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Background: Avoidance of colonoscopy is often associated with fear, embarrassment, and disgust aroused in screening procedures. However, each emotion can be linked to different challenges faced by patients. More research is needed to evaluate and address the causes of these respective emotions. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the scales of three negative emotions (i.e., fear, embarrassment, and disgust) caused by specific issues in colonoscopy screening. Method: The measurement items were developed based on multiple common barriers in colonoscopy screening procedures. An online sample of 232 adults aged 45-75 was recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to test the scales. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the measurement models. Results: Psychometric evidence demonstrated the factor structures of three negative emotions. Each emotional factor was caused by unique combinations of barriers in the preparation, screening, and recovery stages of colonoscopy. Most of the emotional factors were associated with attitudes and screening intention. Conclusion: This study showed different dimensions of negative emotions and their underlying causes in colonoscopy. These findings will help assess specific causes of negative emotions in colonoscopy and develop effective interventions to improve screening uptake.

Abstract Aims Previous studies have investigated the relationship between heart failure (HF) and levels of zinc and copper, but conflicting results have been reported. This meta‐analysis aims to clarify the role of zinc and copper in HF progression by examining the associations between HF and concentrations of these minerals. Methods and results We utilized STATA 12.0 software to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for serum zinc and copper levels in patients with HF compared with healthy controls (HCs). The meta‐analysis indicated a lower serum zinc level in patients with HF compared with HCs, using a random effects model (SMD = −0.77; 95% CI: −1.01, −0.54; I2 = 61.9%, the P‐value for Q test = 0.002). Additionally, the meta‐analysis showed an increased serum copper level in patients with HF compared with HCs, using a random effects model (SMD = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.23; I2 = 93.8%, the P‐value for Q test

Abstract Background C-X-C receptor 4(CXCR4) is widely considered to be a highly conserved G protein-coupled receptor, widely involved in the pathophysiological processes in the human body, including fibrosis. However, its role in regulating macrophage-related inflammation in the fibrotic process of prostatitis has not been confirmed. Here, we aim to describe the role of CXCR4 in modulating macrophage M1 polarization through glycolysis in the development of prostatitis fibrosis. Methods Use inducible experimental chronic prostatitis as a model of prostatic fibrosis. Reduce CXCR4 expression in immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages using lentivirus. In the fibrotic mouse model, use adenovirus carrying CXCR4 agonists to detect the silencing of CXCR4 and assess the in vivo effects. Results In this study, we demonstrated that reducing CXCR4 expression during LPS treatment of macrophages can alleviate M1 polarization. Silencing CXCR4 can inhibit glycolytic metabolism, enhance mitochondrial function, and promote macrophage transition from M1 to M2. Additionally, in vivo functional experiments using AAV carrying CXCR4 showed that blocking CXCR4 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) can alleviate inflammation and experimental prostate fibrosis development. Mechanistically, CXCR4, a chemokine receptor, when silenced, weakens the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as its downstream signal, reducing c-MYC expression. PFKFB3, a key enzyme involved in glucose metabolism, is a target gene of c-MYC, thus impacting macrophage polarization and glycolytic metabolism processes.

Abstract Asymmetric optical transmission (AOT) has been an enduring hot topic of interest in various fields, including optical communication, information processing, and so on. Particularly, the development of reciprocal micro-nanostructures achieving AOT further facilitates and accelerates the miniaturization and integration of traditional optical components. However, most of these optical components merely consider a single AOT band and transmission in a specified direction, limiting the development of their versatile functions. In this paper, we theoretically propose an all-dielectric metamaterial consisting of a nanograting and a defective multilayer photonic crystal, exhibiting multi-band and bidirectional multiplexing AOT. More specifically, the proposed metamaterial demonstrates both narrowband and wideband AOT for incidence from the nanograting to the photonic crystal, and a completely different narrowband AOT for the opposite incidence, namely, from the photonic crystal to the nanograting. These distinctive AOT spectral features are achieved by matching the diffraction effect of the nanograting with the special energy band of the defective multilayer photonic crystal. Remarkably, the device exhibits a transmittance difference of up to 0.974 and a contrast ratio of up to 0.997 (transmittance ratio of up to 673), with a transmission bandwidth of 62.7 nm for incident light with a wavelength of 624 nm illuminating from the nanograting to the defective multilayer photonic crystal. Furthermore, the bandwidth and number of transmission bands can be flexibly tuned by changing the polarization angle of the incident light, showcasing its excellent polarization multiplexing characteristics. The designed metamaterial provides an effective strategy for the realization of versatile AOT devices and is conducive to expanding the application scenarios of AOT devices.

