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The protective role of mattering on suicide ideation among university students was examined. Our study is grounded in the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, which led to a hypothesis that between depression levels and state self-esteem has significant serial multiple mediating effects on the relationship between mattering and suicide ideation. University students from various nationality who study in Indonesia and Malaysia (n=509) responded to General Mattering Scale, State Self-Esteem Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory, and Suicide Ideation Attributes Scale, as well as demographic details including their gender, spirituality, education, birth order and nationality. The result of Bootstrap analyses with 95% confident interval from 5000 samples suggested that the serial mediation partially occurred to the link between mattering and suicide ideation.

Young adults differ in their self-esteem change during the university-to-work transition. The short-term processes (such as state changes) which are related to individual variability in change are not yet fully understood. In this pre-registered study, we examined experiences of pride as an emotional process underlying state self-esteem change in a sample of 232 Dutch master students over 8 months across their university-to-work transition. We used dynamic and multilevel structural equation models to analyze three waves of 14-day experience sampling data, examining momentary and daily associations between pride and state self-esteem on the within-person level. We examined correlated change in pride and state self-esteem, and the extent to which pride predicted variability in state self-esteem change. Results indicated positive within-person associations and considerable individual differences in pride–state self-esteem associations across moments and days. Across months, changes in pride and state self-esteem were positively correlated, but pride before graduation did not predict variability in later state self-esteem change. Pride–state self-esteem associations remained robust after accounting for feelings of joy, transitional valence, and timing of the transition. Findings indicated that pride uniquely predicted state self-esteem change during the education-to-work transition, which suggests that pride is a key emotion underlying self-esteem change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of Kisler's commitment model and Weiner's attribution theory, a hypothetical chain of events resulting in brand commitment was offered: focus of attention → causal dimension → self-esteem → commitment. Its existence was tested in two studies that manipulated the focus of attention of participants in order to strengthen the weight of one of the two causal dimensions, attribution of choice results to internal/external causes (Experiment 1) and attribution of choice results to stable/unstable causes (Experiment 2). 60 students (29 men) and 72 students (29 men), respectively participated in studies. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and path analysis and supported the existence of the assumed chain of events resulting in commitment in both studies. At the same time, as expected, such a chain of events was more pronounced in the situation of success in Experiment 1 and in the situation of failure in Experiment 2. The advantages of using the attribution theory to explain the commitment and prospects for further research in this area are discussed.

Media trends are widely prevalent on social media sites, and have demonstrated the ability to influence people's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. The present study examined the fitness and health-focused media trend of "fitspiration" and its effects on the state self-esteem of young adult males and females. The study is one of the first to examine fitspiration in an Indian context and amongst an Asian population and contributes to the growing literature concerning media trends, body image, and self-esteem in women and men. The sample consisted of 61 undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18–25 years, recruited through convenience sampling. A pretest posttest control group design was used and data was collected using a personal demographic sheet and state self-esteem scale (SSES). Pretest group equivalence was statistically ascertained and then pre-post comparison analysis was done for male and female participants separately. Contrary to expectations, findings revealed that fitspiration caused a significant increase in the social state self-esteem of females. The findings have been discussed based on the Self-Discrepancy Theory. The study contributes to the limited literature on media trends in an Asian setting and has valuable implications for the fields of social, health, and sports psychology, as well as advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes that communication apprehension and communication competence influence student academic stress. The model also proposes that state self-esteem moderates the relationship between communication apprehension and student academic stress and that between communication competence and student academic stress. Moderation analysis was applied to data collected from eighty undergraduate psychology students in a final-year psychology course at a Caribbean university. Results revealed that state self-esteem moderates the relationship between communication apprehension and student academic stress, as well as the relationship between communication competence and student academic-stress. When state self-esteem is low, communication apprehension has a greater effect on student academic stress. When state self-esteem is