57,627 results
Search Results
102. Inter‐Test Comparison Between Filter Paper Absorbed Blood Eluate and Serum for Malaria Serology by Enzyme Immunoassay: An Operational Feasibility
- Author
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Sukla Biswas
- Subjects
Paper ,Immunodiffusion ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Immunology ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Serologic Tests ,Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ,Radial immunodiffusion ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analysis of Variance ,Filter paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Elution ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Malaria ,Protein Subunits ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Enzyme ,Immunoglobulin M ,chemistry ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunoassay ,Filtration - Abstract
Antimalarial IgG and IgM were detected by enzyme immunoassay in finger‐stick blood samples collected in capillary tubes and also spotted onto Whatman filter paper. Assay was performed in 92 blood samples obtained from 53 falciparum malaria patients, representing 23 fever cases (malaria negative) and 16 healthy individuals. A simple indirect ELISA was done using Plasmodium falciparum lysate and MSP119 peptide as antigens. Total IgG and IgM contents were also estimated in individual sera and filter paper eluate by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Assay results of both serum and filter paper eluates were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays for IgG measurement were comparable between serum and filter paper eluates (P
- Published
- 2004
103. Children’s Attributional Style From Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: Further Validation of the Paper-and-Pencil Versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview
- Author
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Sandra Yu Rueger, Beth A. Haines, and Christine Kerres Malecki
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Male ,Paper ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Writing ,Early adolescence ,Statistics as Topic ,Psychology, Child ,Factor structure ,Middle childhood ,Developmental psychology ,Helplessness, Learned ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Interview, Psychological ,Humans ,Child ,Applied Psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Analysis of Variance ,Depression ,Age Factors ,Cognition ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Attitude ,Convergent validity ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Attribution ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The psychometric properties of two paper-and-pencil versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview (i.e., CASI-I and CASI-II) were evaluated in a sample of 166 third and fourth graders and a sample of 245 sixth and seventh graders. The results demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and a factor structure that was consistent with theory in both samples. Furthermore, analyses demonstrated adequate evidence of the reliability and validity of several dimensional subscale scores and the composite measures of attributional style for both positive and negative events. These results suggest the utility of the CASI in research testing specific attributional predictions of cognitive theories of depression with the dimensional subscale scores. They further add to the literature by demonstrating item-level factor analytic support for a children’s attributional style measure and the feasibility of administration sizes larger than previously tested, which add to the utility of the CASI in large-scale research designs.
- Published
- 2009
104. Measurement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I During Military Operational Stress via a Filter Paper Blood Spot Assay
- Author
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Mark D. Kellogg, M. Javad Khosravi, D M. Pietila, Bradley C. Nindl, Anastasia Diamandi, Andrew J. Young, Joseph A. Alemany, and Scott J. Montain
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fingers ,Insulin-like growth factor ,Endocrinology ,Animal science ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Analysis of Variance ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Filter paper ,business.industry ,Blood separation ,Dietary intake ,Reproducibility of Results ,Surgery ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Military Personnel ,Energy expenditure ,Physical work ,Body Composition ,Regression Analysis ,Sample collection ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Stress, Psychological ,Blood sampling - Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is sensitive to nutritional stress and is reduced in soldiers during stressful field training. Methods have recently been developed to measure IGF-I from filter paper blood spots. Filter paper has advantages over traditional blood sampling in that neither blood separation equipment nor refrigeration is necessary after sample collection. This study determined whether filter paper blood spots collected in a field environment could measure IGF-I and subsequent changes during military operational stress. Thirty-four Marines participating in an 8-day military field exercise characterized by near-continuous physical work (total daily energy expenditure 17-25 MJ/day) and underfeeding (dietary intake 7.0 MJ/day) had blood samples taken on day 0, day 4, and day 8. IGF-I was measured by filter paper blood spot assays from fingertip blood samples and by conventional methods using serum. Correlation and measurement agreement were assessed. Blood spot (Day 0 152 +/- 6 ng mL(-1)Day 4 111 +/- 6 ng mL(-1)Day 8 74 +/- 4 ng mL(-1)) and serum IGF-I (Day 0 412 +/- 10 ng mL(-1)Day 4 258 +/- 14 ng mL(-1)Day 8 203 +/- 13 ng mL(-1)) concentrations declined (p0.05) progressively over the 8-day exercise. Overall, the two methods significantly (p0.05) correlated (r = 0.92); however, the blood spot values were on average 61% lower than serum, but could be used to predict serum values ( +/- 10%). IGF-I is a biomarker of metabolic status. The filter paper blood spot method for IGF-I detected reductions accompanying nutritional stress and may be of potential value for characterizing the IGF-I response when conventional blood sampling methods are not feasible.
- Published
- 2003
105. Not only cuticular lipids: First evidence of differences between foundresses and their daughters in polar substances in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus
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Stefano Turillazzi, Duccio Lambardi, and Leonardo Dapporto
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Paper wasp ,Analysis of Variance ,Polistes dominulus ,biology ,Physiology ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Wasps ,fungi ,Significant difference ,Zoology ,Hierarchy, Social ,Insect ,Complex Mixtures ,biology.organism_classification ,Italy ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Insect Science ,Animals ,Insect Proteins ,Medium molecular weight ,Female ,Polistes ,media_common - Abstract
Several studies have shown that differences in the relative abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons occur between reproductives and non-reproductives in many social insects. These differences also exist between Polistes dominulus foundresses and their first emerged daughters (usually indicated as workers), but they gradually disappear when workers from orphaned colonies develop their ovaries and assume a reproductive role in the colony. However, hydrocarbons are not the exclusive components of cuticular layer of wasps. Mass-spectrometry analysis of cuticular methanol extracts from Polistes paper wasps showed a complex pattern of polar substances, partly or totally proteinaceous in nature. We found that these compounds, ranging from 918 to 2679 Da, showed a clear caste differentiation between foundresses and their first emerged daughters (usually indicated as "workers"), both in queen-right and in orphaned colonies. Conversely to hydrocarbons, workers from orphaned colonies maintain a significant difference from foundresses in the pattern of the medium molecular weight (MW) polar compounds obtained by MALDI-TOF. On the basis of such results we hypothesize that a reliable cue to identify foundresses from daughters, and not only their reproductive status, may exist in Polistes wasps. Although the great majority of previous work on social insect communication has focused on cuticular hydrocarbons, our findings suggest that the medium MW component of cuticular substances may be involved in recognition.
- Published
- 2008
106. Creativity assessment: Comparability of the electronic and paper-and-pencil versions of the Wallach–Kogan Creativity Tests.
- Author
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Lau, Sing and Cheung, Ping Chung
- Subjects
CREATIVE ability testing ,CHINESE students ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,VERBAL behavior testing ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ELECTRONIC data processing - Abstract
Abstract: With a sample of Grade 4 Chinese students, the present study examined whether the electronic version was comparable to the paper-and-pencil version of the Wallach–Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT). It was found that the two versions generated similar patterns of reliability coefficients and inter-correlation coefficients for the eight creativity measures (verbal and figural fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, and unusualness). Results of MANOVA and subsequent ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences in the means of all the eight creativity measures assessed by the two versions. These results provided some preliminary evidences for the comparability of the two versions of the WKCT. The availability of the electronic version of the WKCT is in step with the rapid advances in test computerization and it will definitely facilitate creativity research and theorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. FROM COIN TOSSING TO ROCK-PAPER-SCISSORS AND BEYOND: A LOG-EXP GAP THEOREM FOR SELECTING A LEADER.
