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Background: Carbazole-based molecules containing thiosemicarbazide functional groups are recognized for their diverse biological activities, particularly in enhancing therapeutic anticancer effects through inhibiting crucial pathways. These derivatives also exhibit noteworthy antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of 18 novel carbazole derivatives. Methods: The radical scavenging capabilities of the compounds were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Antiproliferative activities were evaluated on MCF-7 cancer cell lines through viability assays. Additionally, the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, apoptosis/necrosis induction, and cell cycle analysis were conducted for the most promising anticancer agents. Results: nine compounds showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 values lower than the positive control acarbose, with compounds 4 h and 4y exhibiting the highest potency (IC50 values of 0.73 and 0.38 µM, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 4o and 4r displayed significant anticancer effects, with IC50 values of 2.02 and 4.99 µM, respectively. Compound 4o, in particular, exhibited promising activity by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor survival, inducing apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, compound 4o was showed significant antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and E. coli, and antifungal effect against C. albicans. Its potential to overcome drug resistance through this pathway inhibition highlights its promise as an anticancer agent. Molecular docking simulations supported these findings, revealing favorable binding profiles and interactions within the active sites of the enzymes PI3K, AKT1, and mTOR. Moreover, assessing the druggability of the newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties, further endorsing their potential as drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds using thiosemicarbazide as a key building block via multicomponent reactions. Thiosemicarbazide is a versatile reagent that has gained significant attention in organic synthesis due to its ability to participate in diverse multicomponent reactions for the efficient and sustainable construction and assembly of novel bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the potential applications and future directions in this rapidly evolving area of research. It provides valuable insights into the innovative approaches for the synthesis of heterocycles using thiosemicarbazide, showcasing its significance in modern organic chemistry research. In summary, this review provides an overview of the current state of the art, highlighting the use of thiosemicarbazide in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds reported between 2015 and early 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To anchor chelating groups with nitrogen and sulfur atoms on tannin, a novel adsorbent (tannin-thiosemicarbazide-formaldehyde resin) was prepared through Mannich reaction by using blank wattle tannin, thiosemicarbazide and formaldehyde as raw materials. The adsorption behaviour of Ag+ from aqueous solution on the resin was evaluated via batch adsorption experiments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and elemental analysis were applied to verify the successful immobilization. The surface morphology, thermal stability and pore structure of the resin were also characterized. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm of Ag+ for the resin was described well by the Freundlich model. Ag+ adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 180 min, and the kinetic data were better fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation than by the pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The adsorption capacity first increased and then stabilized with increasing pH (ranging from 1.0 to 7.0), and the resin exhibited high selectivity towards Ag+ in relation to Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Ca2+. After three regeneration and reuse cycles, the adsorption capacity reached 1.68 mmol/g (84.0% of removal efficiency). Based on the experimental results and findings from various characterization techniques, the mechanism of Ag+ adsorption onto the resin could be attributed to inner-sphere complexation and chelation between Ag+ and multiple electron-rich atoms (N, O, and S), in which S atoms played the most important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Carbazole-based molecules containing thiosemicarbazide functional groups are recognized for their diverse biological activities, particularly in enhancing therapeutic anticancer effects through inhibiting crucial pathways. These derivatives also exhibit noteworthy antioxidant properties. Objectives This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of 18 novel carbazole derivatives. Methods The radical scavenging capabilities of the compounds were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Antiproliferative activities were evaluated on MCF-7 cancer cell lines through viability assays. Additionally, the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, apoptosis/necrosis induction, and cell cycle analysis were conducted for the most promising anticancer agents. Results nine compounds showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 values lower than the positive control acarbose, with compounds 4 h and 4y exhibiting the highest potency (IC50 values of 0.73 and 0.38 µM, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 4o and 4r displayed significant anticancer effects, with IC50 values of 2.02 and 4.99 µM, respectively. Compound 4o, in particular, exhibited promising activity by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor survival, inducing apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, compound 4o was showed significant antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and E. coli, and antifungal effect against C. albicans. Its potential to overcome drug resistance through this pathway inhibition highlights its promise as an anticancer agent. Molecular docking simulations supported these findings, revealing favorable binding profiles and interactions within the active sites of the enzymes PI3K, AKT1, and mTOR. Moreover, assessing the druggability of the newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties, further endorsing their potential as drug candidates.