high, communication competence has a lesser effect on student academic stress. Implications for research and practice are discussed. It appears that self-esteem may be an important mechanism underlying communication anxiety and student academic stress in Caribbean students. Keywords: communication apprehension, communication competence, communication skills, state self-esteem, student academic stress. Cet article propose que l'apprehension et la competence en matiere de communication influencent le stress academique des etudiants. Le modele propose egalement que l'estime de soi etat modere la relation entre l'apprehension de la communication et le stress academique, et celle entre la competence en communication et le stress academique. L'analyse de moderation a ete appliquee aux donnees recueillies aupres de quatre-vingts etudiants en psychologie de premier cycle dans un cours de psychologie de derniere annee dans une universite caribeenne. Les resultats ont revele que l'estime de soi etat modere la relation entre l'apprehension de la communication et le stress academique, ainsi que la relation entre la competence en communication et le stress academique. Lorsque l'estime de soi etat est faible, l'apprehension de la communication a un effet plus important sur le stress academique des etudiants. Lorsque l'estime de soi etat est elevee, la competence en communication a un effet moins important sur le stress academique. Les implications pour la recherche et la pratique sont discutees. Il semble que l'estime de soi soit un mecanisme important qui sous-tend l'anxiete de communication et le stress academique chez les etudiants caribeens. Mots-cles: apprehension de la communication, competence en communication, capacites de communication, estime de soi etat, stress academique des etudiants. Este articulo propone que tanto la aprension comunicativa como la competencia comunicativa influyen en el estres academico de los estudiantes. El modelo tambien propone que el estado de la autoestima modera la relacion entre la aprension comunicativa y el estres academico de los estudiantes, por una parte, asi como la relacion entre la competencia comunicativa y el estres academico del estudiante, por otra. El analisis de la moderacion se aplico a los datos recopilados de ochenta estudiantes de psicologia de pregrado en un curso de psicologia de ultimo ano en una universidad del Caribe. Los resultados revelaron que el estado de la autoestima modera la relacion entre la aprension comunicativa y el estres academico de los estudiantes, asi como la relacion entre la competencia comunicativa y el estres academico del estudiante. Cuando el estado de la autoestima es bajo, la aprension de la comunicacion tiene un mayor efecto sobre el estres academico de los estudiantes. Cuando el estado de la autoestima es alto, la competencia comunicativa tiene un efecto menor sobre el estres academico de los estudiantes. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigacion y la practica. Al parecer, la autoestima puede ser un importante mecanismo subyacente en la ansiedad comunicativa, asi como en el estres academico de los estudiantes del Caribe. Palabras clave: aprension comunicativa, competencia comunicativa, habilidades comunicativas, estado de la autoestima, estres academico del estudiante., INTRODUCTION Achieving competence in communicating is imperative in ensuring that students perform well academically (Haji Iksan et al. 2012; Mahmud 2014) and that they are suitably prepared for the world [...]

Self-esteem is a crucial human nature feature for understanding the social dimensions of individuals' self-concept. One of its characteristics is peoples' malleability to adapt to social contexts, that is, the state self-esteem (SSE). Individuals express SES in three different factors: performance; social success; and physical appearance. Along with three studies, we present evidence of validity of the Short-Form of State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES-S) that measures contextual fluctuations in individuals' self-esteem. In Study 1 (N = 300), we found that the structure of the SSES-S was organized into three correlated factors that exhibited convergent-discriminant validity with measures of trait self-esteem and human values. In Study 2 (N = 281), confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a bifactor measurement model better fit the description of the factorial structure of the SSES-S, which also showed incremental validity concerning trait self-esteem for predicting one criterion. In Study 3 (N = 160), we experimentally manipulated contextual information about self-achievement and showed that the SSES-S is sensitive enough to detect transient fluctuations in self-esteem, especially in the achievement factor. We discussed the limitations and scope of the SSES-S, as its specific focus on measuring undergraduate students' state self-esteem and its implications distinguishing the general and particular domains of this construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current society emphasizes physical appearance and physical fitness. Individual's self-esteem has been shown to be linked with physical appearance. Methods: A random sample comprising of 100 male and 100 female (N = 200) adolescents was selected. The subjects were administered the Current Thoughts Scale and the Dieting Beliefs Scale for assessing their state self-esteem and their weight locus of control. Results: Boys had significantly higher appearance self-esteem than girls, while girls had significantly higher dieting belief in comparison to boys. Performance self-esteem was positively and significantly correlated with social self-esteem and appearance self-esteem in the total sample, and the sub-samples comprising of boys and girls.

