Search

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A partir do entendimento de Marx e Lenin sobre as formas de desenvolvimento, este artigo apresenta as bases da formação socioeconômica do Brasil e de Santa Catarina e considerações sobre o setor catarinense de infraestrutura de distribuição de gás natural. Utilizam-se os pensadores Ignacio Rangel e Armen Mamigonian como alicerces principais para analisar a realidade desses processos de formação nacional e estadual, incluindo o papel desempenhado pelo centro do sistema econômico mundial que influi nos ciclos brasileiros. O estudo também inclui a composição histórica da política regional e municipal do estado de Santa Catarina e a consequente indicação de lideranças para comandar um serviço público que opera em sistema de concessão. Como resultado, evidencia o protagonismo do papel dos pactos de poder articulados entre a junção das classes política e econômica como unidade direcionadora das vias de desenvolvimento no Brasil pós-Revolução de 1930, igualmente cumprindo sua influência sobre um setor estratégico de infraestrutura como no caso do gás natural.

Este trabalho é dedicado à simulação numérica do escoamento de gás natural em reservatórios não convencionais na presença dos efeitos de adsorção e escorregamento. Uma formulação numérica totalmente implícita, utilizando o método Control Volume Finite Difference (CVFD), foi adotada tendo em vista a resolução numérica da equação diferencial parcial não linear que governa o escoamento da fase gás. O método dos Gradientes Conjugados foi utilizado na solução do sistema de equações algébricas obtidas a partir do processo de discretização. A fim de melhorar a eficiência computacional, a Application Programming Interface (API) Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) foi empregada na paralelização do método dos Gradientes Conjugados. Uma análise de sensibilidade foi realizada e mostrou-se que foi possível alcançar, para as simulações consideradas, valores de speedup superiores a 5.

This article explores the role of energy in regionalization processes, assessing the case of natural gas finds in the Eastern Mediterranean (East Med). It makes three observations. First, we show that energy resources are a defining factor in shaping a region by rearranging the interactions and networks of actors involved in regionalization processes. Second, we demonstrate that such "energization" processes are not only—and not even primarily—attributable to security practices pursued by state actors. Regionalization underpinned by energy as the key governance object is characterized by a variety of actors, including governments, but also international energy companies, investors, consumers, and regulators. Third, we posit that regionalization processes cannot be fully understood without appreciating the importance of existing global and regional governance frameworks and the values ascribed to the physical resource by international market forces. The findings call on International Relations to go beyond analyzing the East Med energy region through the prism of security studies, which arguably is a function of both theoretical path dependence and a lack of attention to the insights from energy studies. Instead, a multidisciplinary research agenda promises to strengthen academic inquiry into regionalization dynamics in the East Med and the role of regions in world politics more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Este artículo realiza un análisis jurídico de la Resolución 40066 de 2022 del Ministerio de Minas y Energía desde su implementación en el escenario normativo colombiano, los beneficios y retos que supone para las empresas del sector de hidrocarburos, y su acoplamiento jurídicamente con los contratos de exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos. Objetivo: Estudiar el marco jurídico, los balances, los retos y las perspectivas de la Resolución 40066 de 2022 como parte de la estrategia global de lucha contra el cambio climático en materia de control en la detección, la reparación de fugas, el aprovechamiento, la quema y el venteo de gas natural. Metodología: La metodología escogida es el análisis documental de doctrina nacional y normatividad vigente, con miras a descomponer la información recopilada en bases de datos jurídicas y especializadas. Conclusiones: Como resultado, se analiza el contexto constitucional, legislativo y regulatorio colombiano y, a modo de reflexión, se presentan unas consideraciones proceso de acoplamiento jurídico de la citada resolución con los contratos de exploración o explotación de hidrocarburos.