Abstract Background The exclusive breastfeeding rates is low in some countries. Low breastfeeding rates results in higher healthcare expenses and adverse health outcomes for individuals and society. Co-parenting is effective in promoting breastfeeding as it involves shared responsibility and collaboration between parents in raising children. However, the current breastfeeding co-parenting intervention programs exhibits significant variations in components, timing, and duration across studies. An evidence-based breastfeeding co-parenting intervention program is essential for enhancing breastfeeding-related outcomes. Objective To develop an evidence-based breastfeeding co-parenting intervention program for healthcare providers to guide parents with primiparas on breastfeeding. Method To form an initial version of the intervention program, a systematic literature review was conducted to consolidate information on current intervention programs. Two rounds of Delphi method were followed to gather expert comments for the program modification to establish the formal version. Results Fourteen articles published between 1995 and 2022 were screened. Details of these researches, including starting and ending time, duration and specific contents, were integrated to developed the initial program. Then, six experts completed the two rounds consultation with a positive coefficient of 85.71%, coefficient judgment basis of 0.93, familiarity coefficient of 0.87, authority coefficient of 0.90 and the Kendall’s W of 0.62. Finally, an evidence-based breastfeeding co-parenting intervention program was constructed in this study, consisting of breastfeeding co-parenting courses, individual counselling and a father’s support group. Conclusion This research developed a breastfeeding co-parenting intervention program for healthcare providers to guide primiparous parents to improve breastfeeding rates. Through a systematic literature review and Delphi method with good reliability, the program integrates breastfeeding courses, individual counseling, and a father’s support group. Future research will focus on evaluating its impact and scalability to benefit maternal and infant health globally. Trial registration ChiCTR.org.cn (ChiCTR2300069648). Registration date: 2023-03-22.

Abstract Peritumoral hepatocytes are critical components of the liver cancer microenvironment, However, the role of peritumoral hepatocytes in the local tumor immune interface and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. YTHDF2, an RNA N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) reader, is critical for liver tumor progression. The function and regulatory roles of YTHDF2 in peritumoral hepatocytes are unknown. This study demonstrated that oxaliplatin (OXA) upregulated m6A modification and YTHDF2 expression in hepatocytes. Studies using tumor-bearing liver-specific Ythdf2 knockout mice revealed that hepatocyte YTHDF2 suppresses liver tumor growth through CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation. Additionally, YTHDF2 mediated the response to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, OXA upregulated YTHDF2 expression by activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and consequently enhanced the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapeutic interventions. Ythdf2 stabilized Cx3cl1 transcripts in an m6A-dependent manner, regulating the interplay between CD8+ T cells and the progression of liver malignancies. Thus, this study elucidated the novel role of hepatocyte YTHDF2, which promotes therapy-induced antitumor immune responses in the liver. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic benefits of targeting YTHDF2.

