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Clinical trials are very important for determining the safety and efficacy of medical trials, which is further critical to the progress of the various healthcare businesses. Conducting such studies requires substantial preparation and adherence to the various ethical norms; such norms which are especially crucial when dealing with medical emergencies like the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper discusses the Site Initiation Visit (SIV) and the development of Essential Document Files (EDF) for clinical research. Site initiation visit specifies fundamental tasks to ensure team preparedness, logistical planning, and regulatory compliance. Team training, investigational product (IP) storage, and post-SIV follow-up procedures are all valuable considerations. On the other hand, throughout the trial's lifecycle, the document files play a very vital role in ensuring a complete documentation process thereby promoting transparency and adherence to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The paper highlights the importance of established protocols and regulatory compliance, in safeguarding safety by outlining these procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online grocery shopping has grown rapidly in recent years. It has been promoted as a way to overcome the systemic inequalities in food access and increase sustainable food practices. A growing body of studies has highlighted the impact of income, food prices, and internet access/connection on shaping people's behavior in buying groceries online. However, there is a dearth of prior studies that have examined the impact of these three factors at the macro/meso level. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of these factors from a sample of 16 Russian regions with a combined population size of more than 44 million people. We used a fixed effects linear regression model to analyze panel data on median income, mobile internet connection, food price index, and online grocery sales. Our results show the significant impact of income and imply that while online grocery shopping holds huge promise for overcoming unequal access to food and achieving sustainability, entrenched challenges such as poverty and income inequality might be difficult to shake off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Amazonia Investiga is the property of PRIMMATE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

User-generated online ratings have become a prominent tool for hotels to enhance overall customer satisfaction. Prior research on online ratings has mainly considered commercial destinations, whereas research on religious destinations is limited. This study uses the IPA technique and beta regression analysis to investigate the destination's (commercial and religious) varying effects on the relationship between hotel service quality attributes and customer satisfaction. In total, data from 338 hotels representing 82,704 customer reviews in two Saudi Arabian cities (Alkhobar and Makkah) were collected from Booking.com and analyzed. Makkah was selected as a key religious heritage destination, whereas Alkhobar was chosen as a commercial destination as it hosts major sea resorts, recreational parks, and shopping destinations. The results indicate that commercial and religious destination tourists do not have similar perceptions of the selected eight hotel service quality attributes. While comfort, facilities, and value-for-money service quality attributes were considered important for commercial destination tourists, religious destination tourists viewed location, cleanliness, and breakfast as important. Since effective management of customer satisfaction is essential for hotels' profitability and sustainability, therefore it is imperative to identify and prioritize service quality attributes related to each group of customers. This will enable the efficient application of limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the role of education, training, and e-learning (ETL) in empowering Saudi society, leading to sustainable employment generation in Saudi Arabia. It applies the theory of constructivism, scoping to human aspects of teaching and learning in sustainable employment generation and social empowerment. The study primarily collects the existing variable pools from the available literature on education (EDU), training (TRA), e-learning (ELRN), government policies (GPOL), national culture (NCUL), sustainable employment generation (SUEG), and social empowerment (SEMP). The study performs second-order partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with moderation analysis. The study aims to obtain the combined effect of ETL on SUEG and SEMP in the presence of GPOL and NCUL in Saudi Arabia. Primarily, the results of the path diagram show that ETL has a significant direct impact on SEMP and SUEG. Secondly, the moderation analysis results show that GPOL has been a significant moderator between ETL and SUEG and ETL and SEMP. In contrast, the analysis results show that the NCUL is not a significant moderator between ETL and SUEG, or between ETL and SEMP. Additionally, the moderation analysis results show that NCUL directly impacts SEMP. In contrast, it does not show a significant direct relationship with SUEG. In the article, the theory of constructivism emphasizes the learners' active role in constructing knowledge, which is significant for both individuals and society, and the validity of constructed knowledge and its realistic representation in the real world. The practical implementation of the education and e-learning approach of constructivism will help to bridge the gap between the skilled workforce in Saudi Arabia and the rest of the world. Moreover, the students, as learners, will be able to assert their experiences by connecting with the outside world, constructing a sustainable society, leading to sustainable employment generation and social empowerment in Saudi Arabia. The study also has a broad scope for higher educational institutions, training centers, and organizations in Saudi Arabia and the rest of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Amazonia Investiga is the property of PRIMMATE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Bariatric surgery has a proven beneficial effect on asthma symptoms and lung function in patients with class III obesity and asthma. The effects of bariatric surgery on asthma control and small airway function persist for at least 12 months after bariatric surgery. However, long-term follow-up data are lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the very-long term effects of bariatric surgery on asthma symptoms and lung function. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal follow-up study, we planned an 8-year follow-up visit for patients previously included in the OBAS 1.0 trial, which evaluated the effects of bariatric surgery on asthma control and lung function in patients with asthma and class III obesity in The Netherlands. Results: Fifteen of 78 patients from the OBAS trial completed the 8-year follow-up visit. Nine patients underwent bariatric surgery, and six patients did not. After 8 years of follow-up, asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ] score at 12 months of 0,4 versus an ACQ score of 0.7 at 8 years of follow-up; p = 0.075) and small airway function (R5-R20 (frequency-dependent resistance at 5Hz-20Hz); score at 12 months of 0,25 versus an ACQ score of 0.07 at 8 years of follow-up; p = 0.345) remained clinically stable compared with 12 months of follow-up. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a statistically significant weight regain between 12 months of follow-up and 8 years of follow-up (median [interquartile range] body mass index 30.2 kg/m² [23.9‐43.4 kg/m²] versus 32.3 kg/m² [24.0‐36.4 kg/m²]; p = 0.025). However, the impact of weight regain on asthma control, and asthma quality of life was clinically insignificant (ACQ, β (regression coefficient) = 0.04; 95% Confidence Interval [0.02; 0.06]; p < 0.001; and AQLQ; β = ‐0.04 CI [‐0.07; ‐0.009]; p = 0.013). Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of bariatric surgery in treating obesity-related asthma. English - EN [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the segregation of oversight from management decision making, the board-level information technology governance is accountable for supervising managerial IT activities. This research empirically analyzes the impact of board-level IT governance on the performance and earnings management practices of Saudi Arabian stock exchange (Tadawul)-listed companies between 2008 and 2020. The study sample includes cross-sectional time-series data from 154 firms with 18,018 firm-year observations. This study used regression analysis and other econometric models to examine probable endogeneities. The findings show that only the return on assets' operational performance is positively and significantly related to board-level IT governance among the three performance metrics (return on assets, return on equity, and Tobin's Q). This indicates that a higher proportion of members with IT experience and the presence of a board-level IT professional as chief information officer/chief technology officer and an IT committee positively impact operational performance. Finally, board-level IT governance competence and other governance attributes do not deter earnings management practices. Therefore, countries like Saudi Arabia should enhance their corporate governance environment considering the increasing significance of IT governance (control, service, and monitoring). There is also a need to review provisions of the Saudi Arabia Corporate Governance Regulations, especially for board composition, the appointment of independent and IT-literate directors, and penalties for non-compliance with regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present Internet age, customers have turned to online booking websites to meet their demand for quality hotel services and convey their experiences. As hotels can survive and succeed by satisfying consumers and obtaining high online ratings, this research predicts the key factors impacting these ratings. The study analyzes online consumer review data gleaned from the popular Booking.com website for hotel ratings near the key religious heritage site in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The research applies the four-factor theory due to its importance in studying consumer satisfaction and prior non-application to the hospitality and tourism industry. This theory extended the two-factor theory to report four distinct sets of factors: satisfiers, dissatisfiers, criticals, and neutrals. Accordingly, the present research presents a novel categorization of key predictive factors and enriches the literature, which categorized factors as either satisfiers or dissatisfiers. Consequently, facilities and comfort are critical factors, while cleanliness, staff, and location are satisfiers; the value for the money spent is dissatisfier; the availability of breakfast and restaurants are neutral factors. The hospitality industry, specifically the hotel industry, can focus on characteristics of the four distinct sets of factors; various nations can leverage the findings to boost their hospitality and tourism sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are intended to be attained as a balanced whole. However, significant interactions (the synergies and trade-offs) between the SDGs have caused the need, especially in developing economies, to identify and pursue them in line with their particular developmental needs. The research intends to empirically investigate the relationship between selected UN SDGs and GDP growth rate as a proxy for economic well-being in Saudi Arabia. We also investigate the role of education and training in achieving SDGs in accordance with the Saudi Vision 2030, which places emphasis on the knowledge economy. This research employs multiple regression analysis to explore the relationship between the SDG variables and the GDP. The results show that education and training, gender equity/women's empowerment, greenhouse gas emissions, and decent employment are positively and significantly related to the GDP growth, whereas poverty, hunger, and health appear to be negatively related. The research indicates that education and training can promote economic, socioeconomic, and health goals without compromising environmental goals. Consequently, the Saudi government should invest more in education and training to maximize synergies and minimize tradeoffs between the SDGs. This will help to promote sustainable employment generation, build human capital, improve socioeconomic empowerment through technology, and boost economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article employs auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration and error-correction modelling to study the long-run impact of investment, exports, imports, and three components of government expenditures (expenditures on health, education, and other government spending) on GDP growth in Saudi Arabia from 1985 to 2018. We observe the long-run positive relationship between GDP, investment, exports and government education expenditure, but a negative relationship between GDP, imports, government health spending, and government other expenditures. The analysis reveals that investment, exports, and government educational expenditures all have long-run positive effects on the GDP growth, while imports, government health expenditures, and government other expenditures negatively affect GDP growth in Saudi Arabia. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test that applies the Modified Wald test establishes causality from exports, government education spending, and government health spending to GDP. We deduce that education expenditures stimulate economic growth in Saudi Arabia in contrast to health expenditures. Additionally, we infer that the various categories of government expenditures have varying effects on GDP. This necessitates a prudent sectoral allocation of public expenditures to maximize its positive effects on GDP growth and stimulate economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the above findings have policy implications for the government in Saudi Arabia while allocating its expenditures. Allocating more government expenditures to education, cutting down inessential spending, and downsizing government healthcare expenditures will enhance long-run economic growth in Saudi Arabia. JEL Classification: O470; I15; I25 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morbidly obese subjects with airflow obstruction who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery appear to have the greatest risk to develop complications. In a retrospective cohort study, we identified a waist circumference ≥ 120 cm, smoking history ≥5PY and history of obstructive lung disease as statistically significant predictors of airflow obstruction. The resulting algorithm, aimed to identify subjects with airflow obstruction before bariatric surgery, was validated in a prospective study. The algorithm was found to be effective in identifying patients with low risk of airflow obstruction (negative predictive value 94.7%). Airflow obstruction, however, was not associated with post-operative complications as we expected. In contrast, inspiratory capacity and the Epworth Sleepiness scale were more promising predictors for post-operative complications in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm through which organizations can optimize their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments. In cloud computing, ICT resource requirement can be adjusted easily and quickly in response to changes in demand. It is a scalable virtualized development platform that has the potential to provide pay-per-use services to customers over the Internet/network by deploying hardware and software resources. In this paper, the evolution of cloud computing is traced in 10 phases, starting from the development of calculating machine in 1623. An ICT model for cloud computing has been presented. In order to leverage the benefits of cloud computing successfully, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of cloud computing is carried out. The paper also presents the details of cloud computing innovative applications in various organizations. Lastly, a hybrid cloud computing model for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in the developing countries is proposed. The results obtained for the hybrid cloud model demonstrated the feasibility of the model. It appears that the research base in cloud computing and hybrid model in particular is strong and possesses potential to help in the development of effective industrial applications. However, a proper need-benefit analysis should be carried out to hedge the restrictions and challenges faced by cloud computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the role of community-based catastrophe insurance (CBCI) as a tool for sustainable economic loss risk mitigation. Utilizing bibliometric analysis and a literature review, this study aims to reveal the methods employed in CBCI schemes from a novel perspective, highlighting their effectiveness in mitigating catastrophe risks. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology was employed to systematically collect and analyze articles sourced from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions databases. The findings provide a comprehensive summary of the CBCI implementation, including various considerations such as risk-sharing mechanisms, premium determination, and policy frameworks. This research offers a fresh perspective on CBCI as a sustainable approach to catastrophe risk mitigation, contributing valuable insights to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in community resilience and disaster risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesarean section, also commonly known as C-section, is a surgical procedure in which incision is made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. According to urgency, they are classified either as elective or emergency. According to technique, they have been classified as classical, lower uterine segment and cesarean hysterectomy. Intentional transvesical cesarean though not a routinely practiced technique is used for delivery in women born with imperforate anus, ectopic intravaginal urethra, vaginal and urethral strictures, and bladder adherent completely over the uterus. Since such cases are very rare, we are reporting one such case of transvesical cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's investment landscape, the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors with data-driven strategies is pivotal. This study delves into this fusion, employing sophisticated statistical techniques and Python programming to unveil insights often overlooked by traditional approaches. By analyzing extensive datasets, including S&P500 financial indicators from 2012 to 2021 and 2021 ESG metrics, investors can enhance portfolio performance. Emphasizing ESG integration for sustainable investing, the study underscores the potential for alpha generation. Time series analysis further elucidates market dynamics, empowering investors to align with both financial objectives and ethical values. Notably, the research uncovers a positive correlation between ESG risk and total risk, suggesting that companies with lower ESG risk tend to outperform those with higher ESG risk. Moreover, employing a long–short ESG risk strategy yields abnormal returns of approximately 4.37%. This integration of ESG factors not only mitigates risks associated with environmental, social, and governance issues but also capitalizes on opportunities for sustainable growth, fostering responsible investing practices and ensuring long-term financial returns, resilience, and value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labor force is a crucial factor in conducting economic activities, especially in labor-surplus countries like Pakistan. In this study, we explore the impact of labor force participation (LF) on economic