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In root canal treatment, regardless of instrumentation technique, the presence of smear layer covering contaminated dentin walls is always a concern. Therefore, irrigation plays an important role in reducing the bacterial load, and to improve the effectiveness of irrigation, different irrigation techniques and equipment have emerged that allow improving the prognosis of endodontic treatment. Literature review research was carried out, which investigated the current equipment that could help obtain better removal of the smear layer from the root canal during endodontic treatment. To do this, an electronic search was carried out in Wiley, Research 4 Life, Elsevier and Springer using a combination of the terms "smear layer", "irrigation techniques", and "agitation in endodontics". Resulting in a total of 63 articles, without language restriction, with certain inclusion criteria, making evident the lack of clinical studies that evaluate the smear layer in certain activation equipment. Among the equipment were: EndoActivator (EA), Vibringe (VB), EndoVac (EV), EDDY (ED), Sonic MM 1500 MicroMega, RinsEndo System (RE), EasyClean (EC), GentleWave (GW) Canal CleanMax (CCM), EQ-S and EndoUltra (EU). And when analyzing the effectiveness of each device in relation to smear layer, no device has been shown to completely eliminate the smear layer from the apical region of the root canal system, regardless of the chemomechanical preparation technique performed, the success It depends a lot on the irrigation protocol carried out, as well as an adequate pre-endodontic restoration that will improve the prognosis of the treatment, according to the researched literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obliteration of the root canal system is associated with situations that can trigger injuries or attacks on the pulp, including cavities, orthodontics, trauma, etc. The absence of a visible canal and its calcification imply great difficulty. A 48-year-old woman with pain, history of trauma, caries, and response to a typical cold sensitivity test without pain on palpation and pain on percussion. Without mobility and normal root. There is also no evidence of accidents or initiation of treatment. Evaluation, determination of the complexity of each clinical situation, adequate planning, and use of cutting-edge resources and tools prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Usta Salud is the property of Revista UstaSalud de la Division de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Usta Salud is the property of Revista UstaSalud de la Division de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: caracterizar la enfermedad periapical posterior al tratamiento endodóntico primario realizado en una cohorte de individuos asistentes a las clínicas de la Especialidad en Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en una muestra de 232 dientes con tratamiento endodóntico primario, procedentes de 155 individuos. Un análisis de frecuencia estimó la prevalencia entre la presencia de enfermedad periapical y las siguientes covariables: sexo, edad, tipo y localización del diente, diagnóstico previo, condiciones del tratamiento endodóntico, y tipo de restauración. Resultados: se registró un 24% de prevalencia de enfermedad periapical en la población observada. De este porcentaje, el 13,7% fue categorizado como EPE y el 10,3% fue categorizado como EPP. La distribución por sexo fue de 59% para mujeres y 41% para hombres, con promedio de edad de 55,8 años. La prevalencia de la enfermedad fue mayor en molares (44%) y el diagnóstico pulpar más frecuente fue necrosis pulpar (34%). El 20% de los tratamientos analizados presentó longitud de obturación corta y, de ellos, el 54,3% se asoció con aparición de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la longitud de obturación corta resultó ser el factor que registró mayor relación clínica con la aparición de la enfermedad. Se reconoce a la EPE como el verdadero fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico primario.

RESUMEN Introducción: durante el tratamiento endodóntico existe la posibilidad de que ocurran accidentes y complicaciones por lo que el profesional debe tener el máximo cuidado y concentración, además de una sólida base de conocimientos y un buen manejo clínico durante el procedimiento endodóntico. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad del tratamiento quirúrgico de un falso conducto radicular en un diente con pronóstico desfavorable. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 31 años de edad con antecedentes de necrosis pulpar en el 21, al cual se le realizó un tratamiento pulporradicular hace 3 años aproximadamente. Acude a consulta con un proceso fistuloso a nivel de tercio medio radicular de dicho diente y discromía de la corona. A los rayos X se observó presencia de falso conducto a nivel de tercio cervical radicular. Se realizó una técnica quirúrgica, obturación retrógrada del falso conducto con amalgama de plata y retratamiento del conducto principal. Luego se aplicó la técnica de peróxido de hidrógeno activado con calor combinado con perborato de sodio para la recromia, se obtuvieron resultados favorables. Conclusiones: la técnica aplicada ofrece ampliar el arsenal terapéutico del estomatólogo para la conservación de unidades dentarias destinadas a perderse por los criterios de tratamiento convencional. ABSTRACT Introduction: during the endodontic treatment there is the possibility that accidents and complications occur so the professional must have the utmost care and concentration, as well as a solid base of knowledge and good clinical management during the endodontic procedure. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of the surgical treatment of a false root canal in a tooth with an unfavourable prognosis. Clinical case: we present the case of a 31-year-old patient with a history of pulpal necrosis in year 21, who underwent pulporradicular treatment approximately 3 years ago. The patient comes to consultation with a fistulous process at the level of the middle third of the tooth and crown dyschromia. X-rays showed the presence of a false duct at the level of the third cervical root. A surgical technique was performed, retrograde obturation of the false canal with silver amalgam and retreatment of the main canal. Then applied the technique of activated hydrogen peroxide with heat combined with sodium perborate for rejection, favourable results were obtained. Conclusions: the applied technique offers to extend the therapeutic arsenal of the stomatologist for the conservation of dental units destined to be lost by the criteria of conventional treatment.

