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This study was designed to assess the influence of resistance training on salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and hormone profile in sedentary adults with Down syndrome (DS). A total of 40 male adults with DS were recruited for the trial through different community support groups for people with intellectual disabilities. All participants had medical approval for participation in physical activity. Twenty-four adults were randomly assigned to perform resistance training in a circuit with six stations, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Training intensity was based on functioning in the eight-repetition maximum (8RM) test for each exercise. The control group included 16 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched adults with DS. Salivary IgA, testosterone, and cortisol levels were measured by ELISA. Work task performance was assessed using the repetitive weighted-box-stacking test. Resistance training significantly increased salivary IgA concentration (P=0.0120; d=0.94) and testosterone levels (P=0.0088; d=1.57) in the exercising group. Furthermore, it also improved work task performance. No changes were seen in the controls who had not exercised. In conclusion, a short-term resistance training protocol improved mucosal immunity response as well as salivary testosterone levels in sedentary adults with DS.

The blast simulator at the University of California, San Diego is a unique tool for conducting full-scale testing of blast effects on structures without the use of explosive materials. This blast simulator uses high speed hydraulic actuators to launch specially designed modules toward the specimen, thereby imparting impulse in a blast-like manner. This method of testing offers numerous advantages over field tests with actual explosives, including cost, turn-around time, repeatability, and a clear view of the progression of damage in the specimen. The viability of this method is established by comparing results obtained in the blast simulator with results obtained with actual explosives. The process by which the impulse is imparted to the specimen is then described by a detailed model based on the equivalent single degree of freedom method. Impulse calculated by the model is found to be in good agreement with the experimentally recorded values. Calculated impulse is found to be relatively insensitive to assumptions made about the specimen's resistance function (often not well known before a test) implying that the model can be used with confidence in designing an experimental study.

En el barrenado de Placas de Circuito Impreso (PCI) las barrenas de carburo de tungsteno son responsables de más de lamitad de los costos de la operación, siendo de vital importancia la búsqueda de vías para aumentar la eficiencia sin afectarla calidad del agujero.El siguiente artículo explica la implementación de una metodología para la determinación de la máxima cantidad deagujeros posibles de barrenar con una herramienta sin afectar los parámetros de calidad de los mismos en las condiciones ycon los medios disponibles en nuestro país. Esta metodología permitió elevar la vida útil de las herramientas en un 66%.Palabras claves: Barrenado, materiales no metálicos, circuitos impresos.________________________________________________________________________________AbstractIn the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) drilling, the tools of tungsten carbide are responsible of more than half of the drillingcost. Due to is necessary look for ways to elevate the drilling efficiency without affect hole quality a methodology forseveral drilling in a PCB is given in the present paper.Key words: Drilling, non metalic materials, printe3d circuit board.

Abstract Background Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterized by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of sialendoscopy in children affected by JRP. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library until April 2022, without language restrictions or specified start date. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results Our review included 524 patients and 646 sialendoscopies. The sample sizes of the different studies ranged from 3 to 77 subjects. Most authors performed sialendoscopy under general anesthesia. The mean percentage of recurrences observed was 25.1% (95% confidence intervals) (CI 23.6–26.6). There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of attacks/year and recurrences (p

A reversible ordered state in the range from 100 to 190 degree C was induced in a-Si1-Gex (O less than or equal to x less than 0-38) layers by the combined action of above hard-gap light and temperature. The amount of internal stress, the crystallite size can be done by analysis of the Raman spectra.

Background: Hippocampal volume is recognised as a surrogate imaging biomarker for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in Cuba there are no antecedents of its use. The objective of this research was to establish an automatic hippocampal segmentation procedure to study a sample of Cuban subjects diagnosed with possible mild or moderate AD. Methodology: A total of 104 subjects with mean ages of 73.77 ± 6.74 years participated. Imaging for the calculation of hippocampal volumes and asymmetry index (AI) was performed with a Siemens Magnetom Allegra 3T scanner using an MP-RAGE sequence. Volumes were obtained manually and automatically using Amira 5.3 and FreeSurfer 6.0 software, respectively. The results of both methods were statistically compared. Results: The steps for hippocampal volumetric quantification were established for these methods. Comparison between them showed high concordance (ICC = 0.95) for both hippocampi. Therefore, there were no significant differences between them. The mean right (2961.84 ± 552.70 mm3) and left (2892.68 ± 536.6 mm3) volumes of the subjects were obtained. These volumes and the asymmetry index were significantly different with respect to a sample of healthy subjects with (p = 0.00001) and (p = 0.003) respectively; and similar to those obtained in a sample of subjects with AD in Latin America. Conclusions: A procedure for automated volumetric quantification of the hippocampus was established. This allowed the study of a Cuban sample with possible AD. This constitutes a previous step to longitudinally evaluate the effectiveness of new Cuban drugs. Resumen: Introducción: El volumen del hipocampo es reconocido como un biomarcador imagenológico subrogado para el estudio de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Sin embargo, en Cuba no hay antecedentes de su uso. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer un procedimiento de segmentación automática del hipocampo para estudiar una muestra de sujetos cubanos diagnósticados con posible EA leve o moderada. Métodos: Participaron 104 sujetos con edades promedio de 73.77 ± 6.74 años. Las imágenes utilizadas para el cálculo de los volúmenes hipocampales y el índice de asimetría (IA) se realizó con un escáner Siemens Magnetom Allegra 3T usando una secuencia MP-RAGE. La obtención de los volúmenes se hizo de forma manual y automática usando el programa Amira 5.3 y FreeSurfer 6.0 respectivamente. Se compararon estadísticamente los resultados de ambos métodos. Resultados: Se establecieron los pasos para la cuantificación volumétrica del hipocampo para estos métodos. La comparación entre ellos mostró alta concordancia (CCI = 0.95) para ambos hipocampos. Por tanto, no existieron diferencias significativas entre ellos. Se obtuvieron los volúmenes medios derecho (2961.84 ± 552.70 mm3) e izquierdo (2892.68 ± 536.6 mm3) de los sujetos. Estos volúmenes y el índice se asimetría fueron significativamente diferentes respecto una muestra de sujetos sanos con (p = 0.00001) y (p = 0.003) respectivamente; y similares a los obtenidos en una muestra de sujetos con EA en América Latina. Conclusiones: Quedó establecido un procedimiento para la cuantificación volumétrica automatizada del hipocampo. Esto permitió el estudio de una muestra cubana con posible EA. Constituyendo un paso previo para evaluar longitudinalmente la efectividad de nuevos medicamentos cubanos.