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FUCHS, MICHAEL, HSIEN-KUEI HWANG, and YOSHIAKI ITOH
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ROCK-paper-scissors (Game) ,EXPONENTIAL families (Statistics) ,ANALYSIS of variance ,MELLIN transform ,PERIODIC functions - Abstract
A class of games for finding a leader among a group of candidates is studied in detail. This class covers games based on coin tossing and rock-paper-scissors as special cases and its complexity exhibits similar stochastic behaviors: either of logarithmic mean and bounded variance or of exponential mean and exponential variance. Many applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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108. Brain transcriptomic analysis in paper wasps identifies genes associated with behaviour across social insect lineages
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Amy L. Toth, Gene E. Robinson, Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas, Kranthi Varala, Michael T. Henshaw, and Matthew E. Hudson
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Wasps ,Foraging ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Polistes metricus ,Research articles ,Genetic variation ,Animals ,Gene ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,General Environmental Science ,Comparative genomics ,Genetics ,Paper wasp ,Analysis of Variance ,Appetitive Behavior ,Behavior, Animal ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Reproduction ,Brain ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Bees ,Eusociality ,Gene expression profiling ,Social Dominance ,Female ,Illinois ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Comparative sociogenomics has the potential to provide important insights into how social behaviour evolved. We examined brain gene expression profiles of the primitively eusocial waspPolistes metricusand compared the results with a growing base of brain gene expression information for the advanced eusocial honeybee,Apis mellifera. We studied four female wasp groups that show variation in foraging/provisioning behaviour and reproductive status, using our newly developed microarray representing approximately 3248P. metricusgenes based on sequences generated from high-throughput pyrosequencing. We found differences in the expression of approximately 389 genes across the four groups. Pathways known fromDrosophila melanogasterto be related to lipid metabolism, heat and stress response, and various forms of solitary behaviour were associated with behavioural differences among wasps. Forty-five per cent of differentially expressed transcripts showed significant associations with foraging/provisioning status, and 14 per cent with reproductive status. By comparing these two gene lists with lists of genes previously shown to be differentially expressed in association with honeybee division of labour, we found a significant overlap of genes associated with foraging/provisioning, but not reproduction, across the two species. These results suggest common molecular roots for foraging division of labour in two independently evolved social insect species and the possibility of more lineage-specific roots of reproductive behaviour. We explore the implications of these findings for the idea that there is a conserved ‘genetic toolkit’ for division of labour across multiple lineages.
- Published
- 2010
109. Altered social behavior and sexual characteristics in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) living downstream of a paper mill
- Author
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Gunnar Toft, Erik Baatrup, and Louis J. Guillette
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Male ,Sexual characteristics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,complex mixtures ,Gambusia ,Cyprinodontiformes ,Animals ,Body Weights and Measures ,Testosterone ,Gonads ,Social Behavior ,education ,Effluent ,media_common ,Poeciliidae ,Analysis of Variance ,Sex Characteristics ,education.field_of_study ,Estradiol ,biology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Paper mill ,biology.organism_classification ,Spermatozoa ,Liver ,Florida ,Female ,Reproduction ,business ,Mosquitofish ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Several environmental contaminants have been found in paper mill effluent including substances with androgenic properties. The presence of androgenic substances in paper mill effluent was also indicated in the present study which demonstrated masculinized anal fins of female mosquitofish from the paper mill effluent contaminated Fenholloway River. In addition, when compared to the nearby Econfina River, which does not receive paper mill effluent, fewer females from the contaminated river were pregnant, they were smaller and their estradiol concentration exhibited greater variation. Males from the Fenholloway River and the Econfina River had similar sperm counts, but the testes were larger and greater variation in testosterone concentration was observed in male fish from the Fenholloway River. In males and females from the Fenholloway River, liver weights were increased and computer-aided behavior analysis demonstrated a reduction in their social behavior when compared to reference fish. We conclude that a number of sexual characteristics were affected in mosquitofish living in the paper mill contaminated Fenholloway River, with possible adverse effects on the reproduction of this population.
- Published
- 2004
110. Assessing negative priming by attended distractors in a paper-and-pencil task
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F.M. Rosin
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Immunology ,Biophysics ,Audiology ,Biochemistry ,Executive function ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Selective attention ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Analysis of Variance ,lcsh:R5-920 ,General Neuroscience ,Age Factors ,Cognition ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Negative priming ,Female ,Perception ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Psychology ,Paper-and-pencil tasks ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
The paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task for assessing negative priming (NP) was introduced, using a referent-size-selection procedure that was demonstrated to enhance the effect. NP is indicated by slower responses to recently ignored items, and proposed within the clinical-experimental framework as a major cognitive index of active suppression of distracting information, critical to executive functioning. The digit-comparison task requires circling digits of a list with digit-asterisk pairs (a baseline measure for digit-selection), and the larger of two digits in each pair of the unrelated (with different digits in successive digit-pairs) and related lists (in which the smaller digit subsequently became a target). A total of 56 students (18-38 years) participated in two experiments that explored practice effects across lists and demonstrated reliable NP, i.e., slowing to complete the related list relative to the unrelated list, (F(2, 44) = 52.42, P < 0.0001). A 3rd experiment examined age-related effects. In the paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task, NP was reliable for the younger (N = 8, 18-24 years) and middle-aged adults (N = 8, 31-54 years), but absent for the older group (N = 8, 68-77 years). NP was also reduced with aging in a computer-implemented digit-comparison task, and preserved in a task typically used to test location-specific NP, accounting for the dissociation between identity- and spatial-based suppression of distractors (Rao R(3, 12) = 16.02, P < 0.0002). Since the paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task can be administered easily, it can be useful for neuropsychologists seeking practical measures of NP that do not require cumbersome technical equipment.
- Published
- 2004
111. Electronic versus paper-based assessment of health-related quality of life specific to HIV disease: reliability study of the PROQOL-HIV questionnaire
- Author
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Christophe Lalanne, Cécile Goujard, Susan Herrmann, Jean-Paul Brosseau, Christian Cheung-Lung, Martin Duracinsky, Olivier Chassany, and Yannick Schwartz
- Subjects
Male ,020205 medical informatics ,Psychometrics ,Intraclass correlation ,HIV Infections ,02 engineering and technology ,User-Computer Interface ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic Health Records ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Reliability (statistics) ,Cross-Over Studies ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,electronic records ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,patient-reported outcomes ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Female ,Social psychology ,Adult ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Informatics ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Face validity ,Analysis of Variance ,Internet ,Original Paper ,reliability ,business.industry ,Computers ,Reproducibility of Results ,HIV ,Usability ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Confidence interval ,quality of life ,Physical therapy ,Self Report ,Outcomes research ,business - Abstract
Background: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (PRO) provide quick and usually reliable assessments of patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). Objective: An electronic version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life-human immunodeficiency virus (PROQOL-HIV) questionnaire was developed, and its face validity and reliability were assessed using standard psychometric methods. Methods: A sample of 80 French outpatients (66% male, 52/79; mean age 46.7 years, SD 10.9) were recruited. Paper-based and electronic questionnaires were completed in a randomized crossover design (2-7 day interval). Biomedical data were collected. Questionnaire version and order effects were tested on full-scale scores in a 2-way ANOVA with patients as random effects. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, with 95% confidence interval) for each dimension. Usability testing was carried out from patients’ survey reports, specifically, general satisfaction, ease of completion, quality and clarity of user interface, and motivation to participate in follow-up PROQOL-HIV electronic assessments. Results: Questionnaire version and administration order effects (N=59 complete cases) were not significant at the 5% level, and no interaction was found between these 2 factors ( P =.94). Reliability indexes were acceptable, with Pearson correlations greater than .7 and ICCs ranging from .708 to .939; scores were not statistically different between the two versions. A total of 63 (79%) complete patients’ survey reports were available, and 55% of patients (30/55) reported being satisfied and interested in electronic assessment of their HRQL in clinical follow-up. Individual ratings of PROQOL-HIV user interface (85%-100% of positive responses) confirmed user interface clarity and usability. Conclusions: The electronic PROQOL-HIV introduces minor modifications to the original paper-based version, following International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) ePRO Task Force guidelines, and shows good reliability and face validity. Patients can complete the computerized PROQOL-HIV questionnaire and the scores from the paper or electronic versions share comparable accuracy and interpretation. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(4):e115]
- Published
- 2014
112. Analysis of covariance in randomized trials: More precision and valid confidence intervals, without model assumptions.
- Author
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Wang B, Ogburn EL, and Rosenblum M
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- Computer Simulation, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Linear Models, Mental Disorders, Sample Size, Treatment Outcome, Analysis of Variance, Confidence Intervals, Models, Statistical, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
"Covariate adjustment" in the randomized trial context refers to an estimator of the average treatment effect that adjusts for chance imbalances between study arms in baseline variables (called "covariates"). The baseline variables could include, for example, age, sex, disease severity, and biomarkers. According to two surveys of clinical trial reports, there is confusion about the statistical properties of covariate adjustment. We focus on the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) estimator, which involves fitting a linear model for the outcome given the treatment arm and baseline variables, and trials that use simple randomization with equal probability of assignment to treatment and control. We prove the following new (to the best of our knowledge) robustness property of ANCOVA to arbitrary model misspecification: Not only is the ANCOVA point estimate consistent (as proved by Yang and Tsiatis, 2001) but so is its standard error. This implies that confidence intervals and hypothesis tests conducted as if the linear model were correct are still asymptotically valid even when the linear model is arbitrarily misspecified, for example, when the baseline variables are nonlinearly related to the outcome or there is treatment effect heterogeneity. We also give a simple, robust formula for the variance reduction (equivalently, sample size reduction) from using ANCOVA. By reanalyzing completed randomized trials for mild cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, and depression, we demonstrate how ANCOVA can achieve variance reductions of 4 to 32%., (© 2019, The International Biometric Society.)
