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The objective of this article was to carry out an integrative review aiming to characterize the repercussions of international migration on the life cycle of migrant families residing in Latin American countries. The combination of the keywords family, migration, life cycle, and their corresponding words in Spanish from 2015 to 2020 was used in the database survey (Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Medline). Of the 3,128 articles found, nine met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The organization and analysis of the data were based on content analysis with the help of the qualitative software Atlas.ti, version 9.0.7. The results showed a lack of studies on the thematic interface of family, migration, and family life cycle and that the migratory process has repercussions on the migrant family, from the decision-making process for migration to the reorganization of family dynamics, suffering the crossing of gender and generation; and, feminization was observed in migratory processes. There was a need for studies that deepen and explain the transformations in the family life cycle as a context for the individuals and families development in light of the migratory process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé : L’objectif de cette recherche est de montrer l’impact des transferts monétaires des migrants internationaux de la région de Zinder au Niger. Elle vise à identifier les transferts de fonds qui favorisent le développement socioéconomique des ménages d’origine des migrants. Dans la conduite de notre recherche, les données primaires et secondaires sont utilisées. Dans un premier temps, les résultats de cette recherche ont montré que les migrants transfèrent des fonds en grande majorité dont le but principal est de fournir des supplémentaires à leurs ménages pour répondre aux besoins de base et améliorer les conditions de vie de leurs familles. A cet effet, les transferts monétaires des migrants contribuent positivement au bien-être socioéconomique des ménages d’origine. Ils contribuent à la réduction de la pauvreté en leur permettant d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire, l’accès aux soins de la santé, de l’éducation de leurs enfants et l’amélioration de leur cadre de vie. Les transferts monétaires des migrants offrent aussi aux ménages bénéficiaires un capital économique leur permettant d’exercer des petits commerces, et d’investir dans l’agriculture, l’élevage, le foncier etc.

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Este artículo indaga cómo el modelo del Socialismo del Siglo XXI incrementó la violencia institucional y política. Los autores de este artículo han asumido que este tipo de violencia explica la masiva emigración internacional venezolana observada durante los últimos veinte años. El marco conceptual básico proviene de la teoría push-pull. Para ello se utiliza la Tipología de la Migración de William Petersen, que caracteriza la migración forzada e impulsada que surge de la política migratoria del Estado. Además, los autores de este artículo utilizaron las ideas de Johan Galtung sobre la violencia visible e invisible. Varias fuentes secundarias nacionales e internacionales sustentan la relación entre la violencia y el éxodo masivo internacional. El análisis revela que el clima de tensión, desconfianza en las instituciones, desigualdad y vulneración de derechos fundamentales, desde hace dos décadas, podrían explicar la movilidad internacional de la población venezolana.

New migration configurations, particularly regarding access to resources for arriving migrants in urban contexts, have emerged in Mexico. As a destination for newly arrived international immigrant populations, Mexico City has become especially important. Stranded migration situations have produced fragmented journeys for Latin American migrants who are on their way to the United States. With the strengthening of immigration containment policies and the insecurity in Mexico, the complexity of immigrant journeys has led to new ways of settling in the country, temporarily or permanently. This paper is based on empirical elements to analyze the experiences of migrants who have recently arrived in Mexico City using a perspective centred on their everyday practices in the urban space. It highlights the different tactics and strategies that migrants develop depending on the characteristics of their migration process and their need for access to resources, like housing, employment, health care, and education. We point out that, in a context of restricted access to resources or an immigration status, utilizing alternate and informal strategies in micro‐local spaces is common in the city and part of a negotiated urbanity in an unknown metropolitan environment. We argue that, despite the local intercultural policy implemented by the government of Mexico City, situations of legal precariousness and transitoriness that characterize the urban practices and patterns of incorporation into the city constrain international migrants' access to their rights. Key Messages: Under current immigration control, many migrants settle temporarily or permanently in Mexico City, challenging authorities' efforts to make local inclusive policy reforms truly effective.As settling in the city makes it necessary to activate specific strategies for accessing resources, migrants rely more on new local interactions than pre‐existing social networks or longstanding sociocultural resources.Transient situations lead to partial incorporation into the urban context and limited access to rights, so informality, marginality, and social insecurity remain salient features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e discutir as relações de trabalho de migrantes internacionais no Brasil, mais especificamente no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica. A metodologia é constituída pela coleta de dados a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica. Os movimentos migratórios acontecem a todo o momento, principalmente para países com fronteiras abertas e com leis para regulamentar a situação destes. Quando chegam ao Brasil, os migrantes trazem consigo sua cultura e a saudade de sua terra natal e de quem ficou para trás, além de enfrentarem barreiras para conseguirem ascender no novo lar. Mato Grosso do Sul, por fazer fronteira com dois países, Bolívia e Paraguai, é uma das importantes portas de entrada para nossos vizinhos, que, ao chegar, se instalam no estado ou seguem para outros estados. Um dos principais motivos dos movimentos migratórios são as crises financeiras, o excedente de mão-de-obra e a pobreza, principalmente em países designados como “subdesenvolvidos”. Desta forma, um dos aspectos prioritários dos migrantes é a conquista de um trabalho, como forma de se estabelecer no país de chegada, garantindo a permanência ou saída destas pessoas em seu novo país.