Methodological and empirical questions concerning state self-esteem are contingent upon very specific underlying commitments to "what" state self-esteem and its dynamics actually are. These are questions concerning ontology. These underlying commitments or views about "what actually exists" are not explicit, but enacted through our research actions. It is vital to bring these implicit underlying ontologies to the surface, so that we as researchers can reflect upon them, and on the assumptions that we are communicating and reinforcing with our methodological and empirical practices. In service of a conceptually solid and unambiguous framework of theoretical and methodological approaches to state self-esteem, I aim to lay bare the ontological commitments enacted in current research on state self-esteem. I show that state-self-esteem research forms two different assemblages of practices, which are repertoires of conceptual assumptions, discourse norms, methods of analysis, and operationalizations. One assemblage sketches a narrative of daily self-esteem in mechanistic terms, the other sketches a narrative of daily self-esteem in processual terms. After analyzing how concrete practices enact these ontological commitments, I reflect on how the two research assemblages might converge to benefit research on state self-esteem in the future, emphasizing the need for reflexivity from researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the link between peer problems in school and contextual variations in negative mood and state self-esteem over a 5-day period. Fifth-grade children completed measures of mood and state self-esteem while they were at home in the morning and while they were at school each day, allowing for an examination of whether psychological states change from context to context and whether these changes are influenced by types of peer events that children report experiencing at school. Results indicated that children who experienced more peer problems at school showed, on average, a shift toward more negative mood and lowered state self-esteem from mornings at home to afternoons at school during the week of data collection. Peer problems were also associated with higher levels of negative mood at school after controlling for academic problems but no longer predicted state self-esteem in school when academic problems were controlled. (Contains 4 tables, 1 figure, and 1 note.)

With 20 items, the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) can be cumbersome in settings that demand efficiency. The present research created an efficient six-item version of the SSES that preserves score reliability and validity and its three-dimensional structure: social, appearance, and performance self-esteem. Item response theory and confirmatory factor analyses identified the "best" six items—two from each dimension (Study 1). Participants completed the SSES four times at 2-week intervals (Studies 2 and 3). The six-item SSES' scores showed adequate test–retest reliability, explained substantial variance in trait-relevant measures, and showed convergent validity with related self-esteem measures. Participants completed the SSES and a laboratory experiment where they received negative feedback on an essay they had written and could retaliate against their evaluator by allocating hot sauce for them to consume (Study 4). The six-item SSES interacted with self-esteem instability in expected ways to predict hot sauce allocated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the self- and affect-related outcomes associated with upward social comparisons to entertainment characters. Participants (N = 218) chose one entertainment television program to view from a selection of eight available and reported their emotional responses, state self-esteem, and enjoyment post-viewing. Feelings of envy and jealousy, associated with upward contrastive social comparisons, were related to decreased state self-esteem post viewing. Alternatively, feelings of hope and inspiration, associated with upward assimilative social comparisons, were related to increased enjoyment and appreciation of the content post-viewing. Implications for a better understanding of the relationships between emotions, state self-esteem, enjoyment, and appreciation in mediated entertainment contexts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation (ER) comprises the processes that recognize, monitor, evaluate, and modify emotional reactions. Although ER refers to events that stem from internal or external situations, few studies have examined the effect of intrinsic emotional states on ER processes deployed on external stimuli. The present research investigated, in old- vs. young adults, the influence of state self-esteem (internal condition) in employing ER strategies while implicitly memorizing negative-valence pictures (external condition). State self-esteem was manipulated by giving random feedback (positive/negative) to a demanding cognitive task. Participants then saw 20 photographs and were asked to reappraise half of them and distract themselves from the other half. They were given a recognition task following a short delay with 20 old photographs and 20 new ones. Results indicated that young people with high self-esteem remembered the reappraised pictures better than the distracted ones. In the low self-esteem state, young adults remembered the distracted photographs better than the reappraised ones. In contrast, in old adults low self-esteem resulted in better recognition than high self-esteem, regardless of the regulation strategy. Thus, only among young participants did emotion regulation strategies moderate the effect of self-esteem on memory for negative emotional images. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between different ER strategies and their relative importance across various stages of life.