Abstract Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a promising brain stimulation method that can target deep brain regions by delivering an interfering current from surface electrodes. Most instances of tTIS stimulate the brain with a single-frequency sinusoidal waveform generated by wave interference. Theta burst stimulation is an effective stimulation scheme that can modulate neuroplasticity by generating long-term potentiation- or depression-like effects. To broaden tTIS application, we developed a theta burst protocol using tTIS technique to modulate neuroplasticity in rats. Two cannula electrodes were unilaterally implanted into the intact skull over the primary motor cortex. Electrical field of temporal interference envelopes generated by tTIS through cannula electrodes were recorded from primary motor cortex. Theta burst schemes were characterized, and motor activation induced by the stimulation was also evaluated simultaneously by observing electromyographic signals from the corresponding brachioradialis muscle. After validating the stimulation scheme, we further tested the modulatory effects of theta burst stimulation delivered by tTIS and by conventional transcranial electrical stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability. Changes in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials, elicited when the primary motor cortex was activated by electrical pulses, were measured before and after theta burst stimulation by both techniques. Significant potentiation and suppression were found at 15 to 30 min after the intermittent and continuous theta burst stimulation delivered using tTIS, respectively. However, comparing to theta burst stimulations delivered using conventional form of transcranial electrical stimulation, using tTIS expressed no significant difference in modulating motor evoked potential amplitudes. Sham treatment from both methods had no effect on changing the motor evoked potential amplitude. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using tTIS to achieve a theta burst stimulation scheme for motor cortical neuromodulation. These findings also indicated the future potential of using tTIS to carry out theta burst stimulation protocols in deep-brain networks for modulating neuroplasticity.

Abstract Physical exercise is recognized for its beneficial effects on brain health and executive function, particularly through the careful manipulation of key exercise parameters, including type, intensity, and duration. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to delineate the optimal types, intensities, and durations of exercise that improve cognitive functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from their inception until December 2023. The methodological quality and publication bias of the included studies were assessed using the PEDro scale and Egger’s regression test, respectively. Separate meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall impact of exercise on cognitive assessments and to explore the effects of different exercise types (i.e., aerobic, resistance, dual-task, mind-body, and multi-component exercises) and intensities (i.e., low, moderate, and high) on executive function. Results were presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between exercise duration and mean effects. In total, 15,087 articles were retrieved from three databases, of which 35 studies were included in our final analyses. The results indicated high overall methodological quality (PEDro score = 8) but a potential for publication bias (t = 2.08, p = 0.045). Meta-analyses revealed that all types of exercise (SMD = 0.691, CI [0.498 to 0.885], p

Abstract Objective To study the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on cognitive functions, mental improvements, and adverse effects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202450004), five drugs (citalopram, s-citalopram, quetiapine, olanzapine, and sertraline) were selected as representatives. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to May 15, 2024. Search terms were combined using Boolean operators, specifically ‘AND’ between different categories (e.g., ‘Alzheimer’s Disease’ AND ‘SSRIs’) and ‘OR’ within the same category (e.g., ‘citalopram OR s-citalopram OR quetiapine OR olanzapine OR sertraline’), to ensure a thorough retrieval of relevant studies. The selection followed rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Results Fourteen articles from 1118 were selected for meta-analysis. The indicators, including Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), were used to assess the effects of the drugs on AD treatment. According to the results of NPI, CSDD, BPRS, MMSE, and security assessments, the five antidepressants have significant advantages in AD treatment compared with placebo, while the MMSE of the patient treated with the antidepressants did not show notable changes compared with patients treated only with placebo. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.3, employing random-effects models to account for study heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings. Conclusion This study suggests that SSRI-related antidepressants have great potential values in AD treatment, and further research on the application of SSRI-related antidepressants in AD treatment is necessary.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the control and optimization of the power output system for a multi-body floating wave energy converter (MBFWEC) with wave protection effects.MethodsTo study the interaction of the multi-body floating WEC with waves, a numerical wave flume is constructed using OpenFOAM software. The experiment simulates the interaction between the WEC and waves under different power take-off (PTO) strategies, namely linear, constant, linear spring, velocity-squared and snap through PTO systems, then compares the energy capture efficiency and wave dissipation performance of the WEC under each.ResultsThe results show that the wave energy capture efficiency of the MBFWEC can reach up to 52.6%. The linear spring and snap through PTO systems, which are based on the optimization of linear PTO, have a certain degree of influence on the WEC and its wave dissipation effects. However, linear PTO is more advantageous than linear spring and snap through when considering both wave energy capture and wave dissipation effects.ConclusionsThis study identifies the advantageous wave intervals of PTO systems such as constant damping and velocity-squared damping, and can provide useful references for optimizing PTO system settings for MBFWECs.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique noncoding RNAs that have a closed and stable loop structure generated through backsplicing. Due to their conservation, stability and tissue specificity, circRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets for certain tumors. Many studies have shown that circRNAs can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and engage in interactions with proteins and translation templates to regulate gene expression and signal transduction, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Early researches have indicated that circRNAs are involved in regulating tumor immune microenvironment and antitumor immunity. CircRNAs may have the potential to be important targets for increasing sensitivity to immunotherapy and expanding the population of patients who benefit from cancer immunotherapy. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between circRNAs and tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize the current researches on circRNAs involved in antitumor immune regulation through different mechanisms and their potential value in increasing immunotherapy efficacy with the goal of providing new targets for cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract Identification of high consequence areas is an important task in pipeline integrity management. However, traditional identification methods are generally characterized by low efficiency, high cost and low accuracy. For this reason, this paper proposes a recognition method based on the improved algorithm Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. Coordinate attention mechanism module is introduced into the traditional Mask R-CNN algorithm to improve the recognition accuracy and reduce the training time. For the identification results, GIS tools are utilized to establish high consequence zones along both sides of the pipeline, and the grade and scope of the high consequence zones are determined according to relevant specifications.In this paper, this method is used to identify the high-consequence area of a pipeline section in Guangdong Province, the results show that: 1, the improved algorithm in the identification of densely populated, geologic hazards, flammable and explosive high consequence zones of the average accuracy of the identification of 1.7%, 3.4%, 3.9%. 2, The method in this paper identifies 8 more building elements and 0.311 more kilometers of pipeline mileage compared to traditional identification methods. The method of this paper can provide a reference for the early identification of high consequence areas of pipelines.