- Published
- 2019
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113. The fuzzy tri-objective mean-semivariance-entropy portfolio model with layer-by-layer tolerance evaluation method paper.
- Author
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Deng, Xue, Song, Jian, Zhao, Junfeng, and Li, Zhongfei
- Subjects
- *
FUZZY sets , *PORTFOLIO management (Investments) , *ENTROPY (Information theory) , *ANALYSIS of variance , *FINANCIAL markets - Abstract
In a complex financial market, people pay more attention to the portfolio selection model in some fuzzy environment. Some properties and definitions of semivariance and entropy are given and proved in this paper. Then, the fuzzy tri-objective mean-semivariance-entropy portfolio model is proposed based on credibility theory when the return rates are fuzzy numbers. We present a novel layer-by-layer tolerance evaluation method to solve the proposed model in this paper. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the model and method proposed in this paper. There are two improvements in our proposed method: one is that the evaluation function idea is considered in the process of laying objective functions; the other is that the preference degree and subjective wills are presented by tolerant amounts of objective function values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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114. Comparative study of electronic vs. paper VAS ratings: a randomized, crossover trial using healthy volunteers
- Author
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Robert N. Jamison, Nathaniel P. Katz, Jonathan G. Levine, Stephen A. Raymond, David Fram, Margaret Daly, Barbara Marino, Timothy J. Herrmann, and Richard H. Gracely
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual analogue scale ,Pain ,Sensory system ,Audiology ,Correlation ,Bias ,Psychophysics ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal Rating Scale ,Pain Measurement ,Analysis of Variance ,Cross-Over Studies ,Middle Aged ,Crossover study ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology ,Computers, Handheld ,Personal computer ,Female ,Electronic data ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
The visual analogue scale (VAS) is an established, validated, self-report measure usually consisting of a 10 cm line on paper with verbal anchors labeling the ends. Palmtop computers (PTCs also known as personal digital appliances) have incorporated VAS entry by use of a touch screen. However, the validity and psychophysical properties of the electronic VAS have never been formally compared with the conventional paper VAS. The aim of this study is to determine the agreement between the electronic (eVAS) and paper (pVAS) modes. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Each study participant provided input using both measurement methods by marking the eVAS and pVAS in response to two kinds of stimuli, cognitive and sensory. A verbal rating scale of seven descriptors of intensity represented the cognitive stimuli. Participants were asked to mark the location that best corresponded to the pain intensity described by each word on scales from 'no pain' to 'worst possible pain'. The sensory stimuli used were a set of test weights consisting of plastic containers ranging from 7 to 129 g. The VAS for sensory stimuli ranged from 0 (no weight) to 'reference weight' (the heaviest weight outside the range of test weights). There were two types of input stimuli and two modes for recording responses for a total of four experimental conditions. Two evaluators independently measured and recorded all the pVAS forms to the nearest millimeter. A total of 2016 stimuli were rated. The overall correlation for ratings of both sensory and cognitive stimuli on eVAS and pVAS was r = 0.91. For paired verbal stimuli the correlation was r = 0.97. For paired sensory stimuli the correlation was r = 0.86. The correlation between group eVAS and pVAS ratings to common verbal stimuli was r = 0.99. For common sensory stimuli the group correlation was r = 0.99. The median of correlations comparing eVAS and pVAS ratings was 0.99 for verbal stimuli and 0.98 for sensory stimuli. Multivariate analyses showed equivalent stimuli to be rated much the same whether entered on paper VAS or PTC touch screen VAS (P < 0.0001). Support was found for the validity of the computer version of the VAS scale.
- Published
- 2002
115. The (Mis)use of One-Way ANOVA Testing in Sociology Research Papers and Their Implications
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Nancy Yang
- Subjects
One-way analysis of variance ,Mathematics education ,Sociology ,Analysis of variance - Published
- 2019
116. Investigation of photochemical machining characteristics of stainless steel AISI 304 via novel PCM equipment design
- Author
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Tunç, Murat, Gökkaya, Hasan, Sur, Gökhan, and Motorcu, Ali Riza
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- 2022
- Full Text
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117. PRE-FLOCCULATION OF PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE FILLER BY CATIONIC STARCH FOR HIGHLY FILLED MECHANICAL GRADE PAPER.
- Author
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Yizhou Sang, McQuaid, Michael, and Englezos, Peter
- Subjects
- *
FLOCCULATION , *CALCIUM carbonate , *MECHANICAL pulping process , *PAPERMAKING , *FLOCCULANTS , *PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
Three commercial starches were evaluated in conjunction with colloidal silica and flocculant to retain precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler. A unique feature of this study was the fact that the filler was pre-flocculated by a portion of starch (2kg starch/t PCC) and the rest of the starch was added after the flocculant but before the silica. The pulp used was peroxide bleached thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP). A statistical design methodology was employed and empirical process models were constructed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results. The models were then employed to predict the retention and drainage. It was found that the high-charged cationic starch gave the highest retention and best drainage performance. The high-charged cationic starch S880 also resulted in stronger paper, probably because of the larger and stronger flocs produced and its higher affinity with the fiber and fines. Finally, pre-flocculation was found to provide stronger paper compared with a conventional starch/retention aid addition sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
118. Research Paper: The Comparison of Lecture-Based and Web-Based Education on Nursing Students' Learning in the Management of Radiation Injuries.
- Author
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Pishgooie, Amir Hosein, Aliyari, Shahla, Baniyaghoobi, Faeze, Sharififar, Simintaj, and Dadgari, Ali
- Subjects
- *
RADIATION injuries , *ONLINE education , *NURSING students , *ANALYSIS of variance , *T-test (Statistics) , *MILITARY nurses - Abstract
Background: Extensive application of radioactive materials to medical and military purposes justifies the necessity of training military nurse students regarding the management of radiation injury. The current study aimed at comparing the effect of two methods (lecture and webbased) of training on the management of radiation-injured patients among military nurse students from 2013 to 2014. Materials and Methods: The current semi-experimental study was conducted on 60 military nursing students in two military nursing schools in Tehran, Iran selected purposively. Subjects of the study were divided into two groups of 30 as lecture and web-based teaching. The effect of education was measured on three levels of knowledge, comprehension, and application; before, immediately after, and four weeks after completion of teaching. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 21, using Repeated Measures (RM)-ANOVA and t-test. Results: Mean and standard deviation of scores in all learning levels (knowledge, comprehension, and application) in both groups had a significant difference between before and after the intervention (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the total mean scores of the two groups before intervention. In the post-test, immediately after training, mean scores of the web-based group had a greater increase, but no significant difference was observed (P=0.12). In the retention stage (four weeks after training), it was observed that the lecture-based method was more effective (P=0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, learning increased in both methods . Therefore, it is recommended to use the combined teaching method to educate nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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119. Reseach Paper: The Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment of Iranian Emergency Nurses.
- Author
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Hashempour, Reza, Ghahremanlou, Hasan Hosseinpour, Etemadi, Sina, and Poursadeghiyan, Mohsen
- Subjects
- *
QUALITY of work life , *ORGANIZATIONAL commitment , *EMERGENCY nursing , *JOB performance , *ANALYSIS of variance , *EMERGENCY nurses - Abstract
Background: Quality of work life depends on a combination of variables in the work environment that has an important impact on organizational commitment, work participation, and job performance. Therefore, measuring two variables of quality of work life and organizational commitment is important for all employees of organizations, including emergency nurses, who are important members of the health service community. This study aimed to determine the relationship between quality of work life and organizational commitment among Iranian emergency nurses. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and correlational study was conducted in 2016. The study population included all emergency nurses working in one of the hospitals of Kerman Province, Iran. The data collection tool was the personal and occupational questionnaire, Walton quality of work life questionnaire, and Allen and Meier organizational commitment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive tests, the Pearson correlation and ANOVA statistics tests in SPSS V. 23. Results: The results showed that the quality of work life has a positive and significant relationship (r=0.49, P=0.017) with organizational commitment. More specifically, quality of work life is related to emotional commitment (r=0.44, P=0.001), normative commitment (r=0.40, P=0.003) and continuous commitment (r=0.33, P=0.015). Conclusion: Since the higher quality of work life brings more commitment for employees, managers can improve the essential components of working life quality of nurses by adopting appropriate solutions, and providing the necessary conditions for improving the quality of service provision and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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120. School Reform and the Transition to Middle School.
