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Distance education has become a mainstay in higher education, in general, and in counselor education, specifically. Although the concept sometimes still feels new, universities have been engaged in some form of distance learning for over 20 years. In the field of distance counselor education, it is imperative to understand where we have been, where we are now, and where we are going. This article will lay the foundation for the special section of "The Professional Counselor" on distance counselor education and will explore the history of using technology in education, recent research about distance education in counseling and counselor education, and topic areas discussed throughout this special section. This special section will bring clarity to current and emerging best practices in the use of technology in the distance education of professional counselors, clinical supervisors, and counselor educators.

The hiring of new faculty members in counselor education programs can be complicated by the available pool of qualified graduates with doctoral degrees in counselor education and supervision, as required by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) for core faculty status. A pipeline problem for faculty hiring may exist in regions with fewer doctoral programs. In this study, the researchers examined whether the number of doctoral programs accredited by CACREP is regionally imbalanced. The researchers used an ex post facto study to analyze differences in the number of doctoral programs among the five regions commonly defined by national counselor education associations and organizations. A large and significant difference was found in the number of CACREP-accredited doctoral programs by region, even when population size was statistically controlled. The Western region had by far the fewest number of doctoral programs. The number of CACREP-accredited master's programs in a state was a large and significant predictor for the number of CACREP-accredited doctoral programs in a state. State population size, state population density, the number of universities per state, and the number of American Psychological Association--accredited counseling psychology programs were not predictors. Demand may surpass supply of doctoral counselor educators in certain regions, resulting in difficulties with hiring new faculty for some CACREP-accredited programs. An analysis of programs currently in the process of applying for CACREP accreditation suggests that this pipeline problem looks likely to continue or even worsen in the near future. Implications for counselor education and supervision are discussed.

The Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP) database of institutions revealed that as of March 2018 there were 36 CACREP-accredited institutions offering 64 online degree programs. As the number of online programs with CACREP accreditation continues to grow, there is an expanding body of research supporting best practices in digital remote instruction that refutes the ongoing perception that online or remote instruction is inherently inferior to residential programming. The purpose of this article is to explore the current literature, outline the features of current online programs and report the survey results of 31 online counselor educators describing their distance education experience to include the challenges they face and the methods they use to ensure student success.

The Alpha-Gamma device at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) utilizes neutron capture on a totally absorbing 10B deposit to measure the absolute neutron flux of a monochromatic cold neutron beam. Gammas produced by the boron capture are counted using high purity germanium detectors, which are calibrated using a well-measured 239Pu alpha source and the alpha-to-gamma ratio from neutron capture on a thin 10B target. This device has been successfully operated and used to calibrate the neutron flux monitor for the BL2 neutron lifetime experiment at NIST. It is also being used for a measurement of the 6Li(n,t)4He cross section. We shall present its principle of operation along with the current and planned projects involving the Alpha-Gamma device, including the recalibration of the U.S. national neutron standard NBS-1 and (n,f) cross section measurements of 235U.

A precise value of the neutron lifetime is important in several areas of physics, including determinations of the quark-mixing matrix element |Vud|, related tests of the Standard Model, and predictions of light element abundances in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis models. We report the progress on a new measurement of the neutron lifetime utilizing the cold neutron beam technique. Several experimental improvements in both neutron and proton counting that have been developed over the last decade are presented. This new effort should yield a final uncertainty on the lifetime of 1 s with an improved understanding of the systematic effects.

Addresses the prevalence and implications of the mentally ill, developmentally disabled, substance abuser, and other mentally impaired offenders in the jail system. Argues for more systematic attention by service providers in the community and criminal justice personnel to the disabling conditions that may precipitate and reinforce criminal behavior. Recommends differential responses to these special needs or "pseudo-offenders." (Author/PVV)

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with an anticipated start-up in early 2006, will provide the most intense pulsed beams of cold neutrons […]

A study was conducted to test P. Hersey and K.H. Blanchard's situational leadership theory (SLT) in an actual business environment characterized with more than 150 senior executives within service and manufacturing businesses of a Fortune 100 firm. The concept focused on determining the interaction between leadership behavior and follower readiness as a function of leader effectiveness. Results showed negligible support for SLT but provided insights associated with the interactions of concept variables.

The new French manuscript of Nijinsky's 'Notebooks' enables the reader to see how the power of Nijinsky's obsessions carried him away from reality. In this artist paranoia always warred with lucidity and obsession with inspiration. The Avignon Festival presented a stage adaptation of this translation in 1993, and a revised production was done in March 1996 at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. Ultimately, the shadow forces won Nijinsky's inner Faustian battle. His unanswered cry for compassion echoes through the pages of this new edition.