Research on beneficial consequences of yoga focuses on the effects of yogic breathing and meditation. Less is known about the psychological effects of performing yoga postures. The present study investigated the effects of yoga poses on subjective sense of energy and self-esteem. The effects of yoga postures were compared to the effects of ‘power poses,’ which arguably increase the sense of power and self-confidence due to their association with interpersonal dominance (Carney et al., 2010). The study tested the novel prediction that yoga poses, which are not associated with interpersonal dominance but increase bodily energy, would increase the subjective feeling of energy and therefore increase self-esteem compared to ‘high power’ and ‘low power’ poses. A two factorial, between participants design was employed. Participants performed either two standing yoga poses with open front of the body (n = 19), two standing yoga poses with covered front of the body (n = 22), two expansive, high power poses (n = 21), or two constrictive, low power poses (n = 20) for 1-min each. The results showed that yoga poses in comparison to ‘power poses’ increased self-esteem. This effect was mediated by an increased subjective sense of energy and was observed when baseline trait self-esteem was controlled for. These results suggest that the effects of performing open, expansive body postures may be driven by processes other than the poses’ association with interpersonal power and dominance. This study demonstrates that positive effects of yoga practice can occur after performing yoga poses for only 2 min.

Do the clothes worn to work impact employees' thoughts and behaviors? Despite the universal necessity of wearing clothes and the fact that employees make decisions about this daily, organizational scholars have not yet addressed this question. We integrate sociometer and enclothed cognition theories to propose that aspects of clothing—their aesthetics, conformity, and uniqueness—hold symbolic meanings that have implications for employees' state self-esteem and subsequent task and relational behaviors (i.e., goal progress, social avoidance). We first provide evidence for the nature of the symbolic meanings associated with these three dimensions of work clothing in a set of within-person experimental studies. The results of a 10-day field study of employees from four organizations generally supported our predictions, showing that daily clothing aesthetics and uniqueness had effects on state self-esteem and downstream behavioral consequences. The effects of daily clothing conformity emerged under the condition of greater interaction frequency with others in the workplace. Our manuscript contributes to both major theories from which we draw, and further offers theoretical and practical contributions to the literature on organizational clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined short-term effects on mood and self-esteem of a novel group-singing model that relies exclusively on oral methods of teaching songs in 59 community-recruited adults. We compared effects of group singing to those of group listening using a counterbalanced, within-subjects experimental design that isolated the effects of changes attributable to singing versus listening. We hypothesized both singing and listening would improve mood and state self-esteem, and singing would yield a larger effect than listening. Mixed between-within analysis of variance results were partially consistent with these hypotheses. Participants' positive affect and mood improved after singing and declined after listening, regardless of the order in which they sang or listened. State self-esteem increased throughout the session regardless of condition. Thus, this group-singing format tended to boost participants' mood and positive affect, at least temporarily. This easily-disseminable singing model could be a simple means of helping improve emotional well-being among community members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing personal life stories carries benefits for psychological adjustment. We examined whether writing about the life stories of parents (i.e., vicarious life stories) hold similar advantages. In Study 1, we adapted an established experimental paradigm to an online format. Participants wrote either about personal life story chapters or about famous persons (control condition) and completed pre- and post-measures of state self-esteem. We found the predicted interaction as selfesteem increased in the chapter but not in the control condition. In Studies 2 and 3, we added the critical condition of writing about vicarious chapters. Study 2 did not find the predicted interaction. Instead, all three conditions increased in self-esteem. Study 3, which used a new neutral control task (writing about historical events), showed that the two chapter conditions, but not the control condition, increased in self-esteem. This suggests that authoring life stories for both oneself and close others momentarily boosts self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different theoretical conceptualizations characterize grandiose narcissists by high, yet fragile self-esteem. Empirical evidence, however, has been inconsistent, particularly regarding the relationship between narcissism and self-esteem fragility (i.e., self-esteem variability). Here, we aim at unraveling this inconsistency by disentangling the effects of two theoretically distinct facets of narcissism (i.e., admiration and rivalry) on the two aspects of state self-esteem (i.e., level and variability). We report on data from a laboratory-based and two field-based studies (total N = 596) in realistic social contexts, capturing momentary, daily, and weekly fluctuations of state self-esteem. To estimate unbiased effects of narcissism on the level and variability of self-esteem within one model, we applied mixed-effects location scale models. Results of the three studies and their meta-analytical integration indicated that narcissism is positively linked to self-esteem level and variability. When distinguishing between admiration and rivalry, however, an important dissociation was identified: Admiration was related to high (and rather stable) levels of state self-esteem, whereas rivalry was related to (rather low and) fragile self-esteem. Analyses on underlying processes suggest that effects of rivalry on self-esteem variability are based on stronger decreases in self-esteem from one assessment to the next, particularly after a perceived lack of social inclusion. The revealed differentiated effects of admiration and rivalry explain why the analysis of narcissism as a unitary concept has led to the inconsistent past findings and provide deeper insights into the intrapersonal dynamics of grandiose narcissism governing state self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the results of research which was conducted in an effort to obtain a French validation of the Gotwal's Sport-State Self-Esteem Scale, which is a modified version of the State Self-Esteem Scale developed by Heatherton and Polivy. Researchers were able to find internal and external validity of the scale, which measures sports self-esteem.