Abstract Vermicomposting utilizes the synergistic effect of earthworms with microorganisms to accelerate the stabilization of organic matter in biowastes. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism behind the maturity of vermicompost and the growth of earthworms exposed to biochar of varying particle sizes remains unclear. This study presents an investigation of the effect of biochar particle size on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) survival, microbial diversity, and the quality of vermicompost products. To address these issues, pelletized dewatered sludge samples from a municipal sewage treatment plant were amended with pine-based biochar with particle sizes of 1–2 mm, 25–75 μm, 200 nm, and 60 nm as the substrate for vermicomposting. This study revealed that the addition of millimeter-scale biochar and micron-scale biochar significantly promoted the degradation of organic matter since the organic matter in the treatment with 1–2 mm biochar at the end of the vermicomposting experiment decreased by 12.6%, which was equivalent to a 1.9-fold increase compared with that of the control. Excessive nanopowdering of nanobiochar significantly affected the survival of earthworms and led to 24.4–33.3% cumulative mortality, while millimeter-scale (mm) biochar and micron-scale (μm) biochar achieved zero mortality. The findings of this study could be used for evaluating the potential impact of nanoscale biochar to earthworms and guiding biochar-augmented vermicomposting. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objectives Epilepsy and migraine are common chronic neurological disease. Epidemiologic studies and shared pathophysiology and treatment suggest that these two diseases overlap. However, migraine is often underestimated among patients with epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and identify the related influencing factors among adult patients with epilepsy. Methods Adult patients with epilepsy were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic of 13 tertiary hospitals in China from February to September 2022. ID Migraine questionnaire was applied to evaluate for migraine. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of migraine. Results A total of 1326 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of migraine among patients with epilepsy was 19.2% (254/1326). In the multivariable analysis, being female (OR = 1.451, 95% CI: 1.068–1.975; p = 0.018), focal and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.090–2.281; p = 0.015), and current seizure attack in the last 3 months (OR = 1.967, 95% CI: 1.282–3.063; p = 0.002) were the influencing factors for migraine. However,