Keywords: biomedical research; COVID-19; HIV; public-private sector partnerships; vaccine EN biomedical research COVID-19 HIV public-private sector partnerships vaccine 1 4 4 11/24/21 20211102 NES 211102 The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the global scientific community, public and private funders, as well as governments, can come together to develop safe and effective vaccines in record time. In many ways, the COVID-19 vaccine success builds on 40 years of HIV vaccine R&D, including basic science, vaccine platforms, clinical experience and networks, and close interactions between scientists and affected communities. HIV vaccine scientists quickly pivoted, or expanded their work, to COVID-19 vaccine R&D [3]. At the turn of the 21st century, after 20 years of mostly investigator-driven HIV vaccine research and realizing the complexity of the challenges confronting the scientific community, it became clear that a more coordinated and collaborative effort was needed to accelerate HIV vaccine development [5]. [Extracted from the article]

State of HIV MTCT Prevention With the dramatic progress in effective interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), new pediatric HIV infections have become rare in high-income settings. In the [...]

This lead article introduces a special issue of The Professional Counselor designed to inform and support faculty, staff, and administrative efforts in starting or revitalizing doctoral degree programs in counselor education and supervision. We review the 14 studies that make up this issue and summarize their key findings. Seven key themes emerged for faculty and staff to consider during program development: (a) the current state of research, (b) doctoral program demographics and distribution, (c) defining quality, (d) mentoring and gatekeeping, (e) increasing diversity, (f) supporting dissertation success, and (g) gaining university administrator support. We recognize the vital contribution of these articles to doctoral counselor education and supervision program development while also highlighting future directions for research emerging from this collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global threat of exposure to radiation and its subsequent outcomes require the development of effective strategies to mitigate immune cell injury. In this study we explored transcriptional and immunophenotypic characteristics of lymphoid organs of a non-human primate model after total-body irradiation (TBI). Fifteen middle-aged adult, ovariectomized, female cynomolgus macaques received a single dose of 0, 2 or 5 Gy gamma radiation. Thymus, spleen and lymph node from three controls and 2 Gy (n = 2) and 5 Gy (n = 2) exposed animals were assessed for molecular responses to TBI through microarray-based transcriptional profiling at day 5 postirradiation, and cellular changes through immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization of markers for B and T lymphocytes and macrophages across all 15 animals at time points up to 6 months postirradiation. Irradiated macaques developed acute hematopoietic syndrome. Analysis of array data at day 5 postirradiation identified transcripts with ≥2-fold difference from control and a false discovery rate (FDR) of Padj < 0.05 in lymph node (n = 666), spleen (n = 493) and thymus (n=3,014). Increasing stringency of the FDR to P < 0.001 reduced the number of genes to 71 for spleen and 379 for thymus. IHC and gene expression data demonstrated that irradiated animals had reduced numbers of T and B lymphocytes along with relative elevations of macrophages. Transcriptional analysis revealed unique patterns in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of cynomolgus macaques. Among the many differentially regulated transcripts, upregulation of noncoding RNAs [MIR34A for spleen and thymus and NEAT1 (NCRNA00084) for thymus] showed potential as biomarkers of radiation injury and targets for mitigating the effects of radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome-impaired lymphoid reconstitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of service providers' wide area networks toward SDN is a challenging task. In this article, we consider the critical requirements of G?ANT, the 500 Gb/s pan-European provider interconnecting 38 national research and educational networks, for a total of 50 million users. A long-term evolution path toward the softwarization of G?ANT is discussed, consisting of four steps to be realized in future years, from providing SDN-based connectivity, to the so-called software defined infrastructure (SDI). As a first step, the softwarization of some basic services currently offered by G?ANT is considered: G?ANT IP, G?ANT plus, and G?ANT Open. This article reports the concrete experience in the SDN-based design and implementation of these services, which have been called L3-SDX and L2-SDX. Both use cases have been addressed with the use of the open source Open Network Operating System (ONOS?). The L3-SDX service has been developed on top of an existing ONOS application, called SDN-IP. SDN-IP allows interconnections between SDN and legacy networks through BGP. The L2-SDX service has been realized as a new ONOS application. Both services are currently deployed on the G?ANT Testbed Service, a continental facility offering geographical virtual testbeds to the research community. The article reports the experience gained from this experimental deployment and discusses the benefits for a service provider like G?ANT. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