Objetivo: Identificar los principales factores asociados al fracaso en el tratamiento pulpo radicular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio relacional longitudinal prospectivo en la localidad de Santa Clara, Cuba, en el periodo 2015-2017 donde se incluyó a 448 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas con relación al fracaso de la terapia fueron: edad, género, antecedentes sistémicos, apertura bucal limitada, grupo y localización de los dientes, anomalías dentarias de espacio, morfología radicular, alteración del número de raíces, canales reducidos, bifurcación del canal, calcificaciones pulpares, sensibilidad pulpar, reabsorción, complejidad del diagnóstico, dolor o inflamación preoperatorio, interpretación radiográfica, acceso cameral con complicaciones, dolor durante el tratamiento, calidad de la obturación y enfermedad periodontal. Resultados: De los 31 casos que presentaron el tamaño del canal reducido, 17 fracasaron, siendo este el factor de mayor significación en relación al fracaso endodóntico (p

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la posición del foramen apical y el ápice anatómico en piezas dentarias uniradiculares. Materiales y método: Estudio in vitro que incluyó 71 piezas dentarias (incisivos, caninos y premolares) uniradiculares. Se evaluó la posición del foramen apical (vestibular, palatino/lingual, mesial y distal) así como la distancia desde el foramen apical hasta el vértice del ápice anatómico a través de un Vernier electrónico. Resultados: Treinta y dos piezas dentarias (45,1%) coincidieron la ubicación entre el foramen apical y ápice anatómico; el 56,4% de forámenes apicales se encontró a nivel vestibular y palatino/lingual. De las piezas dentarias donde se encontró la coincidencia, la mayor cantidad fue encontrada a nivel de los incisivos centrales superiores (31,3%). La distancia entre la ubicación del foramen apical y el ápice anatómico fue de 0,36±0,41 mm. Conclusiones: El foramen apical se ubicó en mayor frecuencia a nivel vestibular y palatino/lingual. La coincidencia entre la posición del foramen apical y el vértice del ápice anatómico se encontró presente en un 45% de casos. La distancia promedio entre ambas estructuras anatómicas fue de 0,36 ± 0,41 mm; siendo esta distancia mayor a nivel de premolares superiores.

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Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: scientific communication materializes through the publication of papers in specialized journals. This is the reason why the quantitative study of journals, known as bibliometry, is a method allowing to evaluate scientific development. Objective: determine the characteristics of scientific production about endodontics in Cuban medical journals until the present moment. Methods: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. The study universe was composed of 22 116 papers. The study sample was all the papers about endodontics (25 papers) published by Cuban authors in Cuban medical journals until the year 2014. All papers were included irrespective of the language in which they were written. The search was conducted in SciELO, the Virtual Health Library and the SCAD service. The search terms used were endodontics, root canal treatment, pulp therapy(ies) and combinations thereof. Results: of the 25 papers about endodontics, four had been published in the last five years. The number of authors per paper was three (32 %). Most authors (24 %) were from the School of Dentistry of Havana. 83.3 % of the sample were original papers. There was a predominance of papers about therapeutics (40 %). Conclusions: cuban scientific production on endodontics is scarce. The publication with the largest number of papers on the subject is the Cuban Journal of Dentistry. Therapies are the most common topic. The most productive institution is the School of Dentistry of Havana.