The article investigates the debates and controversies that emerge around the possibility of natural gas serving as a bridge fuel in a global context of energy transition. We consider here both the problems related to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the territorial impacts of the megaprojects that are required for their production. In particular, we will problematize these issues regarding the extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons in Vaca Muerta, a geological formation located in the North Patagonian area of Argentina. In a context marked by the worsening of the socio-ecological crisis, we propose to reflect on the existing national expectation around these fossil resources to satisfy the demand of the internal market and strengthen exports. The work is the result of an investigation carried out with a qualitative orientation, favoring the analysis of secondary sources, documents, reports, public statements by relevant actors, specialized bibliography on the problem, and field observations carried out between 2019 and 2021 in the province of Neuquén. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role of natural gas in the urban-industrial formation of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina and its association with the regional development process of thissub-national unit. Geographer Armen Mamigonian'stheory supports the study, which uses bibliographical and documentary research as well as an empirical approach to the subject of natural gas. The results show that the current situation of natural gas in Santa Catarina is the result of its consumption in the thermo-intensive manufacturing sector, making it another instrument that strengthens the concentration of production on Santa Catarina's Atlantic coast. Natural gas therefore has dual and contradictory characteristics, as its supply contributes to the process of socio-spatial development but reinforces regional inequality as it is not available in other regions of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo indaga en los debates y controversias que emergen en torno a la posibilidad de que el gas natural oficie como combustible puente en un contexto global de transición energética. Se consideran los problemas ligados con las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y los impactos territoriales de los megaproyectos que se requieren para su producción. En particular, se problematizan estas cuestiones respecto de la extracción de hidrocarburos no convencionales en Vaca Muerta, una formación geológica ubicada en la zona norpatagónica de Argentina. En un contexto marcado por el agravamiento de la crisis socioecológica, se propone reflexionar sobre la expectativa nacional existente alrededor de estos recursos fósiles para satisfacer la demanda del mercado interno y fortalecer la exportación. El trabajo es resultado de una investigación con orientación cualitativa, privilegiando el análisis de fuentes secundarias como documentos, informes, legislaciones, declaraciones públicas de actores relevantes y bibliografía especializada sobre la problemática, sustentada también en observaciones de campo realizadas entre el 2019 y el 2021 en la provincia de Neuquén.

El presente artículo aborda los procesos de liberalización y privatización de los servicios públicos económicos en el marco de la economía social de mercado en el Perú. Se brinda el significado de liberalización y privatización para diferenciar sus alcances y diferencias, para posteriormente explicar cómo se han aplicado procesos en el Perú, particularmente en los servicios públicos de telecomunicaciones, electricidad, gas natural, y agua potable y saneamiento.

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciência da Informação is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciencia da Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the evolution of the EU's energy and climate policy to explain that since Russia invaded Ukraine, a reformulation has occurred, characterized by the reconciliation of climate objectives with energy security and the flexibility of the environmental dimension. This rearrangement of the objectives of environmental policies has begun to take shape with the REPowerUE Plan, an energy package with which the EU intends to respond to the two dimensions of Europe's energy crisis: the need to deepen the transition towards climate neutrality and the duty to abandon dependence on Russian hydrocarbons. The review is based on two specific measures: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1214 and Council Regulation EU 2022/2577, key regulations for the massive deployment of renewable energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la Revisión Tarifaria Integral del gas natural de 2016 sobre el sector residencial argentino, para ello, se indagó en las variaciones del gasto destinado al gas natural sobre el gasto total de los hogares y el consumo de dicho combustible entre 2012-2013 y 2017-2018 en dos escalas territoriales (nacional y provincial), se utilizó información proveniente de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de Hogares y del Enargas. Los resultados demuestran incrementos notorios en la incidencia del gasto en gas natural sobre el gasto total y reducciones en el consumo promedio de este vector en ambas escalas.

The article analyzes the role of natural gas in today's geopolitical dynamics and highlights its important role in the imperialist dispute. As a theoretical reference, it uses the Marxist and Leninist perspectives, supported by Ignacio Rangel and Armen Mamigonian. The analysis considers the bibliography and the empirical view on this sector of the energy sector. As a result, it shows that, just as many wars and other historical conflicts have energy as the main agent, imperialism reveals, in a non-episodic way, a western option contrary to socialist forms in the international division of labor. It also attests that this strategy is based on the delay in promoting new infrastructure and, as a consequence, on activities that confront uneven regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo principal del presente análisis es identificar el impacto que la política regulatoria generó sobre la rentabilidad y eficiencia de las empresas distribuidoras de gas argentinas. El estudio se aborda desde dos enfoques metodológicos: a) determinación de la eficiencia relativa de las empresas argentinas mediante Fronteras de Eficiencia; b) análisis de impacto regulatorio (RIA) sobre la rentabilidad de las empresas argentinas, medido a través de una serie de indicadores financieros, contables y comerciales. Se concluye que, las empresas argentinas, para el período analizado, resultaron relativamente más eficientes que el resto de las empresas de la región latinoamericana. Esta mayor eficiencia se dio tanto en costos operacionales (Opex), como en costos totales (Totex). Esta eficiencia no se vio trasladada hacia una mayor rentabilidad, por el contrario, fue la caída en los márgenes de rentabilidad la que obligó a las empresas argentinas a tornarse más eficientes. El ajuste, para mantener los márgenes, se trasladó en una reducción en el número de nuevos clientes, como así también en una política de desinversión general de la industria.