To explore the mechanical response of composites under fire conditions，a thermal-tensile response model for polymer composites considering matrix pyrolysis and fiber softening effects was developed. Nonlinear equations were solved using multidimensional array operations to research the variation of tensile performance of glass fiber/vinyl ester composites at high temperature and to predict the failure time under different tensile loads and one-sided heat flux conditions.The results indicate that the developed nonlinear thermal-tensile response model can effectively predict the tensile behaviour of vinyl ester and glass fiber/vinyl ester composites under unilateral steady heat flux. The results calculated using the model show that there are two distinct phases during the decrease of the tensile strength of glass fiber/vinyl ester composites with temperature decreasing： the first phase features a rapid decrease near the glass transition temperature，while the second phase shows a gradual decline following the complete glassy transition of the matrix. Furthermore，the failure time of the glass fiber/vinyl ester composites significantly decreases with increasing tensile load，displaying a consistent trend across different heat flux densities. Under constant tensile stress，the reduction in heat flux density can extend failure time of composites. Specifically，at the tensile stress of 80% of room temperature strength，the failure time of the laminate at 10 kW/m² is extended by 300 seconds compared to 75 kW/m2. Additionally，at 10 kW/m2，when the tensile stress is less than 50% of the room temperature strength，the laminate will not fail for a long time.

Popularization of medical knowledge plays an important role in promoting effective communication and understanding between doctors and patients. Based on the shortcomings of the model of popularization of traditional medical knowledge, such as unidirectional dissemination, insufficient depth of information and difficulty in understanding, this paper explores the types and advantages of innovative models of popularization of medical knowledge by searching the literature. Currently, the main models of community-based popularization of medical knowledge include traditional media (TV, radio, newspapers), lectures, special report, books, brochures, etc., which are limited in terms of the effectiveness of information dissemination, lack of interaction and personalization, as well as continuity and traceability. In this paper, an in-depth discussion was conducted on the innovative model of popularizing the knowledge of critical care medicine in the community, and many new models of popularizing knowledge, including cartoons, animation, virtual reality, augmented reality, and Internet platforms were proposed, and useful community practice was carried out. The results of the practice showed that the number of reading hits and the satisfaction with popularizing science were significantly increased under the innovative models of popularization of knowledge. The innovative model of popularization of knowledge can improve the efficiency of medical knowledge popularization, enhance patient participation, bridge the gap of medical knowledge, and provide customized health management solutions, which is of a significant advantage, however, it also has limitations such as higher dependence on technology and equipment, and the model of popularization of knowledge still needs to be continuously innovated and explored.

C32H48O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1564(10) Å, b = 17.542(3) Å, c = 23.134(4) Å, V = 2904.2(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0555, wRref(F2) = 0.1343, T = 273(2) K.

Objective The good oil test results of Taiye 1 and Xingye L1 wells in the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation shale indicate the breakthrough of shale oil/gas exploration in the Jurassic continental shale in the Fuxing area of the eastern Sichuan Basin. To further clarify the oil/gas exploration potential and the organic matter enrichment mechanism of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation shale, utilizing logging and core data of two typical wells Xingye X and Xingye Y, the whole-rock X-ray diffraction, organic carbon, major and trace elements were analyzed. Methods The Liang-2 lower submember was deposited in the environment of warm-wet (moderate weathering conditions) and freshwater, and there was no obvious difference in palaeoclimates of different unit formations. The La-Co data suggests a semi-deep to deep lake environment with a palaeowater depth ranging from 10.9 to 56.1 m; the anoxic reducing environment persisted on the lake floor despite the lake level fluctuation, but the palaeoproductivity was vertically increased. The shale interval is rich in sandy laminae, but the deposition rate of the shale layer is lower than that of the sandstone layer. Results According to the correlation analysis between sedimentary environment parameters and organic carbon content (TOC), the organic matter enrichment in the Liang-2 lower submember shale was mainly controlled by factors of palaeowater depth, palaeoredox environment, deposition rate, and palaeoproductivity, and slightly affected by the palaeosalinity and palaeoclimate conditions. The variation in the deposition environment resulted in the vertical heterogeneity of shale. Conclusion The shale facies of Unit 6, formed in the good conditions for the organic matter enrichment referring to an anoxic environment in deep water, with a low deposition rate, a high palaeoproductivity, and the slight influence of terrigenous sources, was a favorable target layer for exploration.

BackgroundBacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. ObjectiveTo understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. MethodsThree subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min−1, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO2 concentration and total bacterial count. ResultsThe pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM2.5, and PM10 in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO2, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P25, P75) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m−3. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P

Abstract Background Cervical spondylosis (CS), including myelopathy and radiculopathy, is the most common degenerative cervical spine disease. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) compared to those of conventional anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for treating unilateral cervical radiculopathy or coexisting cervical myelopathy induced by unilateral cervical herniated discs. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial was conducted. The sample consisted of 131 patients who underwent UBE or ACDF was conducted between September 2021 and September 2022. Patients with cervical nerve roots or coexisting spinal cord compression symptoms and imaging-defined unilateral cervical radiculopathy or coexisting cervical myelopathy induced by unilateral cervical herniated discs were randomized into two groups: a UBE group (n = 63) and an ACDF group (n = 68). The operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay after surgery, and perioperative complications were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, neck disability index (NDI) scores, and recovery rate (RR) of the mJOA were utilized to evaluate clinical outcomes. Results The hospital stay after surgery was significantly shorter in patients treated with UBE than in those treated with ACDF (p

Abstract Background The high recurrence rate after liver resection emphasizes the urgent need for neoadjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to enhance the overall prognosis for patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, camrelizumab combined with an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) apatinib, have emerged as a first-line treatment option for patients with unresectable HCC, yet its neoadjuvant application in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of sequential TACE, camrelizumab, and apatinib as a neoadjuvant therapy for single, huge HCC. Methods This multi-center, open-label randomized phase 3 trial will be conducted at 7 tertiary hospitals. Patients with single huge (≥ 10 cm in diameter), resectable HCC will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to arm of surgery alone or arm of neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. In the neoadjuvant therapy group, patients will receive TACE within 1 week after randomization, followed by camrelizumab (200 mg q2w, 4 cycles), along with apatinib (250 mg qd, 2 months). Patients will receive liver resection after neoadjuvant therapy unless the disease is assessed as progressive. The primary outcome is recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 1 year. The planned sample size of 60 patients will be calculated to permit the accumulation of sufficient RFS events in 1 year to achieve 80% power for the RFS primary endpoint. Discussion Synergistic effects provided by multimodality therapy of locoregional treatment, TKI, and anti-programmed cell death 1 inhibitor significantly improved overall survival for patients with unresectable HCC. Our trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of the triple combination of TACE, camrelizumab, and apatinib as a neoadjuvant strategy for huge, resectable HCC. Trial registration www.chitr.org.cn ChiCTR2300078086. Registered on November 28, 2023. Start recruitment: 1st January 2024. Expected completion of recruitment: 15th June 2025.

Abstract Solid-state infrared-to-visible photon up-conversion is important for spectral-tailoring applications. However, existing up-conversion systems not only suffer from low efficiencies and a need for high excitation intensity, but also exhibit a limited selection of materials and complex fabrication processes. Herein, we propose a sensitizer with a bulk-heterojunction structure, comprising both an energy donor and an energy acceptor, for triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion devices. The up-conversion occurs through charge separation at the donor-acceptor interface, followed by the formation of charge transfer state between the energy donor and annihilator following the spin statistics. The bulk-heterojunction sensitizer ensures efficient charge generation and low charge recombination. Hence, we achieve a highly efficient solid-state up-conversion device with 2.20% efficiency and low excitation intensity (10 mW cm−2) through a one-step solution method. We also demonstrate bright up-conversion devices on highly-flexible large-area substrates. This study introduces a simple and scalable platform strategy for fabricating efficient up-conversion devices.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of three-dimensional distribution of subchondral fracture lines on the surface of the osteonecrosis femoral head, and to discuss the underlying mechanisms that contribute to its collapse. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed computed tomography (CT) images from 75 patients (comprising a total of 77 femoral heads) diagnosed with Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage IIIA or IIIB femoral head necrosis. The three-dimensional structures of both the femoral head and the subchondral fracture line were reconstructed and subsequently fitted into normal femoral head model. A heat map of fracture line was generated to visualize its spatial distribution across the femoral heads surface.to observe its distribution. In addition to that, the femoral head was partitioned into four zones, and the frequency of each fracture line traversing different zones was calculated and analysed. Results: Highest and lowest density of subchondral fracture lines was demonstrated in anterolateral and posterolateral zone respectively. and most sparse in posterolateral. Furthermore, the three-dimensional heat map of fracture lines highlighted their most frequent occurrence in the anterolateral area, particularly near the junction of the femoral head and neck. One fracture line may pass through multiple areas, passage frequencies for fracture lines was observed in zones I, II, III and IV for 66 times (85.7 %), 52 times (67.5 %), 25 times (32.5 %) and 46 times (59.7 %), respectively, with a significant difference between zone I and other zones (P