- Author
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Anderman, Eric M.
- Abstract
This paper presents findings of a study that used goal orientation theory as a guiding framework for a collaborative effort with middle school principals, teachers, and parents over a 3-year period. The intervention sought to change policies and practices so that they would reflect more of a task-goal orientation and less of an ability-goal orientation. The study assessed students' perceptions of the goal emphases in their classrooms; their personal orientation to task, ability, and extrinsic goals; their reported use of deep processing strategies; and their academic efficacy beliefs in mathematics and English 1 year before the transition to middle school and again at the end of the sixth and seventh grades in both the "demonstration" school and a comparison school. Fifth-grade students scheduled to attend the demonstration school and students scheduled to attend the comparison school demonstrated no differences on any of the measures. After the transition, students in the demonstration school exhibited a more positive profile of personal goals, efficacy beliefs, and perceptions of the classroom goal structure than did students in the comparison school. Results are discussed in terms of implications for middle school reform and with regard to the use of goal-orientation theory to guide school reform efforts. Five figures and four tables are included. (Contains 71 references.) (LMI)
- Published
- 1996
121. School Contexts, Principal Characteristics, and Instructional Leadership Effectiveness: A Statistical Analysis.
- Author
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Zheng, Henry Y.
- Abstract
This paper presents findings of a study that examined how principals' instructional management behaviors are conditioned by contextual factors such as principals' personal characteristics, school district conditions, and other external factors. The study used the instructional leadership model advocated by S. T. Bassart, D. C. Dwyer, R. Rowan and G. V. Lee (1982) to analyze the national database available from the Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS) established by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Findings suggest that a number of contextual factors significantly influenced principals' effectiveness in instructional management. Overall, factors such as gender, age, education, work experience, school size, urbanicity, and percentage of minority enrollment were tested as significantly related to principals' perceived effectiveness in instructional leadership, either positively or negatively. Some factors that were previously assumed to be important factors were found to be insignificant. For example, principals' training, their academic major in education administration, their school's cultural diversity, and affluence level of students' families did not seem to affect principals' instructional management behaviors. Thirteen tables and one figure are included. (Contains 38 references.) (LMI)
- Published
- 1996
122. Year-Round School: Are There Student Differences?
- Author
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Knudson, Ruth E.
- Abstract
Most research on year-round education has focused on the effectiveness of year-round versus traditional-calendar schools. This paper presents findings of a study that examined student differences within a year-round elementary school by attendance cohorts (tracks). Specifically, the study sought to determine track differences in writing achievement. The data were collected from 430 students in grades 2-6 in a southern California elementary school, who were asked to respond to a writing prompt. Students' responses were analyzed by a general linear analysis of variance approach, with track, gender, and grade as the independent variables and writing score as the dependent variable. Findings indicate that students in track A performed significantly better than their counterparts in tracks B and C. Students in track A wrote better with increasing grade level, and students in tracks B and C did not show improvement with increasing grade level. Girls scored higher than boys, and older students received higher scores than did younger students. The higher level of student performance in track A, which featured a more traditional schedule, may have been associated with higher levels of parent interest in their children's placement and the tendency of students to remain in that track. Two tables are included. The appendix contains the scoring guide. (LMI)
- Published
- 1995
123. Randomised trial comparing the recording ability of a novel, electronic emergency documentation system with the AHA paper cardiac arrest record
- Author
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Eliot B. Grigg, Jeffrey Grigg, Bala G. Nair, A. S. C. Palmer, Peter Oppenheimer, Axel Roesler, Brian C. Ross, and Tim Wu
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Documentation system ,Documentation ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Mean difference ,Medicine ,Humans ,Electronic systems ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Repeated measures design ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Heart Arrest ,Data quality ,Pulseless electrical activity ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Noise (video) ,Forms and Records Control ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital - Abstract
Objective To evaluate the ability of an electronic system created at the University of Washington to accurately document prerecorded VF and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) cardiac arrest scenarios compared with the American Heart Association paper cardiac arrest record. Methods 16 anaesthesiology residents were randomly assigned to view one of two prerecorded, simulated VF and PEA scenarios and asked to document the event with either the paper or electronic system. Each subject then repeated the process with the other video and documentation method. Five types of documentation errors were defined: (1) omission, (2) specification, (3) timing, (4) commission and (5) noise. The mean difference in errors between the paper and electronic methods was analysed using a single factor repeated measures ANOVA model. Results Compared with paper records, the electronic system omitted 6.3 fewer events (95% CI −10.1 to −2.5, p=0.003), which represents a 28% reduction in omission errors. Users recorded 2.9 fewer noise items (95% CI −5.3 to −0.6, p=0.003) when compared with paper, representing a 36% decrease in redundant or irrelevant information. The rate of timing (Δ=−3.2, 95% CI −9.3 to 3.0, p=0.286) and commission (Δ=−4.4, 95% CI −9.4 to 0.5, p=0.075) errors were similar between the electronic system and paper, while the rate of specification errors were about a third lower for the electronic system when compared with the paper record (Δ=−3.2, 95% CI −6.3 to −0.2, p=0.037). Conclusions Compared with paper documentation, documentation with the electronic system captured 24% more critical information during a simulated medical emergency without loss in data quality.
- Published
- 2013
124. Canadian boreal pulp and paper feedstocks contain neuroactive substances that interact in vitro with GABA and dopaminergic systems in the brain
- Author
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Ammar Saleem, Deborah L. MacLatchy, Vance L. Trudeau, Milestone Craig Brennan, Malar Annal, Andrew Waye, Gabriel Picard, L. Mark Hewitt, Frédéric Harnois, Andrew Tang, John T. Arnason, and José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Subjects
Paper ,Canada ,Environmental Engineering ,Monoamine oxidase ,Glutamate decarboxylase ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,GABA transaminase ,Goldfish ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Monoamine Oxidase ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Analysis of Variance ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Plant Extracts ,Dopaminergic Neurons ,Dopaminergic ,Brain ,Pollution ,Black spruce ,Neurosecretory Systems ,3. Good health ,Rats ,Isoeugenol ,Tracheophyta ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Phytochemical ,Scintillation Counting ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pulp and paper wood feedstocks have been previously implicated as a source of chemicals with the ability to interact with or disrupt key neuroendocrine endpoints important in the control of reproduction. We tested nine Canadian conifers commonly used in pulp and paper production as well as 16 phytochemicals that have been observed in various pulp and paper mill effluent streams for their ability to interact in vitro with the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), and bind to the benzodiazepine-binding site of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-BZD). These neuroendocrine endpoints are also important targets for treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, epilepsy, or depression. MAO and GAD were inhibited by various conifer extracts of different polarities, including major feedstocks such as balsam fir, black spruce, and white spruce. MAO was selectively stimulated or inhibited by many of the tested phytochemicals, with inhibition observed by a group of phenylpropenes (e.g. isoeugenol and vanillin). Selective GAD inhibition was also observed, with all of the resin acids tested being inhibitory. GABA(A)-BZD ligand displacement was also observed. We compiled a table identifying which of these phytochemicals have been described in each of the species tested here. Given the diversity of conifer species and plant chemicals with these specific neuroactivities, it is reasonable to propose that MAO and GAD inhibition reported in effluents is phytochemical in origin. We propose disruption of these neuroendocrine endpoints as a possible mechanism of reproductive inhibition, and also identify an avenue for potential research and sourcing of conifer-derived neuroactive natural products.