O texto parte da premissa presente no título, e guiado pela necessidade de trazer respostas às perguntas, nomeadamente “como se explica que um país com um histórico de baixo IPP, esteja aparentemente a desafiar as decisões multilaterais relativamente à necessidade de resposta global às mudanças climáticas, e não exploração de recursos energéticos fósseis”, e “qual o impacto desse desafio nas suas abordagens desenvolvimentistas?”, primeiro constrói uma narrativa das circunstâncias dessa actuação, nomeadamente as decisões da COP26 e potenciais impactos sobre os países dependentes de recursos naturais, a matriz energética europeia e a dependência do gás russo, as quais conjugadas, ditaram comportamento de endosso do extrativismo moçambicano, segundo estuda o caso moçambicano, contextualizando a exploração de hidrocarbonetos, caracterizando o endosso extractivista, indicando actores, e razões, e referencia a “ajuda” Russa materializada por mercado potencial resultante do desenlace com a UE, no qual Moçambique pode disputar uma quota, e apresenta o potencial de desenvolvimento associado, e desafios emergentes, e aborda o tema do desenvolvimento com base na exploração de recursos naturais, trazendo lições de boas e más práticas, para refrear euforia e contribuir na reflexão em vista ao desenho de uma trajectória transformacional impactada pelas oportunidades do extrativismo.

Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The central thesis of this commentary focuses on the paradox of two wars occurring in parallel with Russian aggression in Ukraine. It is not just that—in addition to military action—there is a geopolitical tsunami and its consequences in the form of a possible food crisis, mass migration, or an already open energy war. The paradox relates to the fact that a potential Ukrainian victory could have adverse effects on the welfare of European countries as a consequence of the embargo on Russian hydrocarbons and the need to replace them (assuming there is no return to the ancien régime before the Russian aggression of February 24, 2022). The defeat of the Ukrainians, on the other hand, could lead to a so-called "new opening" and a gradual return to the import of Russian energy resources (which, although they will not obtain the pre-war volume, will provide energy stability for Europe in a period of diversifying contracts and developing investments in renewable energy sources). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sector de los hidrocarburos en las últimas décadas tomo una vital importancia en la economía boliviana en especial el gas natural, ya que constituyen una buena fuente de ingresos para el Estado. Por tal motivo, en este artículo se analiza si el incremento de las exportaciones de los volúmenes de gas natural y la inversión extranjera directa tuvieron un resultado positivo en el crecimiento económico de Bolivia. Asimismo, se determina cómo la nacionalización de los hidrocarburos en el año 2006 repercutió de manera positiva o no en la economía boliviana. Para esto, en primer término, se aplicaron pruebas de raíz unitarias luego pruebas de cointegración estadística y se estimaron vectores de corrección de errores para determinar la existencia de una relación de largo plazo y la posible causalidad entre las variables. De esta forma, las estimaciones muestran una relación de largo plazo entre el PIB, la IED, la exportación de gas natural y el precio de venta de gas natural, sin embargo, no existen efectos a corto plazo. Particularmente, las exportaciones de gas natural y la IED no muestran causalidad sobre el PIB. Por último, se muestra que la nacionalización ocasionó un cambio estructural negativo en el crecimiento económico de Bolivia.