The influence of the negative pressures of Cavitation and Flashing phenomena in the formation of “scallops”, within karstic caves, is hereby studied. In this sense, the particular case of the Chorros Cave (Albacete, Spain) is analyzed, and the theory of the inverse siphon is proposed in order to explain the “Reventón” phenomenon.

La gestión óptima de las plantas de proceso normalmente se lleva a cabo en una capa de optimización en tiempo real (Real Time Optimization, RTO) que actúa sobre la capa de control y que toma decisiones considerando objetivos económicos en base a un modelo del proceso, normalmente estacionario. Sin embargo, dicha operación óptima no está garantizada debido a la presencia de incertidumbre entre el modelo usado para la toma de decisiones y el proceso real. Con la idea de conducir el proceso a su punto de operación óptimo usando un modelo que se sabe incierto o erróneo, surge la metodología de adaptación de modificadores (Modifier Adaptation o MA). En dicha metodología, el problema de optimización económica de la capa RTO es modificado mediante unos términos correctores, conocidos como modificadores, estimados a partir de medidas de la planta, con el objetivo de conducir el proceso a su punto de operación óptimo. El presente artículo hace una revisión de las técnicas desarrolladas hasta el momento dentro de la metodología MA analizando sus características y modos de implementación.

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterised by intracellular deposits of the microtubule-associated protein tau. The most typical example of a tauopathy is Alzheimer’s disease. The importance of tau in neuronal dysfunction and degeneration has been demonstrated by the discovery of dominant mutations in the MAPT gene, encoding tau, in some rare dementias. Recent developments have shed light on the significance of tau phosphorylation and aggregation in pathogenesis. Furthermore, emerging evidence reveals the central role played by tau pre-mRNA processing in tauopathies. The present review focuses on the current understanding of tau-dependent pathogenic mechanisms and how realistic therapies for tauopathies can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of sepsis, through the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response, on plasma corticosterone and prolactin (PRL) levels during acute immobilization stress in normal and thyroidectomized rats. Thyroidectomized (TX) or sham-operated (N) rats were subjected to 120 min of immobilization stress. Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of either LPS (250 µg (100 g body wt)-1) or the same volume of vehicle (saline solution), 90 min before the induction of stress. Blood samples for hormone assays were collected before sepsis and stress induction for baseline measures (-90 min), and during sepsis and immobilization stress for the measurement of prolactin and corticosterone levels by radioimmunoassay. Our results show that the thyroid hormones are necessary for a proper response of PRL and corticosterone release during immobilization stress. Although sepsis enhanced PRL secretion, this was not true of corticosterone release in either group of rats. Low levels of thyroid hormones partially block the release of PRL, but do not block corticosterone secretion during sepsis. Experimental Physiology (2003) 88.6, 755-760. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The remarkable pace of genomic data generation is rapidly transforming our understanding of life at the micron scale. Yet this data stream also creates challenges for team science. A single microbe can have multiple versions of genome architecture, functional gene annotations, and gene identifiers; additionally, the lack of mechanisms for collating and preserving advances in this knowledge raises barriers to community coalescence around shared datasets. “Digital Microbes” are frameworks for interoperable and reproducible collaborative science through open source, community-curated data packages built on a (pan)genomic foundation. Housed within an integrative software environment, Digital Microbes ensure real-time alignment of research efforts for collaborative teams and facilitate novel scientific insights as new layers of data are added. Here we describe two Digital Microbes: 1) the heterotrophic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 with > 100 transcriptomic datasets from lab and field studies, and 2) the pangenome of the cosmopolitan marine heterotroph Alteromonas containing 339 genomes. Examples demonstrate how an integrated framework collating public (pan)genome-informed data can generate novel and reproducible findings.

Examines the Conradi-Hunermann syndrome with unilateral distribution in children. Description of the syndrome; Presentation of parakeratotic hyperkeratosis; Disappearance of the skin eruption.

The concept of ‘Ecosystem Services’ (ES) focuses on the linkages between ecosystems, including agroecosystems, and human well-being, referring to all the benefits, direct and indirect, that people obtain from ecosystems. In this paper, we review the application of the ES framework to pasture-based livestock farming systems, which allows (1) regulating, supporting and cultural ES to be integrated at the same level with provisioning ES, and (2) the multiple trade-offs and synergies that exist among ES to be considered. Research on livestock farming has focused mostly on provisioning ES (meat, milk and fibre production), despite the fact that provisioning ES strongly depends on regulating and supporting ES for their existence. We first present an inventory of the non-provisioning ES (regulating, supporting and cultural) provided by pasture-based livestock systems in Europe. Next, we review the trade-offs between provisioning and non-provisioning ES at multiple scales and present an overview of the methodologies for assessing biophysical trade-offs. Third, we present non-biophysical (economical and socio-cultural) methodologies and applications for ES valuation. We conclude with some recommendations for policy design.

El consumo es un fenómeno de gran peso en la vida actual de los países desarrollados y también de los que están en vías de desarrollo, sinónimo de felicidad y de estatus personal. Por todo ello el consumo merece ser objeto de la educación. En la educación para el consumo resulta clave la implicación familia- escuela, puesto que los padres marcan las primeras pautas en este terreno, junto al contexto social y los medios de comunicación. La educación para el consumo implica información, capacidad de análisis crítica de las situaciones y sensibilidad respecto a las consecuencias del consumo desmedido, que pone en peligro la supervivencia misma del planeta. El consumo se enfrenta así con la escala de valores que la educación debe defender.

