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Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) may have comorbidities including a long-term abnormality in the immune system. Immune reconstitution in CCSs after treatment for acute leukemia has been reported previously, while analyses of immune reconstitution in CCSs with solid tumors have been limited. Methods: Childhood cancer survivors who received chemotherapy for solid tumors and who visited University of Tsukuba Hospital between November 2019 and March 2021 were included the study. Peripheral blood was collected for flow cytometry analysis. Results: Forty-nine samples from 35 CCSs (18 male, 17 female) were included in the study. High-dose chemotherapy and cerebral spinal irradiation were conducted in 14 CCSs (40%) and in five CCSs (14%), respectively. The median time between the completion of chemotherapy and the collection of the present samples was 15.0 months (range, 0–286 months). The total lymphocyte count, B cells, and CD8-positive T cells recovered to the normal range of controls (NR-CTLs) in 0 (0%), four (66.7%), and four (66.7%) of six samples at 0–3 months after the completion of chemotherapy, and in three (60%), four (80%), and three (60%) of five samples at 3–12 months after the completion of chemotherapy, respectively. Meanwhile, CD4-positive T cells remained lower than NR-CTLs in 0 (0%) of six samples, one (20%) of five samples, and seven (63.7%) of 11 samples at 0–3, 3–12 and 12–60 months after the completion of chemotherapy, respectively. Conclusions: Recovery to the NR-CTLs was rapidly achieved in B cells and CD8-positive T cells, while the recovery was slower and incomplete in CD4-positive T cells. Careful observation of infection in long-term follow-up clinics is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of selenium from different sources on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood immune indices of piglets orally challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (ST). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 32 piglets (6.43 ± 0.54 kg of body mass) were assigned into four groups with or without dietary inclusion of sodium selenite (SS) or yeast selenium (YS) and with or without ST challenge (5 ml 1 × 109 cfu/ml ST or 5 ml saline) on d 13. In each period, YS increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain but did not reach statistical significance. During the challenged stage, piglets fed YS had higher digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and YS reduced the amount of Escherichia coli in feces. Additionally, YS regulated the composition of T-lymphocyte subset and influenced the production of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, in this study selenium-enriched yeast was more effective in enhancing nutrient digestibility, and inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress by inducing the activity of the lymphocytes, expression of antioxidant enzymes and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have been conducted in China in order to investigate the potential predictors of serofast state after treatment among syphilitic patients. However, there is a remarkable diversity among the results. This metaanalysis was conducted to assess potential predictors of serofast among syphilitic patients in China. Methods: International and national electronic databases were searched up to September 2013. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. Cohort or case-control studies addressing risk factors of serofast among syphilitic patients were included in this study. Results: We assessed 27 separate studies involving overall 6682 HIV-negative participants with syphilis of which 1962 remained in the serofast state. The serofast was positively associated with older age(Ptrend=0.001), female(summary risk ratio[sRR]=1.50, 95%CI:1.34-1.68), latent syphilis(sRRlatent vs primary=3.17, 95%CI: 2.66-3.77; sRRlatent vs secondary=2.00, 95%CI: 1.48-2.69) as well as non-penicillin treatment(sRR =2.99, 95%CI:2.45-3.67), but negatively associated with higher baseline titers(sRR>1:32 vs ≤1:32=0.63, 95%CI: 0.54-0.75). Compared with healthy group and serological cure group, respectively, the levels of CD4 (+), IL-2, and IL-6 among serofast patients were decreased (standardized mean difference[SMD]0, P

Objective: To investigate the expression and correlation of CD28 on CD4+/CD8+T cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with acute herpes zoster and explore the significance of its change in development of SLE patients with acute herpes zoster. Methods: The expression of CD28 on CD4+/CD8+T cells and frequencies of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in 30 SLE patients,30 SLE patients with acute herpes zoster and 30 healthy controls,the correlation of CD4+CD28+T cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells was analyzed in SLE patients with acute herpes zoster.Results:It was observed that CD4+,CD4+CD28+,CD8+CD28+T cells were significantly lower and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells were significantly higher and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells were correlated negatively with CD4+CD28+T cells in the peripheral blood from SLE patients with acute herpes zoster than those in SLE Group and in healthy controls (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the decline of T cellular immune function may play a key role in the pathogenesis of herpes zoster. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells may be related to the development of SLE with acute herpes zoster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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1. Knowledge of how pathogens activate different components of the immune system to combat infections in the wild is a first step towards building a more global picture of the role that immunocompetence plays in host-parasite evolution and host life history. Ecological immunology is currently situated in this first step due, in part, to the scarcity of simple techniques to reliably evaluate immunocompetence in the field. In fact, controversy remains as to whether parasites act as immuno-stimulators promoting immune responses or as immune-depressors via immune resource depletion. 2. In this study we manipulated parasite infection ( Caryospora, Protozoa, Apicomplexa) and vaccinated captive Eurasian kestrels ( Falco tinnunculus) to study potential immunological responses in different components of the immune system: circulating lymphocyte lineages (CD4, CD5 and CD8), counts of total lymphocytes and white blood cells (WBC) and plasma immunoglobulins (α-1, α-2, β-1, β-2 and δ). 