En 2018, le gouvernement chinois a créé l'Administration nationale de l'immigration (ANI), la première agence de niveau national spécifiquement chargée des questions d'immigration. En s'appuyant sur une analyse des politiques publiques et sur des entretiens avec des experts, cet article examine dans quelle mesure la création de l'ANI et ses premières années de fonctionnement sont le signe d'une nouvelle approche étatique de l'immigration, caractérisée jusqu'ici par une attention limitée à la gestion et au contrôle des entrées et des sorties. Alors que l'ANI normalise un discours étatique plus complet sur l'immigration, sa dépendance au sein de la bureaucratie chinoise et le caractère toujours sensible du récent statut de la Chine comme pays de destination migratoire entravent des réformes plus fondamentales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article responds to the following questions: Which sociodemographic characteristics of households influence the reception of remittances in Morelos? What are the differences in household expenditure in basic needs if a household receives internal or international remittances, or if it receives none? Using the National Income and Expenditure Survey of 2016, we employed a logistic regression to examine the factors associated with the reception of remittances, and we analyzed different areas of expenditure by type of household. We present some reflection on a sending community in Morelos (Axochiapan) where we conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with people who receive remittances, who explained the main uses of these resources. We observed household characteristics that favor the reception of remittances, mainly used to satisfy basic needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article is about a case study on migration superdiversity in a rural setting: the Portuguese municipality of Odemira. The phenomenon is contextualized within post-crisis global migration trends to identify some of the main converging topics: lifestyle migration, nature or alternative tourism and global agricultural enclaves. We bring forward the sociological relevance and possibilities of these rural melting pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Les maisons des migrants bâties dans le pays d’origine revêtent de significations différentes: certains migrants les perçoivent comme un moyen de valider leur statut social au sein de la communauté d’origine, tandis que d’autres les conçoivent comme un investissement ou comme une « sécurité » à la retraite, ou bien comme un abri en cas d’échec. Néanmoins, pour la majorité des migrants, la maison reste un « chez soi» lié soit au pays d’origine, soit au pays de destination, le sentiment d’appartenance étant déterminé par l’âge du sujet, le gendre, le niveau d’éducation, les liens familiaux, l’expérience de la migration et les caractéristiques du marché du travail. En utilisant un travail de terrain mené entre 2009 et 2011 dans le village de Marginea, au nord de la Roumanie, l’article examine les facteurs qui influent sur la sémantique de la maison bâtie au village d’origine.

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Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new pattern of global migration is that of skilled or educated people moving from developed to developing countries in search of work. In this qualitative research study, 41 non-Chinese university instructors teaching in Beijing were asked about their decisions to migrate to the mainland. Foreign professors moved to China for various reasons: it had been their last resort, for research purposes and career advancement, or for adventure. The instructors collectively maintained that teaching at Chinese universities did not have the same level of prestige or respect as teaching at universities in western countries. To combat perceived lower social status, international professors in China rationalized their new temporary positions by creating a positive sense of self and situation. This article describes the ways in which prestige is maintained by professors dealing with perceived social downgrade. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines the effects of international migration on the probability of divorce among Ghanaian couples in 2009. Couples that experienced joint migration, and those where the husband and/or the wife migrated alone are compared with couples with no migration experience. The relationship between migration and divorce is contextualized with anthropological insights into marital relationships in Ghana. Ghanaian data from the Migrations between Africa and Europe (MAFE) research programme, containing retrospective information on married couples, are analysed. Discrete-time event history analysis shows that migrant couples have higher divorce rates than non-migrant couples, but only when the wife migrated, either independently or jointly. Couples who spend longer periods apart are also more likely to divorce, especially when it is the husband who migrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onward mobility – leaving the country of destination in order to move to a third country – is an under-researched phenomenon which challenges the idea that migration is a one-off event, leading to permanent settlement in the country of destination. Taking advantage of a recent multi-sited survey on migration between Senegal and France, Italy and Spain, this article examines the drivers of onward mobility within Europe. The biographic nature of the data enables us to adopt a life-course perspective and to analyse, in a discrete-time event history framework, the ways in which processes of economic, legal and social integration at destination shape subsequent mobility trajectories. Findings show that the low-skilled, the self-employed and the unemployed, as well as those lacking longer-term residence permits are the most likely to re-migrate. Furthermore, the presence of kin and friends in the country of settlement discourages remigration, whereas social ties in other European countries constitute one of the most important resources in triggering onward mobility within Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article explains the variation in the life satisfaction of international migrants across Europe using the idea of the cultural embeddedness of subjective well-being, expressed in various approaches such as social comparison theory, the Easterlin paradox and Cummins’ (2003) assumption of normativeness. The authors claim that immigrants’ levels of life satisfaction will be the subject of a dual