State self-esteem, the momentary feeling of self-worth, functions as a sociometer involved in maintenance of interpersonal relations. How others’ appraisal is subjectively interpreted to change state self-esteem is unknown, and the neural underpinnings of this process remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that changes in state self-esteem are represented by the mentalizing network, which is modulated by interactions with regions involved in the subjective interpretation of others’ appraisal. To test this hypothesis, we conducted task-based and resting-state fMRI. Participants were repeatedly presented with their reputations, and then rated their pleasantness and reported their state self-esteem. To evaluate the individual sensitivity of the change in state self-esteem based on pleasantness (i.e., the subjective interpretation of reputation), we calculated evaluation sensitivity as the rate of change in state self-esteem per unit pleasantness. Evaluation sensitivity varied across participants, and was positively correlated with precuneus activity evoked by reputation rating. Resting-state fMRI revealed that evaluation sensitivity was positively correlated with functional connectivity of the precuneus with areas activated by negative reputation, but negatively correlated with areas activated by positive reputation. Thus, the precuneus, as the part of the mentalizing system, serves as a gateway for translating the subjective interpretation of reputation into state self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research presented concerns the relationship between mood and cognition, focusing on how negative moods impact a person's self-esteem and judgment of others. The researchers hypothesize that low self-esteem accompanied by the induction of a negative mood plays a part in moderating social perception.

Four experiments examined the functional relationship between interpersonal appraisal and subjective feelings about oneself. Participants imagined receiving one of several positive or negative reactions from another person (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or actually received interpersonal evaluations (Experiment 4), then completed measures relevant to state self-esteem. All 4 studies showed that subjective feelings were a curvilinear, ogival function of others' appraisals. Although trait self-esteem correlated with state reactions as a main effect, it did not moderate participants' reactions to interpersonal feedback.

The present study was intended to carry out the adaptation and validation of State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) in National language (i.e., Urdu). Subsequent to completion of adaptation process, validation (i.e. reliability and validity estimates) of SSES was done on a randomly selected sample of 237 young adults ranging in age from 18-25 years (with the mean age of 22.04; SD=1.78). They belonged to all three socioeconomic status (i.e., lower, middle, and upper). The research measures employed were: Demographic Form; State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES; Heatherton & Polivy, 1991); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - Urdu Version (Sardar, 1998); The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS; Ali, Reza, Khan, & Jehan, 1998), and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation-Urdu Version (Ayub, 2008). The findings show satisfactory internal consistency (i.e., α = .80), test-retest scores (i.e., r = .96); and Guttman split-half reliability coefficient (i.e., .85). Further, a positive correlation is found between SSES-Urdu Version and RSE (r =.49) and a negative correlation is found between SSESUrdu Version and AKUADS (r = -.51) and BSSI (r = -.29) indicating good convergent validity of the scale. The implications, limitations and avenues for future research were also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating differences among male and female young adults on the variable of State Self-Esteem and its three subscales i.e., Performance Self-Esteem, Social Self-Esteem, and Appearance Self-Esteem. Research Design: A Comparative Study. Place of Study: Various departments within Science and Arts Faculties of University of Karachi. Sample and Method: The sample consisted of 500 young adults recruited from two Faculties of University of Karachi, i.e. Science and Arts. The ages of the participants ranged from 18-25 years with the mean age of 21.97 (SD= 1.95) Representation of both genders was equal in the sample. The research measure used was Urdu Adapted Version of State Self-Esteem Scale along with Demographic Form. t-test was employed for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Results indicate insignificant differences among male and female young adults on the variable of State Self-Esteem (t = -0.89; df = 498; p> .05) and its three subscales i.e. i.e., Performance Self-Esteem (t= -1.55; df = 498; p> .05), Social Self-Esteem (t= -.84, df=498, p>.05), and Appearance Self-Esteem (t= .89, df=498, p>.05). Conclusion: The findings of present study showed insignificant gender differences on state self-esteem, appearance state self-esteem, performance state self-esteem and social state self-esteem which may be the result of the augmented changes in cultural and societal roles of women and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the measurement of short-lived (i.e., state) changes