- Published
- 2013
125. Extracts from hardwood trees used in commercial paper mills contain biologically active neurochemical disruptors
- Author
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John T. Arnason, Vance L. Trudeau, Niladri Basu, and Andrew Waye
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Monoamine oxidase ,Glutamate decarboxylase ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Trees ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Radioligand Assay ,Neurotransmitter receptor ,Goldfish ,Aspartic acid ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Receptor ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Transaminases ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Analysis of Variance ,GABAA receptor ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Plant Extracts ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Pulp (paper) ,Brain ,Receptors, GABA-A ,Pollution ,Receptors, Muscarinic ,Wood ,Receptors, Neurotransmitter ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,North America ,engineering ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Plant Bark ,Juglone ,Naphthoquinones - Abstract
Following on our discovery that pulp and paper mill effluents can interact with, and disrupt, various neurotransmitter receptors and enzymes important to fish reproduction, we tested wood and bark extracts of 14 Eastern North American hardwood trees used in pulp and paper production. Radioligand binding to neurotransmitter receptors, including the dopamine-2 receptor (D2), the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA(A)), N -methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mACh-R), were significantly changed following in vitro incubations with many but not all extracts. Activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO), GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were also significantly altered. Butternut wood extracts and the isolated compound juglone significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities of MAO and GAD which we suggest may be part of a mechanism that may negatively affect fish reproduction. Besides giving credence to the hypothesis that neuroactive compounds in pulp and paper effluent may originate in the trees used by mills, the results reported here also indicate important neuropharmacological activities in hardwoods which may help identify new sources of biologically active natural products.
- Published
- 2011
126. The Gender Differential Effects of a Procedural Plan for Solving Mathematical Word Problems.
- Author
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Zambo, Ron and Hess, Robert
- Abstract
The majority of research investigating gender-related differences in problem-solving ability has focused on the product of word problem solving--the problem solution. This paper reports an investigation of potential gender-related effects on sixth-graders of an explicitly stated problem-solving plan. Two versions of the test were given: the formatted form, containing the seven steps of a problem-solving plan on each of the pages, with space for student work; and the unformatted form, containing only the word problems. Three classes of students (n=73) were administered the formatted test first, followed by the unformatted version. The remaining three classes of students (n=82) were administered the unformatted version first, followed by the formatted version. Females and males did equally well on both forms of a four-item problem-solving test. Students scored significantly higher on posttests that included the problem-solving plan. It was concluded that females benefited from free exploration of problem situations followed by an organized exploration. Contains 24 references. (MKR)
- Published
- 1994
127. Optimization of the oxalate catalyzed photoelectro-Fenton process under visible light for removal of Reactive Red 195 using a carbon paper cathode.
- Author
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Djafarzadeh, N., Zarei, M., Behjati, B., and Khataee, A.
- Subjects
- *
OXALATES , *CATALYSIS , *PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY , *VISIBLE spectra , *CARBON paper , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
The decolorization of Reactive Red 195 (RR195) by the oxalate catalyzed photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process using carbon paper electrode as a cathode under visible light was studied. Comparison between electro-Fenton (EF), PEF, and PEF/oxalate processes for the removal of RR195 showed that color removal follows in decreasing order: PEF/oxalate > PEF > EF. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of the four main independent parameters (initial dye, oxalate and Fe concentrations, and reaction time) on decolorization efficiency. A high coefficient of determination value ( R = 0.963) has resulted from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum values of the initial Fe concentration, the initial amount of oxalate, the initial dye concentration, and the reaction time were found to be 0.3 mM, 0.6 mM, 20 mg/L, and 120 min, respectively. A high decolorization efficiency (>93 %) was experimentally obtained for RR195 under the established optimum conditions. The response surface plots were employed to establish the effect of experimental parameters on the decolorization efficiency. These results clearly indicated the success of RSM as a suitable method for optimizing the operating conditions. The mineralization of the dye was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) measurement. 96.2 % mineralization of 50 mg/L RR195 was observed at 9 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. Do the Influences of Effective Elementary Schools Endure?
- Author
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Cross, Ray
- Abstract
During the 1980s, considerable attention was given to the influence of "effective" elementary schools on students' school achievement. Effective schools were typically defined as those with certain characteristics that had been found to be positively correlated with student achievement scores. This paper presents findings of a longitudinal study that investigated whether students who attended effective elementary schools maintained their high achievement scores during their middle-school years. The study compared student outcomes of two elementary schools officially recognized as effective and those of two regular elementary schools in one urban school district. Graduates of all four elementary schools progressed to the same middle school. Sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-graders who had graduated from the four elementary schools were compared on the basis of achievement test scores, honor roll membership, and annual number of absences. Findings indicate that the test score advantage demonstrated by graduates of the effective elementary schools tended to dissipate as students advanced into secondary school. In addition, school status had no statistically significant effect on honor roll membership or absenteeism. Possible explanations for the results include: (1) five years of effective schooling is not enough time to make a difference in subjct matter achievement growth; (2) there is a disjuncture between elementary and secondary subject matter; (3) test scores are inadequate to measure all levels and kinds of knowledge; and (4) the research design may be flawed. Ten tables are included. (LMI)
- Published
- 1994
129. Rethinking testing mode: Should I offer my next chemistry test on paper or computer?
- Author
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Prisacari, Anna Agripina and Danielson, Jared
- Subjects
- *
CHEMISTRY students , *EXAMINATIONS , *ACADEMIC achievement , *ANALYSIS of variance , *CHEMISTRY education - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare student performance on two proctored quizzes and one practice test taken in paper-based or computer-based testing mode using an equal number of algorithmic, conceptual, and definition questions to examine the effect of testing mode when students take multiple tests in class. Data were collected from 221 students enrolled in a general chemistry course at a Midwestern university. After learning the material in lecture, students completed two quizzes: Quiz 1 and Quiz 2. One quiz was delivered on paper and another quiz was taken on computer. Each quiz tested student understanding of different chemistry concepts and the quizzes were proctored on different days. Several days after Quiz 2, students took a practice test that tested the knowledge of Quiz 1 and Quiz 2 with different yet similar questions, and again, the testing mode of the practice test was either paper-and-pencil or computer. After each quiz and the practice test, students received feedback on their performance. Differences in performance between the quizzes and the practice test were measured with normalized gains and the differences between the normalized gains for each condition were analyzed using an Analysis of Variance. The results showed no significant testing mode effects among the four conditions overall, or for algorithmic, conceptual, or definition type of questions. Altogether, the results of the present study do not provide evidence to suggest that instructors need to be concerned about testing mode (paper versus computer) when designing and administering chemistry tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
130. WASP (Write a Scientific Paper) using Excel 9: Analysis of variance
- Author
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Victor Grech
- Subjects
Analysis of Variance ,Biomedical Research ,Computer science ,business.industry ,education ,Microsoft excel ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Biostatistics ,Medical Writing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software ,030225 pediatrics ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Statistics ,Analysis of variance ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Statistical hypothesis testing - Abstract
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be required by researchers as an inferential statistical test when more than two means require comparison. This paper explains how to perform ANOVA in Microsoft Excel.
- Published
- 2018
131. Isolation and characterization of alkalotolerant bacteria and optimization of process parameters for decolorization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by Taguchi approach
- Author
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Monika Mishra and Indu Shekhar Thakur
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Color ,Industrial Waste ,Bioengineering ,Bacillus ,Biology ,engineering.material ,Alkalies ,complex mixtures ,Microbiology ,Lignin ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Manganese peroxidase ,Environmental Chemistry ,Effluent ,Phylogeny ,Analysis of Variance ,Waste management ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Reproducibility of Results ,Paper mill ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Adaptation, Physiological ,chemistry ,Xylanase ,engineering ,Comet Assay ,business ,Black liquor ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Four different bacterial strains were isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge in which one alkalotolerant isolate (LP1) having higher capability to remove color and lignin, was identified as Bacillus sp. by 16S RNA sequencing. Optimization of process parameters for decolorization was initially performed to select growth factors which were further substantiated by Taguchi approach in which seven factors, % carbon, % black liquor, duration, pH, temperature, stirring and inoculum size, at two levels, applying L-8 orthogonal array were taken. Maximum color was removed at pH 8, temperature 35°C, stirring 200 rpm, sucrose (2.5%), 48 h, 5% (w/v) inoculum size and 10% black liquor. After optimization 2-fold increase in color and lignin removal from 25–69% and 28–53%, respectively, indicated significance of Taguchi approach in decolorization and delignification of lignin in pulp and paper mill effluent. Enzymes involved in the process of decolorization of effluent were found to be xylanase (54 U/ml) and manganese peroxidase (28 U/ml). Treated effluent was also evaluated for toxicity by Comet assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 36 as model organism, which indicated 58% reduction after treatment by bacterium.