contextuality. First, the cultural heritage of the country of origin has a pervasive influence long after migration. Second, a permanent upward adjustment is likely to occur toward the average level of life satisfaction in the country of current residence. Additional interaction effects, namely the impact of cultural distance and exposure to the two relevant cultures, are also considered. For testing, the authors employ multilevel cross-classified models on data from the 2008 wave of the European Values Study. The findings indicate that both origin and host societies provide relevant contextual frameworks and mould immigrants’ life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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This article examines residential mobility for seniors 65 years of age and older in Canada using census data from 1961-2006. We addressed three questions. First, have seniors been increasingly likely to change their residential location within Canada or alternatively become increasingly likely to age-in-place? Second, has the in-migration of seniors to Canada from other countries become more pronounced over the years? Third, does the residential mobility of seniors vary by age and sex? We used census data to calculate the percentages of seniors who changed their residence in the five-year periods prior to each of the 1961-2006 censuses and the percentages of seniors who moved in the previous year for the 1991-2006 censuses. We calculated the percentages of seniors making local moves, longer distance moves within the same province, moves from one province to another, and moves to Canada from another country. We found that rates of residential mobility for seniors tended to increase in the 1961-1981 period but have been lower and relatively consistent from 1986-2006. We found no evidence to suggest a pattern of sustained increase in residential mobility of seniors. We conclude that Canadian seniors tend to age-in-place and that when seniors do change residence, the likelihood of residential mobility decreases with the distance of the move and decreases with age. Nevertheless, the likelihood of changing residence may increase for seniors 75+ years of age who need assistance and are at risk of institutionalization. We found that senior women were more likely to change residence locally than senior men. Finally, we found that from 1961 to 2006 between 0.8 percent and 1.4 percent of seniors had migrated to Canada in the five years prior to each census from other countries and that this pattern has fluctuated over the past half century with no clear trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we develop, estimate, and simulate a nested logit model of migration among 59 Canadian and US sub-national areas, using over 70,000 microdata observations on workers across all deciles of the skill distribution obtained from the US and Canadian censuses of 2000/2001. Combining microdata on individual workers with area data, we are able to consider the effects on worker migration of tax policy differences across countries. Our ability to identify highly skilled individuals using these data enables us to simulate the effects of changes to taxes (under balanced budget conditions) on the migration propensities of individuals, as well as the magnitude of the aggregate migration streams. Simulations suggest that increasing Canadian after-tax returns to skills and implementing fiscal equalization (reducing the average Canadian tax rate to the average US level with offsetting expenditure reductions to maintain budget neutrality) would effectively reduce southward migration, especially amongst highly skilled workers. The required reductions in tax rates and public expenditures are relatively large, however, and therefore would be expected to raise other substantial public policy concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become almost a truism to claim that local development is strongly dependent on a region's endowment in human capital (HC). Endogenous growth theory, elaborated principally at the national scale, has provided the theoretical framework for this idea, and recent work by Richard Florida has popularised the notion, in particular the idea that regions should attempt to attract mobile talent. In this paper we explore certain regional determinants of local HC growth (as measured by the number of degree holders), distinguishing between international immigration, internal migration and endogenous increases. We show that each type of HC growth responds to different geographic and local determinants and that there exist some basic geo-structural determinants of HC flows that are not related to a locality's particular amenities. Finally, a reverse analysis of amenity variables as basic determinants of internal migration shows a possible shift in attractiveness from mostly regional factors (certain parts of Canada are more attractive than others) to structural ones of size and centrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Writings on international migrations have emphasized the importance of social networks. Most studies have focused on how migration networks contribute to Launching and sustaining the flow of immigrants. Less attention has been paid to the persons who, after settling in the destination country, maintain networks and thus help newcomers. This article uses data collected in 2008 from 832 Romanians in the Madrid metropolitan area, a definite case of network-based immigration. Regression models have been used to investigate the factors that, at the level of individuals, are related to variations in the provision of help by immigrants to newcomers. There is an initial period characterized by frequent acts of mutual aid within the network; but the longer immigrants stay in the host society, the less helpful they are to newcomers, even when relations are maintained between the two. This effect can be observed in matters having to do with human and material capital, as well as in various indicators of sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the development of transportation and mobility in Africa, and more particularly on the migratory flows of Western Africans at an international level. Topics include a reflection on the general relation between transportation and migration, a description of economic reasons explaining the permanence of migratory flows within West-African countries, and the transportation factor in individual and collective migratory paths. An analysis of the issue of international migrations transforming local transportation is provided.