In this study, the effect of component migration and interaction with concomitant saponins on the composition and functional properties of the seed storage proteins from Camellia oleifera Abel., a typical woody oil crop in China, was investigated using proteomics and molecular docking. The results showed that the optimal parameters for alkaline extraction were solid/liquid ratio 1:10 (g/mL) and pH 8.0, which resulted in an extraction rate of 75.8%, and a saponin-to-protein ratio of 2.60. The 11S globulins were precipitated at pH 4.5 with a saponin-to-protein ratio of 0.36. Albumin accounted for 69% of the total storage proteins, and coexisted with saponin during the extraction process, thus resulting in a high saponin-to-protein ratio of 3.73. The foaming properties of albumin and globulin from C. oleifera Abel. seeds were larger than 200%, and the emulsifying activity index was 16.7 m2/g. The interaction between saponins and proteins significantly improved the emulsion stability. This study provides theoretical support for the high-value utilization of proteins from C. oleifera Abel. and the development of functional food ingredients.

Abstract Background By complexing poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) in reaction to broke strand, PAR polymerase1 (PARP1) acts as the key enzyme participated in DNA repair. However, recent studies suggest that unrepaired DNA breaks results in persistent PARP1 activation, which leads to a progressively reduce in hexokinase1 (HK1) activity and cell death. PARP-1 is TCF-4/β-A novel co activator of gene transactivation induced by catenin may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanism of PARP1 remains elusive. Methods 212 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who had the operation at our hospital were recruited. PARP1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Stable CRC cell lines with low or high PARP1 expression were constructed. Survival analysis was computed based on PARP1 expression. The cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 and Colony formation assay. The interaction of PARP1 and XRCC2 was detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. Results Compared with matching adjacent noncancerous tissue, PARP1 was upregulated in CRC tissue which was correlated with the degree of differentiation, TNM stage, depth of invasion, metastasis, and survival. In addition, after constructing CRC stable cell lines with abnormal expression of PARP1, we found that overexpression of PARP1 promoted proliferation, and demonstrated the interaction between PARP1 and XRCC2 in CRC cells through immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. Moreover, the inhibitor of XRCC2 can suppress the in vitro proliferation arousing by upregulation of PARP1. Conclusions PARP1 was upregulated in CRC cells and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, the expression status of PARP1 was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological features and 5-year survival.

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. There are currently no approved RSV-specific therapeutic small molecules available. Using high-throughput antiviral screening, we identified an oral drug, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib, which showed potent inhibition of the RSV fusion process. Lonafarnib exhibited antiviral activity against both the RSV A and B genotypes and showed low cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Time-of-addition and pseudovirus assays demonstrated that lonafarnib inhibits RSV entry, but has farnesyltransferase-independent antiviral efficacy. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that lonafarnib binds to a triple-symmetric pocket within the central cavity of the RSV F metastable pre-fusion conformation. Mutants at the RSV F sites interacting with lonafarnib showed resistance to lonafarnib but remained fully sensitive to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody palivizumab. Furthermore, lonafarnib dose-dependently reduced the replication of RSV in BALB/c mice. Collectively, lonafarnib could be a potential fusion inhibitor for RSV infection.