Based on the OECD literature and the analysis of the cases EBSA, EPM, Electricaribe, Electrohuila and Emgesa-Efigas, the authors explore the benefits of complementarity and the problem of inconsistency that are produced by the coexistence between the Superintendency of Public Services and the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce as enforcement authorities for the promotion and protection of competition. The authors argue that the current coexistence generates inefficiencies in the functioning of the Government, a situation that could be overcome if Law 142 of 1994 is modified in the sense of equating the enforcement tools. In addition, to overcome the risk of inconsistency, it is necessary for both authorities to advance in the alternatives recommended by the OECD to improve inter-institutional coordination, such as: (i) agreements to share information; (ii) exchange of officials; and (iii) preparation of joint reports, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Tecnologia Aplicada is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos Argentina Brasil is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el presente artículo, el autor presenta un análisis de los aspectos positivos y negativos de la planificación estatal en los sectores de electricidad y de gas natural. En ambos sectores señala como la intervención planificadora por parte del Estado se ha ido fortaleciendo con el paso de los años. Sin embargo, indica también los problemas que aún presenta. El autor recalca la importancia de la planificación estatal en un régimen de economía social de mercado, y en complemento a ello, señala la problemática que se genera para el Estado cuando las empresas no tienen incentivos suficientes para atender la demanda, pues es ahí dónde el Estado tiene que intervenir por medio de empresas públicas. Asimismo, el autor presenta ciertas recomendaciones que realiza la Comisión Multisectorial de Reforma del Subsector Eléctrico para contribuir con la problemática que se ha generado en diversos casos por la falta de una eficiente planificación estatal.

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar as emissões de CO2 e um possível aumento de consumo de combustíveis fósseis, num contexto que estuda o Trilema de Energia e desenvolvimento dos países dos BRICS. Metodologia/Abordagem: A partir de conhecimento empírico e dados disponíveis no portal da Agência Internacional de Energia (IEA) e Relatório de Trilema de Energia, a pesquisa analisa matriz energética, elétrica, população, emissões, produto interno bruto (PIB) e índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH). Conclusões: Não foi observado um padrão entre desenvolvimento e participação de energia renovável. Porém, países com alto IDH apresentam um sistema energético mais bem avaliado. Houve piora do Brasil nas emissões per capita, intensidade energética e carbônica. Entretanto, essa mudança não está relacionada com o crescimento no consumo de gás natural. Limitações da Pesquisa: As bases de dados limitaram o estudo, pela diferença de linha temporal do Conselho de Energia Mundial (WEC) e a Agência Internacional de Energia (IEA) e pela falta do detalhe do cálculo da nota do Trilema de Energia. Originalidade/Valor do artigo: Uma análise comparativa que relaciona o Brasil com países semelhantes, como por exemplo os do grupo dos BRICS, contribuindo para a equidade energética o que diminui o custo da eletricidade sem prejuízo ecológico.

O gás natural é um combustível fóssil que se encontra na natureza, normalmente em reservatórios profundos, associado ou não ao petróleo. Utilizado como combustível com vários destinos, como por exemplo: automóveis, residências e comércios, como fornecimento de eletricidade e calor e é designado como matéria-prima na indústria petroquímica e tem outros destinos em outras indústrias. Com o objetivo de analisar o processo de obtenção desse gás, estudando os problemas relacionado ao processo e as variáveis fundamentais como temperatura, vazão e pressão, utilizando-se como metodologia para observação e problematização o Arco de Maguerez, com finalidade de se aprofundar no assunto para resolução dos problemas operacionais.

El presente estudio brinda una aproximación jurídica al concepto de pobreza energética y sus principales características para ser atendida adecuadamente desde el Derecho Público Económico. El enfoque multidimensional de la pobreza energética se aterriza en el ordenamiento peruano a partir de la experiencia normativa y de políticas públicas emprendidas por este país en los sectores de electricidad y gas natural. El estudio advierte destacados avances en la reducción de la brecha de pobreza energética, pero también algunos retos que aún quedan por ser atendidos para la reducción efectiva de la misma.