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly those containing azole rings, have shown extensive biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Among these, the imidazole ring stands out due to its diverse therapeutic potential. In the presented study, we designed and synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives to identify compounds with high biological potential. We focused on two groups: thiosemicarbazide derivatives and hydrazone derivatives. We synthesized these compounds using conventional methods and confirmed their structures via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), MS, and elemental analysis, and then assessed their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida spp. strains. Our results showed that thiosemicarbazide derivatives exhibited varied activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The hydrazone derivatives, however, did not display significant antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that structural modifications can significantly influence the antimicrobial efficacy of imidazole derivatives, highlighting the potential of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as promising candidates for further development in antibacterial therapies. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines was evaluated. Two derivatives of hydrazide-hydrazone showed moderate anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When 1-benzoylthiosemicarbazide (2) or thiosemicarbazide (1) were treated with benzoyl chloride in a basic medium, a mixture of two compounds was obtained: 1,2-dibenzoylthiosemicarbazide (3) and 1,4-dibenzoylthiosemicarbazide (4). To determine the structure of the novel compounds, 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques such as 1H-13C and 1H-15N were employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chikungunya virus infection has become a global health concern because of its high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with preexisting conditions. Inflammation and arthritis are the major symptoms of CHIKV that persist even after clearance of CHIKV. To develop an antiviral that can reduce infection and manage inflammation independent of the CHIKV infection, ibuprofen (IBU) conjugates with sulfonamide and thiosemicarbazide were synthesized. The conjugates, IBU-SULFA, IBU-ISS and IBU-IBT significantly inhibited CHIKV infection in vitro with a selectivity index (CC50/IC50) of > 11.9, > 25.1 and > 21, respectively. The reduction in infection was attributed to the interference of the conjugates in the early stages of CHIKV life cycle. With no acute oral toxicity, these compounds significantly reduced inflammation and arthritis in rats. Unlike IBU, the conjugates were not ulcerogenic. In conclusion, the conjugation imparted anti-CHIKV properties while retaining the anti-inflammatory properties of IBU. These findings can encourage further validation and research to develop an antiviral for CHIKV to manage both infection and arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the treatment of bacterial infection has been very worrisome as a decline in antibiotic sensitivity is hitting a majority of the world population. Among many bacterial infection's causing agents, Enterococcus species and Mycoplasma pneumonia are highly threatening because of their resistance to powerful antibiotics such as vancomycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin. Herein, effect of polar (DMSO, EtOH, MeOH, H2O) solvation on the quantum chemical parameters, molecular structure, spectroscopy, and the antimicrobial potential of p-phenylenediamine-thiosemicarbazide-formaldehyde (PTSF) terpolymer is presented within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), solvation molecular dynamics, and molecular docking approach. Herein, ethanol was keenly observed with the most insightful properties across all analyses specifically by its high energy gap (4.6344 eV) which accounted for the stability of compound. The molecular docking revealed the binding affinities for PSTF with respect to the best docking modes are −4.6 kcal/mol with LYS 288 and bond distance of 2.82 Å for 5V2M and −5.1 kcal/mol with ASN 770 at 2.27 Å, GLU 767 at 2.61 Å, ARG 777 at 3.69 Å, GLU 775 at 2.57 Å, and ALA 763 at 2.86 Å for 6rj1. From the result obtained, the studied compound has higher binding affinity at the active site of 6RJ1 than that of 5V2M. This suggests that PSTF has greater efficacy for inhibiting the growth of M. pneumoniae than vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Hence, further in vitro and in vivo studies should delve into the more exploration of the reported ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New derivatives of 3-R-5-chloromethyl-1-thiocarbamoylpyrazole have been synthesized by the intramolecular heterocyclization of thiosemicarbazones of unsaturated ketones, obtained by the interaction of 3,4-dichlorobut-2-ene-1-ones with thiosemicarbazide, in a dioxane with a twofold excess of pyridine. The biological activity of a series of the synthesized substances in vitro has been studied and it has been revealed that the synthesized functional derivatives of pyrazoles show more expressed antimicrobial properties in relation to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research reports the synthesis of a library of thiosemicarbazones (3-16) through a two-step chemical transformation. All the synthesized derivatives were purified and fully characterized through mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy (1H-, and 13C-NMR), and IR spectroscopy. All the members of the synthesized library were found to be new except compound 8. The synthesized library was screened for its inhibition potential against the urease enzyme. Almost all the compounds exhibited potent activity with the IC50 = 5.3 ± 0.8 − 15.5 ± 0.6 µM in comparison to the thiourea and acetohydroxamic acid used as standard (IC50 = 21.1 ± 0.2, 20.5 ± 0.4 µM). While significant activity was exhibited by compounds 14 and 15 with the IC50 = 23.6 ± 0.6 and 27.3 ± 1.2 µM. Furthermore, kinetic studies were carried out to determine the inhibition mode and molecular docking was employed to recognize the ligand-enzyme interactions. Thereby, the docking results are well in the direction of the in vitro results. Compounds ((E)-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (3) and (E)-2-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-N-(2-fluorophenyl) hydrazinecarbothioamide (5) were identified as the most potent inhibitors of urease by both the in vitro and in silico studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The high mortality rate of colon cancer indicates the insufficient efficacy of current chemotherapy. Thus, the discussion on engineered metal nanoparticles in the treatment of the disease has been considered. In this study, silver nanoparticles were functionalized with glutamine and conjugated with thiosemiccarbazide. Then, anticancer mechanism of Ag@Gln-TSC NPs in a colon cancer cell line (SW480) was investigated. Characterizing Ag@Gln-TSC NPs by FT-IR, XRD, EDS-mapping, DLS, zeta potential, and SEM and TEM microscopy revealed that the Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were correctly synthesized, the particles were spherical, with surface charge of − 27.3 mV, high thermal stability and low agglomeration level. Using MTT assay we found that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were significantly more toxic for colon cancer cells than normal fibroblast cells with IC50 of 88 and 186 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs leads to a considerable increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells (85.9% of the cells) and increased cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Also, several apoptotic features, including hyperactivity of caspase-3 (5.15 folds), increased expression of CASP8 gene (3.8 folds), and apoptotic nuclear alterations were noticed in the nanoparticle treated cells. Furthermore, treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs caused significant down-regulation of the HULC Lnc-RNA and PPFIA4 oncogene by 0.3 and 0.6 folds, respectively. Overall, this work showed that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs can effectively inhibit colon cancer cells through the activation of apoptotic pathways, a feature that can be considered more in studies in the field of colon cancer treatment.