El índice de Karnofsky (IK) es una escala funcional desarrollada en oncología y ampliamente utilizada, que ha mostrado ser útil para predecir la evolución en pacientes oncológicos y geriátricos. Teóricamente, como herramienta de valoración funcional podría predecir la mortalidad en pacientes con nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED). Objetivos del estudio: Conocer el IK inicial y su evolución a 6 meses en pacientes en régimen de NED y estudiar la relación entre la tasa de mortalidad de los mismos con dicho índice. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo realizado durante 2002 y 2003 con pacientes neurológicos y oncológicos con nutrición enteral por sonda seguidos durante 10 meses desde su inclusión en el programa de NED. Resultados: Se estudiaron 201 pacientes, 131 (65,2%) neurológicos y 70 (34,8%) oncológicos, sin existir entre ambos grupos diferencias significativas en la edad, días con NE y mortalidad al final del periodo de estudio (35,1% en pacientes neurológicos y 40% en oncológicos). A los 10 meses un mayor porcentaje de pacientes oncológicos había recuperado la capacidad de ingesta oral (27,1% frente a 10,7% en los neurológicos, p < 0,05). Los valores del IK fueron mayores en los pacientes oncológicos que en los neurológicos en las tres determinaciones (inicial, a los 3 y a los 6 meses, p < 0,001). Dicho índice no se modificó significativamente en ninguno de los dos grupos durante su evolución. Analizando el conjunto de los pacientes se observó una relación significativa entre los valores iniciales del IK y la media de supervivencia a los 10 meses (p < 0,001), y una relación inversa entre los valores iniciales del índice y el porcentaje de mortalidad (p < 0,001). Conclusión: El IK es una herramienta útil para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos y neurológicos en programa de NED.Karnofsky Index (KI) is a widely used functional scale developed for oncology patients. It has proved useful as outcome predictor with cancer and geriatric patients. Theoretically, KI could be used to predict mortality in patients with home enteral nutrition (HEN). Study objectives: To determine baseline KI and its 6-month evolution in HEN patients, and to assess its relation with the mortality rate. Methodology: Observational and prospective study carried out during 2002 and 2003 with tube feeding neurologic and cancer patients followed during 10 months since their HEN programme inclusion. Results: 201 patients were included, 131 (65.2%) with neurological diseases and 70 (34.8%) with neoplasm. There were not significant differences between groups in age, days with HEN and mortality rate at the end of the study period (35.1% in neurologic patients and 40% in cancer ones). 27.1% of cancer patients had resumed full oral nutrition after ten months from the beginning of the study, whereas only 10.7% of neurologic patients did (p < 0.05). In the three measurement phases (initial, past-3 and past-6 months) KI values were higher for cancer patients than for neurologic ones (p < 0.001). In both groups we didn't found statistically significant differences in KI along the three measurements. A significant relation was observed overall between initial KI values and average survival after 10 months (p < 0.001), and an inverse relation was found between the former and mortality rate (p < 0.001). Conclusion: KI is a useful tool to predict mortality rate in cancer and neurologic patients under HEN.

Los cursos en estudios semipresenciales son propios de estudiantes que no disponen de tiempo suficiente para los estudiospor razones laborales o similares. Por sus características, permiten enfrentar mayores niveles de acceso y demandas depoblaciones estudiantiles geográficamente distantes de las sedes universitarias centrales, llevando los estudiosuniversitarios allí donde ellos residen o laboran, con lo cual se abren nuevas posibilidades para todos los que aspiran acursar estudios universitarios. En el presente artículo se expone el concepto de Semipresencialidad, así como la experienciaacumulada en la impartición de la asignatura de Procesos Tecnológicos utilizando ese modo de enseñanza.Palabras claves: Curso semipresencial, docencia, procesos tecnológicos, guía de estudio, guía del profesor._______________________________________________________________________________Abstract:Studies based in blended e-learning courses are distinctive for students with have not enough time for regular studiesdue to working or similar reasons. For their characteristics, blended e-learning courses allow to face access greaterlevels and demand of student in populations geographically far-away of the central headquarters. This modality ofstudies give new possibilities for all those that aspire to carry out university studies, bringing near the university topeople in their residence places or work. The concept of studies based in blended e-learning and some teachingexperiences in the Technology Process courses by this learning mode is exposed in the present article.Key words: Blended e-learning courses, teaching, technology process, professor’s manual, student’s manual.

La nutrición enteral a domicilio es un tratamiento cada vez más utilizado por las ventajas que comporta no sólo al paciente y familiares o cuidadores (menos riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales y mejor integración socio-familiar) sino también a la administración en el sentido de representar un ahorro en coste económico además de disponer de mas camas de hospitalización. Objetivo: Analizar el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes y familiares o cuidadores en relación a un servicio de Nutrición Enteral Domiciliaria (NED) controlado desde la Unidad de Nutrición del Hospital. Metodología: Un cuestionario para los pacientes y otro para los familiares/cuidadores fue remitido a los enfermos que recibiendo nutrición enteral por sonda en su domicilio quisieron voluntariamente colaborar. Cuestionarios similares se remitieron a pacientes ingresados en el hospital tratados con nutrición enteral así como a sus posibles cuidadores en el caso de que recibieran este tratamiento a domicilio. Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados, en general los pacientes y cuidadores consideran bueno o muy bueno el servicio recibido. Si este tratamiento se ofrece en el domicilio lo habitual es que quieran seguir con esta modalidad y no volver al hospital para recibirlo. Finalmente, la posibilidad de disponer de contacto telefónico seguido de visita si es necesaria, es la preferencia de elección. Conclusiones: Los resultados de las encuestas realizadas en nuestros pacientes/familiares permiten concluir que la nutrición enteral domiciliaría dentro de un programa de atención y seguimiento a domicilio controlado desde la Unidad de Nutrición del hospital de referencia es un tratamiento muy bien aceptado tanto por pacientes como por familiares de los mismos o cuidadores.Home enteral nutrition is a treatment carried out frequently due to advantages for patients and caregivers (lower risk of nosocomial infections and better integration in socio-familiar media) but also for the health administration because of the lower economic cost and the release of hospital beds. Objetive: To investigate patients' and caregivers' satisfaction related to tube enteral nutrition administered at home by a Service controlled and followed by the Nutritional Support Unit from the reference hospital. Methods: One questionnaire for the patients and another for the caregivers were delivered to the patients with home enteral nutrition asking for voluntary response. Similar questionnaires were sent to hospitalized patients and their relatives or possible caregivers. Results: According to the results of the questionnaires, the majority of patients and relatives were satisfied with the service received. In the cases in which the service was offered at home, the preference was to continue there and not to return to the hospital. Finally, the possibility of telephone contact and home visits were the most important factors that influenced patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Our results let us conclude that home enteral nutrition controlled and followed up by the Nutritional Support Unit form the hospital is a treatment well accepted both by patients and relatives.