in self-esteem. A new scale is introduced that is sensitive to manipulations designed to temporarily alter self-esteem, and 5 studies are presented that support the scale's validity. The State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) consists of 20 items modified from the widely used Janis-Feild Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (Janis & Feild, 1959). Psychometric analyses revealed that the SSES has 3 correlated factors: performance, social, and appearance self-esteem. Effects of naturally occuring and laboratory failure and of clinical treatment on SSES scores were examined; it was concluded that the SSES is sensitive to these sorts of manipulations. The scale has many potential uses, which include serving as a valid manipulation check index, measuring clinical change in self-esteem, and untangling the confounded relation between mood and self-esteem.

The present two experimental studies examined the extent to which upward and downward comparison processes on Facebook influence people's state self-esteem. Participants were exposed to mock-up Facebook profiles of female and male targets with many or few Facebook friends. Participant sex was also included in the experimental design. In Study 1, a 2 (number of Facebook friends) × 2 (profile owner sex) × 2 (participant sex) experimental design was employed. Unexpectedly, the manipulation had no significant impact on people's state self-esteem. In Study 2, it was examined whether there would be a curvilinear relationship between the number of other's Facebook friends and participant's self-esteem, in that exposure to others with many or few Facebook friends increases self-esteem compared to others with a moderate number of Facebook friends. Hence, Study 2 employed a 3 (number of Facebook friends) × 2 (profile owner sex) × 2 (participant sex) between-participants experimental design. However, there was neither a linear nor a curvilinear impact of the number of other's Facebook friends on participant's level of state self-esteem. Both studies also revealed that the effects were not more pronounced when participants were exposed to same-sex rather than other-sex Facebook profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem is a crucial concept for a wide range of areas in psychology. Several studies conducted in portuguese have adapted scales of general self-esteem (e.g., Rosenberg, 1979's self-esteem scale) but have neglected other crucial aspects of this construct such as state self;esteem. To address this limitation, the present article provides a portuguese adaptation of Heatherton and Polivy's (1991) state self-esteem scale. Results suggested a reliable measure with a factorial structure identical to the original scale, which included the components of performance, social, and appearance self;esteem. The discussion focuses on the advantages of using a state self-esteem measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether narcissistic personality features had indirect associations with state self-esteem through perceived status and inclusion. We used a daily diary approach to examine whether daily perceptions of status and inclusion mediated the associations that narcissistic admiration (an agentic form of narcissism that is characterized by assertive self-enhancement and self-promotion) and narcissistic rivalry (an antagonistic form of narcissism that is characterized by self-protection and self-defense) had with daily reports of state self-esteem in 808 undergraduate students. Narcissistic admiration had positive indirect associations with state self-esteem through perceived status and inclusion, whereas narcissistic rivalry had negative indirect associations with state self-esteem through perceived status and inclusion. These results suggest that perceptions of status and inclusion may contribute to the feelings of self-worth that are experienced by individuals with narcissistic personality features. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for our understanding of the connections between narcissism and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from theorizing about motivated self-protection, we report the results of four studies testing the idea that threatened state self-esteem reduces forgiving. In Study 1, primed self-esteem threat (versus a control condition) led to decreased forgiving intentions in hypothetical scenarios. In Study 2, primed self-esteem threat (versus two control conditions) negatively affected forgiveness motivations in relation to recalled personally experienced transgressions. Study 3 utilized a correlational recall design, demonstrating that threatened self-esteem directly associated with a personally recalled transgression is negatively related to forgiving motivations. Study 4 returned to a priming paradigm, providing evidence that the deleterious effect of self-esteem threat on forgiveness may be combated by enhancing state-level self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications and ideas for future research are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State Self-Esteem Scale is utilized in a study to evaluate self-esteem in recovered bulimia nervosa patients and compare it to the self-esteem in patients with active symptoms. Results show that patients in remission and free of major depression still remained low on self-esteem in comparison to healthy controls.