- Published
- 2009
132. Optimization of ink consumption in screen printing within color difference limits.
- Author
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Özdemir, Lutfi, Kurt, Mustafa Batuhan, Akgül, Ahmet, Oktav, Mehmet, and Nayci Duman, Mujgan
- Subjects
SCREEN process printing ,COLOR printing ,TAGUCHI methods ,INK ,ANALYSIS of variance ,POISSON regression - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to optimize the key parameters (mesh count, paper type and ink type) in screen printing, which are affecting the printed ink volume. The objective of the optimization was to maximize the color reliability by decreasing the color difference (ΔE value) of the prints while minimizing the ink consumption. Screen printing is still dominating the printing industry to make cost-effective production when high volumes are needed. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment was designed using the Taguchi method, and the samples were prepared with screen-printing by using the standard squeegee angle and pressure. The effect of mesh count, ink type and paper type on ink consumption was evaluated with using analysis of variances and main effects plots of S/N ratio and standard deviation. Findings: The factors ink type, paper type and mesh count were found significant for ink consumption due to their Probability (P) values which were lower than 0.05. It was determined that the mesh count was the most critical variable with the analysis of variance. The analysis showed that the selection of an optimum mesh count was the key to controlling the amount of the deposited ink. Although mesh counts were inversely proportional with the ink consumptions, they did not affect the color differences as expected. Originality/value: The optimization of process parameters, that are most effective on the print quality, is necessary to minimize the ink usage and lower the costs and environmental impact without exceeding the desired ΔE value limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Evaluating the potential of effluents and wood feedstocks from pulp and paper mills in Brazil, Canada, and New Zealand to affect fish reproduction: chemical profiling and in vitro assessments
- Author
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A.H. Slade, Jagmohan Kohli, Douglas A. Holdway, D. Scott Smith, Rodrigo Orrego, Mark R. Servos, Brendan D. Smith, Philip D. Scott, Brian I. O'Connor, Tibor Kovacs, Heidi Engelhardt, Vance L. Trudeau, Tatiana Heid Furley, John T. Arnason, Andrew Waye, Milestone Craig Brennan, L. Mark Hewitt, and Deborah L. MacLatchy
- Subjects
Paper ,Canada ,Chromatography, Gas ,Elemental chlorine free ,Fish reproduction ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,engineering.material ,Endocrine Disruptors ,complex mixtures ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Goldfish ,Botany ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Effluent ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Waste Products ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Pulp (paper) ,Reproduction ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,In vitro toxicology ,Paper mill ,Estrogens ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Yeast ,Receptors, Androgen ,engineering ,business ,Kraft paper ,Brazil ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,New Zealand - Abstract
This study investigates factors affecting reproduction in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents by comparing effluents from countries with varying levels of documented effects. To explore the hypothesis of wood as a common source of endocrine disrupting compounds, feedstocks from each country were analyzed. Analyses included in vitro assays for androgenic activity (binding to goldfish testis androgen receptors), estrogenic activity (yeast estrogen screen), and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition (monoamine oxidase and glutamic acid decarboxylase). Chemical analyses included conventional extractives, known androgens, and gas chromatograph index (GCI) profiles. All effluents and wood contained androgenic activity, particularly in nonpolar fractions, although known androgens were undetected. Effluents with low suspended solids, having undergone conventional biotreatment had lower androgenic activities. Estrogenic activity was only associated with Brazilian effluents and undetected in wood. All effluents and wood inhibited neurotransmitter enzymes, predominantly in polar fractions. Kraft elemental chlorine free mills were associated with the greatest neurotransmitter inhibition. Effluent and wood GCI profiles were correlated with androgenic activity and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition. Differences in feedstock bioactivities were not reflected in effluents, implying mill factors mitigate bioactive wood components. No differences in bioactivities could be discerned on the basis of country of origin, thus we predict effluents in regions lacking monitoring would affect fish reproduction and therefore recommend implementing such programs.
- Published
- 2011
134. [Population health risk from chemical air pollutants in a city with developed pulp and paper industry]
- Author
-
T N, Ungurianu, S M, Novikov, R V, Buzinov, and A B, Gudkov
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Risk ,Air Pollutants ,Analysis of Variance ,Adolescent ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Urban Health ,Infant ,Russia ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Female ,Vascular Diseases ,Child ,Aged - Abstract
to assess an effect of chemical contaminants contained in emissions of pulp and paper mill on prevalence respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in population of Novodvinsk. The average annual concentrations of chemicals of concern were calculated by modeling. A prevalence of population was studied by using of the primary medical documentation in sex among children from 0 to 17 and adults from 65 and older Hazard index (HIi) was used to assess the non-cancer health effects. Unit risk was used to calculate individual cancer risk (CR). Testing of null hypothesis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ?2. The hazard index for respiratory tract (HIi = 3,54; 95% CI: 3.34-3.70) and cardiovascular system (HIi = 0.78; 95% /DE: 0.74-0.82) in the district close to the Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill (APPM) were higher than in remote districts. In this district the prevalence of bronchial asthma in boys (30.7+13.8%), women (47.0+9.8%) and men (127.4+45.2%) was the highest. Also in this district the prevalence of hypertension among women (139.1+14.4%) and men (311.5+56.1%), diseases of veins among women (48.2+10.8%) and diseases of upper respiratory tract among men (177.0+36.4%) was higher than in remote districts from the APPM. The level of CR in the district located close by the APPM was acceptable (1.0 (10-5; 95% CI: 9.0 (10-6-1, 18(10-5).
- Published
- 2010
135. Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Cosmetic Products Marketed in Iraq Using Spectrophotometric and Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (µPADs) Platform.
- Author
-
Abdulkareem, Ekhlas A. and Abdulsattar, Jwan O.
- Subjects
NICKEL ,COBALT ,ION analysis ,ANALYSIS of variance ,LIPSTICK - Abstract
Two quantitative, environment-friendly and easily monitored assays for Ni (II) and Co (III) ions analysis in different lipstick samples collected from 500-Iraqi dinars stores located in Baghdad were introduced. The study was based on the reaction of nickel (II) ions with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) reagent and the reaction of cobalt (III) ions with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) reagent to produce colored products. The color change was measured by spectrophotometric method at 565 nm and 430 nm for Ni and Co, respectively, with linear calibration graphs in the concentration range 0.25-100 mg L-1 (Ni) and 0.5-100 mg L -1 (Co) and LOD and LOQ of 0.11 mg L-1 and 0.36 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.15 mg L-1 and 0.49 mg L-1 (Co). The UV/VIS data was compared to the results obtained by a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) platform offering in-situ and cost-effect assay with a similar calibration graph with LOD and LOQ of 0.21 mg L-1 and 0.70 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.22 mg L-1 and 0.75 mg L-1 (Co). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant difference between the UV/VIS, µPAD, and standard atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) assay Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.13 (Ni) and Ftab= 3.46 is much higher than FStat = 0.02 (Co). Also, a good correlation between results via the three methods was found. Thus, the µPAD platform offers a solid base for providing valuable information outside centralized laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. [Optimization of paper-roast process of Radix Vladimiriae by orthogonal design]
- Author
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Hui-Ling, Hu, Zhan-Guo, Wang, Chao-Mei, Fu, Dong-Yan, Jia, Yao, He, and Yan, Qu
- Subjects
Paper ,Quality Control ,Analysis of Variance ,Lactones ,Plants, Medicinal ,Oils, Volatile ,Technology, Pharmaceutical ,Water ,Asteraceae ,Plant Roots ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
To study the optimum paper-roast conditions of Radix Vladimiriae.The contents of naphtha and costunolide and dehydrcostuslactone were used as estimated indexes. The paper-roast process of Radix Vladimiriae was studied by orthogonal design.The optimum condition was adding moderate water and marinates firstly, after getting rid of the water and experimenting 6 hours' closed lay, cutting Radix Vladimiriae into slices with 10 centimeters and drying under natural condition. One layer paper by one layer Radix Vladimiriae slice roasted 2 hours at 120 degrees C.The paper-roast process is stable, controllable and can provide referenced foundation for the production of paper-roast Radix Vladimiriae.