Objetivo: en los últimos años se han publicado varios trabajos que encuentran la mucosectomía con banda (MB) como un método seguro para el tratamiento de algunos tumores esofágicos, gástricos y colorrectales. Hemos realizado este estudio en animales de experimentación (cerdos) para comparar la seguridad de la MB en esófago, con dos modelos de ligadores multibanda, ya que muchos centros sólo disponen de estos modelos de ligadores comercializados para la ligadura de varices esofágicas. Métodos: se utilizaron 8 cerdos en los que se realizaron 23 resecciones esofágicas sin inyección previa. Se hicieron 10 resecciones con el modelo Six Shooter Saeed y 13 resecciones con el modelo Speedband Superview Super 7. También se comparó la técnica realizando el corte aleatoriamente por debajo o por encima de la banda. Resultados: se produjeron 5 perforaciones, todas con el modelo Speedband. Del total de casos en los que se utilizó este modelo se perforaron el 38,5% frente a ninguna de las intervenciones con el modelo Six Shooter, lo que alcanzó significación estadística (p = 0,046). No hubo deferencias estadísticamente significativas en la frecuencia de perforación, entre realizar el corte por debajo o por encima de la banda. Conclusiones: MB esofágica realizada con el modelo Speedband sin inyección previa, da lugar a perforación en un porcentaje elevado de casos en el animal de experimentación. Se precisan más estudios para establecer si la inyección previa incrementa la seguridad de la técnica con este modelo de ligador.Objective: endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation (EMRL) is considered an efficient, safe method for the treatment of some esophageal, gastric and colorectal tumors. We conducted this study using a porcine model in order to compare the safety of esophageal EMRL with two multiband ligation systems, since many centers only use these ligator models in EMRL (commercialized for varix ligation). Methods: eight pigs were used, which were submitted to 23 esophageal resections without previous injection. Ten resections were conducted using the Six Shooter Saeed model, and 13 resections used the Speedband Superview Super 7 model. The technique was also compared by making random cuts either above or below the band. Results: five perforations occurred, all of them using the Speedband model. This represents 38.5% of total in the Speedband model group. No perforation occurred when using the Six Shooter model (p = 0.046). On the contrary, no significant differences were found regarding frequency of perforation when cutting above or below the band. Conclusions: esophageal EMRL using the Speedband model without previous injection leads to perforation in a high percentage of cases in an experimental animal model. Further studies are required to find out whether a previous injection may increase the safety of this technique with this ligator model

En el presente artículo se muestra el análisis de perdida de estabilidad en elementos estructurales delgados bajocompresión. Se realiza la exposición de las consideraciones del análisis lineal y no lineal de perdida de estabilidad y seejemplifica con una estructura modelada mediante elementos finitos, estableciéndose conclusiones interesantes.Palabras claves: Estructuras esbeltas, estabilidad no-lineal, Euler.______________________________________________________________________________Abstract:Presently paper deals with stability analysis in structural elements. The considerations of lineal and non lineal analysis ofstability are exposed and it is exemplified with a finite element structure model, settling down interesting conclusions.Key words: Slender structures, non-lineal stability, Euler.

El uso de técnicas de simulación para predecir defectos en piezas fundidas es una técnica ampliamente difundida en elmundo. Esto conlleva grandes ahorros de tiempo y recursos, además de aumentar la calidad de las piezas que se obtienen.Estas ventajas son ejemplificadas en el siguiente artículo mostrando las posibilidades del uso de este tipo de técnicas en elcampo de la tecnología de la fundición.Palabras Claves: simulación, solidificación, llenado del molde, rechupe._______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to show the evident advantages of using simulation techniques in foundry technologies. Theconsiderable save of time and economic resources that implies the use of this techniques has spread worldwide.As in Cuba the use is not extended to the foundries, we intend to demontrate the possibilities of the use of simulationsoftware for the development of casting technologies.Key words: Simulations, solidification, mould filling, shrinkage.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar las posibilidades reales de utilizar productos de nutriciónparenteral listos para su uso (Ready To Use: RTU) en pacientes adultos con Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria. ÁMBITO Y SUJETOS: Se ha procedido al análisis de los pacientes que en el momento del estudio se encontraban en activo en el programa de Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria dependiente de una Unidad de Nutrición y Dietética de un Hospital Universitario de tercer nivel. INTERVENCIONES: Descripción básica del cuadro clínico que en cada caso ha motivado el tratamiento con Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria; necesidad de cambios en las fórmulas y/o las pautas de nutrición; evolución del peso, de la composición corporal (medida por impedancia bioeléctrica) y del Índice de Karnofsky y evaluación de las complicaciones atribuibles a la Nutrición Parenteral. RESULTADOS: Se han analizado 8 pacientes, 4 varones y 4 hembras de 48,9 ± 17,7 años de edad. El tratamiento con NPD se instauró por: Síndrome de Intestino Corto (2 casos); Íleo Adinámico (2 casos); Cuadro Suboclusivo (2 casos), Tránsito Intestinal Rápido post-gastrectomía y Síndrome de Malabsorción (1 caso en cada uno de ellos).Si bien en un caso, el iniciado más recientemente, no hubo ningún cambio en el tratamiento nutricional, en 3 casos se requirieron cambios en el tratamiento en dos ocasiones; en 2 casos, los cambios fueron en tres ocasiones y en 1 caso en 4 y 5 ocasiones, respectivamente. Excepto en un caso, el peso experimentó una evolución positiva. El índice de masa libre de masa, o se mantuvo o evolucionó positivamente, incluso en el caso sin incremento de peso. El Índice de Karnofsky o se mantuvo estable o experimentó un incremento positivo. En relación a las complicaciones atribuidas a la NP destacaremos 4 episodios de infección relacionada con el catéter lo que representa 0,85 episodios/1.000 días de NP. CONCLUSIONES: Por la diversidad de fórmulas existentes y por las escasas complicaciones presentadas, nuestra casuística pone de manifiesto la posibilidad de usar Productos Listos para su Uso en pacientes con Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria.AIMS: To analyze the real possibility to use ready-touse multichamber bags for total parenteral nutrition in adult patients on home parenteral nutrition. METHODS: In June 2005 we studied the adult patients on home parenteral nutrition treatment controlled by the Nutritional Support Unit from an University Hospital. Demographic data, data relating to underlying disease state; infusion regimen and the necessity to modify it; body mass index, fat free mass index, and Karnofsky index evolution, and complications related to parenteral nutrition were assessed. RESULTS: At the time of the study, 8 patients aged 48,9 ± 17,7 years, were on home parenteral nutrition. The artificial nutrition treatment was administered due to short-bowel syndrome (2); motility disorders (2); suboclusion (2); rapid intestinal transit (1), and malabsorption syndrome (1). With the exception of the patient who started more recently the treatment, all the others needed changes in the parenteral nutrition treatment (number of days for week, or formula modification). In general, both the body mass index and the fat free mass index increased during the treatment. The Karnofsky index was maintained o increased. In relation to catheter-related infection, 4 episodes were observed (0.85/1.000 d of HPN). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the effectiveness, safety and the diversity of multichamber bags available for parenteral nutrition, and the few complications observed in the patients studied, although more studied are necessary, our results suggest that we can use this commercial bags for adult patients on home parenteral nutrition.