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal Mundo Asia Pacífico is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes the construction of a multiple regression statistical model based on census information that allows estimating the natural gas consumption per user in an urban area. This model was tested in a hypothetical urban expansion, for which fifteen possible morphologies were evaluated. For each of them, the natural gas consumption was obtained to identify the most efficient urban configuration. The obtained model has an R² =0.60 and allowed the identification of key variables in the determination of natural gas consumption which, for La Plata city, were: the percentage of apartments, the average number of rooms per household and the percentage of inactive people. The methodology here developed can be replicated in other study cases of similar scale, with its pertinent adjustments; it can generate specific arguments for each case to the discussion between compact and diffuse cities; and, in addition, it can contribute to decision-making in urban planning based on an energy approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualidad Economica (0327585X) is the property of Instituto de Economia y Finanzas de la Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo analiza los debates y controversias que se desarrollan en torno al gas natural como combustible puente en el marco de la transición energética, el cambio climático y la crisis socioecológica. Asimismo, se problematiza la explotación del gas no convencional en el megaproyecto Vaca Muerta, ubicado en Argentina, revisando las controversias en torno a su sustentabilidad y viabilidad. En esta dirección, y a partir de un análisis cualitativo, se indaga en las distintas advertencias ligadas a los efectos ambientales, territoriales, económicos y productivos por la explotación de este combustible fósil.

La matriz energética mundial está basada en combustibles fósiles que emiten enormes cantidades de GEI causantes del cambio climático, con graves consecuencias sobre nuestro planeta. En las últimas dos décadas, las energías renovables han aumentado su participación para mitigar los efectos sobre el clima. En este trabajo, se evalúa el rol del gas natural en la transición energética, considerando políticas energéticas e innovaciones tecnológicas. Fue aplicado el método de Delphi contando con expertos en energía y ambiente. Los resultados muestran tres factores clave: gas natural como combustible fósil más amigable con el ambiente, energías renovables no podrán satisfacer 100% de la demanda y alta variabilidad del suministro eléctrico basado en energías eólica y solar. Además, se visualizan dos oportunidades relevantes: crecimiento del consumo de energía y expansión del negocio del GNL. Estos hallazgos permiten señalar que el gas natural fungirá como combustible-puente en la transición hacia energías más limpias.

A partir de la promulgación de la reforma energética de 2013 en México, se abrió la posibilidad de incorporar en el Mercado Mexicano de Derivados (MexDer) contratos de derivados de gas natural. Esta investigación examina la viabilidad de introducir contratos de derivados de gas natural en el MexDer. Para ello, la proyección de la oferta de gas natural se calcula con el modelo de Hubert, y la de la demanda se obtiene mediante una novedosa combinación de los modelos de Grey y de Vasicek. Posteriormente mediante simulación Monte Carlo se calculan las primas de un contrato de futuros y uno de opciones europeas sobre el precio del gas natural, los cuales fueron diseñados acorde a la normatividad del MexDer. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que por el momento dichos contratos no son viables, fundamentalmente por el reducido volumen de los posibles contratos de cobertura, lo anterior constituye un resultado relevante para las finanzas del país, dado que actualmente el gobierno mexicano solo contrata coberturas petroleras en mercados de derivados extranjeros.

A integração regional sul-americana é um objetivo antigo das nações que compõe o subcontinente e algo almejado pelo pensamento geopolítico brasileiro a fim de aumentar sua projeção internacional. O desenvolvimento econômico e a obtenção de soberania são as principais motivações. A questão energética é parte fundamental deste processo, tanto para produção de excedente econômico quanto no uso soberano e estratégico dos recursos locais. A rede de gasodutos que trespassa o território sul-americano é provavelmente a maior materialização espacial desta integração, conectando diversos fixos dos territórios sul-americanos e demonstrando avanços técnicos no transporte de gás natural. Contudo, ela também revela diversas lacunas no êxito deste processo, como a ausência de uma rede maior que de fato conecte plenamente o subcontinente. Ela também evidencia a integração regional como um objetivo secundário nas agendas locais que priorizam assuntos internos, tal qual o próprio Brasil.