AbstractThiosemicarbazide was used as a key starting material for the building of a diversity of novel heterocyclic moieties. The heterocyclization reaction of thiosemicarbazide derivatives with carbon disulfide in basic conditions afforded novel heterocyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazolethiolate derivatives. 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol was successfully reacted with protected α-D-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides in dimethylformamide at room temperature to give the matching 1,3,4-thiadiazole S-glycosides in good yields. The latter compounds were reacted with ammonia-methanol at room temperature for 10 min, and the deprotected derivatives were obtained in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by basic analyses and spectral information (IR,1H NMR, and 13C NMR, X-ray). All newly produced compounds were evaluated and screened for their antibacterial activities. Compound 6f proved to be the most active antimicrobial among the investigated heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relatively green one-pot environmentally benign protocol has been developed for the smooth access of 5- (Substituted-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives. Present research involved the cyclocondensation response of substituted fragrant carboxylic acid and thiosemicarbazide under microwave irradiation with the usage of PEG-400 as a green catalyst. The protocol was found to be an easy, cheaper, and metallic-free green medium. The remarkable features of the present investigation are safe and environmentally benign, inexpensive, and use of nontoxic and non-volatile PEG-400 as a medium. The present study involved direct condensation of aromatic carboxylic acid with thiosemicarbazide in a minimum reaction time to obtain an excellent yield of thiadiazol-2-amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation of 3-benzyl-2-sulfanylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cyclo-heptan]-4(6H)-one with 5,5-dialkyl-2-(chloromethyl)benzo[h]quinazolines gave bis-benzo[h]quinazoline compounds in which the spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptane] fragment is linked through the 2-position to another benzo[h]quinazoline moiety via a SCH2 spacer. 3-Benzyl-2-sulfanylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro-[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one reacted under similar conditions with methylene iodide to produce 2,2′-[methylenebis(sulfanediyl)]bis{3-benzyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one}. The initial benzo[h]quinazoline was converted to 2-hydrazinyl derivative which underwent elimination of the hydrazine moiety by the action of alkali with the formation of 3-benzyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1′-cycloheptan]-4(6H)-one. The 2-hydrazinyl derivative was used to obtain the corresponding phenylhydrazone, thiosemicarbazide, and 4-benzyl-4H-spiro[benzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazoline-6,1′-cycloheptanone]-5(7H)-one. The alkylation of 4-benzyl-1-sulfanyl-4H-spiro[benzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazoline-6,1′-cycloheptan]-5(7H)-one with alkyl halides afforded the corresponding 1-alkylsulfanyl derivatives. The synthe-sized compounds were tested for antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsaturated ketones of the furan series have been synthesized by the aldol–crotonic condensation of furfural with some unsaturated ketones. The optimal conditions have been found to include alcoholic sodium hydroxide as reaction medium and room temperature, which provide higher regioselectivity, 65–75% yields of the target unsaturated ketones, and the absence of byproducts. The presence of a C=C double bond activated by the carbonyl group in the molecules of the synthesized unsaturated ketones makes them promising substrates for the preparation of various potentially biologically active compounds. In particular, they reacted with hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, and secondary amines to give new furan derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid with thiosemicarbazide, in a ratio of 1:2, when boiled in ethanol gives 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-carbamothioyl-5-(2-carbamothioylhydrazinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with a good yield. This compound was fully characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high mortality rate of colon cancer indicates the insufficient efficacy of current chemotherapy. Thus, the discussion on engineered metal nanoparticles in the treatment of the disease has been considered. In this study, silver nanoparticles were functionalized with glutamine and conjugated with thiosemiccarbazide. Then, anticancer mechanism of Ag@Gln-TSC NPs in a colon cancer cell line (SW480) was investigated. Characterizing Ag@Gln-TSC NPs by FT-IR, XRD, EDS-mapping, DLS, zeta potential, and SEM and TEM microscopy revealed that the Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were correctly synthesized, the particles were spherical, with surface charge of − 27.3 mV, high thermal stability and low agglomeration level. Using MTT assay we found that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs were significantly more toxic for colon cancer cells than normal fibroblast cells with IC50 of 88 and 186 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs leads to a considerable increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells (85.9% of the cells) and increased cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Also, several apoptotic features, including hyperactivity of caspase-3 (5.15 folds), increased expression of CASP8 gene (3.8 folds), and apoptotic nuclear alterations were noticed in the nanoparticle treated cells. Furthermore, treating colon cancer cells with Ag@Gln-TSC NPs caused significant down-regulation of the HULC Lnc-RNA and PPFIA4 oncogene by 0.3 and 0.6 folds, respectively. Overall, this work showed that Ag@Gln-TSC NPs can effectively inhibit colon cancer cells through the activation of apoptotic pathways, a feature that can be considered more in studies in the field