propósito de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la capacidad de reducción de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos en un humedal artificial de flujo vertical a escala laboratorio alimentado con agua del río Bogotá tomada a la altura del campus universitario Río Grande en Cajica para determinar la viabilidad de emplear este tipo de tecnología en control de la contaminación hídrica. El prototipo se diseño y construyo con base en las recomendaciones de autores como Arias (2003) y Cooper (1990) . Los resultados que se obtuvieron permitieron determinar reducciones de DBO205 = 37%, DQO = 10%, CT = 49%, ST = 16%, SST = 27% , NO2 = 83%, NO3 = 30% De lo anterior se concluye que a escala laboratorio el humedal artificial de flujo vertical mejora la calidad del agua del río Bogotá a la altura del campus Río Grande en Cajica

El uso de técnicas de simulación para predecir defectos en piezas fundidas es una técnica ampliamente difundida en elmundo. Esto conlleva grandes ahorros de tiempo y recursos, además de aumentar la calidad de las piezas que se obtienen.Estas ventajas son ejemplificadas en el siguiente artículo mostrando las posibilidades del uso de este tipo de técnicas en elcampo de la tecnología de la fundición.Palabras Claves: simulación, solidificación, llenado del molde, rechupe.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to show the evident advantages of using simulation techniques in foundry technologies. Theconsiderable save of time and economic resources that implies the use of this techniques has spread worldwide.As in Cuba the use is not extended to the foundries, we intend to demontrate the possibilities of the use of simulationsoftware for the development of casting technologies.Key words: simulation, solidification, mould filling, shrinkage.

Interdisciplinary studies combining field data (geological and tectonic mapping, lithostratigraphic reconstructions, lithofacies characterization, correlations and sampling) and laboratory analyses (biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, clay mineralogy and sandstone petrography) of eight Senonian-Paleogene successions from the Sierra de La Pila and Sierra de El Carche areas (Murcia province, SE Spain) belonging to the External Betic Zone are presented. Field evidence of tectonic activity (slumps, olistostromes, syn-genetic folds, lateral variability, changes in thicknesses, para- and unconformity boundaries, stratigraphic gaps, shallowing upward trends to emersion, etc.) was found in several Paleogene intervals. The results enable a better reconstruction of the stratigraphic architecture and chronostratigraphy of the Paleogene record, highlighting in particular: facies evolution, discontinuities, depositional sequences (Middle-Upper Maastrichtian, Upper Paleocene-Middle Eocene, Oligocene-Lower Aquitanian), environmental evolution (homogeneous conditions during the Late Cretaceous and successive realm diversification from platform to slope to basin) and correlations, along the Prebetic to Subbetic transition, which is a key sector to understand the northeastward variations of the South Iberian margin. A conclusive paleogeographic and geodynamic evolutionary model for the study area is proposed, hypothesizing that Paleogene compressive tectonics affected the eastern External Betic Zone. In addition, correlations with successions from the western External Betic Zone evidenced asynchronous deformation from east to west along the internalmost External Betic Zone. Moreover, a comparison with the external Tunisian Tell enables the recognition of similar sedimentarytectonic events, imposing new constraints in the Paleogene geodynamic reconstruction throughout the western Tethys.