3. We also evaluated the efficacy of the PHA-assay, a common test used in ecological immunology, to gain information about T-cell-mediated immune response. 4. Experimentally infected and vaccinated (inoculated with attenuated parasites) birds showed drastic increases in CD4 and CD5 lymphocyte lineages, but not in CD8s, nor in total counts of lymphocytes or WBCs and no significant variation was observed in plasma globulins and in inflammatory reaction to PHA as a consequence of infection. PHA assay values were not correlated with initial (before vaccination) or final (after vaccination) values or with the response (final – initial) of T-lymphocyte lineages. 5. Individuals with initially lower numbers of CD4 showed higher numbers (higher immune response) after vaccination. In the case of CD5s, initial and final numbers were positively correlated. 6. This study shows that parasites clearly provoke immune activity stimulation through proliferation of T-lymphocytes (CD4 and CD5) and also reveals that other commonly used measurements, considered to be related to T-cell-mediated immunity, such as single-time-point measurements (total lymphocyte and WBC counts) or PHA assays, have a questionable capacity to provide information about immunological capacity to combat pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotoxicology has developed into an integral regulatory requirement of the toxicological assessment of xenobiotics. Histopathological assessment of lymphoid tissues can provide genuine insight into perturbations of lymphoid cell populations. To facilitate retrospective examination of lymphoid organs should concerns over immunotoxicity be raised, we have endeavored to develop a panel of immunohistochemical techniques to demonstrate T-cells and T-cell subsets in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat lymphoid tissues. We were successful in developing methods for CD3 and CD8 but failed to arrive at a satisfactory technique for the direct demonstration of CD4 in these tissues. Taking the assumption that the majority of mature T-cells are either CD4+ or CD8+, we have combined our methods for CD3 and CD8 in a novel dual-labeling IHC method to simultaneously demonstrate CD3, CD8, and, by implication, CD4 in rat spleen, thymus, lymph node, and Peyer's patch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the performance of a fully-automated hematology analyser CELL-DYN 4000 (CD4000; Abbott Laboratories, CA, USA) for T-lymphocyte subset analysis using the samples from 58 patients with hematological disorders. A flow cytometer (CytoronAbsolute; Ortho Diagnostics, NJ, USA) was used for comparison. Good correlations were shown between CD4000 and CytoronAbsolute for the of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts (for each of correlations, r = 0.992, 0.992, and 0.969, respectively). This good correlation was sustained even in 24 cases in which the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were less than 200/μl. In this group the correlation coefficients ( r -values) for the comparisons between CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes measured by CD4000 and CytoronAbsolute were 0.991, 0.976, and 0.990, respectively. The CD4000 T-lymphocyte assay is a completely automated method, and does not require opening of the sample tube, which reduces exposure to any biohazards such as HIV. Furthermore, the method is rapid and requires only 7 min for completion of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect and mechanism of compound Xiansu capsule ( ), (XSC) combined with chemotherapy in treating gastric carcinoma of mid-late stage. Methods: Sixty-one patients of the test group were treated by XSC combined with chemotherapy and 30 patients of the control group treated with chemotherapy alone. The effect of treatment and cell mediated immunity of patients were observed. Results: The effective rate of the test group and the control group was 32.8% and 13.3% respectively ( P < 0.05), the toxic reaction occurrence caused by chemotherapy was less in the former than that in the latter group ( P < 0.01). The CD level of patients in the test group decreased, and CD/CD level was raised obviously, which suggested that XSC had immuno-regulating effect on T-cell. Conclusion: XSC could enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxic and side-effect of chemotherapy. To regulate the cell mediated immunity of patients is possibly its mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of immune function on lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by the research on the correlation between immune function and micrometastasis. Ratios of T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry, but no lymph node with metastatic cancer cells was observed in middle thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma patients by routine pathological examination. The patients were divided into 2 groups with or without micrometastasis to detect micrometastasis by immunohistochemical method, and T-lymphocyte subsets levels were compared between the 2 groups. CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels of the group with micrometastasis were significantly lower than those of the group without micrometastasis, while CD8+ level of the group with micrometastasis was significantly higher than that of the group without micrometastasis. T-lymphocyte subset is closely relative with micrometastasis, and prognosis of the patients with low CD3+ and CD4+ levels but high CD8+ T-lymphocytes is comparatively poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study immune function of children viral myocarditis and to evaluate the clinical effect of Shuanghuanglian Powder (SHLP) by injection. Methods: The 62 patients of viral myocarditis were divided into two groups randomly, the SHLP group (n = 32) treated with conventional therapy plus SHLP and the conventional treatment group (n = 30) with conventional therapy alone. Their serum antibody of Coxsackie virus group B (COXB-IgM), T-lymphocyte subsets including CD , CD , CD and CD /CD were determined with ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent assay. Results: COXB-IgM was positive in 39 of the 62 patients, which was significantly different with those of normal controls (P< 0.001). Patients' serum level of CD cells and CD /CD ratio decreased while CD increased. After treatment, the recovery of symptoms, signs and immune function in patients of the SHLP group were significantly better than those in patients treated with conventional treatment alone (P<0.01). Conclusion: Immunoregulatory disturbance is involved in children with viral myocarditis and SHLP is an effective drug in the treatment of children viral myocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]