of colon cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to manufacture imidazo[1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, the beginning components that are used are the 2,4-dinitro benzoic acid and the thiosemicarbazide. The synthesis of the corresponding imidazolthadiazole derivative was brought about as a consequence of their interaction with phenacyl bromides, which are also referred to as p-substituted phenacyl bromides. The structure of these compounds was validated since the spectrum features of the compounds that were discussed before were taken into consideration. A couple of these compounds were shown to have an effect that varied from mild to moderate against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. This was identified via the process of discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Three novel series of N-methylsulfonylindole derivatives 3a&b, 4a–e, and 5a–e were synthesised. Different biological activities of the synthesised compounds were studied. Antimicrobial activity showed that, compounds 4b, 4e and 5d had selective antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica and/or E. coli. The anti-oxidant activity of the synthesised compounds was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was estimated. Compounds 4d, 4e, 5b, and 5d showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. The COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activities were measured using enzyme immune assay (EIA) kits. Due to the dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity of compound 5d, its cardiovascular profile was determined by measuring cardiac biomarkers (LDH, CK-MB, and Tn-I). Besides, the histopathological study of the heart muscle and stomach were examined for the most active COX-2 inhibitors 4e and 5d. Finally, a molecular modelling study and pharmacokinetic properties were obtained using different computational methods.

A new class of benzimidazole-based derivatives (4a–j, 5, and 6) with potential dual inhibition of EGFR and BRAFV600E has been developed. The newly synthesized compounds were submitted for testing for antiproliferative activity against the NCI-60 cell line. All newly synthesized compounds 4a–j, 5, and 6 were selected for testing against a panel of sixty cancer cell lines at a single concentration of 10 µM. Some compounds tested demonstrated remarkable antiproliferative activity against the cell lines tested. Compounds 4c, 4e, and 4g were chosen for five-dose testing against 60 human tumor cell lines. Compound 4c demonstrated strong selectivity against the leukemia subpanel, with a selectivity ratio of 5.96 at the GI50 level. The most effective in vitro anti-cancer assay derivatives (4c, 4d, 4e, 4g, and 4h) were tested for EGFR and BRAFV600E inhibition as potential targets for antiproliferative action. The results revealed that compounds 4c and 4e have significant antiproliferative activity as dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitors. Compounds 4c and 4e induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bax levels while decreasing the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein. Moreover, molecular docking studies confirmed the potential of compounds 4c and 4e to act as dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work aimed to synthesize new mononuclear Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes derived from isatin‐based thiosemicarbazide, (Z)‐N‐methyl‐2‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide ligand (L1) using the reflux conventional method. Structural characterization for the synthesized compounds was achieved via elemental analyses, spectroscopic analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and thermal analysis. The compounds were further explored for their prospective anticancer properties with the aid of in silico methodology. Complexation of metal centers with L1 was observed using the shifting of the v(C=N) peak to lower frequencies and the emergence of new peaks in the range of 454–512 cm−1 assigned to v(M‐N) and v(M‐O). The non‐electrolytic character of Cu2+ and Zn2+ compounds was displayed by their low molar conductivities. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to investigate the electronic and molecular properties of the complexes. The frontier molecular orbitals were performed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide valuable information regarding their molecular orbitals, reactivity indices, and electronic structures, assisting in understanding their structure–activity relationships and potential mechanisms of action. Additionally, molecular docking was carried out to comprehend the interaction of the compounds with the selected enzyme and determine their potential binding mode and energy. Meanwhile, the ADMET study exhibited that all of the compounds possess good oral bioavailability suggesting potent and suitable anticancer drug candidates. All the compounds were tested against human leukemia K562 cancer cell line and human fibroblasts Hs27 cell line. Overall, this comprehensive study highlights the synthesis, characterization, anticancer activity, molecular docking, ADMET evaluation, and quantum chemical calculations of new Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes derived from isatin‐3‐thiosemicarbazone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel series of N-methylsulfonylindole derivatives 3a&b, 4a–e, and 5a–e were synthesised. Different biological activities of the synthesised compounds were studied. Antimicrobial activity showed that, compounds 4b, 4e and 5d had selective antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica and/or E. coli. The anti-oxidant activity of the synthesised compounds was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was estimated. Compounds 4d, 4e, 5b, and 5d showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. The COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activities were measured using enzyme immune assay (EIA) kits. Due to the dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity of compound 5d, its cardiovascular profile was determined by measuring cardiac biomarkers (LDH, CK-MB, and Tn-I). Besides, the