La producción de hierros nodulares con matriz ferrítica es lograda normalmente con el uso de arrabios especiales con bajoscontenidos de elementos formadores de carburos, o mediante largos y costosos tratamientos térmicos. Estos arrabios tienenaltos precios, por lo que se hace necesario la búsqueda de variantes más económicas para la producción de este tipo dematerial. El objetivo de este trabajo es la obtención de dicho material usando como carga chatarra de acero, la cual tiene unprecio mucho mas bajo.La estructura de la matriz en el hierro nodular, depende de su composición química, su velocidad de enfriamiento, así como dela forma y cantidad de nódulos de grafito. Cuando lo que se desean son matrices ferríticas se deben mantener los elementosperlitizantes en contenidos lo más bajo posible para desfavorecer de esta forma la solidificación de acuerdo al diagramametaestable.El uso de chatarra plantea el problema de los niveles de manganeso presentes en la misma (generalmente entre 0.6 y 0.8%). Elmanganeso, que es un elemento perlitizante evita la obtención de altas elongaciones ya que la matriz nunca seríacompletamente ferrítica. Es por esto que si se desea usar chatarra de acero como material de carga sea necesario el estudio deformas de eliminarlo del baño.Para la eliminación del manganeso existen diversas referencias en la literatura a procesos desarrollados a base de cloro,oxígeno, sulfatos, óxido de hierro, y procesos con el uso de hornos al vacío.En este trabajo la eliminación del manganeso mediante el uso de óxido de hierro, Sulfato de sodio, y PVC. ha sido investigada,llegando a soluciones factibles para la producción de este tipo de hierro.El primero de los tres métodos ha demostrado ser el más factible ya que el segundo aumenta el contenido de azufre en el baño,requiriendo una desulfuración previa al tratamiento de esferoidización y el tercero de los métodos desprende una gran cantidadde gases dañinos; lo que necesitaría de una gran inversión en cuanto a extractores y procesadores de estos gases.Los factores críticos en el proceso que emplea óxido de hierro para la eliminación del manganeso son: temperatura,composición química del baño y elementos presentes en la escoria, con el mismo se han logrado eliminaciones del manganesode hasta un 80% del contenido inicial y fundiciones ferríticas con elongaciones de hasta un 23%.Palabras claves: hierro nodular, fundición___________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe production of nodular irons with main ferrític is usually achieved with the use of special arrabios with contained first floorof elements formadores of carbides, or by means of long and expensive thermal treatments. These arrabios has high prices, forwhat becomes necessary the search of more economic variants for the production of this material type. The objective of thiswork is the obtaining of this material using like load steel scrap, which has a price a lot but I lower.The structure of the womb in the nodular iron, depends on its chemical composition, its cooling speed, as well as of the formand quantity of graphite nodules. When is wanted a main ferrítics, the elements who make the perlitic estructure they shouldbe maintained in contents the lowest thing possible for less susecful this way the solidification according to the diagram.The scrap use outlines the problem of the present manganese levels in the same one (generally between 0.6 and 0.8%). Themanganese that is an element who make the perlitic estructure avoids the obtaining of high elongations since the womb itDr. Ing C. DeFranch, Dr. Ing. T. Rodríguez Moliner26would be never completely ferrític. It is for this reason that if she/he wants himself to use steel scrap as load material it isnecessary the study in ways of eliminating it of the bathroom.For the elimination of the manganese diverse references exist in the literature to processes developed with the help of chlorine,oxygen, sulfates, iron oxide, and processes with the use of ovens to the hole.In this work the elimination of the manganese by means of the use of iron oxide, Sulfate of sodium, and PVC. it has beeninvestigated, arriving to feasible solutions for the production of this iron type.The first of the three methods has demonstrated to be since the most feasible the second the content of sulfur it increases in thebathroom, requiring a previous desulfuración to the esferoidización treatment and the third of the methods remove a greatquantity of harmful gases; what would need of a great investment as for extractors and processors of these gases.The critical factors in the process that uses iron oxide for the elimination of the manganese are: temperature, chemicalcomposition of the bathroom and present elements in the scum With the same one eliminations of the manganese have beenachieved of until 80% of the initial content and foundries ferríticas with elongations of until 23%.Key words: Iron nodular, foundry.

El estudio del efecto del manganeso en los hierros nodulares es de suma importancia. Todos los autores concuerdan que para laproducción de hierros ferríticos es de suma importancia que el contenido de manganeso debe ser lo mas bajo posible. Sinembargo no existe un consenso de cuan bajo debían ser estos niveles, ya que depende conjuntamente de otros factores.Este trabajo se propuso determinar limites de concentración de manganeso para barras de 25mm de ancho y con una buenaestructura del grafito, obteniendo en cada caso hierros ferríticos directamente de fundición.Dichos limites fueron encontrados en 0.15% para producir el hierro nodular 40-18 y en 0.6% para el 42-12. Contrariamente aestudios anteriores, no se encontró ningún efecto del mismo en el conteo de los nódulos. Se determinó que el manganeso tiendea disminuir el rango de temperaturas entre la reacción estable y la inestable de descomposición de la austenita, a pesar de hacerdecrecer ambas temperaturasPalabras claves: Hierros nodulares, manganeso, ferri ta.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe study of the manganese effects on ductile irons is very important. Several authors agree that for the obtainment of ferriticiron grades its content should be kept as low as possible. However there is not a complete agreement on the exact levels themanganese content should be, when the intention is to use as-cast procedures.The aim of this paper was to determine the manganese limits for the obtainment of ferritic grades as-cast on 25 mm bars with agood graphite structure. Such limits were found to be 0.15% for the 40-18 grade and 0.6% for the 42-12 iron grade.On the contrary of previous studies no effect of manganese on nodule count was found. Manganese was found to decrease thetemperature range between the stable and the metastable austenite decomposition reaction, besides it decreases bothtemperatures.Key words: Duct i le iron, manganese ef fect s, ferri te.

Transparent polymer substrates have recently received increased attention for various flexible optoelectronic devices. Optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and light emitting-diodes would benefit from substrates with both high transparency and high haze, which increase how much light scatters into or out of the underlying photoactive layers. In this letter, we demonstrate a new flexible nanograss plastic substrate that displays the highest combination of transparency and haze in the literature for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). As opposed to other nanostructures that increase haze at the expense of transparency, our nanograss demonstrates the potential to improve both haze and transparency. Furthermore, the monolithic nanograss may be fabricated in a facile scalable maskless reactive ion etching process without the need for additional lithography or synthesis of nanostructures. Our 9 μm height nanograss sample exhibits a transparency and haze of 92.4% and 89.4%, respectively, and our 34 μm height nanograss displays a transparency and haze of 91.0% and 97.1%, respectively. We also performed durability experiments that demonstrate these nanostructured PET substrates are robust from bending and show similar transmission and haze values after 5000 cycles of bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las decisiones sobre características de pacientes, tratamientos y cuidados deben ser recogidas y para ello deben desarrollarse definiciones estándar que permitan recoger los datos en los llamados registros o bases de datos que permitirán, básicamente, identificar y mejorar la calidad de los servicios. La importancia de las bases de datos clínicas depende de la calidad de las mismas. Si éstas son pobres, los resultados de los estudios que las han utilizado pueden ser sesgados y de poca confianza. Además, si la calidad de los datos registrados no ha sido verificada, la credibilidad de los mismos puede verse minimizada. Para asegurar la calidad de los datos es esencial definir lo más explícitamente posible los usos que se pretenden del registro. El desarrollo del registro debe ser comprensible en relación a su uso pero limitado en su tamaño.Decisions have to be made about what data on patient characteristics and processes and outcome need to be collected, and standard definitions of these data items need to be developed to identify data quality concerns as promptly as possible and to establish ways to improve data quality. The usefulness of any clinical database depends atrongly on the quality of the collected data. If the data quality is poor, the results of studies using the database might be biased and unreliable. Furthermore, if the quality of the database has not been verified, the results might be given little credence, especially if they are unwelcome or unexpected. To assure the quality of clinical database is essential the clear definition of the uses to which the database is going to be put; the database should to be developed that is comprehensive in terms of its usefulness but limited in its size.