The Royal Decree-Law 6/2022 adopts urgent measures in response to the economic and social consequences of the war in Ukraine. The increase in the price of natural gas and oil has led to higher costs of raw materials and intermediate goods, resulting in increased inflation and a slowdown in growth. Sectors such as road transport, fishing, agriculture, and livestock are particularly affected by the rising energy prices. The Spanish government has implemented measures to accelerate the energy transition and reduce dependence on imported fuels, as well as to promote renewable energies and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transportation. Furthermore, modifications have been made to the Water Law to regulate the administrative concessions necessary for the installation of photovoltaic solar plants in the public hydraulic domain. These measures will come into effect on March 31, 2022. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Dyna is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Facultad de Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Critical infrastructure systems that provide local public services are owned by a complicated array of public and private entities that are subject to disparate regulatory regimes. Determining whether and why performance differences between public and private service providers emerge in these different contexts is critical for understanding the efficacy of current management efforts and informing policy choices about how to deal with public and private service providers. This paper analyzes a census of all U.S. gas distributors and a more detailed sample of the largest utilities in the United States to model how sector and regional market concentration relate to infrastructure quality and leak volumes. Using safety reports, market data, and yearly infrastructure records submitted by gas distributors from 2010 to 2017, the article uses a series of Bayesian hierarchical models to show that publicly owned utilities report lower quality infrastructure (i.e., operation of pipelines with lower quality materials), but also self‐report significantly lower leak rates, all else equal. The article concludes by discussing potential explanations for this discrepancy, including the capital investment incentives private utilities face under cost‐of‐service pricing regulations and the fact that performance measurement capacity is itself a potential outgrowth of increased investment and expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La biofiltración de gases sobre lecho fijo orgánico funciona como filtro natural con alta porosidad y propiedades de sorción. Por una parte, retiene los contaminantes por procesos físico químicos y por otra sirve de soporte para el crecimiento de microorganismos degradadores. La aplicación de mezclas complejas como lodos activos para inoculación de biofiltros, resulta más conveniente que el empleo de especies aisladas. Con ello se garantiza un medio de cultivo favorable para el desarrollo de microorganismos, que cierran los ciclos biogeoquímicos de elementos como azufre, carbono, nitrógeno y fósforo. Sin embargo, pueden surgir problemas en cuanto a las regulaciones para el vertimiento del efluente a fin de preservar la calidad de las aguas terrestres receptoras. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad del efluente residual de un sistema de tratamiento biológico de gas natural Materiales y Métodos: Para ello se determinaron parámetros químicos y microbiológicos según normas (APHA-AWWA-WEF, 2005) e ISO. Resultados y Discusión: Se demostró que existe un crecimiento de bacterias y hongos degradadores de H2S(g) del gas natural de 6,0·108 UFC.mL-1; y se corroboró que existe un aumento gradual de la concentración de sulfato de 20,4 a 867,51 mg.L-1, como producto de esa degradación. Conclusiones: Se observó una fuerte correlación entre el desarrollo bacteriano y la disminución del contenido de nitrógeno en el sistema y fue posible remover en el efluente otros indicadores de contaminación tales como coliformes fecales, DQO, DBO y sólidos sedimentables, con el fin de mejorar la calidad del vertimiento.

The Royal Decree-Law 29/2021 introduces urgent measures in the energy sector to promote electric mobility, self-consumption, and the deployment of renewable energies. The aim is to eliminate regulatory barriers that hinder the progress of these technologies. Regarding electric mobility, the infrastructure for public charging on state roads is promoted, and obligations and deadlines are established for the installation of high-capacity charging points. Collective self-consumption is also facilitated, and the costs of the electricity and natural gas bill are reduced. In addition, deadlines for renewable energy projects are extended, and experimental and innovative projects are allowed. [Extracted from the article]