histopathological study of the heart muscle and stomach were examined for the most active COX-2 inhibitors 4e and 5d. Finally, a molecular modelling study and pharmacokinetic properties were obtained using different computational methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of N-Substituted 2-(benzenosulfonyl)-1-carbotioamide derivatives (WZ1–WZ4) were synthesized and characterized using spectral methods. A comprehensive activity study was performed for each compound. All compounds were tested for antibacterial activity. Moreover, in silico studies were carried out to determine the anticancer potential of the designed WZ1–WZ4 ligands. Based on molecular docking, aldehyde dehydrogenase was selected as a molecular target. The obtained data were compared with experimental data in vitro tests. Novel hybrids of the thiosemicarbazide scaffold and sulfonyl groups may have promising anticancer activity via the aldehyde dehydrogenase pathway. The best candidate for further studies appears to be WZ2, due to its superior selectivity in comparison to the other tested compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiosemicarbazone derivatives have a wide spectrum of biological activity as well as various application areas such as forming complexes with metals, using as intermediates in the synthesis of heterocyclic bioactive compounds. Thiazole derivatives can be easily synthesized from thiosemicarbazones and are among the important compounds in demand in terms of biological activity. In this study, 14 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized starting from polycyclic 1,5‐diketone derivatives with five stereocenters, and 14 thiazole derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of the obtained thiosemicarbazones with 2‐bromoacetophenone and their structure determinations were carried out using spectroscopic methods (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 2D‐NMR, FT‐IR and Q‐TOF LC/MS). This synthesis route from polycyclic chiral 1,5‐diketones may contribute to the design of new drug‐like molecules, which are important in medicinal chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient ionic liquid catalyzed protocol has been investigated for the synthesis of 5-(4-substituted-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives from the cyclocondensation of diversely substituted aromatic carboxylic acid and thiosemicarbazide by using recyclable N-methylpyridiniumtosylate as an ionic liquid. Highly efficient, inexpensive, solvent and metal free, high step and atom efficiency and excellent yield (95%–98%) are remarkable features of present protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When 1-benzoylthiosemicarbazide (2) or thiosemicarbazide (1) were treated with benzoyl chloride in a basic medium, a mixture of two compounds was obtained: 1,2-dibenzoylthiosemicarbazide (3) and 1,4-dibenzoylthiosemicarbazide (4). To determine the structure of the novel compounds, 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques such as 1H-13C and 1H-15N were employed.

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly those containing azole rings, have shown extensive biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Among these, the imidazole ring stands out due to its diverse therapeutic potential. In the presented study, we designed and synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives to identify compounds with high biological potential. We focused on two groups: thiosemicarbazide derivatives and hydrazone derivatives. We synthesized these compounds using conventional methods and confirmed their structures via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), MS, and elemental analysis, and then assessed their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida spp. strains. Our results showed that thiosemicarbazide derivatives exhibited varied activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The hydrazone derivatives, however, did not display significant antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that structural modifications can significantly influence the antimicrobial efficacy of imidazole derivatives, highlighting the potential of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as promising candidates for further development in antibacterial therapies. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines was evaluated. Two derivatives of hydrazide-hydrazone showed moderate anticancer activity.

Abstract Three new Schiff bases, (Z)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (PDM), (Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (5NS) and (Z)-2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (4CN) of thiosemicarbazone-benzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized by condensation reaction. These compounds were formed from the reaction of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 4-formylbenzonitrile respectively. The molecules synthesized were screened against bacterial isolates; Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria using agar well diffusion technique, supported by molecular docking and theoretical analysis through computational approach adopting a coupled DFT-B3LYP and 6-31G(d) basis set. The in-vitro antibacterial studies proofed that the compounds have a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates while 5NS (21.0 mm) and PDMA (9.5 mm) have higher antibacterial activities than the standard drug, streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus (16.5 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0 mm) respectively. Theoretical studies and molecular docking established the fact that these Schiff bases could be explored further as bioactive compounds against bacterial infections and also as corrosion inhibitors of metals in the oil and gas industry. Graphical abstract

The reaction of 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid with thiosemicarbazide, in a ratio of 1:2, when boiled in ethanol gives 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-carbamothioyl-5-(2-carbamothioylhydrazinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with a good yield. This compound was fully characterized.