Research regarding the variability of state self-esteem (SSE) commonly focuses on themagnitudeof variability. In this article we provide the first empirical test of thetemporalstructureof SSE as a real-time process during parent–adolescent interactions. We adopt a qualitative phenomenological approach, whereby moment-to-moment emotional and behavioral indicators of SSE are measured as they emerged during the interactions, resulting in SSE time series. We conducted detrended fluctuation analyses (DFA) on the SSE time series and found that they exhibited a form of structured variability, calledpink noise.The mean DFA exponent differed significantly from that of randomized surrogate data (p < .01), which revealed uncorrelated random variability, calledwhite noise.This finding shows that the temporal structure of SSE variability exhibits self-similarity and is not random. In addition, a weak positive relationship was found between the DFA and context-independent autonomy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media influencers (SMIs) are online personas that acquire significant audiences on social networking sites (SNS) and have become a prevalent part of social media. Previous research indicates potentially detrimental effects of social media use on mental well-being, however, little is known about whether, how, and for whom online comparisons with SMIs lead to adverse psychological effects. In this study, we investigate the impact of positivity-biased images of female SMIs on the state self-esteem of female participants while considering social comparison processes as mediating and individual resilience as moderating factors. Regression analyses showed that acute exposure to positivity-biased SMI images led to upward social comparisons, which in turn predicted lower state self-esteem. Thus, results revealed a significant mediating effect of social comparisons on the association between image type and state self-esteem. However, when observing the direct effect of image type on state self-esteem, we found that the exposure to positivitybiased SMI images unexpectedly led to higher overall levels of state self-esteem relative to the control group. In light of contemporary social comparison literature, subsequent post-hoc analyses suggest that exposure to SMI images in this study may have prompted both contrastive and assimilative upwards comparisons, leading to varying consequences for distinct self-esteem dimensions, ultimately manifesting in the observed suppression effect. Resilience was not found to moderate the proposed associations. Thus, the findings of this study offer new insights into the impact of SMIs on individuals' self-evaluations online, challenging previous assumptions, and suggest a need for further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the importance of social connection for survival, humans may have evolved a "sociometer"--a mechanism that translates perceptions of rejection or acceptance into state self-esteem. Here, we explored the neural underpinnings of the sociometer by examining whether neural regions responsive to rejection or acceptance were associated with state self-esteem. Participants underwent fMRI while viewing feedback words ("interesting," "boring") ostensibly chosen by another individual (confederate) to describe the participant's previously recorded interview. Participants rated their state self-esteem in response to each feedback word. Results demonstrated that greater activity in rejection-related neural regions (dorsal ACC, anterior insula) and mentalizing regions was associated with lower-state self-esteem. Additionally, participants whose self-esteem decreased from prescan to postscan versus those whose self-esteem did not showed greater medial prefrontal cortical activity, previously associated with self-referential processing, in response to negative feedback. Together, the results inform our understanding of the origin and nature of our feelings about ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basing a sense of self-worth on academic achievement could be detrimental for intrinsic motivation, especially when students face academic failure. The present study examined how the academic contingency of self-worth affected intrinsic motivation related to academic failure. The study focused on the role of state self-esteem and emotions that are known to be influenced by the academic contingency of self-worth in a survey of 125 junior high school students. The results confirmed both undermining and enhancing processes where the contingency of self-worth affected intrinsic motivation. For undermining processes, the academic contingency of self-worth lowered intrinsic motivation, mediated by state self-esteem and incompetence. For enhancing processes, the contingency of self-worth buffered the loss of intrinsic motivation, mediated by regret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]