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The article focuses on the international migrations of Brazilians, and especially studies the return of immigrants to Brazil. According to the article, immigrants coming back to Brazil are mostly returning from Paraguay, the U.S., and Japan. Based on these three cases of Brazilian migrations, the article proposes an analysis of return immigration compared to the reasons why people left in the first place. The importance of social characteristics in the examination of migratory movements is explored.

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Economic downturns and the toughening of immigration policies constitute a serious hurdle to international migration. In this context, migration must be perceived as a collective strategy, one that mobilizes economic, political, social and cultural forces in the countries of origin, transit and destination; the contours of this migratory space depending on the solidarity networks in place. The points of intersection of migratory network poles can be more or less firm, depending on the density of links established by their members. What are the anchor points of these networks? How are they constituted and how do they become points of contact between countries of origin and countries of destination of migratory flows? This paper tries to answer theses questions, with a focus on the role of urban districts in the explanation of international migration dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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MCDOWELL J. M. And SINGELL L. D. Jr (1993) An assessment of the human capital content of international migrants: an application to US immigration, Reg. Studies 27, 351–363. Numerous studies have examined the flow of international migrants. Generally, these studies measure the extent or magnitude of international migration by use of a simple numerical count. This paper extends this analysis by providing a methodology for adding an economic dimension to the measure of the magnitude of international migration. An earnings equation approach is used to attach an economic value to immigration. Applying our methodology to US immigration, we find considerable variation across source regions in the value of immigrants. Moreover, we find that simply comparing initial earnings without controlling for differences in the characteristics and migration patterns of immigrants from the various source regions can misrepresent the relative earnings potential or value of migrants. MCDOWELL J. M. Et SINGELL L. D. Jr (1993) Une évaluation des migrants internationaux en termes de leur investissement dans le capital humain: l'immigration aux Etats-Unis, Reg. Studies 27, 351–363. De nombreuses études ont examiné le flux de migrants internationaux. Normalement de telles études mesurent la portée ou l'ampleur de la migration internationale à partir d'un simple calcul numérique. Cet article cherche à développer cette analyse tout en fournissant une méthodologie qui permet l'adjonction d'une dimension économique à la mesure de l'ampleur de la migration internationale. Afin d'accorder à l'immigration cette valeur économique on utilise une équation des salaires. II résulte de cette méthodologie ainsi appliquée aux Etats-Unis une variation considérable aux régions d'origine dans la valeur des immigrés. En outre il s'avère qu'une simple comparaison des premiers salaires sans tenir compte des différences des caractéristiques et des distributions migratoires des immigrés en provenance des diverses régions d'origine pourrait fausser les gains potentiels relatifs ou la valeur des migrants. MCDOWELL J. M. Und SINGELL L. D. Jr (1993) Eine Beurteilung des Gehalts menschlichen Kapitals internationaler Migranten: eine Anwendung auf die Einwanderung in die Vereinigten Staaten, Reg. Studies 27, 351–363. Der Strom internationaler Migranten ist der Untersuchungs-gegenstand vieler Studien gewesen. Diese Untersuchungen messen gewöhnlich Ausmaß oder Umfang internationaler Wanderung durch einfaches Abzählen. Dieser Aufsatz weitet die Analyse aus, indem sie eine Methodologie bereitstellt, die dem Maß des Umfangs der internationalen Wanderung eine wirtschaftliche Dimension beifügt. Es wird ein Einkommensgleichungsansatz benutzt, um der Wanderung einen wirtschaftlichen Wert zuzumessen. Bei der Anwendung der Methodologie auf Einwanderung in die Vereinigten Staaten wurden beträchtliche Variationen im Wert der Immigranten verschiedener Herkunftsländer festgestellt. Es stellte sich außerdem heraus, daß ein einfacher Vergleich anfänglichen Erwerbs ohne zugleich Unterschiede in Eigenschaften und Wandermustern von Einwanderen verschiedener Ursprungsgebiete zu berücksichtigen, ein falsches Bild vom relativen Erwerbspotential oder Wert der Einwanderer geben kann. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]