- Published
- 2009
137. Pretreatment of paper tube residuals for improved biogas production
- Author
-
Ilona Sárvári Horváth, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Magnus Lundin, Anna Teghammar, and Johan Yngvesson
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Conservation of Energy Resources ,Explosions ,Bioengineering ,Lignin ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,Phenols ,Anaerobiosis ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Steam explosion ,Analysis of Variance ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Substrate (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Oxygen ,Steam ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Solubility ,Biofuel ,Sodium hydroxide ,Biofuels - Abstract
Paper tube residuals, which are lignocellulosic wastes, have been studied as substrate for biogas (methane) production. Steam explosion and nonexplosive hydrothermal pretreatment, in combination with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, have been used to improve the biogas production. The treatment conditions of temperature, time and addition of NaOH and H(2)O(2) were statistically evaluated for methane production. Explosive pretreatment was more successful than the nonexplosive method, and gave the best results at 220 degrees C, 10 min, with addition of both 2% NaOH and 2% H(2)O(2). Digestion of the pretreated materials at these conditions yielded 493 N ml/g VS methane which was 107% more than the untreated materials. In addition, the initial digestion rate was improved by 132% compared to the untreated samples. The addition of NaOH was, besides the explosion effect, the most important factor to improve the biogas production.
- Published
- 2009
138. Calculating and Reporting Effect Sizes on Scientific Papers (3): Guide to report regressionmodelsand ANOVA effect sizes
- Author
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Fernanda Daniel and Helena Espirito Santo
- Subjects
Generalized linear model ,Variables ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050401 social sciences methods ,050109 social psychology ,Regression analysis ,p-value ,General Medicine ,ANOVA - ANOVA ,ANOVA, Análise de regressão, Tamanho do efeito, Valor p ,Tamanho do efeito - Effect size ,0504 sociology ,Significado estatístico - Statistical significance ,Statistics ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Analysis of variance ,Valor p ,Mathematics ,media_common - Abstract
No primeiro número da Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social foi revista a importância de calcular, indicar e interpretar os tamanhos do efeito para as diferenças de médias de dois grupos (família d dos tamanhos do efeito). Os tamanhos do efeito são uma métrica comum que permite comparar os resultados das análises estatísticas de diferentes estudos, informando sobre o impacto de um fator na variável em estudo e sobre a associação entre variáveis.Depois de rever os tamanhos do efeito para as diferenças de médias entre dois grupos (Espirito-Santo e Daniel, 2015) e a maior parte da família r (Espirito-Santo e Daniel, 2017), faltava rever os tamanhos do efeito para a análise da variância. A análise da variância pode ser compreendida como uma extensão da família d a mais de dois grupos (ANOVA) ou como uma subfamília r em que a proporção da variabilidade é imputável a um ou mais fatores. Na subfamília r revista neste estudo, analisa-se a mudança na variável dependente que decorre de uma ou mais variáveis independentes. Esta análise debruça-se sobre os modelos lineares gerais, onde se incluem os modelos de regressão e a ANOVA.Este artigo fornece as fórmulas para calcular os tamanhos do efeito mais comuns, revendo os conceitos básicos sobre as estatísticas e facultando exemplos ilustrativos computados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). As orientações para a interpretação dos tamanhos do efeito são também apresentadas, assim como as cautelas no seu uso. Adicionalmente, o artigo acompanha-se de uma folha de cálculo em Excel para facilitar e agilizar os cálculos aos interessados.
- Published
- 2018
139. Studying the Equivalence of Computer-Delivered and Paper-Based Administrations of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test.
- Author
-
Arce-Ferrer, Alvaro J. and Elvira Martínez Guzmán
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,HIGH school students ,EXAMINATIONS ,PENCILS ,PAPER ,RANDOM matrices ,STATISTICAL sampling ,TALLIES ,ANALYSIS of variance ,FACTOR analysis ,COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
This study investigates the effect of mode of administration of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test on distribution, accuracy, and meaning of raw scores. A random sample of high school students take counterbalanced paper-and-pencil and computer-based administrations of the test and answer a questionnaire surveying preferences for computer-delivered test administrations. Administration mode effect is studied with repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, internal consistency reliability estimates, and confirmatory factor analysis approaches. Results show a lack of test mode effect on distribution, accuracy, and meaning of raw scores. Participants indicate their preferences for the computer-delivered administration of the test. The article discusses findings in light of previous studies of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Psychometric Equivalence of a Paper-Based and Computerized (iPad) Version of the Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST®)
- Author
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Mitchell Clionsky and Emily Clionsky
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychometrics ,Standardized test ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,Correlation ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Memory ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Observer Variation ,Analysis of Variance ,Memory Disorders ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Neuropsychology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cognition ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
The Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST(®)) is a 29-point scale for identifying and following mild and major neurocognitive disorders in older patients. Previous research demonstrated validity in separating patients with normal vs. impaired cognition and high correlations with tests of memory and attention. This study compares the original paper-based MOST(®) with a computerized (iPad app) version, the MOST(®)-96120, to determine the equivalence of formats. A total of 98 consecutive older patients were administered identical versions of the MOST and MOST-96120 in a random order, separated by 1 hour of interspersed testing, in a 3-hour neuropsychological evaluation. MOST and MOST-96120 scores were compared with each other, with global cognitive ratings, and with standardized tests of memory and attention. Both versions had equivalent means and standard deviations, very high inter-test correlation (r = .92, p < .001), and equal correlations with outcome measures. Both versions separated patients into normal vs. mild NCD vs. major NCD categories with equal accuracy. ANOVA showed no significant difference between versions or presentation order. Both versions correlated very highly with cognitive level and neuropsychological endpoints, confirming previous research. The MOST-96120 is a computerized neuropsychological assessment device that demonstrates equivalence with its paper-based original, allowing for confident reliance on the findings of previous research.
- Published
- 2014
141. Computer Learning and Appropriate Testing: A First Step in Validity Assessment.
- Author
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Baird, William E. and Silvern, Steven B.
- Abstract
Describes a study of college students that investigated the interaction between instructional mode and testing mode. Computer learning and testing versus paper-and-pencil methods are compared, and treatments for the experimental and control groups are described. Areas for further research are suggested. (20 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1992
142. Parasites of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) as an additional bioindicator of stress-related exposure to untreated pulp and paper mill effluent: a 5-year field study
- Author
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R. A. Khan and S. M. Billiard
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Newfoundland and Labrador ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Flounder ,Pleuronectidae ,Toxicology ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Stress, Physiological ,Ecotoxicology ,Animals ,Gonads ,Pleuronectes ,Analysis of Variance ,biology ,Geography ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Winter flounder ,Body Constitution ,business ,Bioindicator ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Waste disposal - Abstract
A study was conducted in a marine inlet to assess the effects of untreated discharges from a pulp and paper mill, a municipality, and industries in western Newfoundland on winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), a fish species shown previously to be sensitive to environmental contaminants in sediment. The fish were captured by SCUBA divers about 2 km down-current from the mill discharging effluent containing resin acids, and at three reference sites 2 to 11 km away near the opposite shore, each spring in five consecutive years and the fish were necropsied on site. A total of 360 and 339 flounder were examined near the mill and references sites, respectively. Several bioindicators were used to assess fish health including parasites. More fish exhibiting external and microscopic lesions in several tissues, lower condition factors, elevated hepatosomatic index, and delayed reproductive development were observed in samples taken near the paper mill than at the reference sites. A higher prevalence of an ectoparasite, Cryptocotyle lingua, but a significantly lower mean abundance of three metazoans infecting the digestive tract was noted in fish near the mill than in the reference samples. These results, comprising abnormal fish size distribution, low body condition factor, external and internal lesions, enlarged liver, delayed gonadal development, and changes in parasitism, were stress-related, indicative of impaired health, and associated primarily with untreated discharges from the pulp and paper mill. This integrated and multidisciplinary study also provides further evidence on the use of fish parasites as a valid and an additional bioindicator in programs monitoring environmental contaminants.
- Published
- 2006
143. Comparison of web-based versus paper-and-pencil administration of a humor survey
- Author
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Wang, Chia-Chi, Liu, Kun-Shia, Cheng, Chih-Ling, and Cheng, Ying-Yao
- Subjects
- *
SURVEY methodology , *INTERNET surveys , *ANALYSIS of variance , *STUDENT surveys , *EDUCATIONAL surveys , *COLLEGE wit & humor , *INTERNET , *WIT & humor , *UNDERGRADUATES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Abstract: This study compared the measurement invariance of paper-and-pencil (PP) and web-based (WB) administration formats through a humor survey. Participants were 401 undergraduate students divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D), and each group completed one of the four testing conditions (group A: PP→PP, group B: PP→WB, group C: WB→PP, and group D: WB→WB). The WB and PP versions of the revised Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (Wang, Cheng, Liu, & Ho, 2011), which measure humor production, attitudes toward humor, and humor coping, were administered to the participants. The results indicated that both of the PP and WB survey formats were practically invariant. No significant differences across administration situations were found for humor production or humor coping. Interestingly, the mean score of the WB format was significantly higher than that of PP format on attitudes toward humor. The findings suggest that researchers should carefully examine the measurement invariance and the effect of characteristics of the construct on measurement results when using a WB-format instrument. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. The Effects of Preconscious Cues upon the Automatic Activation of Self-Esteem of Selected Middle School Students.