Abstract Objective Our study aimed to determine whether there exists an association between low-grade systemic inflammation, as measured by serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the risk of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods This observational study was retrospectively conducted on patients with primary ICH who were presented to two tertiary medical centers between January 2021 and August 2022. The primary outcome was detecting LEDVT occurrence within 14 days from the onset of the acute ICH episode. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to estimate the association between CRP and LEDVT following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Results Of the 538 patients with primary ICH who met the inclusion criteria, 76 (14.13%) experienced LEDVT. Based on the cut-off levels of CRP measured upon admission from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, patients with primary ICH were categorized into two groups: (i) CRP

Background Current research on the physical fitness test scores of high school students is more localized within provinces and cities, with few multicenter, large-sample-size, domain-wide research results. The prevalence of blended online and offline teaching in schools of all types has inevitably prolonged the already long sedentary time of high school students. Whether this trend has some impact on the physical health of high school students is an urgent need for a region-wide study. Objective To investigate and analyze the levels of physical fitness test scores and related influencing factors of urban and rural high school first- and second-year students in seven regions of China, and to explore the empowering paths for the balanced improvement of physical fitness levels of first- and second-year high school students. Methods Stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct stratified sampling according to urban counties and townships and villages in high school schools in seven regions (East China, South China, North China, Central China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Northeast China) of 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) of China from January to March 2019, and then randomized clusters of 1 high school school in urban counties and 1 high school school in townships and villages in total of 62 schools were selected respectively. A total of 42 523 freshmen and sophomores in high schools were randomly selected to conduct the research, and the data on students' physical fitness test scores were collected at the same time (BMI reflects the level of physical development; lung capacity reflects the level of physical function; sit-and-reach reflects the level of flexibility; pull-up, 50 m run, standing long jump reflects the level of explosive strength of upper and lower limbs; 1 min sit-up reflects the level of core strength of the torso; 800 m run, 1 000 m run reflects the level of cardiorespiratory endurance), and non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the level of physical fitness test scores. Results The age distribution of 42 523 high school students was 16.0 (16.0, 17.0) years; 20 074 (47.2%) boys and 22 449 (52.8%) girls, 21 725 (51.1%) in cities, counties and districts, and 20 798 (48.9%) in towns and villages. Comparison of the gender and urban-rural distribution of high school students in the seven regions showed statistically significant differences (PNortheast China>Central China), body mass (Northeast China>North China>Central China), BMI (Central China>Northeast China>North China), lung capacity (Northeast China>Central China>South China), 50 m run (South China>Central China>East China), standing long jump (South China>North China>Northwest China), sit-and-reach (South China>Southwest China>Central China), pull-up (South China>Southwest China>Northwest China), and 1 000 m run (South China>Central China>Southwest China). High school boys in the city, county and districts had higher lung capacity scores than those in the town and country, and lower scores than those in the town and country in the 50 m run, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, pull-up, and 1 000 m run (P0.05). The differences in the scores of high school girls in each physical fitness test in the seven regions are statistically significant (PNortheast China>Northwest China), body mass (Northeast China>North China>Northwest China), BMI (Northeast China>North China>Northwest China), lung capacity (Northeast China>South China>Central China), 50 m run (South China>Central China>East China), standing long jump (South China>North China>Central China), sit-and-reach (Northeast China>Central China>South China), 1 min sit-up (North China>Central China>East China=Southwest China), 800 m run (Northeast>Central China>South China). High school girls in the city and county districts had higher height, body mass, and BMI scores than those in the town and country, and lower scores than those in the town and country in lung capacity, 50 m run, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 1 min sit-up, and 800 m run (P

Abstract As potent approaches for addressing computationally expensive optimization problems, surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have garnered increasing attention. Prevailing endeavors in evolutionary computation predominantly concentrate on expensive continuous optimization problems, with a notable scarcity of investigations directed toward expensive combinatorial optimization problems (ECOPs). Nevertheless, numerous ECOPs persist in practical applications. The widespread prevalence of such problems starkly contrasts the limited development of relevant research. Motivated by this disparity, this paper conducts a comprehensive survey on SAEAs tailored to address ECOPs. This survey comprises two primary segments. The first segment synthesizes prevalent global, local, hybrid, and learning search strategies, elucidating their respective strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, the second segment furnishes an overview of surrogate-based evaluation technologies, delving into three pivotal facets: model selection, construction, and management. The paper also discusses several potential future directions for SAEAs with a focus towards expensive combinatorial optimization.