Introducción: la evaluación de la efectividad de los Tratamientos Pulporradiculares constituye una doble herramienta retroalimentadora para juzgar y mejorar en la calidad de los mismos al profundizar en sus causas y por lo tanto en los errores de sus fases principales. Objetivo: evaluar efectividad y causas asociadas a tratamientos francamente fracasados o con riesgo en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Universitaria "Antonio Briones Montoto" entre septiembre de 2011 y el propio mes de 2012. Material y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, el muestreo desarrollado fue probabilístico (opinático), comprendió 200 tratamientos; se realizaron exámenes clínicos y radiografías para comparar con las existentes en las Historias Clínicas. Se emplearon frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las medidas resúmenes para variables cualitativas expresadas en porcentajes, a fin de valorar la posible asociación estadística entre dos variables se empleó el test no paramétrico Chi-cuadrado de independencia. Resultados: predominaron los dientes curados, 81 % de los casos, le siguieron los fracasados, enfermos, 10,5 %. En los casos fracasados y con retención funcional, la principal deficiencia fue la filtración apical para un 48%, dentro de esta predominó la preparación y obturación incompleta del conducto radicular principal, 91,6%, particularmente las obturaciones cortas, 53,8%. Las obturaciones incorrectas; 71,4 %, predominaron en los casos fracasados. El 55,9 % de los periápices enfermos presentaban granulomas. Conclusiones: el índice de efectividad alcanzado estuvo muy cercano a los estándares de calidad aceptados internacionalmente y la insuficiente calidad de obturaciones del conducto constituyó causa preponderante de los tratamientos considerados fracasados.

El dolor posoperatorio como resultado de la terapia canalicular es un efecto colateral bastante frecuente en el tratamiento endodóntico, que puede durar de unas horas a varios días, debido a una reacción inflamatoria de la zona perirradicular. Por ser tan controversial la eficacia del hidróxido de calcio en la prevención del dolor en las exacerbaciones en pulpas necróticas, se realizó un estudio a doble ciegas en 80 pacientes que requerían tratamiento endodóntico en piezas no vitales y se observó que la frecuencia de agudizaciones posoperatorias fue relativamente baja, con una significación del 0,00018. Esto permite concluir que el hidróxido de calcio como tratamiento en la prevención del dolor intercitas en pulpas necróticas, no evita la sintomatología posoperatoria, ya que existen otros factores que deben ser considerados y aunque son controlados dentro del tratamiento, pueden ser causa de la aparición del dolor intercitas.Postoperative pain as a result of the canalicular therapy is a very frequent side effect that may last a few hours to several days in the endodontic treatment due to the inflammatory reaction in the periradicular area. Since the efficacy of calcium hydroxide in preventing pain in necrotic dental pulps is so controversial, then a double blind study was carried out with80 patients who required endodontic treatment in non-vital teeth. It was observed that the frequency of postoperative pain exacerbation was relatively low, with significance index of 0,00018. This allows us to reach the conclusion that calcium hydroxide as a treatment in the prevention of pain in necrotic pulps interappointments does not avoid postoperative symptomatology because there are other factors that should be taken into account and although they are under control within the treatment, it is possible that they influence over the occurrence of interappointment pain.

Objective: To compare the length of penetration of the irrigant when used in a system of unique file instrumentation versus rotary sequence files. Methods: In vitro study with 80 lower-molar mesial roots randomly assigned into four groups of 20 roots each within the preparation systems as follows: group 1: Reciproc®; group 2: Mtwo®; group 3: WaveOne®; group 4: ProTaper®. We obtained a first x-ray to determine working length (conductometry), then we prepared each group according to the instrumentation technique and we irrigated using 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, and finally we injected the contrast medium through the pulp canal. We obtained a second x-ray to measure irrigant's penetration length (IPL) and then calculated a difference with regard to the working length measurement in order to determine the penetration length difference (PLD). PLD was compared thorough groups by means of a Kruskal-Wallis test at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Overall median conductometry was 14.6 mm (IQR: 2.41), IPL: 13.9 (IQR: 3.23) and PLD: 0.03 mm (IQR: 0.41). WaveOne® was the group with the lowest PLD (0.02 mm). However, when comparing groups, we did not find statistical significance (p=0.15). Conclusions: Any of the four systems studied could be used for biomechanical preparation of lower-molar mesiobuccal root canals in endodontics. The choice of any particular system should be made only having into account the clinical challenges of the case and also the system's operative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]