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio faunístico de las especies de la Superfamilia Vitrinoidea Fitzinger, 1833, encontradas en el oeste de Galicia (provincias de A Coruña y Pontevedra). Para cada especie se incluyen citas previas y localidades de captura, así como sus respectivos mapas de distribución, en cuadrículas 10 x 10 km U.T.M. Se constata la presencia de Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830) en el área de estudio y se cita por primera vez Oxychilus glaber (Rossmässler, 1835) en la provincia de Pontevedra.

Introduction: Pediatric perioperative anxiety is a significant problem during mask induction for general anesthesia. Immersive technologies, such as extended reality headsets, are a promising strategy for alleviating anxiety. Our primary aim was to investigate mask acceptance during inhalational induction utilizing augmented reality (AR). Methods: This was a prospective, matched case-control study at a quaternary academic hospital. Fifty pediatric patients using AR for mask induction were matched to 150 standard-of-care (SOC) controls. The primary outcome was measured with the Mask Acceptance Scale (MAS). Secondary outcomes of cooperation and emergent delirium (ED) were assessed. Results: MAS scores ≥2 occurred at 4% (95% CI [0, 9.4%]) with AR versus 19.3%, (95% CI [13%, 25.7%]) with SOC (RR 0.21, 95% CI [0.05, 0.84], P = .027). Ninety-eight percent of AR patients were cooperative versus 91.3% with SOC ( P = .457). Zero percent had ED with AR versus 0.7% with SOC ( P = 1.000). Conclusions: AR during mask induction improved mask acceptance compared to SOC. No relationship was observed between AR and cooperation or ED. Future research will investigate the integration of AR into clinical practice as a nonpharmacologic intervention.

The article presents information on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, with larger pores on the tube walls. It involves coating the inner pore channel surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with block copolymer, and carbohydrates in dimethylformamide solution. After carbonization at high temperature in argon, Polysterene was removed, forming the mesopores, carbohydrates and poly4-vinylpyridine were carbonized forming the framework of nanoporous carbon tubes within AAO channels.

Abstract Background The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has an impressive array of professional perioperative guidelines but has not issued a guideline specific to perioperative blood glucose management and does not delve into the topic in their other guidelines. Case report We experienced a perioperative case that highlights the potential difficulty of glucose management in this setting. During anesthetic induction for an orthopedic foot surgery, as the medication was infusing, an IDDM 1 (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 1) patient expressed feeling that her blood sugar level was low. Her finger stick after induction showed severe hypoglycemia with a blood glucose of 34 mg/dL. The hypoglycemia was treated with intravenous glucose and further closely monitored. Conclusions This case led us to revisit the different perioperative guidelines and recommendations for diabetic patients and this manuscript aims to highlight the similarities and discrepancies among the different published recommendations. This case highlights the value of utilizing insulin pump infusions in the perioperative setting when available.

Gender assessments are often used to inform gender mainstreaming in agriculture for development programming and practices. However, they often lack true community engagement, integration of critical perspectives for structural transformation, and a systems approach to support gender equality. In our qualitative case study, we conducted a content analysis of gender policies and approaches for the largest funding and implementing organizations working in Honduras. Our findings indicate that some organizations address the known gaps in the effectiveness of gender analyses such as inclusion of masculinities and moving beyond economic empowerment to address other important domains for women’s empowerment. However, the majority of organizations continued to approach participation as extractive rather than transformative, over-relied on the economic domain as the sole indicator of empowerment, failed to integrate critical contemporary theories such as intersectionality and masculinities, and inadequately addressed the fundamental structural inequalities in the systems that reinforce normative gender roles. Improving practices for participatory gender assessments and addressing dominant social norms during research is necessary to have significant gender transformative and sustainable impacts on agrifood systems.

Abstract Background Organisms in the wild can acquire disease- and stress-resistance traits that outstrip the programs endogenous to humans. Finding the molecular basis of such natural resistance characters is a key goal of evolutionary genetics. Standard statistical-genetic methods toward this end can perform poorly in organismal systems that lack high rates of meiotic recombination, like Caenorhabditis worms. Results Here we discovered unique ER stress resistance in a wild Kenyan C. elegans isolate, which in inter-strain crosses was passed by hermaphrodite mothers to hybrid offspring. We developed an unbiased version of the reciprocal hemizygosity test, RH-seq, to explore the genetics of this parent-of-origin-dependent phenotype. Among top-scoring gene candidates from a partial-coverage RH-seq screen, we focused on the neuronally-expressed, cuticlin-like gene cutl-24 for validation. In gene-disruption and controlled crossing experiments, we found that cutl-24 was required in Kenyan hermaphrodite mothers for ER stress tolerance in their inter-strain hybrid offspring; cutl-24 was also a contributor to the trait in purebred backgrounds. Conclusions These data establish the Kenyan strain allele of cutl-24 as a determinant of a natural stress-resistant state, and they set a precedent for the dissection of natural trait diversity in invertebrate animals without the need for a panel of meiotic recombinants.

Isolated tungsten nanoparticles (a-W and b-W phase) were synthesized and epitaxially grown on alumina and spinel particle surfaces with an average tungsten size of [?]20 nm for a low tungsten content (of [?]1.5 vol%). Using tungsten (VI) ethoxide alcoholic solutions, tungsten trioxide hydrated precursors were attached to a ceramic grains surface as a nanoparticle coating. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs showed epitaxial interfaces between alumina, spinel and metallic tungsten. This epitaxial growth is assumed to be due to the effect of water vapour on the sublimation of ortho-tungstic acid during the reduction process in a hydrogen atmosphere. The planes involved in the epitaxy were found to be (2\bar {2} 0)_{\mathrm {Al_{2}O_{3}}} {\parallel } {({121})_{\mathrm {W}} } and ({311})_{\mathrm {MgAl_{2}O_{4}}} \| {({110})_{\mathrm {W}} } . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is the primary environmental threat to subsistence farmers’ productivity in Peru. Adaptation is promoted as the best mechanism to cope with climate change in subsistence agricultural livelihoods. However, climatic adaptability depends on the resources the farmer has access to or can use, which are not always adequate to respond effectively to the speed and aggressiveness of climate change. This study explored the local factors and dynamics (assets) influencing the climate adaptability processes of subsistence farmers in Huayhuay, Peru. Twenty subsistence farmers participated in semi-structured interviews within a basic qualitative design. The results brought to light 18 local factors and dynamics that influence the coping mechanisms of climate adaptability. These findings support other investigations that demonstrate the difficulty of climate change adaptation agricultural communities face. The difficulty of climate change adaptation has rooted the interrelationships of assets of different natures within the same adaptive process. Future research and interventions should encourage the active participation of farmers in local climate action and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of farmers' adaptability mechanisms, considering the role of each local-scale factor and dynamic.