Angela Merkel's energy policy in Germany beginning in the 2010s has been marked by the accelerated implementation of the energy transition plan known as "Energiewende". The plan, which has involved as its central component aggressive denuclearization in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima crisis, has resulted in a revolution in the country's energy sector, especially with regard to the country's extensive use of nuclear energy. This has left Germany in the position of replacing a relatively clean energy source with more polluting ones, such as lignite and natural gas, resulting in a paradox given the 'green' nature of the plan. This article analyzes private economic impacts of the plan as well as changes in energy sources and carbon emissions resulting from the Energiewende from 2010 to 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in pollutant emissions has generated the development of clean technologies and encouraged the use of alternative fuels like syngas. Flameless combustion is one of the most promising clean technologies due to lower pollutants emissions and high thermal efficiency. In the present study, regenerative furnace simulation under flameless combustion was carried out using a fuel mixture of 70% natural gas and 30% syngas with high H2 content (in vol.); by mean of CFD approach. A symmetrical mesh with 405,632 hexahedral cells was used in the calculations. The κ-ε standard, discrete ordinates and Eddy Dissipation Concept models were used for physical phenomena of turbulence, radiation and turbulence - chemistry interaction, respectively. The combustion chambers thermal uniformity factor was 0.3 and 0.1 for vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. The results confirm that it is possible to achieve the flameless combustion regime in a regenerative furnace using the addition of syngas, preserving the temperature and reaction zone uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Económico de ICE is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Offshore wind energy production is non-existent in Brazil, although is currently considered in the country's expansion plans. New and promising oil and gas fields have recently been discovered in the Sergipe and Alagoas basin, corresponding to one third of current Brazilian production. This work analyzes the technical and economic viability of an Offshore Wind Farm to supply the energy demand of a Floating Liquified Natural Gas proposed to be used in those fields. The resulting estimated cost of capital and levelized cost of energy were in line with international values. However, the project proved to be unfeasible due to the high cost for its size and the low average price of energy generation. Nonetheless, the synergy between the oil and gas sector and offshore wind may include benefits such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions within the sector itself, making the non-renewable resource available for more noble use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las reformas económicas desplegadas durante la década de 1990 transformaron la estructura social en la Argentina y los servicios públicos energéticos no fueron la excepción, ya que se privatizaron sus principales empresas. Tras la salida de la convertibilidad en 2002 y la interrupción del marco regulatorio, ¿cuáles fueron las transformaciones de la intervención del Estado en los servicios públicos luego de la sanción de la ley de emergencia pública de 2002? ¿Cuáles fueron sus efectos sobre los ingresos y el desempeño de las empresas? El objetivo del artículo es revisar las transformaciones en la regulación tarifaria del servicio público de gas natural residencial en la posconvertibilidad (2002-2017), a partir del análisis de los cambios en la orientación de la intervención del Estado respecto de la década de 1990 y cómo estos impactaron en los ingresos y en la rentabilidad de las principales empresas del sector.

La tecnología Solar EOR actualmente desempeña un papel importante en la combinación de tecnologías EOR para procesos de recobro térmico con inyección continua de vapor; dado que, en lugar de quemar gas natural para producir vapor, Solar EORinvolucra el uso de la tecnología de concentración de energía solar (CSP) para producir vapor. El mecanismo de operación consiste en instalar espejos parabólicos protegidos por un invernadero, que reflejan y concentran la luz solar en los receptores que recogen energía solar y luego la convierten en calor. El calor se usa para producir vapor del agua; Solar EOR puede generar la misma calidad y temperatura de vapor como gas natural. En Colombia existen zonas de interés en donde se encuentran campos petrolíferos que cumplen los criterios de las propiedades petrofísicas de fluidos y del yacimiento, así como la irradiación normal directa (DNI) necesaria para la instalación de esta tecnología, por lo tanto, el uso de Solar EOR podría reducir la demanda que se requiere de gas natural para EOR, que puede redirigirse a otras actividades económicas tales como generación de energía, desalinización de agua y como materia prima y energía para procesos industriales. El presente trabajo busca seleccionar los campos candidatos para la aplicación de esta tecnología.

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19, medida a través del índice de fatalidad, en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías en Latinoamérica: Brasil, México, Colombia, Perú, Chile y Uruguay. Estas economías no sólo son las más grandes de la región, sino también las más afectadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. Asimismo, estos países han mostrado, en las últimas décadas, una demanda ascendente de gasolina y gas natural. Esta investigación utiliza diversos modelos de datos panel con datos semanales (febrero 2020–febrero 2021). Los modelos de datos panel de efectos aleatorios a dos vías sugieren evidencia empírica de que las tasas de crecimiento de los índices de fatalidad, para todos los países en la muestra, tienen efectos negativos únicamente en las tasas de crecimiento de los precios de gasolina; sin ningún efecto en el precio del gas. En esta investigación, el tipo de cambio es utilizado como variable de control por su relación con los precios de los hidrocarburos. Los datos empleados en el análisis son oficiales sin considerar el exceso de mortalidad por la causa específica del COVID-19. Este tipo de análisis en Latinoamérica, hasta donde los autores saben, es novedoso y contribuye a la discusión de coyuntura entre la crisis de salud y su relación con la volatilidad de los precios de los energéticos.