- Author
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Ledford, Bruce R. and Ledford, Suzanne Y.
- Abstract
This study investigated whether grade six students' self-esteem could be affected by the presentation of a selected stimulus below the threshold of conscious awareness via the medium of a specially prepared paper. It also investigated whether any statistically significant differences existed between the effects on self-esteem of a selected stimulus presented below the threshold of conscious awareness of under- (Target Learners) and average-achieving students (Mainstream Learners). The self-esteem of each subject in both experimental and control groups was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The RSES administered to the experimental group was printed on paper that contained a visual image, an "I Love You" and the symbol of a Valentine heart, that was perceivable below conscious awareness. The RSES administered to the control group was on untreated paper. Analysis of variance indicated statistical significance when comparing the within group variance to the among group variance. It was concluded that: (1) both Mainstream and Target experimental groups showed enhancement of self-esteem, and (2) subjects who were identified as under-achievers and who had problems in socialization appeared to benefit slightly more from the techniques than did mainstream subjects. (PN)
- Published
- 1985
145. Back pain beliefs in adolescents and adults in Australasia: A cross-sectional pilot study of selected psychometric properties of paper-based and web-based questionnaires in two diverse countries.
- Author
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Boon-Kiang Tan, Burnett, Angus, Hallett, Jonathan, Amy Ha, and Briggs, Andrew M.
- Subjects
- *
LUMBAR pain , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *STATISTICAL correlation , *HEALTH attitudes , *PROBABILITY theory , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *PILOT projects , *HUMAN research subjects , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *ADOLESCENCE , *ADULTS , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether questionnaires measuring psychosocial constructs related to low back pain (LBP) that were originally designed for adults are suitable for adolescents, and if paper and web-versions have similar measurement properties. OBJECTIVES: To examine selected psychometric properties for the paper- and web-based Back-Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-phys) among adults and adolescents in two diverse countries and to determine whether differences existed between countries and pain groups. METHODS: A sample of 156 adults (Hong Kong, n = 75; Australia, n = 81) and 96 adolescents (Hong Kong, n = 61; Australia, n = 35) participated in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Main effects for country and administration mode were observed in adult BBQ scores, where Australian adults reported significantly higher BBQ scores than Hong Kong adults (mean difference (MD); 95% CI: 2.85; 0.96-4.74) and significantly higher scores were recorded on the web mode compared to the paper mode (MD 0.74; 0.10-1.38). Similarly, Hong Kong adults and adolescents reported higher FABQ-phys scores than Australian adults and adolescents (MD; 95% CI: 3.40; 1.37-5.43 and 4.88; 0.53-9.23, respectively). Internal consistency values were mostly acceptable (α⩾0.7). CONCLUSION: Differences exist between cultures for LBP-related beliefs. The BBQ and FABQ-phys have acceptable measurement properties in both administration modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Effect of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin on the bioavailability of toluene sorbed to waste paper
- Author
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Detlef R.U. Knappe, Ye Chen, and Morton A. Barlaz
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Paper ,complex mixtures ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polysaccharides ,North Carolina ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Hemicellulose ,Organic matter ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Trichoderma ,Analysis of Variance ,Pseudomonas putida ,Sorption ,General Chemistry ,Biodegradation ,Carbon Dioxide ,Toluene ,Bioavailability ,Refuse Disposal ,Aspergillus ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Adsorption - Abstract
Paper constitutes about 38% of municipal solid waste, much of which is disposed of in landfills. Sorption to such lignocellulosic materials may limit the bioavailability of organic contaminants in landfills. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of individual biopolymers in paper on toluene sorption and bioavailability by subjecting fresh and anaerobically degraded office paper and newsprint to enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose had no effect on toluene bioavailability. In contrast, acid-insoluble lignin controlled toluene sorption and bioavailability for both fresh and degraded newsprint. Acid-insoluble lignin could explain only 54% of the toluene sorption capacity of degraded office paper however, suggesting that crude protein and/or lipophilic organic matter were also important sorbent phases. Toluene sorbed to degraded office paper was also less bioavailable than toluene sorbed to an equivalent mass of lignin extracted from this sorbent. The latter result suggests that a fraction of toluene sorbed to degraded office paper may have been sequestered by lipophilic organic matter. The sorption and bioavailability data indicate that the preferential decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose relative to lignin in landfills should not decrease the overall toluene sorption capacity of paperwaste or increase the bioavailability of sorbed toluene.
- Published
- 2004
147. Syntactic complexity in learner-generated research paper introductions: Rhetorical functions and level of move/step realization.
- Author
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Saricaoglu, Aysel, Bilki, Zeynep, and Plakans, Lia
- Subjects
- *
SEMANTICS (Philosophy) , *UNDERGRADUATES , *ANALYSIS of variance , *REGRESSION analysis , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) - Abstract
This study explored the relationship between syntactic complexity and rhetorical functions and the relationship between syntactic complexity and level of move/step realization in learner-generated research paper introductions. We created a corpus of 79 introductions written by undergraduate L2 students at intermediate to high-intermediate levels. We annotated the introductions for moves and steps, measured their syntactic complexity at the global, clausal, and phrasal levels, and rated their level of move/step realization across four levels (no, low, intermediate, and high). We conducted one-way MANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. We found sentences realizing Reviewing items of previous research function to be significantly longer than other steps in Move 1 and to contain significantly more clausal and phrasal complexity features. Sentences performing Claiming c entrality function also demonstrated significantly more phrasal complexity features as measured by complex nominals per clause. We also found a higher level of phrasal complexity in introductions with a higher level of move/step realization, which can be attributed to introductions including Step1 and Step3 , rather than containing all steps. Our findings imply that there is value in developing explicit instructions on how to use complex structures in performing rhetorical steps in research paper introductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Understanding 'within' versus 'between' ANOVA Designs: Benefits and Requirements of Repeated Measures.
- Author
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Lamb, Gordon D.
- Abstract
This paper discusses the basics of repeated measures designs. Within-subjects designs are compared to between-subjects designs, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Further discussion compares a univariate one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the between-subjects ANOVA and multivariate repeated measures ANOVA. Limitations of the univariate repeated measures ANOVA and their corrections are explained. This paper also demonstrates that the univariate repeated measures ANOVA is a form of linear regression. The advantages of linear regression over ANOVA are discussed briefly. The discussion concludes with examples of how to compute univariate, multivariate, and linear regression ANOVAs using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Five appendixes contain tables of study results. (Contains 5 tables and 27 references.) (SLD)
- Published
- 2003
149. Antioxidant capacity of Kraft black liquor from the pulp and paper industry
- Author
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Elizabeth, Perez-Perez and Antonio J, Rodríguez-Malaver
- Subjects
Paper ,Waste Products ,Analysis of Variance ,Lipid Peroxides ,Tissue Extracts ,Iron ,Temperature ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Lignin ,Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ,Antioxidants ,Rats ,Animals ,Lipid Peroxidation - Abstract
The effect of Kraft black liquor on the lipid peroxidation of rat homogenates was examined. The lipid peroxidation of homogenates from different organs (kidney, brain, lung, and liver) was induced by Fenton's reagent. The products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides and TBARS were measured by FOX method and TBA assay, respectively. It was found that black liquor significantly reduced the concentration of TBARS, but not the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides. This inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration of Kraft black liquor and the incubation temperature. Conclusively, the black liquor from pulp and paper industry exhibited an antioxidant activity.
- Published
- 2005
150. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu presents a better response to in vitro salt stress than other commercial cultivars.
- Author
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Ramos Guimarães, Paula Beatriz, de Oliveira Vidotto Figueiredo, Mayara, Benedito dos Santos, Tiago, and Ferreira Ribas, Alessandra
- Subjects
SIGNALGRASS ,SALT ,FILTER paper ,ROOT growth ,ANALYSIS of variance ,FORAGE plants ,ERGOT alkaloids ,CULTIVARS - Abstract
Copyright of Colloquium Agrariae is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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