Internationalization of higher education’s agricultural disciplines is essential to account for agrifood system trends toward globalization and multiculturalism. Professional and academic associations can play a formative role preparing graduate students for their agricultural careers. Guided by socialization theory, this needs assessment explores graduate students’ perceived needs, expectations, and ideas to optimize engagement with associations focused on international agriculture. A convergent mixed methods design integrated and contrasted quantitative and qualitative data from an online survey—filled by 26 student participants—and qualitative data from a virtual fishbone focus group with seven participants. Students’ perceptions appear responsive to trends toward globalized food systems and demonstrate their desire for socialization to gain internationally focused capacities and connections to opportunities in a variety of global agricultural areas. Findings indicate associations geared toward internationally oriented scholarship and academics should expand to better encompass international development practice. Doing so would provide greater insight into practitioners’ priorities and facilitate alternative career pathways for graduate students interested in practice. Additionally, findings point to needs for student mentoring and communication efforts focused on equitable and inclusive engagement with first generation students and students in developing countries who may be financially inhibited from traveling for in-person socialization activities.

Se estudian las principales características estratigráficas de los diapiros triásicos de Jumilla, La Celia, Yecla y La Rosa, así como las tectónicas de los mismos y la de sus alrededores; todos ellos situados en el Prebético del noreste de la provincia de Murcia. Estratigráficamente so aprecian tres tramos: uno detrítico-arcilloso-dolomítico, de colores ocre-amarillentos en la base, otro intermedio yesífero-arcilloso de colores rojos vivos y un tercero, en el techo, de yesos grises bandeados bien estratificados con intercalaciones de dolomías y arcillas negras ; bajo el tramo basal se encuentra la sal común que es explotada en casi todos los diapiros aquí estudiados. En conjunto se trata de una cuenca evaporítica de posición central, en donde han sido identificados los litotopos salino y penesalino con tendencia a euxínico. Es de destacar, además, la presencia de rocas volcánicas del tipo lamproítico encajadas en los materiales descritos. Bajo el punto de vista estructural, todos estos diapiros se han inyectado a favor de fallas de carácter regional y en el interior de los mismos se observa una fracturación radial y ocasionalmente concéntrica. La "mis en place" de estos afloramientos está ligada a la etapa principal del plegamiento alpino; sin embargo , los efectos halocinéticos se dejan sentir hasta épocas recientes, dando lugar a una neotectónica ligada al diapirismo, que se manifiesta en pliegues, fallas y surcos periféricos de materiales pertenecientes al Plioceno y Cuaternario; en estos últimos se instalaron lagos. antiguos en donde pudieron depositarse turbio ditas asociadas a evaporitas.

Introduction and objectives: drug use is associated with multiple complications with an increase in morbidity, with death by acute drugs reactions (ADR) being the most serious. A large percentage of the prison population has problems associated with drug additions, and substance abuse is also a common internal problem of penal institutions, despite their control measures. The goal of this study is to analyse the prevalence of ADR in penitentiaries, deceased sociodemographic characteristics as well as the circumstances in which they are produced. Material and methods: All deaths by ADR between 2001-2010 in Galicia are studied, in particular, those deaths that took place inside prisons. Results: In the whole sample (n=510) male (90.6%), single (46.1%) with an average age of 35.8 and with a prevalent factor of long experience in drug abuse. Thirty seven of them died in Penal/Correctional Institutions, representing 7.3% of the total sample. The characteristics of this population subtype were similar to the total sample (average age: 34.7 years; 89.2% were males) but we found significant differences regarding the substances detected. Discussion: ADR is the most frequent cause of death among drug addict convicts in prisons. The pattern of the detected substances in the toxicological analysis as well as the socio-demographic characteristics can help to establish a higher risk profile and preventive measures.

Because climate change has severely impacted global bee populations by depleting their habitats and food sources, beekeepers must implement management practices to adapt to changing climates. However, beekeepers in El Salvador lack information about necessary climate change adaptation strategies. This study explored Salvadoran beekeepers’ experiences adapting to climate change. The researchers used a phenomenological case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nine Salvadoran beekeepers who were members of The Cooperative Association for Marketing, Production, Savings, and Credit of Beekeepers of Chalatenango (ACCOPIDECHA). The beekeepers perceived water and food scarcity, as well as extreme weather events (e.g., increasing temperature, rain, winds), as the leading climate change-induced challenges to their production. Such challenges have augmented their honey bees’ physiological need for water, limited their movement patterns, decreased apiary safety, and increased the incidence of pests and diseases, all of which have led to honey bee mortality. The beekeepers shared adaptation strategies, including box modification, apiary relocation, and food supplementation. Although most beekeepers accessed climate change information using the internet, they struggled to understand and apply pertinent information unless they received it from trusted ACCOPIDECHA personnel. Salvadoran beekeepers require information and demonstrations to improve their climate change adaptation strategies and implement new ones to address the challenges they experience.

Abstract Two juvenile alpacas, 1 male and 1 female, were presented for evaluation of grade V/VI bilateral basilar systolic heart murmurs. Both animals were ultimately diagnosed with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis and a small ventricular septal defect. Transvenous balloon valvuloplasty was performed in each animal using methods described in the dog. A double balloon technique was employed in the first case, with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.55. For the second case, a high‐pressure dilatation balloon catheter with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.33 was selected. Experience with both procedures indicates that balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is technically feasible in alpacas using techniques extrapolated from those used in dogs. Furthermore, accepted criteria for procedural success were fulfilled for both alpacas, with more than a 50% reduction in the echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient after intervention.

Platelet aggregation is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, the authors have conducted a whole genome sequencing association study on platelet aggregation, discovering a locus in RGS18, where enhancer assays suggest an effect on activity of haematopoeitic lineage transcription factors.