CORD is a new design of a telco central office that replaces closed and proprietary hardware with software running on commodity servers, switches, and access devices. It allows network operators to benefit from both the economies of scale (infrastructure constructed from a few commodity building blocks) and agility (the ability to rapidly deploy and elastically scale services) that commodity cloud providers enjoy today. This article introduces the CORD architecture and describes an open reference implementation of CORD that is available for evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Empirical testing of candidate vaccines has led to the successful development of a number of lifesaving vaccines. The advent of new tools to manipulate antigens and new methods and vectors for vaccine delivery has led to a veritable explosion of potential vaccine designs. As a result, selection of candidate vaccines suitable for large-scale efficacy testing has become more challenging. This is especially true for diseases such as dengue, HIV, and tuberculosis where there is no validated animal model or correlate of immune protection. Establishing guidelines for the selection of vaccine candidates for advanced testing has become a necessity. A number of factors could be considered in making these decisions, including, for example, safety in animal and human studies, immune profile, protection in animal studies, production processes with product quality and stability, availability of resources, and estimated cost of goods. The 'immune space template' proposed here provides a standardized approach by which the quality, level, and durability of immune responses elicited in early human trials by a candidate vaccine can be described. The immune response profile will demonstrate if and how the candidate is unique relative to other candidates, especially those that have preceded it into efficacy testing and, thus, what new information concerning potential immune correlates could be learned from an efficacy trial. A thorough characterization of immune responses should also provide insight into a developer's rationale for the vaccine's proposed mechanism of action. HIV vaccine researchers plan to include this general approach in up-selecting candidates for the next large efficacy trial. This 'immune space' approach may also be applicable to other vaccine development endeavors where correlates of vaccine-induced immune protection remain unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the influence of cognitive, medical, behavioral, and social risk factors on medication nonadherence in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods A sample of 339 elderly participants with cognitive impairment, who lived alone and took at least one medication, underwent baseline assessment which included the five subscales of the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), number of medications, retrospective medication nonadherence, amount of formal and informal assistance, functional impairment, depression, perception of social resources, comorbidity, and alcohol consumption. The outcome was medication nonadherence during the 12-month prospective period as reported by the participants' primary care physicians and caregivers at three-month intervals. Results Fifty-nine participants (17.4%) had, at least, one report of medication nonadherence. Logistic regression analyses indicated for every point increase on the DRS Conceptualization subscale ( OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.02-1.27), there was a 14% increase in the odds of nonadherence. For every point increase on the DRS Memory subscale ( OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81-0.97) and DRS Initiation/Perseveration subscale ( OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.87-1.00), there was an 11% decrease and 7% decrease in the odds, respectively. Having at least one previous occurrence of medication nonadherence ( OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.18-5.62) and taking at least four medications ( OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.31-5.29), both increased the odds by over 2.5-fold. Conclusions Our unique finding that better conceptualization predicted nonadherence has important implications for healthcare providers' approaches to improve adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment. Replication in future studies is warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow neutrons possess several advantageous properties which make them useful probes for a variety of exotic interactions, including some that can form at least some components of the dark matter of interest for this issue of Symmetry. We discuss the relevant neutron properties, describe some of the recent work that has been done along these lines using neutron experiments mainly with cold and ultra-cold neutrons, and outline some interesting and exciting opportunities which can be pursued using resonant epithermal neutron interactions in heavy nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a possible neutron–antineutron ( n − n ¯ ) oscillation experiment at the PF1B instrument at Institut Laue Langevin. It can improve the best existing constraint on the transition rate and also allow the testing of the methods and instrumentation which would be needed for a later larger-scale experiment at ESS. The main gain factors over the most competitive experiment, performed earlier at PF1 instrument at ILL, are: a more intense neutron beam and a new operating mode based on coherent n and n ¯ mirror reflections. The installation of such an experiment would need a temporary replacement of the existing ballistic neutron guide by a specially designed n / n ¯ guide with a gradually increasing cross section and a specially selected coating as well as the development and construction of an advanced n ¯ annihilation detector with a high efficiency and low background. The overall gain factor could reach up to an order of magnitude and depends on the chosen experiment configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study related to Aphasia Screening Test (AST). Patients with lateralized stroke or tumor were compared in the frequency of errors on specific test items of the Aphasia Screening Test. The present study found several differences in the performance of groups with wells defined left and right hemisphere damage. In almost all instances in which there was a difference between groups, the difference was in the predicted direction that is, the Left-hemisphere damaged patients performed more poorly on the verbal items and the right-hemisphere patients performed more poorly on the nonverbal items. The present study also suggests that some of the items of the AST are insensitive to the effects of brain injury.

The article focuses on the comparison of frequency of abnormal results in neuropsychological versus neurodiagnostic procedures. Although there have been a number of studies which have attempted to determine the validity of the Haistead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery as a means of establishing the presence or absence of brain damage, there have been only two which have compared the findings obtained with this test battery with those obtained by neurodiagnostic procedures such as the electroencephalography, the angiogram, the brain scan and the like.

We examined the comparability of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) and the Taylor Complex Figure Test (TCFT) as measures of constructional praxis and visual recall in a sample of 38 patients who were administered the two figures in counterbalanced order. Copy scores did not differ for the two figures. There was some evidence that percent recall scores, but not absolute recall scores, were higher for the TCFT and more susceptible to proactive interference than those for the ROCFT. These results suggest that the two figures yield comparable results when copy or absolute recall scores are used, but that the TCFT may be easier to recall than the ROCFT when percent recall scores are used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We examined the relationship between ratings of patient cooperation and neuropsychological test performance in a sample (N = 333) of dementing patients and normal controls. We also examined the stability of the relationship in a subset of this same sample (N = 299) who were retested a year later. All the correlation coefficients in both years were significant, with a median Pearson of .64 in year one and .725 in year two. The test-retest reliability for ratings of cooperativeness over the one-year time period (rated by different examiners) was also significant,r = .64 (p < .0001). This analysis indicates that cooperation plays a significant role in neuropsychological test performance and that ratings of cooperativeness are relatively stable over periods of up to a year in length. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]