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Aim: The present study aims at teaching the right citation models in scientific publications by top authors from Iranian universities of medical sciences in 2017, considering the relationship between moral development and self-control variables and model of "citation to multi-authored papers" in these articles. Background: Multi-authorship increases the amount of self-citation and also increases the likelihood of being cited by others. Methods: This study is of the applied scientometrics and correlation (model presentation) studies type. The research population in the first part of this study includes all the authors who had an H-index of 10 or more in the scientific databases of 2017. The sample size at this stage was 110, selected by systematic random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: The results of regression analysis based on the concurrent method indicated that the regression model is significant. The coefficient of determination is 0.096 and the F ratio is 5.650, which are significant at the level of p <0.001. In this regression model, the variables of the level of moral development (β = -5.801, p <0.001) and self-control (p < 0.001, β = -0.253) have significant predictive power and can be considered as predictors of behavioral modeling in citing "multi-authored papers". Conclusion: Based on the results, teaching how to avoid blindly citing the "multi-authored papers", which is regarded as a kind of "citation deviation", can, to some extent, lead to strengthening citation indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse Iranian scientific publications in the neuroscience subfields by librarians and neuroscientists, using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) via Web of Science data over the period, 2002-2008. Methods: Data were retrieved from the SCIE. Data were collected from the 'subject area' of the database and classified by neuroscience experts into 14 subfields. To identify the citation patterns, we applied the 'impact factor' and the 'number of publication'. Data were also analysed using HISTCITE, Excel 2007 and SPSS. Results: Seven hundred and thirty-four papers have been published by Iranian between 2002 and 2008. Findings showed a growing trend of neuroscience papers in the last 3 years with most papers (264) classified in the neuropharmacology subfield. There were fewer papers in neurohistory, psychopharmacology and artificial intelligence. International contributions of authors were mostly in the neurology subfield, and 'Collaboration Coefficient' for the neuroscience subfields in Iran was 0.686 which is acceptable. Most international collaboration between Iranians and developed countries was from USA. Eighty-seven percent of the published papers were in journals with the impact factor between 0 and 4; 25% of papers were published by the researchers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: Progress of neuroscience in Iran is mostly seen in the neuropharmacology and the neurology subfields. Other subfields should also be considered as a research priority by health policymakers. As this study was carried out by the collaboration of librarians and neuroscientists, it has been proved valuable for both librarians and policymakers. This study may be encouraging for librarians from other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate a smartphone-based online electronic logbook used to assess the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students in Iran. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted after tool development at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran from January 2022 to December 2022. The online electronic logbook involved in this study was an Android-compatible application used to evaluate the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students. In the implementation phase, the online electronic logbook was piloted for 3 months in anesthesia training in comparison with a paper logbook. For this purpose, 49 second- and third-year anesthesia nursing students selected using the census method were assigned to intervention (online electronic logbook) and control (paper logbook) groups. The online electronic logbook and paper logbook were compared in terms of student satisfaction and learning outcomes. Results: A total of 39 students participated in the study. The mean satisfaction score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.027). The mean score of learning outcomes was also significantly higher for the intervention than the control group (P=0.028). Conclusion: Smartphone technology can provide a platform for improving the evaluation of the clinical skills of nursing anesthesia students, leading to increased satisfaction and improved learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune-associated pathology with an articular inflammatory basis. RA is diagnosed by severe pain, movement restriction, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sexual disorder (SD). This pathology can potentially reduce the quality of life and cause many problems. The electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched for the papers reporting the prevalence of SD in patients with RA (by August 2023). Following paper collection and data extraction, the Random Effects model was used to perform the data analysis (CMA, v.2). The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index. Following the assessment of 53 eligible studies with a sample size of 9,174 cases, the overall prevalence of SD in RA patients was 32.4% (95% CI:24.4–41.6). Also, the prevalence of SD in RA females and males was 36.5% (95% CI: 26.4–48) and 23.5% (95% CI:12.6–39.4), respectively. Based on the findings, the prevalence of SD among RA individuals was found relatively high; thus, the application of measures seems necessary to prevent sexual disorders in RA cases. These strategies are useful for health policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of kidney stones reduces the patients' quality of life and imposes high costs on patients and health care system. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a safe procedure to treat urinary stones. Appropriate strategies such as self-care programs can effectively reduce the prevalence and recurrence of this disease, and increase quality of life, save costs, and prevent diseases by increasing patient participation. The aim of this study is to design and implement a web-based self-care application for patients with kidney stones undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Methods: This paper is an applied study and was performed in Sabalan Hospital in Ardabil affiliated to the Social Security Organization of Iran in three stages including needs assessment, design and evaluation. For needs assessment and application design, a questionnaire was designed by searching library resources. The questionnaire was completed by clinical specialists and specialists in health information management and information technology. Then, based on the approved information elements and capabilities, a web-based self-care application was designed. The usability of the designed program was evaluated with the participation of 20 users. Results: The results of the survey showed that the experts confirmed all the identified items and components, and considered them necessary. Users rated the usability of the self-care program at a good level with an average score of 7.9 out of 9. Conclusion: The usability ofthe self-care application was satisfactory to users in various areas of overall application performance, screen, terminology and information, learning and general impressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain in pregnant women. Background: An increased lumbar lordosis during pregnancy is considered one of the most common causes of lumbar pain. Methods: This quasi‐experimental study was performed on 66 pregnant women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, from November 2020 to June 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training of posture correction movements and stretching exercises during pregnancy from 16 to 18 to 35–37 weeks of pregnancy in six sessions for 45–60 min. The data were collected using a flexible ruler and a visual analog scale. Independent t‐tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests were used. Results: The mean (standard deviation: SD) of lumbar lordosis increased from 45.12 (2.07) to 54.97 (2.20) in the intervention group at 35–37 weeks and changed from 44.28 (2.03) to 55.54 (3.39) in the control group at 35–37 weeks (adjusted mean difference: −1.24, 95% confidence interval: −2.48 to −0.005, P = 0.04). The mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 28–30 weeks was 2.80 (1.72) in the intervention group and 3.74 (2.23) in the control group (P = 0.09). However, the mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 35–37 weeks in the intervention group 4.38 (2.45) was significantly lower than that in the control group 5.83 (2.96) (P = 0.04). Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the potential health benefits of training posture correction and stretching movements on controlling lumbar lordosis and reducing lumbar pain during pregnancy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? One of the most common causes of low back pain refers to the enhancement of lumbar lordosis.The standard corrective movements and stretching exercises approved during pregnancy increase muscular strength and reduce the severity of lordosis if they are done regularly. What this paper adds? This is the first study that investigates the impact of a childbirth preparation program including posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain in pregnant women.The findings indicate that the posture correction movements and stretching exercises delivered in childbirth preparation classes are effective in controlling the enhancement of lumbar lordosis during pregnancy and reducing lumbar pain. The implications of this paper: Training of posture correction and stretching movements during pregnancy is recommended for all pregnant women with no contraindication to exercise during pregnancy and even for women with a history of caesarean section who may decline to participate in the preparation classes for physiological birth.Evidence‐based posture correction/exercise guidelines during pregnancy should be developed and embedded in prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Nausea is one of the most important symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aims to determine the effects of aromatherapy with sour lemon on nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo (control) groups. The two groups completed the visual analogue scale for nausea before and the first to the fourth week after starting the intervention. The intervention was performed during chemotherapy. Using a dropper, a paper towel was saturated with 3 drops of sour lemon essential oil; however, for the control group, 3 mL of water as a placebo was spread on a paper towel. The intervention in the experimental and control groups was performed once a week for 4 weeks during weekly chemotherapy sessions. Results: At the beginning of the study, no significant difference was observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P>0.05). The first to the fourth week after starting the intervention, significant differences were observed between the mean score of nausea in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the mean score of nausea changed over time in the experimental group, indicating a gradual decrease in the mean score of nausea (P<0.05). Discussion: Our findings indicated that aromatherapy with sour lemon can be effective in reducing nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: As bleeding is a serious complication during and after hysterectomy, this paper aims to compare the short-term outcomes of ChitoHem and Surgicel use in posterior bladder bleeding during hysterectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present clinical trial, 46 patients who were candidates for abdominal hysterectomy in Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, superficial cauter and Surgicel were used and in group B, superficial cauter and ChitoHem were used to control bleeding. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were determined before, and six and 12 hours after surgery. Drain discharge volume, time to stop bleeding and bleeding volume were also determined. The pain was determined by the VAS scale at the time of recovery, 48 hours postoperatively, and one and three months postoperatively. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: Based on repeated-measures test, the mean of hemoglobin in the studied times showed a significant difference, so that in six and 12 hours after surgery they were significantly less than the ones before surgery, but their mean was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean pain score one month after surgery in group B was significantly lower than group A (P <0.001). The mean volume of drainage and clotting time in group B were significantly lower than group A (P <0.01). The mean volume of intraoperative bleeding, the frequency of vaginal bleeding and cuff-related complications were not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that ChitoHem is probably effective in reducing bleeding during hysterectomy surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Nurses experience many job tensions, which lead to job burnout. The consequences of nurses' job burnout include absenteeism, reduced quality of patient care, interpersonal conflicts with colleagues, physical and mental problems, reluctance to provide care with patients, and quitting the job. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among nurses in Iran using a meta-analysis method. METHOD: The study was conducted through a meta-analysis method based on the PRISMA checklist. An unlimited search was conducted until 2020 to access the Persian and English papers in national databases, including Medlib, SID, Iranmedex, and Magiran, and databases including Cochrane, Science-Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords were "job burnout, nurse, and Iran." The data were searched and extracted by two researchers independently. All analyses were performed using version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: The prevalence of job burnout was investigated in 14 papers with a sample size of 2271 individuals with an average age of 31.44 years old, and a confidence interval of 55% (44–66%). Fars province, with 89.2%, had the highest, and Zanjan province, with 25.9%, experienced the lowest prevalence of job burnout. The overall prevalence of job burnout was 44% in males and 66% in females so that the highest prevalence was in women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of job burnout in nurses was high in some areas of Iran. A special attention by managers is needed in this field because of the several roles played by the nurses in the healthcare system and the improvement of public health. Implementation of plans to reduce the job burnout and to improve the mental health of nurses by reducing work hours, giving more opportunities to them to express their opinion(s) in amount of salary and benefits, and creating better working conditions are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Strategic orientation is one of the critical principles affecting the marketing and strategy selection of an organization's activities, reflecting the strategic tendencies implemented by the organization to create behaviours, leading to organizational efficiency and better employee performance. Therefore, this paper aims to study the relationship between strategic orientation and performance in Qazvin teaching hospitals through green supply chain management (SCM) to improve employees' performance. Design/methodology/approach: This was a descriptive– analytical and cross-sectional study. The total number of employees in medical centres was 2,256 people. According to Morgan's table, the required number of samples was 328, including 10% of the sample loss. The questionnaire was given to 365 staff in different hospitals in proportion to the number of staff. Two statistical software, SPSS24 and AMOS23, were used to evaluate the results. Findings: All three variables were relatively moderate in the hospitals. The results of evaluating the structural model of the research showed that all the studied hypotheses were significant, except for the relationship between organizational performance and strategic orientation hypothesis. The results also show that this model had a good fit. Practical implications: The findings can lead to saving the environment, creating a better social image and reducing costs and profitability, allowing managers to know the strategic orientations rather than depending on institutional pressure issues and monitoring guidelines. Originality/value: Considering the significant relationship between the dimensions of green SCM and the hospitals' performance, the authors suggest: establishing multilateral co-operation in environmental issues, improving the environmental status of hospitals, reducing waste rates and paying attention to social responsibility of hospitals. In addition, the findings help hospital management to comprehensively understand the strategies for implementing green SCM procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual desires and sexual activities are one of the natural needs of every human being, which if not used in the right direction, may become problematic and lead to various sexual disorders, including hypersexuality. The aim of this research was to compare the dialectic behavior therapy and aripiprazole drug on impulsive behavior in hypersexual patients. Methods: The paper is an experimental study based on control and treatment groups with pre-test and post-test and follow up. 54 male and female patients with hypersexuality having at least diploma, from four hospitals and psychiatric centers of Isfahan, were selected and assigned randomly in two groups of treatment (18 patients in every group) and one group of control (18 patients). Pre-test stage was done for three groups by Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS- 11). The first treatment group underwent DBT intervention for 8 sessions of 2 hours (once a week) and the second experimental group was prescribed aripiprazole for two months. Afterwards, the post-test and follow up was done for all three groups. Results: A significant difference was observed regarding the variable of impulsive behavior and all its components between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). And the drug Aripiprazole had an effect on the motor impulsivity component of impulsive behavior and improved it (P = 0.01). Also, there is a difference between the effects of DBT and aripiprazole, with the greater effect of DBT, in the variables of impulsive behavior (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the intervention of DBT and aripiprazole drug can have an effect on impulsive behavior of patients and DBT can be used as an complementary treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) assesses four major body parts and engages users in assessing some physical interactions relevant to design in task analysis. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we investigated the application of QEC as the ergonomic intervention to detect pre-production ergonomic design faults in the apple sorting machine by applying physical and virtual prototyping for three different tasks analysis divided into two phases (Task 1: Apple harvesting and preparation for sorting; Task 2: Sorting control and separation of waste fruits; Task 3: Transfer of separated apples). METHOD: First, the QEC questionnaire was administered while Iranian participants interacted with the machine to detect abnormal posture. Second, we redesigned a concept of the machine and assessed it with QEC by a focus group. RESULTS: Before design, the high pressure in Task 1 is on the back (dynamic), shoulder/arm, and very high pressure in Task 2, and in Task 3 on the back (static), arm/shoulder/neck, making an uncomfortable situation for posture. After redesign, we observed decreased pressures on the back/shoulder/arm in Task 1 from high to medium, in Task 3 from very high to low, and also in Task 2, this was detectable decreasing from very high pressures on the back/shoulder/arm and the high pressures on the neck to medium. CONCLUSION: Prototyping with QEC demonstrated that accurate redesigning of the machine with concentration on shifting from static tasks to dynamic or conversely, and ease of access by adjusting dimensions according to anthropometry and auxiliary products, could reduce musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The importance of effective public messages has been widely recognized during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, the role of news items and interpersonal conversations for the acceptance of public health measures has been highlighted. The authors propose a conceptual model based on the existing literature on how to measure the degree of persuasion of news narratives in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a whole population approach, where the unit of analysis was the population of the media news about the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors selected a sample to develop and test their conceptual model. The sample size was n = 248. The questionnaire was distributed online using a non-probability convenience sampling plan. The authors used a pre-post pseudo-experimental design. Respondents answered questions about their attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic. After watching a narrative news report on the same subject, they then answered questions designed to measure changes in their attitude. A structural equation model, the Sobel test and a paired samples t-test were used to test hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between narrative with transportation and empathy. There was also a positive and significant relationship between transportation and empathy with attitude and interpersonal talk. The relationship between transportation and self-referencing was also supported. Further, transportation and attitude mediated the relationships between narrative and interpersonal talk, self-referencing as well as empathy. A paired samples t-test revealed that attitudes were changed or reinforced before and after watching the narrative news report. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the outcomes of narrative persuasion during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a lifestyle training package that consisted of a 60‐ to 90‐min session of group training, educational booklet and text messages on physical activity and nutritional status in obese and overweight pregnant women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 140 obese or overweight women (gestational age: 16–20 weeks) covered by health centres in Tehran, Iran, were equally randomized into two parallel groups using block randomization and stratified by the body mass index. Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and fourth and eighth weeks after intervention. Participants were 38 obese and 102 overweight women who were later followed‐up. Results: After the intervention, the mean weekly intake of the vegetable and fruit subgroups was significantly higher; and intake of fats and oils and the confections subgroups were significantly lower in the intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Although physical activity was higher in the intervention group, 8 weeks after the intervention, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The training package appears to offer a suitable strategy for adjusting the intake of the recommended food subgroups in obese and overweight pregnant women. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Many studies have demonstrated the positive correlation between women's obesity and overweight and the increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.Obese and overweight pregnant women require specific planning to regulate their gestational weight gain and improve their nutritional quality. What this paper adds? The lifestyle training package consisted of a 60‐ to 90‐min session of group training, educational booklet and text messages. The package significantly improved the intake of the vegetable and fruit subgroups and significantly decreased the intake of the fats and oils and confections subgroups in obese and overweight pregnant women. The implications of this paper: Appropriate and simple training packages about proper nutrition and physical activity should be provided to obese and overweight pregnant women to decease pregnancy complications and enhance their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds resettling in Australia often experience intersecting risks for poor mental and physical health. Physical activity can promote better health outcomes, however there are limited programs tailored for this population. Therefore, understanding how to support refugees and asylum seekers to engage in physical activity is crucial. This paper aims to describe how the experience-based co-design (EBCD) process was used to identify priorities for a new physical activity service for refugees and asylum seekers. Using an EBCD framework we conducted qualitative interviews and co-design workshops with service users (refugees and asylum seekers living in the community) and service providers at a community Centre in Sydney, Australia. Sixteen participants, including eight service users and eight service providers engaged in the EBCD process over 12-months. The interviews revealed common themes or 'touchpoints' including barriers and enablers to physical activity participation such as access, safety and competing stressors. Subsequent co-design focus groups resulted in the establishment of five fundamental priorities and actionable strategies; ensuring cultural and psychological safety, promoting accessibility, facilitating support to access basic needs, enhancing physical activity literacy and fostering social connection. Using EBCD methodology, this study used the insights and lived experiences of both service users and providers to co-design a physical activity service for refugees and asylum seekers which is safe, supportive, social and accessible. The results of the implementation and evaluation of the program are ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study aimed to explore Iranian women's life stories living with compulsive sexual behaviour. Data were collected between 2014 and 2016 in two cities. Forty‐four semi‐structured interviews were conducted by using theoretical sampling and constant comparative analysis. Four thematic categories were constructed from the data, including "scars left on the spirit and mind,"; "bizarre beliefs regarding sexuality and gender,"; "compensation for emptiness and the loss,"; and "difficulty in emotional regulation." This paper shows how abusive patterns of relationships in childhood could lead to sexual compulsivity. The paper results can direct our attention to the importance of health and social care and training to recognise abusive situations and support these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Education is the main factor of economic growth in a country, and the curriculum is the heart of any education system. As civilization makes the transition from the industrial era to one of sustainability, educational leaders around the globe ought to implement a learning system that prepares young people for life in a unified society. Every country that has experienced high growth for a long time makes great efforts to educate its nation and reinforce its human capital. In contrast, there is considerable evidence that many developing countries are not doing enough. Education has a legal claim on public funds for at least two obvious reasons. First, the social returns are likely to be greater than the private returns. Second, some families with low incomes and credit constraints may not be able to invest as much in education as they would like, even if a higher income is guaranteed for a diploma or university degree in the case of a successful job search. Therefore, public spending on education is established based on impartial opportunity and efficiency. This paper provides a starting point to explore what skills and concepts students should be studying to lead the future. The curriculum model provides an explicit outline of some of the competencies that will likely be required for whatever world scenario emerges. This study focuses on the key roles of education and its relation to economic development as well as the curriculum as a core part of the entire educational drive of nations. In particular, the aim of the present study was to study the goals and contents of the high school curriculum of Group 7 countries and Iran with a focus on the differences and similarities of cognitive and metacognitive skills, which were compared with Iran in order to reach an appropriate model. Methods: The method used in this study is qualitative, seeking to understand a research phenomenon in its usual environment that leads to a deep understanding of the studied phenomenon. In particular, this research is a documentary analytical research with a comparative approach. The statistical population of the research in the first study, which had a comparative approach, includes all documents, printed and electronic texts regarding the curriculum elements of the selected countries. It includes all articles, websites, studies, and research related to the research topic. In the Delphi method, the presence of experts and experts in the subject is emphasized. Statistical sample: In this research, in the first part, after searching the official portals of the countries and databases, all the documents that contain the content of the curriculum elements of these countries have been found. Data analysis in qualitative research is the process of classifying, describing, and combining data. In this section, after collecting the information and data, the contents were separated into 4 components: goal, content, method, and evaluation for each country. Then it was analyzed based on John Stuart Mill's agreement and difference model. The analysis in the quantitative part includes Kendall's coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis with the help of SPSS22 and Amos Graphics version 23 software. Meanwhile, Maxqda18 software was used in the qualitative part and model extraction. All documents were translated by translators from IACTI (Iranian Certified Translators and Interpreters). It must be acknowledged that the process of translating the documents was complicated and difficult due to the different languages and finding the appropriate equivalent in Persian. 212 participants, including secondary school teachers, university professors, and Ph.D. students in the fields of curriculum and education management helped to confirm and categorize the collected information. In the next step, the Delphi method was used to obtain the opinions of experts and reach a consensus about the studied components. With a 5-point Likert style scale 80% agreement was obtained, which was regarded as attaining a minimum acceptable interrater agreement. Results: This study was motivated by doubts that have been raised about the role of education and human capital in economic development. These doubts come from a variety of vantage points ranging from whether the research has correctly identified the impact of education to whether other institutional aspects of countries might be more important. They also encompass concerns about whether or not we really know how to change educational outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The eight studied countries were divided into two groups for comparison: (a) Group of Seven, and (b) Iran. The objectives and content included in the curricula of these countries were identified, and then similarities and differences between these two groups were analyzed. The results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions. Moreover, the results of this research showed that the goals and content of the curriculum of these countries often emphasize the areas of work and employment and are somehow economy-oriented. In Iran, there is not much emphasis on these areas in Iran. Although the principles and teachings of Islam pay attention to work, there is a lack of attention to this issue in the goals and content of the curriculum. It is suggested that there is an emergency need to review the national curriculum in Iran. Taking help from religious foundations in this field, such as paying attention to work and effort in Islam, avoiding laziness, and contentment, paying attention to halal earning and sustenance, etc., is very beneficial and enlightening. Using the fundamentals of Islam only in prohibitions and outward criticisms and only paying attention to prayer and fasting not only makes students evasive but also limits the main mission of religion which enlightens the path of people's lives and can open a way in their social and economic life. Pointing to the fact that the longest verse of the Holy Quran is in the field of economic transactions is one of the examples of the importance of the field of economics in Islam and proof of this matter. The lack of economic attention and cultivating students’ cognitive as well as metacognitive is felt in terms of preparing people for the future, after graduating from secondary education. It seems that it is better for the planners to update and modify the secondary school curriculum in line with economic development and changes in psychological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderate the effects of occupational stress on dyadic adjustment and the quality of work‐life of nurses. Background: Nurses are at higher risk for occupational stress, work–family conflict, and the challenge of balancing job and family roles. However, in recent studies, the impact of dyadic coping strategies in dealing with work–family stress in those couples has not received adequate attention. Design This study was a cross‐sectional study. Methods: The research sample comprised 591 nurses recruited through announcements in hospitals and health centres in Iran between May 2018 and February 2019. They completed the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, the Dyadic Coping Inventory, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Quality of Nursing Work Life questionnaire. Hierarchical regression was utilized. Results: Results indicated that there was a negative relationship between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment, and quality of work‐life. Stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderated the association between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment as well as the quality of work‐life. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that the nurses who use dyadic coping strategies to deal with occupational stress report a higher level of adjustment and quality of work‐life. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses face much stress in their workplace.Occupational stress can negatively affect the quality of work‐life and marital adjustment of nurses.Coping strategies can reduce the negative effects of occupational stress on couples' life. What this paper adds? Negative associations between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment, and quality of work‐life were found.Stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderated the association between occupational stress and dyadic adjustment.Stress communication and supportive dyadic coping moderated the association between occupational stress and the quality of work‐life. The implications of this paper: The results of the current study suggest the importance of adding teaching dyadic coping skills to the nursing curricula.This finding is relevant for clinical experts to consider training coping skills as a beneficial way to experience higher dyadic adjustment.Efforts towards increasing dyadic coping in nurses may influence the effects of work–family stress on dyadic adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the transtheoretical model aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) participation among female employees in Bandar Abbas city (Iran) healthcare centers in December 2017 and August 2018. Using a semi-experimental interventional study design with a randomized and multi-stage method, 100 participants were included in both the intervention (n  = 50) and control groups (n  = 50). Data collection involved questionnaires assessing demographic information (age, gender, marital status and education), stages of change in PA behavior, Perceived Benefits, Barriers and Self-efficacy. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16, employing both descriptive (mean, SD, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (t -tests, chi-squared tests, etc.). Prior to the educational intervention, 19 participants (0.38%) in the intervention group engaged consistently in PA (stages 4–5). After 3 and 6 months of intervention, these numbers increased to 29 (0.58%) and 25 (0.50%), respectively. This improvement was statistically significant compared to the pre-intervention stage (P  < 0.001). The findings highlight the importance of theory-based behavior change models and health education programs in promoting PA and combating sedentary lifestyles. Although focused on a specific population in Bandar Abbas, the intervention can serve as a model for similar programs targeting diverse social classes and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a review of Iranian studies, no studies have yet to explore a relationship between substance use disorders (SUDs), depression and/or PTSD. In this paper, we report whether the Iranian women and men with SUDs exhibit differences in PTSD and depression. A cross-sectional study was performed on 600 SUDs patients in treatment. Assessments included socio demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory II, and the PTSD Checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive, chi-square (χ2) and logistic regression analysis. PTSD was 61.5% in the study population. The mean PTSD score was 47.92 ± 12.07 for all men and women. The participants revealed mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms 19.7%, 24.3%, and 32.3%, respectively. Women were more likely than men to be diagnosed with PTSD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.82, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.80) and depression (AOR =1.65, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.77). In addition, marital status and job status were significantly associated with depression and PTSD. This study shows remarkably higher prevalence of PTSD and depression in drug using women than their male counterparts. The results illustrate a number of gender differences that may shed light on etiologic models of co-morbid SUDs, PTSD, and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: One approach to measure the demographic impacts of death is to examine the number of lost years of life. The present paper aims to estimate the "Years of Lost Life" (YLL) due to the main causes of death in Yazd province of Iran. Method: The present study is an epidemiological examination for which the statistical population included all the death incidents in Yazd province (excluding stillbirth cases) over two time periods of 2011 and 2016 with a 5-year distance. The required data were obtained based on the Comprehensive System of Mortality Registration maintained by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education; while the standard life expectancy data were based on the World Health Organization standards using standard life table, level 26 of the West model (Coale and Demeny) for Japanese men and women. The standard YLL was calculated according to the WHO standard using a 0.03 relaxation rate for the future time and weighting coefficient for various ages and life years through the formula using the Microsoft Excel software. Results: The findings of the present study suggest that two main causes of YLL in Yazd province during the year of 2011 were cardiovascular difficulties with the rates of 31.6 per 1000 persons for women and 27.1 per 1000 persons for men, and cancers with the rates of 14.9 per 1000 persons for women and 16.2 per 1000 persons for men. While the above numbers in 2016 were, respectively 22.5 per 1000 persons for women and 25.5 per 1000 persons for men due to cardiovascular difficulties; and 18 per 1000 persons for women and 15.5/1000 for men due to various types of cancers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the main factors leading to Years of Lost Lifetime for the residents of Yazd province in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most surgical specimen errors occur in the pre-analysis stage, which can be prevented. This study aims to identify errors related to surgical pathology specimens in one of the most comprehensive healthcare centers in Northeast Iran. Methods: The present study is descriptive and analytical research conducted cross-sectionally in 2021 at Ghaem healthcare center in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences on the basis of a census sampling. We used a standard checklist to collect information. Professors and pathologists evaluated the validity and reliability of the checklist using Cronbach's alpha calculation method of 0.89. We analyzed the results using statistical indices, SPSS 21 software, and the chi-square test. Results: Out of 5617 pathology specimens studied, we detected 646 errors. The highest number of errors is the mismatch of the specimen with the label (219 cases; 3.9%) and the non-compliance of the patient's profile in the specimen sent with the label (129 cases; 2.3%), and the lowest errors are the inappropriate volume of the fixator(24 cases; 0.4%), and they accounted for insufficient sample size (25 cases; 0.4%). Based on Fisher's exact test results, there was a significant difference between the proportion of errors in different departments and months. Conclusion: Considering the frequency of labeling errors in the stage before the analysis in the pathology department, the use of barcode imprinted in specimen containers, the removal of the paper request for pathology, the use of radio frequency chip technology, the use of the rechecking system and improving communication in different departments can be effective in reducing these errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several documents have investigated the area of Quran study and medicine from different points of view; the present study has been assessing all the documents about Quran study and medicine, published in Iranian scientific-research journals, to create an opportunity of revising the interventions executed in this areas and targeting the decisions in order to draw a clear and more realistic vision. In this simple review study, scientific-research and general informative websites in the period of 1992-2013 were explored by taking advantage of critical keywords such as Islamic medicine and Islamic lifestyle. After the initial retrieval, 348 articles were finally ready for the evaluation process. Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of patterns differences between years of study. Minimum and maximum numbers of articles were published in 1992 (0.28 %) and 2011 (12.35 %), respectively. The level of execution of studies by using different methods was as follows: about 3.44 % qualitative, 29.59 % cross-sectional descriptive-analytical, 30.45 % review, 1.14 % case-control, 17.52 % experimental, 3.73 % cohort methods and 12.93 % were performed by other methods. The most common subject study was 'The effects of fasting and Ramadan on health' (21.83 %). The most important journals hosting this field articles were the journals of medicine and refinement (27.01 %), as well as the Quran and medicine (12.64 %), respectively. Chi-square test showed significant thematic differences during the 21 years of study. Based on the available evidences, the number of descriptive papers was yet more than the analytical, interventional and scientific-comparative articles. Also, the most studies had been reviewing the medical-Islamic documents. This reflects the need for revising the search strategies of Quran study and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Neural activation is associated with increasing energy requirements, and increasing peripheral Lactate (LA) concentration in response to severe exercise, enhances LA supply as an energy substrate to meet acute neurological needs. The acute speed and football exercises may affect cognitive function by increasing LA concentration and nervous activation. Increasing the neurocognitive performance of growing adolescent boy players an important role in their physical performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Although speed interval and plyometric training in football players may lead to progressive fatigue and activate the central nervous system and subsequent cognitive disorders, it may also positively increase neurotrophines such as BDNF or IGF-1 and affect brain neutrophils and neurological function. According to this evidence, we assumed that BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 increase in response to a football training session, which may be associated with increasing neurological function of adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an acute speed and plyometric football-based exercise on plasma concentrations of BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 neural proteins, which may play an important role in enhancing cognitive abilities. And the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted in two sessions, including an intervention and control session. After calling in Tehran's schools, 20 adolescents 14-15 years of age were selected and accessible as a sample, and randomly participated in 2 sessions of speed and plyometric exercises and control sessions. All subjects are familiar with how to perform speed exercises (RAST Test) during a familiarization period (two sessions). On the day of the main test, after 12 hours of fasting, the test was referred to the test site and the first blood sample (5 cc) was taken from the antiquiobital vein. After the standard breakfast of the subjects, we were wearing sportswear and after ten minutes of general warming up the speed training included six times a maximum of 35 meters with a 10-second recovery between each run. After the test was performed, the plyometric exercise was executed, including a pair jump and one -foot barriers, jump on barriers with 180 degrees rotation, zigzag jump and one foot forward, jump on obstacles with both legs and legs Single-tofoot jumping on the barriers of single -foot and throwing a medicine ball, on the sides, with 12 repetitions. The active rest between turn was considered two to three minutes (29). The subject's heart rate was performed during the controlled exercise (Polar heart rate monitor) and the exercise in the range of 80-90 % of the heart rate. The second blood sample was taken immediately after the training session was completed. All sampling steps for each subject were performed under the same conditions and the BDNF and NGF levels were measured through the USA-made Kit. The IGF-I levels were measured through the ELISA methods and IGF-I Kit. Cognitive neurological function was also measured through the Stroop test (ST) before and after the training session. In this study, the Polish paper version of ST was used. ST consisted of 71 words written with colored ink. The task of the participants was to name the font color regardless of the written word. For statistical analysis, the research data are first described using the mean and standard deviation, then the changes before and after all the variables of the two sessions were calculated and analyzed using the dependent stroop test. A significant level was considered to be P≤0.05 and SPSS 16 was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the somatic specifications of the research subjects was as follow: Weight (59.7±3.2), Body mass index (21.4±1.3), Fat percentage (21.7±2.8), and Fat free mase (41.10±4.1) The results of the present study showed that BDNF data changes were significantly different in training and control session (t19=12/89, p<0/001). In the exercise session, the BDNF rate increased by approximately 2.5 times compared with control session. NGF data also showed significant differences in both sessions before and after acute speed and Plyometric training (t19=4.89, p<0/001). Regarding the plasma levels of IGF-1 also the results showed a quite significant difference in comparison of two sessions (t19 =2.89, p=0.019). The time of implementation of the stroop test at two sessions of training and control in the preceding and later times also showed significant differences that in the exercise session the test was significantly reduced than the control session (t19 =3.89, p=0/009). The test time in the exercise session decreased from 59.3s to 53.1s. There was no significant change in the control session at the time of stroop performance (58.6 s and 59.3 s). These findings show that acute speeds and plyometric exercise are useful for improving post exercise cognitive performance in adolescent. Skeletal muscle contraction during high-intensity exercise increases BDNF levels in the brain, and the speed and plyeometric exercise protocol is a more effective and preferred intervention to raise BDNF levels than traditional exercise mode, with moderate intensity. Acute speed and plyometric exercises increase human cognitive function. Improvement of cognitive function may be the synthesis or release of neurological proteins that are adjusted by high blood LA after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the current findings suggest that acute plyometric and speed training enhances human cognitive performance. The improvement in cognitive performance may be from the synthesis or release of neuroprotective proteins modulated by high blood LA concentrations after exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Leishmaniasis is among the seven more significant tropical diseases, and it is a major global health issue with a wide range of clinical symptoms and potentially lethal consequences. Resveratrol and its derivatives have been shown to have anti-Leishmanial properties. This study aimed to use a meta analysis of relevant papers to determine the leishmanicidal impact of resveratrol and its derivatives. Materials & Methods: A comprehensive search method was used to query the electronic databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus up until June 2021. The articles that met the inclusion criteria were chosen. Random-effects models were used to calculate mean differences in IC50 (concentration corresponding to a 50% reduction in Leishmania) for each outcome. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the evidence. To assess heterogeneity and the stability of the pooled data, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. The Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias. Results: In the meta-analysis, nine studies were considered. Resveratrol (RSV) and its derivatives significantly reduced survivability in Leishmania promastigote [24.02 µg/ml; (95% CI 17.1, 30.8); P<0.05; I² = 99.8%; P Heterogeneity = 0.00] and amastigote [18.3 µg/ml; (95% CI 13.5, 23.2); P<0.05; I² = 99.6%; P Heterogeneity= 0.00]. The meta analysis revealed a considerable publication bias. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the effect magnitude was similar, but the heterogeneity was reduced. According to subgroup analysis, the pooled effect sizes of leishmanicidal resveratrol and its derivatives were altered by the kind of stilbenes and Leishmania species. Conclusion: According to the findings of this meta-analysis, RSV and its derivatives could be a possible therapeutic option for leishmaniasis. However, more research is needed to confirm and employ this chemical against Leishmania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim; One of the cancer treatments is chemotherapy; Anxiety is one of the important; symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Considering the effect of lemon aromatherapy on improving anxiety in patients without cancer, maybe it can also improve the anxiety of patients with cancer This study aimed to determine the possible effect of lemon scent on the nausea and vomiting of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Instruments & Methods This is a one-sided blind clinical trial study, which was carried out on 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran in --2021-2022. Patients were randomly divided into two test and control groups. During chemotherapy, three drops of lemon essential oil were used and in the control group, 3cc of water were poured on a paper napkin. The subjects were then asked to breathe normally. This method was used once a week for 4 weeks during chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Findings The mean age of intervention and control groups were 52.20t9.63 and 51.48 ± 12.29 years, respectively (p=0.81) The mean duration of the disease of intervention and control groups were 40.04±27.53 and 35.32±19.57 months, respectively (p=0.48). No significant differences were seen between two groups in the demographic characteristics; sex, marital status, education level, underlying disease, and cancer type. The ANOVA test with repeated measures showed no significant decrease in overt and covert anxiety of patients over time (p>0.05). Conclusion Aromatherapy with lemon essence has no effect on the overt and covert anxiety of the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the associations between psychological factors (pain catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety, and fear of pain) and level of pain and disability in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). One hundred and two patients with CRPS were recruited from tertiary care centers with the different upper limb injuries were evaluated for pain, disability, and psychological factors. Patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire, Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The associations of pain and disability with presence of these behavioral and mental health factors were examined using bivariate and multivariable analyses. These models were adjusted for age, sex, injured dominant hand, and previous surgery. A higher pain catastrophizing score (β = 0.55, p = 0.00) was associated with greater disability. A higher pain catastrophizing score (β = 0.35, p = 0.001) and female gender (β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were associated with greater pain at rest (PAR). A higher pain catastrophizing score and having a surgical history were associated with greater pain with movement (β = 0.25, p = 0.02). Scores of ≥18.5 in PCS, ≥57.5 on TSK, and ≥15.5 on DASS were associated with higher risk of experiencing pain and disability. Pain catastrophizing, female sex, and surgical intervention are associated with poor outcomes. Physiologic, psychological factors, and treatment factors interact to influence outcomes. The results of this study further validate the associations of chronic pain and disability with pain catastrophizing in patients with CRPS. The novel finding of this study is introducing cut-off scores for TSK, PCS, and DASS as a screening tool to predict pain, functional limitations. Pain catastrophizing has a vital role in the magnitude of disability and pain in patients with CRPS. The novel finding of this paper was the cut-off scores on the psychological evaluations that can enable using them as screening tool for bad outcomes in patients with CRPS. Cut off scores from different psychological evaluations can be used as a yellow flag for clinician's for detecting patients with increased risk of pain and disability. The identification of a cut-off can also have implications for implementing change in clinical practice by identifying the need for early and intensive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Firefighters, as the first responders to disasters, are exposed to dangerous and stressful situations and experience high job stress due to the nature of their work, affecting various physical and mental health dimensions. The aim of this study was to assess job stress in Iranian firefighters by systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PRISMA guideline was used to conduct the present study. Data resources of SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. Conference papers and the reference list of retrieved articles were screened to identify additional studies. Literature searches were conducted in both Persian and English without any time limit until the end of 2020. RESULTS: Initially, 147 studies were identified, and finally 13 eligible studies were systematically reviewed. In this study, 2378 Iranian firefighters were studied. Most of the studies had cross-sectional designs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed that most Iranian firefighters are exposed to job stress, influencing other life aspects such as quality of life, job satisfaction, etc. As appropriate interventions can reduce job stress, providing firefighters with adequate training at the beginning of employment and also with in-service training, it is possible to reduce their job stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin and ibuprofen on pain control, in terms of pain intensity and duration of analgesia after extraction of the third molar of the mandible in the maxillofacial surgery department of the University School of Dentistry Islamic Azad Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1399. Material and Methods: The study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 48 patients who were candidates for mandibular third molar surgery. they should also write their pain intensity one hour after taking the second dose of the drug after seeing the first symptoms of pain based on the VAS scale and the duration of their analgesia from the time of taking the drug (which was one hour before surgery for all patients) to the first signs of pain appeared on a piece of paper. Data analysis was performed using Two sample T test power analysis of PASS software version 22. Results: The results of our study showed that the duration of analgesia after Curcumin use is shorter compared to Ibuprofen (P<0.001). This difference was also statistically significant. Also, after taking the second dose of the drug, patients treated with ibuprofen reported less pain intensity, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.39) Conclusion: Ibuprofen compared to Curcumin further reduces patients' pain and also has a longer duration of pain for patients after extraction of the third molar of the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As the aging population increases steadily, the demands for specialized nurses and geriatricians willing to work in geriatric settings will probably explode. Accordingly, the medical sciences students' attitude toward older adults and their willingness to work with them must be determined. This study aims to determine the medical sciences students' attitude toward older people and its relationship with their willingness to work with this population. In addition, it sought to determine the variables that could predict students' attitudes toward the elderly. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional design using a stratified random sampling method was used to recruit a sample of 305 Iranian medical sciences students with a response rate of 97.4%. The instruments for data collection were composed of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics of participants, Kogan's Attitudes toward Old People Scale and the Willingness to Work with Elderly People Scale (WEPS). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 (IBM SPSS statistics 23.0). Findings: The participants' mean (SD) age was 22.95 (2.53). Most of them (69%) were women, and 51% were nursing students. The findings showed that 70% of students had a slightly positive attitude toward the elderly and only 12.8% of them declared geriatric setting as their workplace preference in the future. Experience of volunteering activities with elders, WEPS score, workplace preference after graduation and gender were the predictors of medical science students' attitudes toward the elderly. Originality/value: This paper further develops previous research on the attitudes of Iranian medical sciences students toward older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Psychological factors are among the most suspected indicators which may cause atherosclerosis. Coping strategies modifying psychological stress may be significantly associated with health outcomes. However, little is known about the influence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies on major adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The purpose of this study is to examine this idea among a sample of adults. Design: cohort study. Methods and results The Isfahan cohort study (ICS) is a longitudinal population-based, prospective study. Participants (⁠ N = 6323 individuals aged 35 years or greater at baseline) were selected by multistage random sampling with 6-year intervals (i.e. 2001: 6323 individuals, 2007: 3296 individuals, and 2013: 1706 individuals). Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were evaluated by a multicomponent self-administered stress management paper-based questionnaire. All CVD events were confirmed by a blinded panel of experts and a marginal cox regression model was used to model the survival data. Adaptive coping strategies could be protective against CVD events with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) [0.97 (0.95–0.99)] and maladaptive coping strategies seem to be a risk factor, 1.02 (1.01–1.04) in the whole population. Individuals younger than 60 showed similar results, with 0.96 (0.93–0.98) and 1.04 (1.01–1.07) for adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, respectively. However, these findings were not replicated among seniors older than age 60. Conclusion Based on our results, coping strategies have an important role in cardiovascular events, particularly among young adults. According to the results, informing patients about adaptive stress management may promote primary prevention of CVD events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer is one of the most important issues in the world which affects public health as an important problem. Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran with an annual occurrence of 51,000 new cases [1]. Previous studies demonstrated the considerable increasing trends in the mortality of gastrointestinal cancer in Iran, especially for Gastric cancer and colorectal cancer [2]. In general, incidence rates of these two cancers are high in Eastern Europe, Eastern Asia, and South America and the lowest rates are in North America, and most parts of Africa [3]. The most critical factors that increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer are aging, inappropriate diet, biological factors, and infectious diseases which contribute to the cancer occurrence [4]. Colon cancer is studied to be one of the most critical digestive diseases and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths [5]. Gastric cancer is important cancer in the world and the prevalence of gastric cancer is raised with aging in both men and women [6]. Colon cancer is a disorder in which malignant cells form in the large intestinal tissues [7]. On the other hand, in gastric cancer the malignant cells form in the lining layer of the stomach caused it. The risk of gastric cancer is high in Iran, and unlike in Western countries it is not under the control, thus it is on a dramatically increasing trend in Iran [8]. Secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds of plants can play an important role in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and have some positive effects on cancer cells, as well as in the expression of apoptotic pathway genes [9]. Colutea persica was used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent in gastrointestinal problems [10]. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Colutea persica on gastric cancer (AGS), colon cancer (HT-29), and normal fibroblast (SKM) cell lines. Methods: Fresh Colutea persica leaves were collected from the Delfard region of Kerman province in 1399. Dried leaves of Colutea persica were ground into a fine powder by the electronic grinder. At the next step, the ground powder was extracted using ethanol by the maceration. Then, it was placed on a shaker at room temperature. After that, the collective extracted was filtered using a filter membrane. The solvent extracted was evaporated in the rotary evaporator. Finally, to completely remove the solvent, the extract was placed in an oven, and the hydroalcoholic extract was maintained at -20 °C until use. In order to measure the total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts the aluminum chloride complex-forming assay was applied. In this method, quercetin was applied as the standard which flavonoid content was distinguished based on the quercetin equivalent. Briefly, Colutea persica extract was added to the aluminum chloride hexahydrate and mixed with potassium acetate and distilled water. After 30 minutes, the absorbance of the reaction was checked using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 415 nm. The blank sample was made by replacing aluminum chloride with deionized water. Before measuring, all of the solutions were filtered by using Whatmann filter papers (number 41). Total flavonoid content in Colutea persica extract was measured using the standard calibration curve which is achieved from different concentrations of the standard reference. The total phenolic content (TPC) of organic crude extracts was calculated using the FolinCiocalteu reagent method. In this method, gallic acid was used as a reference standard (20-100 μg/mL) for plotting the calibration curve. 0.5 mL of the Colutea persica extract was added to 1.5 mL of Folin-Ciocalteu solution. Then, it was diluted (1:10) with deionized water and added to the sodium carbonate solution. The absorbance was recorded after one hour at 765 nm by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Finally, the total phenolic content was calculated based on gallic acid equivalents (mgGAE/g). All the experiments were done in triplicate. Cytotoxic effects of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated on the cells for 24 hours using MTT assay. The apoptosis induction was monitored using flowcytometry by annexin-V FITC/PI doublestaining. Cells were seeded and after 24 h they were incubated with a 1.25 mg/ml concentration of the extract and for each treated cell line, one control cell was considered. The annexin V/PI assay was performed to confirm the cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts against AGS and HT-29 cell lines. Total RNA was isolated from cells using RNX-plus TM Reagent before and after treatment. Total RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using M-MuLV-RT and random hexamers. The cDNA was assayed by real-time PCR using primers for BAX and BCL-2 genes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, one way ANOVA, Tukey test at p ≤0.05... Results: The MTT assay revealed the cytotoxicity against both two cell lines (HT29 and AGS) in comparison to the HT29 and AGS normal cell line (SKM). The expression level of BAX gene increased and BCL2 gene decreased in AGS cell line after treatment by plant extract. (p<0.05). The total phenolic content was expressed in terms of milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight of plant extract. The total phenolic content of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Colutea persica were 5.02±.05 and 5.85.±0.08 mgGAE/g respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings show that Colutea. persica has anti-cancer effects in vitro against AGS and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis by using plant extract was achieved by down-regulation of BCL2 and up-regulation of BAX. Finally, the current study suggests that Colutea. persica may have cancer-fighting properties and could be a promising new candidate in this field. Besides, the molecular target of Colutea. persica and its mechanism are unknown, and the author intends to use animal models and bioinformatics methods to discover the active ingredients of Colutea. persica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify the factors pertaining to the quality of life (QOL) among the mothers of patients with cerebral palsy. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 203 mothers of children with cerebral palsy were selected using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Caregiver Difficulties Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and a demographic information questionnaire were administered to these caregivers. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the factors associated with QOL. Results: Moderate to high significant negative correlations were observed between all WHOQOL‐BREF domains and the other measures. The demographic/clinical variables were controlled, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was run. The results indicated that depression, the burden of care, fatigue, and the type of cerebral palsy could significantly predict QOL in these mothers. Furthermore, QOL was lower in the mothers of children with tetraplegia than those of children with other types of disabilities (P <.05). Conclusion: QOL of mothers of children with cerebral palsy is negatively impacted by various factors such as burden of care, fatigue, and psychological symptoms. Thus, a holistic approach, including training (carrying, positioning, feeding, and how to manage the self‐care of children) and psychological interventions, is required to improve QOL among this population. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Unlike developed countries, there are a few studies conducted on caregivers of patients with cerebral palsy in developing counties.The lack of any supporting systems in developing countries caused most of the burden of care to be on the shoulders of caregivers. What this paper adds? This paper showed that the burden of care of mothers caused psychological symptoms such as depression, stress, and decrease in QOL. The implications of this paper: Considering the chronicity of cerebral palsy and that caregivers may provide care long‐term, interventions are needed in order to decrease the burden of care and psychological symptoms and enhance QOL.The significant relationship between severity of cerebral palsy and burden of care indicates special training packages could be targeted to decrease the burden of care, physically, emotionally, and financially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The reduction of the violence and child abuse requires the cooperation of national and international health-related organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of NGOs in health and peace development through administrating supportive programs for child abuse and violence victims. Design/methodology/approach: The present research was a mixed method research, and the type of research was a descriptive-analytic study. To collect data, library and field methods were used. The research sample included 137 staff members of the NGOs supporting children in Tehran. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: According to authorities and members of the NGOs supporting children, networking and affective factors played a significant role in the development of health and peace (P<0.01). This was feasible by controlling the factors affecting violence and child abuse. Practical implications: Given the fact that NGOs are contributing to the development and establishment of peace through effective participation and networking, trying to support the victims of child abuse and violence, the need for more attention from governments is recommended in order to support these organizations, especially legislative and financial support is needed to expand the activities of such organizations. Originality/value: This paper is original in its method, topic and findings. The first is mixed method research, which has studied the role of networking of NGOs for peace development through implementing support programs for victims of child abuse and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Aggression has been introduced as one of the serious problems in public health. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the physical and verbal aggression behavior. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, 462 teenagers were evaluated through the demographic questionnaire along with the main structures of the TPB as a predictor of behavior. After one month of follow-up, physical and verbal aggression was evaluated. Demographic data were analyzed descriptively by SPSS21 and predictability of the structures for intention and behavior of the physical and verbal aggression was analyzed by AMOS. Findings: Mean and standard deviation of participants' age were 14.70 and 1.12 years, respectively. In this research, 22.5% of the participants did not show physical aggression over the last one month and 20% of them did not show verbal aggression over the last month. Path analysis revealed that the variables of the TPB predicted 61% and 32% of variance of intention and physical aggression behavior, respectively, while these variables could describe 43% and 22% of the variance of intention and verbal aggression behavior, respectively. All of the concepts could be significant predictors of the behaviors. Subjective norms were the best predictor of the intention for physical and verbal aggression. Intention and perceived behavioral control were good predictors of physical and verbal aggression. Research limitations/implications: Given the role of subjective norms in intention and also the role of intention and perceived behavioral control of people for aggression, it can be concluded that emphasis on social and psychological education about subjective norms, peer groups and self-control can help reduce this problem. Originality/value: A few studies have predicted behavior occurrence in the future. Given the lack of focus on the role of constructs that may bring about future behaviors, the current research was conducted to use the structures of the TPB to predict behavioral intention as well as perpetration of physical and verbal aggressive behaviors, independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child abuse may potentially create the behavioral problems particularly in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder using the emotional regulation and social skills as mediators. In this paper, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. The study population included 358 children of parents with substance use disorder whose parents had referred to the addiction treatment center in Kermanshah province, Iran (2017-2018). Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) Questionnaire, and Child Abuse Questionnaire were also used for data collection. IBM SPSS Amos 22 software was utilized for statistical analysis of the obtained data. The SEM was also analyzed to confirm fit of the model. The results showed a direct relationship between the child abuse and behavioral problems so that, the boys outperformed the girls in this regard. The findings also suggested a significant relationship between the family characteristics and behavioral problems. On the other hand, family characteristics and emotional regulation had direct and significant effects on improvement of the social skills (P < 0.001). The results revealed a direct effect of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, it is suggested to take a preventive approach toward child abuse in the children of parents with substance use disorder by employing a comprehensive program and intervention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Journals are one of the channels of scientific communication among experts in the specialized fields of human knowledge as well as a tools for the rapid and widespread dissemination of new research achievements. It is important for founders of scientific journals to explore if the publications of the journal meet the performance of academic journals interms of subjects and collaboration of resarchers. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientometrics of a decade of activity of the Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods. The method of this research was scientometric analysis. The statistical population of the study included articles published in Tabriz Medical Journal from 2010 to 2019, which are indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC). We analysed publications in Tabriz Medical Journal from 2010 to 2019. To collect the required data, the title of the journal was searched on the website of the Iranian Science Citation Index in the "Advanced Search" section by filtering the desired years. BibExcel, Ucinet, NetDraw and VOS-Weaver software were used for data analysis. Results. Seven hundred ninety-four articles written by 1947 authors were published in Tabriz Medical Journal. The authors' names were repeated a total of 3111 times in various articles. The average number of authors for each article was 3.92. The citation effect (average citation per article) was 0/36. Each article included an average of 21.56 citations. 31 of the 794 papers were single-author papers while 763 papers were published as scientific collaborations between two or more researchers. There were four authors in the co-authored template. The largest co-authorship network consisted of 92 authors. 2449 keywords were used to describe 794 articles. These keywords were repeated a total of 3118 times in various articles. The most common keywords included "children", "rat" and "polymorphism" with frequencies of 20, 19 and 17, respectively. Thematic clusters included "quality of life", "type 1 diabetes", "aerobic activity", "antibiotic resistance", "breast cancer", "type 2 diabetes", "cardiovascular disease", "drinking water" and "Stress and depression". Conclusion. The results of this study indicated the existence of a good status of scientific collaborations among authors based on the patterns of writing journal articles. All thematic clusters obtained were in compliance with the thematic axes or thematic specializations existing in the journal. The average citation per article was about 0/36 percent; thus, the status of the citation rate for the journal articles was not high enough. The index of journals in international databases has a positive effect on increasing the citation rate of journal articles. Therefore, it is suggested that new measures be taken to increase the visibility and impact factor of the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Nosocomial infection is a health problem in all countries. Considering the role of midwives in controlling nosocomial infection, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on model on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infection by Babol hospitals midwives was done. Methods & Materials The present study was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control group. The interventions were performed in three 40-minute sessions in the Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital in April and May 2017. The data collection tool was a structure Health Belief Model based(Awareness, structure Health Belief Model and behavior) on a questionnaire completed Its validity and reliability were assessed two months before and one month after Midwives who met the inclusion criteria education. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software v. 24 by Anova, T-test and ANCO one-way Covariance tests. Ethical Considerations This research paper has been approved by the ethics committee IR.IAU.TMU. REC.1398.068 and informed consent will be taken from the participants in the study the information will remain confidential. Results Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of, mean scores of different model structures. After intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of the effect of education on knowledge score (1.0±0.3), perceived sensitivity (2.8±1.5), perceived severity (3.6±1.7) Perceived barriers (-6.4±1.3), perceived benefits (5.1±4), self-efficacy (4.6 ± 2.6) and behavior( 3.1±1.1) was seen in the intervention group (P>0.05). Conclusion By increasing the scores obtained from the structures Especially self-efficacy and reduction of perceived barriers, designing and implementing an educational program based on model in midwives can increase their performance regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is considered a common sexual problem affecting different aspects of life, and it seems to be rooted in individual's personality. Aim: This paper aims to compare prevalence of sexual dysfunctions between those with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and healthy persons. Method: This is a causal – comparative research. To do so, 700 males and females from Tehran City were screened in 2021, among them 120 persons were diagnosed with NPD and 41 persons were selected through convenience sampling as individuals with disorder. Data of 40 healthy persons were analyzed for comparative purposes. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI3), Female Sexual Functions Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function (ILEF) were used. Data were analyzed by comparing two independent groups in SPSS, Version 26. Results: In females, there were no significant differences in sexual function (t=1.011, P=0.320), moisture (t=0.537, P=0.595), orgasm (t=-0.539, P=0.594), sexual pleasure (t=0.164, P=0.871) and pain (t=0.999, P=0.327) between narcissists and healthy persons. Difference in sexuality (t=2.289, P<0.05) and arousal (t=2.107, P<0.05) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists. Moreover, in males, the difference in sexual function (t=7.545, P<0.001), sexuality (t=12.871, P<0.001) and erection (t=4.832, P<0.001) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists, and orgasm (t=-3.426, P<0.01) in narcissists was less than in healthy persons. However, there was no significant difference between sexual pleasure in both groups (t=-0.866, P=0.393). Conclusion: The results show that prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in narcissists is more than healthy persons. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists consider personality traits in diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The regulation defines patients' rights as a reflection of fundamental human rights in the field of medicine and incorporates all elements of patients' rights accepted in international texts. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between patients' safety, medical errors and patients' safety rights with patients' security feeling in selected hospitals of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Design/methodology/approach: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals of Mazandaran Province in public, social and private hospitals in 2016. In total, 1,083 patients were randomly selected for the study. The developed tool (questionnaire) was used for data collection. Questionnaire validity was verified through experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's α coefficient (95 percent). Data were analyzed through multiple regressions by SPSS software (version 21). Findings: The findings of this paper showed that the mean (standard deviation) medical error, patient's safety, patient's rights and patient's security feeling were 2.50±0.61, 2.22±0.67, 2.11±0.68 and 2.73±0.63, respectively. Correlation testing results showed that medical error, patient's safety and patient's rights simultaneously had a significant relation with patient's security feeling in the selected hospitals (p<0.05). Originality/value: A simultaneous correlation between patient's safety, patient's rights and medical errors with patient's security feeling in social security hospitals was higher than other hospitals. Hence, the authorities and officials of hospitals and healthcare centers were advised to make effective attempts to perceive the patient's safety, medical errors and patient's rights to improve the patient's security feeling and calmness and also to make better decisions to promote the healthcare and therapeutic services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective well-being (SWB) has been widely found to have a profound impact on the individual, yet the process of its occurrence in public organizations remains unexplored. So the primary purpose of this paper is to explore the determining factors affecting the process of employee's subjective well-being in public organizations using mixed methods research. Qualitative analysis using the grounded theory methodology reveals the effective factors that affect the process of employee's subjective well-being in public organizations. Quantitative hypotheses are then developed based on a qualitative investigation. Survey data were collected from employees of public organizations in one of the provinces of Iran. Analysis of Moment Structure is used for data analysis. The results of the research revealed that both individual and organizational factors (as causal factors) influence the employees' subjective well-being process (life satisfaction and positive affect). This phenomenon leads to the use of strategies which are affected by intervening and contextual factors. The consequences of this process are to change the attitude and behavior of individuals and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This paper is among the first known to examine subjective well-being in public organizations using mixed methods research. The mixed methods approach offers a better insight to understanding effective factors affecting subjective well-being compared to the use of either a qualitative or quantitative method alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a new self-report measure of perfectionism: the Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS). Following preliminary psychometric evidence for a 20-item SRPS (Besharat, 2017), the present investigation examined the structure of the SRPS using exploratory factor analysis in study 1 (368 students: 181 men, 187 women) and confirmatory factor analysis in study 2 (384 community adults: 189 men, 195 women) in Iran. After exploratory factor analysis, we retained 14 items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the SRPS-14's unidimensionality and invariance across sex and sample type. The SRPS-14's internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity including criterion, convergent, incremental, and discriminant were examined. The results provided preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the SRPS-14 as a measure of spiritual/religious perfectionism. It should be noted that the English-language translation of the items presented in this paper has not yet been validated in an English-speaking sample, but should be validated in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in modern health-care systems complementing state organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the challenges of NGOs' participation in Iran's health-care system. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 26 participants: 11 managers and experts at the office of NGOs in the Ministry of Health (MOH) and universities of medical sciences and 15 chief executive officers (CEOs) of health-related NGOs in Tehran, Iran. The participants were chosen using the non-probabilistic approach of purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method and MAXQDA 10 software. Findings: Challenges of NGOs' participation in Iran's health-care system are categorized into external and internal challenges. Financial issues, the process of getting permissions, lack of trust in NGOs, weak relationships with the public sector and lack of law are identified as main challenges. Building trust in NGOs, passing the NGOs' law, making people more familiar with NGOs and capacity development are the most important measures that improve the role of NGOs and resolve barriers to their participation in Iran's health-care system. Originality/value: In this study, for the first time, the challenges of NGOs' participation in Iran's health-care system are investigated by examining the views of both the public sector and NGOs. Improving the participation of NGOs in the health-care system provides Iran's MOH with the opportunity to make use of the NGOs' capacities to eliminate public health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the application and effectiveness of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in teaching academic writing to Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners by means of Microsoft Word Office. To this end, 44 sophomore intermediate university students majoring in English Language and Literature at an Iranian university who had enrolled in a course called Advanced Writing were randomly divided into two groups. As a pre-test, a pen-and-paper writing task was given to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The control group including 24 male and female students was taught based on traditional approach while the experimental group including 20 male and female students was taught based on CALL. At the end of one semester, a pen-and-paper writing task was given to both groups. The results of the post-test revealed that the students who were exposed to computer-based instruction outperformed their counterparts in terms of using appropriate articles, tense, plural forms and spelling. Moreover, the students in the experimental group produced paragraphs of higher quality. The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of computer-based instruction in the development of EFL learners' writing skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Accurate scientific planning and societal macro policies require reviewing and evaluating research output. Scientometrics offers a valuable approach for assessing the activity of journals that publish a majority of scientific productions. This study aims to analyze the scientific activity of the Iranian Rehabilitation Journal (IRJ) by examining its publication history in the Scopus database. Methods: This bibliometric analysis adopts a scientometrics approach and includes all documents published in IRJ indexed in the Scopus database. Data collection and analysis were performed using VOSviewer and Excel software. Results: IRJ has been active since 2003, initially publishing seven articles in the Scopus database. The journal boasts an H-index 11 and has produced 701 documents over 20 years. The citation score for the journal in 2022 was approximately 0.6. The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences had the highest number of affiliated articles (n=395). The most productive author was “Dadkhah” with 42 documents; the most cited author was “Masah”. Most documents are articles written in English, and the most frequently used keyword is “Rehabilitation”. Discussion: This study offers an overview of the status of IRJ, indicating an increasing trend in the number of documents published and citations received since its establishment. The research findings can serve as a road map for researchers in the field of rehabilitation, providing valuable insights for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Dentistry is an important profession ensuring the health of body and soul, and has a special place in the scientific productions of medical disciplines. The purpose of this study was to analyze the co-citation and word co-occurrence of Iranian research papers in the field of dentistry based on indexed documents in Web of Science from 2014 to 2018. Materials and Methods: The present study follows the procedures related to quantitative research with a descriptive approach and a scientometric technique. Co-citation and cooccurrence analysis techniques were used. In this study, 1079 articles were reviewed from the Web of Science. Data analysis was performed Ucinet Software, and VOS viewer. Results: Iran has the highest level of international cooperation with the United States. The highest number of published articles in the Web of Science Database belongs to Vahid Derakhshani based on the highest degree of centrality, the Eigen centrality, and the Betweenness centrality. Naser Amin Abadi ranked first for the Closeness Centrality metric, and Massoud Peirokh with a citation weight of 20 had the highest citation. The field of surgery has received the most attention among dental and endodontics journal had the highest citation in the Iranian Dental Science Citation Network. Conclusion: The trend of publishing scientific articles in Iran in the field of dentistry has been increasing during the selected period. The keywords oral, dental, and pediatric surgery have the most effective and decisive role in the scientific network of dentistry. These keywords provided strong scientific communication amongst the dental scholars in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, children have faced limitations in their playing surrounding, that can affect their cognitive operation. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of all types of attitudes into the outdoor playings on childrens cognitive flexibility during Covid-19 home quarantine. Method: This paper was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of three hundred female students by the mean age of the 9 to 11 were participated in this study voluntarily by sampling method. Participants were selected from a school in Tehrans 19th district in 2020-2021 academic year. An online survey using a structural questionnaire createing by Google forms were used for data collecting. The online questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, Childrens Cognitive Flexibility, and Parents Attitudes into the outdoor and playings and playing in nature. Variance analysing were used to analyze the data and Tukey's post hoc test were used to Locate the differences. SPSS25 were used for data analysing. Results: The analysis of variance resulted in a significant difference between the mean cognitive flexibility of those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature compared to a negative attitude towards playing in nature (p=0.001). The results showed a better cognitive flexibility in those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature. Conclusion: Positive or negative attitude of parents towards outdoor playings has an effect on childrens cognitive flexibility during home quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The increasing prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global crisis that leads to physical and psychological outcomes for health-care workers, so this study aims to investigate the mental health outcomes (including general health, generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder) in health-care workers in Rafsanjan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach: By using convenience sampling, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 332 health-care workers working in public hospitals in southern Iran. Data collection lasted from March to April 2020. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and Impact of Event Scale were used to collect data. The data were then analyzed by using SPSS 25 and descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and multivariate logistic regression). Findings: In total 45.5% of the participants had psychological disorder according to GHQ. In addition, 25.3% of the participants had GAD and 31.6% had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results using multivariate logistic regression showed that only income was significantly associated with psychological disorders (95% confidence interval for odds ratio: 1.32–6.45, P = 0.008). Practical implications: According to the results, the incidence of GAD and PTSD was high among health-care workers. Therefore, it is recommended that the psychological skills of health-care workers be strengthened through counseling and training programs. Originality/value: This paper provides a novel analysis of mental health in health-care workers in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Training clinical students who learn the theoretical lessons in hospitals in practice will play an important role in improving treatment processes and providing better services to patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the quality of clinical education in hospitals in Saveh City. Methods & Materials This research is a combination of exploratory studies and exploratory projects. In the qualitative stage, the qualitative method of Grand Strauss and Corbyn 1998 was used to explain the quality of clinical training. Since the students who have taken clinical courses in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Saveh Hospitals in 1398-1397 are about 200 people and the professors and educators who teach these people are about 20 people, which according to Karajsi and Morgan, the sample size should be 140, of which 20 were interviewed and 120 were filled out with paper and electronic questionnaires. In this study, semi-structured interviews, and a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.598 were selected as the data collection method. This research was performed using the qualitative method and using MAZQDA 10 and SPSS 26 software, the items obtained from qualitative research were collected and exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factors. Ethical Considerations Considering that this study is one of the research priorities of Saveh School of Medical Sciences, it has a research license letter (No. 24.127. D.99). Results The results showed that the factors affecting the quality of clinical education include five factors. The first factor is space and facilities, the second factor is the improvement of educational processes, the third factor is educational and managerial deficiencies, the fourth factor is the evaluation of the teacher and the fifth factor is the qualitative improvement of education. Conclusion According to the quantitative and qualitative results of this study and by interviewing twenty experienced professors and student representatives, the factors affecting the quality of clinical education in Saveh hospitals were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Leadership is the ability to influence, guide and encourage employees to achieve organizational goals. Leadership has a significant role in organizations' success or failure. Thus, this paper aims to develop a model to elucidate leadership practices in the Iranian health-care organizations (HCOs). Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative approach was used in this study due to its explorative nature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 key managers and 30 professionals working at different HCOs. Inductive analysis was carried out using the grounded theory approach to develop an initial leadership model for HCOs. The proposed model subsequently was verified by an experts' panel. Findings: The proposed leadership model emerged from the Iranian HCOs encompasses six main categories: leader, followers, high-ups and peers, context, processes and outcomes. Leader, followers and contexts as main categories did also have further sub-categories. Research limitations/implications: Study findings are cautiously transferrable as it reflects the Iranian context. While the model was verified, it might still benefit from more and diverse views. Practical implications: This model can be used by health-care policymakers and managers for improving managers' leadership competencies and practices and enhancing health outcomes through motivating and mobilizing health-care resources toward achieving organizational goals. Originality/value: This study aims to give an answer for "what is the current status of leadership in Iranian HCOs?" and "how can we reinforce the strengths and address the weaknesses?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]