Chromatographic methods, apart from in silico ones, are commonly used rapid techniques for the evaluation of certain properties of biologically active compounds used for their prediction of pharmacokinetic processes. Thiosemicarbazides are compounds possessing anticancer, antimicrobial, and other valuable biological activities. The aim of the investigation was to estimate the lipophilicity of 1-aryl-4-(phenoxy)acetylthiosemicarbazides, to predict their oral adsorption and the assessment of their % plasma–protein binding (%PPB). RP-HPLC chromatographic techniques with five diversified HPLC systems, including columns with surface-bonded octadecylsilanes (C-18), phosphatidylcholine (immobilized artificial membrane, IAM), cholesterol (Chol), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA), were applied. The measured lipophilicity of all investigated compounds was within the range recommended for potential drug candidates. However, some derivatives are strongly bonded to HSA (%PPB ≈ 100%), which may limit some pharmacokinetic processes. HPLC determined lipophilicity descriptors were compared with those obtained by various computational approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation of thiosemicarbazide with oxazolidinone produced 5-benzylidene-3-(4-chlorophenyl)- 6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]triazine-2-carbothioic acid amide (HL1). Co(II) and Ni(II) ions were reacted with the HL1 ligand. Elemental analysis and molar conductivity, along with mass, 1H-NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and X-ray powder diffraction spectral examinations, were used to reveal the chemical structure of the synthesized complexes. The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined to be 1:2 (metallic: moiety) using analytical, spectroscopic, and thermal data. The thermal properties of the complexes were explored using thermogravimetric (TG-DTG/DTA) methods, as well as the decomposition stages. Several kinetic thermodynamic parameters such as free activation energy (ΔG*), activation enthalpy (ΔH*), activation entropy (ΔS*), pre-exponential factor (A), and the activation energy (E*) were estimated. Inhibitory effects towards colon carcinoma cells (HCT cell line), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2 cell line), and breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cell line) were verified using various concentrations of the samples. A colorimetric method was used to determine the cell viability percent in comparison to doxorubicin drug as a control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tautomerism is one of the most important phenomena to consider when designing biologically active molecules. In this work, we use NMR spectroscopy, IR, and X-ray analysis as well as quantum-chemical calculations in the gas phase and in a solvent to study tautomerism of 1- (2-, 3- and 4-pyridinecarbonyl)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives. The tautomer containing both carbonyl and thione groups turned out to be the most stable. The results of the calculations are consistent with the experimental data obtained from NMR and IR spectroscopy and with the crystalline forms from the X-ray studies. The obtained results broaden the knowledge in the field of structural studies of the thiosemicarbazide scaffold, which will translate into an understanding of the interactions of compounds with a potential molecular target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new series of benzoxazolone−thiosemicarbazide/1,2,4‐triazole/1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrids were designed and synthesized. The structures of novel compounds were elucidated by spectral methods (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, ESI‐MS) and elemental analyses. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition activity of the compounds were investigated using in vitro Ellman method using donepezil and tacrin as the standards. Although none of compounds showed significant inhibitor activity on BuChE, compounds 2 c, 3 a, 4 a and 5 b displayed good inhibitory activities on AChE with IC50 values of 0.031, 0.049, 0.117 and 0.085 μg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out performed to the interactions with the active site of the enzyme (PDB:4EY7) and enzyme kinetics studies were performed for the most potent AChE inhibitor compound 2 c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of ester tethered dihydroartemisinin‐3‐(oxime/thiosemicarbazide)isatin hybrids 7a–p were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7/ADR, and MDA‐MB‐231/ADR breast cancer cell lines. Among them, hybrids 7a,f (IC50: 1.33–3.84 µM) showed potent activity against triple‐negative (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐231/ADR) breast cancer cell lines, and hybrid 7f (IC50: 3.90 and 10.18 µM) also demonstrated promising activity against estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MCF‐7/ADR), and the activity was superior to these of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and ADR, revealing their potential to fight against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant breast cancers. The enriched structure–activity relationships may facilitate further design of more active candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Semicarbazide (OC(NH2)(N2H3)) and thiosemicarbazide (SC(NH2)(N2H3)) are well-known for their coordination complex formation ability. They contain nonbonding electrons in the form of heteroatoms (N, O and S) and π-electrons in the form of >C=O and >C=S through they strongly coordinate with the metal atoms and ions. Because of their association with this property, the Semicarbazide (SC), thiosemicarbazide (TSC) and their derivatives are widely used for different applications. They serve as building blocks for synthesis of various industrially and biologically useful chemicals. The SC, TSC and they derivatives are also serve as strong aqueous phase corrosion inhibitors. In the present reports, the coordination ability and corrosion protection tendency of Semicarbazide (SC), thiosemicarbazide (TSC) and their derivatives is surveyed and described. These compounds are widely used as inhibitors for different metals and alloys. Through their electron rich sites they adsorb on the metal surface and build corrosion protective film. Their adsorption mostly followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Through their adsorption they increase the value of charge transfer resistance and decrease the value of corrosion current density. Computational studies adopted in the literature indicate that SC, TSC and their derivatives adsorb flatly and spontaneously using charge transfer mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work combined single-crystal XRD analysis, Hisrhfeld Analysis, and energy framework analysis to interpret and comprehend the overall building of supramolecular assemblies by predicting the hydrogen bond interactions present in the (+)-(R)-1-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-4-(phenethyl)thiosemicarbazide[RBPPT] compound. According to XRD analysis results, the compound had one independent molecule in the unit cell (V = 252.1(2) Å3, Z = 2), and a crystalized monoclinic crystal system (β = 104.401(3)°) with P21 space group. Also, intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed supramolecular assemblies in the compound and non-traditional hydrogen bond interactions (π-ring) were investigated by Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint analysis. Energy framework analysis wascomputed and investigated by the energy density wave function of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), which elicit the supremacy of dispersion energies via standard electrostatic energy frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new thiosemicarbazide-naphthalene-based fluorescent chemosensor FNC ((2-(furan-2-carbonyl)-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide)) for Zn2+ was synthesized and identified. FNC was applied to selectively detect Zn2+ with fluorescent turn-on response. The detection limit was determined to be 1.93 µM, which is much below the WHO standard (76.5 µM). The detecting mechanism of FNC to Zn2+ was revealed to bind FNC to Zn2+ in the proportion of 1: 1 by Job plot, ESI-mass and 1H NMR titrations. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed for FNC and FNC-Zn2+, which provide insight into structural, electronic and photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two Schiff bases named 1-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide (2-HTSC) and 1-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide (3-HTSC) were synthesized and evaluated their inhibitory properties on corrosion of carbon steel in 15% HCl environment. Inhibitory effect of compounds were investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (EDX) spectroscopy and absorption isotherms. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM of the inhibitor were evaluated and the best result was obtained at a concentration of 1.5 mM. The results showed that the 3-HTSC Schiff base has a better inhibitory percentage than the Schiff base 2-HTSC. Adsorption of inhibitors on the steel surface follows all Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the results of thermodynamic parameters indicate physico-chemical adsorption. In the presence of inhibitor, the adsorption rate of chloride ions on the metal substrate decreased by 26% and 74% for inhibitors 2-HTSC and 3-HTSC, respectively, due to the predominance of better interactions of 3-HTSC with the metal substrate in Comparison with 2-HTSC inhibitor.

Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases produced from thiosemicarbazone with Anthracene, indole, pyrimidines, and chromones have been synthesized and physiochemically characterized. Among the synthesized ligands L1-L4, the first three ligands behave as uninegative bidentate ones towards Cu(II) and Zn(II) metals, whereas the L4 ligand behaves as a uninegative tridentate one. The structure and bonding properties of the complexes have been investigated using electronic and HRMS-spectral data. All the ligands and complexes were tested for their anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities. Docking studies demonstrated that Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes interacted favorably with the EGFR, HER2, and IKK-β receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensation of H-Indole-2,3-dione with Hydrazinecarbothioamide produced a Schiff base (2Z)-2-(2-Hydroxy-3H-indol-3-ylidinehydrzinE-1-Carbothioamide. Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) complexes, were prepared by the interaction of the metal(II) salts with the synthesized Schiff base. The prepared compounds were analysed by magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, FTIR, AAS, solubility absorbance and empirical formula. The complexes showed moderate values of decomposition temperatures. Infrared spectral data of the Schiff base and the complexes, indicated coordination of the Schiff base to the metal(II) ions via azomethine nitrogen, indole oxygen and thione sulphur. The effective magnetic moment of the complexes suggested an octahedral geometry. The molar conductivities indicated a non-electrolytic nature of these complexes. The results of the absorbance and the empirical formula showed that, the Schiff base is monobasic and tridentate in nature towards the metal ions. Both the ligand and the complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli (bacteria); Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor (indicus species) (fungi). Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole were used as positive control for the bacteria and fungi isolates respectively. The results showed that the complexes are more active than the free ligand but less active when compared with the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer chemotherapy is facing many problems such as patients' intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are continuously trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and use them. Test to find a combination that can overcome these problems. Considering that structures containing Indole rings and toxic Carbazone and Thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in the way of chemotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer properties of new hybrid compounds of Indole attached to Triazole and thiosemicarbazone pharmacophores using the click method. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. Compounds with heterocyclic structures, because they exist in many natural products and exhibit different physicochemical properties, also have different biological effects, which has diversified their use in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer chemotherapy is faced with many problems such as patient intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are constantly trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and test them to find a combination. achieve that can overcome these problems. They are considering that structures containing indole rings and toxic carbazone and thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in chemotherapy. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to their various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2- aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. 7 was investigated. To solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different pharmacophores such as indole, triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity were used. Methods: Derivatives of Indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiHIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this paper, the click reaction was used for the synthesis of compounds. The click reactions were performed under mild conditions in the presence of cheap solvent and in a short time, and the product with high efficiency and purity (lowest amount of side products) is obtained. Click reaction of new derivatives of 3,2,1-triazoles attached to the 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted Decompound Aromatic Azides were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and Triazole were also synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the structure of all the synthesized compounds was analyzed by IR, H-NMR1 and 13 CNMR were confirmed. Results: In order to solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different Pharmacophores such as Indole, Triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to