitled ‘Health Equity Research: Beyond the Sound of One Hand Clapping’, held at the Rockefeller Conference Center, ...
- Author
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Oliver, Adam and Nutbeam, Don
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH , *HEALTH equity , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Health inequalities research has a long history in the United Kingdom, and the development of government policies that are intended to explicitly address the existing health inequalities has been gathering pace since the Labour Party returned to power in 1997. In this paper, using the influential Acheson Report as a reference point, one of us (D.N.) describes how health inequalities policies have been developed, and the other (A.O.) assesses how, ideally, such policies ought to be developed. Although progress in the development of health inequalities policies has been made, the policies, and the evidence that has informed them, have been less than ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. The securitisation of foreign disinformation.
- Author
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Jackson, Nicole J.
- Subjects
DISINFORMATION ,CANADIAN federal government ,GOVERNMENT policy ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper analyses the Canadian government’s foreign and security policy responses to Russian disinformation in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It asks whether, how, and why the government has securitised the “crisis of Russian disinformation.” The paper first briefly reviews literature on the Copenhagen’s School’s “securitisation” theory and how it has been used to explain responses to other crises. It then adopts the framework to contextualise the Canadian federal government’s official rhetoric, and then to categorise government policies and actions. The sources consulted include government actors’ reports and stated intentions and policies from 2022 to 2024. Adopting a securitisation framework reveals that Russian disinformation has been rhetorically securitised by government actors as an existential threat to national security and democratic integrity which requires urgent action. Within a context of cascading risks, the government has taken a range of distinct yet reinforcing policies and actions, some more comprehensive than others. The paper argues that together this “pervasive rhetorical securitisation” and “ad hoc practical securitisation” comprise the Canadian government’s ongoing process of partial securitisation. This process is legitimising different methods of governance: security and warfare communications (to address threats to national defence and security), democratic resilience (to address threats to democracy), and, most controversially, blocking and sanctioning (to signal discontent to the Russian regime). The analysis further reveals that each approach has different benefits and limits. The paper concludes that the securitisation process is incomplete compared to the government's rhetoric, with no over-arching organisation or strategy. It outlines implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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