each other It was used to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT method. Conclusion: The results showed that the investigated compounds had a significant cytotoxic effect on the Hela cell line only at the highest concentration (1000 µM) and had no effect at other concentrations and in some cases, including the effect on the MCF line. It seems that the compounds even increased cell growth. This increase in growth is likely to be due to the structural similarity of some compounds with phenolic structures, which has been shown in previous studies that phenolic groups act similar to estrogenic compounds and therefore can mimic growth. According to the results, these compounds can be considered as non-toxic agents for other therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,3,4-trisubstituted thiazoles 3a–i, having a methyl group in position four, were synthesized by the reaction of 1,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides with chloroacetone in ethyl acetate/Et3N at room temperature or in ethanol under reflux. The structures of new compounds were determined using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. Moreover, the structure of compound 3a was unambiguously confirmed with X-ray analysis. The cell viability assay of 3a–i at 50 µM was greater than 87%, and none of the tested substances were cytotoxic. Compounds 3a–i demonstrated good antiproliferative activity, with GI50 values ranging from 37 to 86 nM against the four tested human cancer cell lines, compared to the reference erlotinib, which had a GI50 value of 33 nM. The most potent derivatives were found to be compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, and 3f, with GI50 values ranging from 37 nM to 54 nM. The EGFR-TK and BRAFV600E inhibitory assays' results matched the antiproliferative assay's results, with the most potent derivatives, as antiproliferative agents, also being the most potent EGFR and BRAFV600E inhibitors. The docking computations were employed to investigate the docking modes and scores of compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, and 3f toward BRAFV600E and EGFR. Docking computations demonstrated the good affinity of compound 3f against BRAFV600E and EGFR, with values of −8.7 and −8.5 kcal/mol, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging and re-emerging illnesses will probably present a new hazard of infectious diseases and have fostered the urge to research new antiviral agents. Most of the antiviral agents are analogs of nucleosides and only a few are non-nucleoside antiviral agents. There is quite a less percentage of marketed/clinically approved non-nucleoside antiviral medications. Schiff bases are organic compounds that possess a well-demonstrated profile against cancer, viruses, fungus, and bacteria, as well as in the management of diabetes, chemotherapy-resistant cases, and malarial infections. Schiff bases resemble aldehydes or ketones with an imine/azomethine group instead of a carbonyl ring. Schiff bases have a broad application profile not only in therapeutics/medicine but also in industrial applications. Researchers have synthesized and screened various Schiff base analogs for their antiviral potential. Some of the important heterocyclic compounds like istatin, thiosemicarbazide, quinazoline, quinoyl acetohydrazide, etc. have been used to derive novel Schiff base analogs. Keeping in view the outbreak of viral pandemics and epidemics, this manuscript compiles a review of Schiff base analogs concerning their antiviral properties and structural-activity relationship analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An easy to handle high-efficient approach to 5-polyfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (11 examples, up to 91% yield) is reported. The tautomerism of thione and thiol forms for the obtained products is discussed. A one step procedure for 6,6-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[2,3- c ][1,2,4]triazole formation from trifluoroacetic acid and 4-methallylthiosemicarbazide has been developed. The structures of the products were unambiguously determined by complex NMR investigation and by single crystal X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(–)-(S)-1-[2-(Benzenesulfonamido)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-4-[(4-chloro)phenyl]thiosemicarb-azide was synthesized by condensing (+)-(S)-2-(benzenesulfonamido)-3-phenylpropanylhydrazide with 4-chlorophenyl isothiocyanate in methanol and a single crystal data of [C22H21N4O3S2Cl] is supported by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound, C22H21N4O3S2Cl, has a non-planar configuration and crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with P21 space group with the following parameters: a = 13.174(2) Å, b = 6.9239(13) Å, c = 14.516(3) Å, β = 115.644(5)°, V = 1193.7(4) Å3 and Z = 2. It has been observed that the crystal structure of the obtained compound contains intra- and intermolecular N–H...O and N–H...S hydrogen bonds between benzenesulfonamido and thiosemicarbazide groups. In addition to molecular structure analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis was also examined, and fingerprint plots supported the identification of important intermolecular interactions in molecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present investigation reported one-pot multicomponent synthesis of novel series of 8-benzyloxy-5-{2-[N′-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-hydrazino]-thiazol-4-yl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one derivatives. The titled compounds were synthesized by using one-pot condensation of substituted 3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide, and 8-benzyloxy-5-(2-bromo-acetyl)-1H-quinolin-2-one. Main features of present protocol are environmentally benign, rapid and good to excellent yield of the products (93–99%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potentials of six thiosemicarbazide derivatives towards corrosion inhibition were investigated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) and quantitative structural-activity relationships (QSARs) methods. Their performance as corrosion inhibitors were evaluated using their calculated quantum chemical parameters such as molecular weight, softness, electronegativity, dipole moments, hardness, bandgap energy (ΔE), highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO). Regression analysis was carried out using the ordinary least square method to develop a model that establishes the relationship between chemical parameters and inhibition efficiencies that have been measured experimentally. According to the results, quantum chemical parameters confirm the inhibition potential of TSC5 to be greater than TSC2, while the predicted inhibition efficiencies of the studied thiosemicarbazide derivatives correspond to experimentally reported values with a root mean square error (%) of 1.116 and correlation coefficient of 0.998. The high correlation demonstrates and validates the quantum chemical approach's reliability in studying corrosion inhibition on a metal surface. The validation of the developed model internally and externally demonstrates that it is robust and stable, with high predictability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]