growth (EG), with an emphasis on how this impact depends on the levels of health and education expenditures. We analyze time series data from Pakistan spanning from 1980 to 2022, using ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), ECM (Error Correction Model) and Granger causality techniques for empirical analysis. The ARDL results indicate that LF significantly boosts EG, both in the short and long run. Furthermore, the estimations reveal that better facilities for health and education strengthen the positive effects of LF on EG. This suggests a complementary relationship between health, education, and LF in driving EG. Moreover, our findings highlight the temporal significance of health and education: Health plays a more crucial role in the short run, while education's impact is more substantial in the long run. Furthermore, the Granger causality results indicate that LF, health, and education significantly contribute to EG. It is advisable for the government to prioritize investments in the health and education sectors. This approach can empower individuals to actively and effectively participate in economic activities, eventually contributing to the overall economic output of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of Regional Revenue Local Own Source Revenue and Balancing Funds on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in social aspects in Palangka Raya City, mediated by Regional Expenditure. Utilizing secondary data from 2010 to 2022, the study employs path analysis to explore the relationships between Regional Original Revenue Local Own Source Revenue, Regional Expenditure, and SDGs. The results indicate that Local Own Source Revenuehas a positive but non-significant influence on Regional Expenditure, whereas Balancing Funds show a significant positive impact on Regional Expenditure. In the context of social SDGs, Local Own Source Revenue demonstrates a significant positive effect, but the impact of Balancing Funds on social SDGs is not significant. Furthermore, both Local Own Source Revenue and Balancing Funds, when mediated by Regional Expenditure, exhibit a negative and non-significant effect on social SDGs. These findings underline the challenges of using fiscal levers to achieve social development goals within the framework of fiscal decentralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Applied Sports Sciences - Arabic is the property of Alexandria University, Faculty of Physical Education, Abu Qir and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teachers' empowerment is one of the most effective ways to enhance teachers' commitment (Muhammad & Hussain, 2020). They have a very high level of workplace empowerment along impact which shows that teachers believe that they affect and influence school life positively. The goal of this study was to explore the level of teachers' workplace empowerment, job satisfaction, and teaching performance, probe the relationship between the teachers' level of workplace empowerment and level of job satisfaction, workplace empowerment and teaching performance, and level of job satisfaction and teaching performance, and examined the predictive ability of the level of workplace empowerment, and job satisfaction, taken singly or in combination, of level of teaching performance of senior high school teachers' in the City Schools Division in the Province of Laguna. The findings revealed that the teachers' level of workplace empowerment was "highly empowered", while the teachers' level of job satisfaction was "very satisfactory". On the other hand, the teachers' level of teaching performance was "outstanding". In addition, the teachers' level of teaching performance was significant to meaning, benefits, and professional growth with a p-value of 0.023, 0.028, and 0.002, respectively. It was concluded in the study that teacher's workplace empowerment only meaning was correlated to teachers' level of teaching performance. While in terms of job satisfaction, benefits and professional growth was correlated to teachers' level of teaching performance. It implied that these predictors were highly contributors to the teachers of teaching performance. This study is believed to be a beneficial reference in developing a more empowered workplace, highly pleased teaching forces with the finest teaching performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, typically asymptomatic sellar lesions found incidentally in adults, with a dramatically lower incidence in pediatric patients (<18 years). We present a case of RCC with xanthogranulomatous change (XGC) - an even less common subtype of RCC - treated by endoscopic endonasal surgical resection. This is the second reported instance of an RCC with XGC occurring in a pediatric patient. Case Description: The patient is a 17-year-old male with delayed puberty who presented with bitemporal hemianopsia and was found to have a 2.6 cm lesion, initially thought to be a craniopharyngioma. He subsequently underwent uncomplicated transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal resection. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of RCC and demonstrated marked degenerative XGCs with squamous metaplasia. The patient tolerated the procedure well with improvement in visual symptoms. Conclusion: RCC with XGC is a very rare pathology, particularly in the pediatric population. These lesions, while benign, can manifest clinically with significant symptoms. While treatment paradigms are not fully established with a small cohort of cases, endoscopic endonasal approaches have made surgical resection of these lesions a safe and effective treatment strategy, even in the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNT) are slow-growing WHO Grade I tumors that are characterized by mixed histology and rosette formation. Although typically located in the posterior fossa, these tumors can rarely originate elsewhere. Here, we describe the fourth case in literature where an RGNT was localized to the lateral ventricles and detail the treatment approach. Case Description: A 41-year-old male presented with a 10 day history of gradually worsening headaches and mild gait difficulty. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a heterogeneously enhancing 6.0 cm left lateral ventricular cystic mass with hydrocephalus. An interhemispheric transcallosal approach was performed for tumor debulking. The mass was emanating from the roof of the left lateral ventricle. Sub-total resection (STR) was achieved. Pathology showed a glioneuronal neoplasm with vague neurocytic rosettes and loose perivascular pseudorosettes. Tumor vessels were thickly hyalinized and contained eosinophilic granular bodies and Rosenthal fibers. Tumor stained positive for GFAP, S-100, OLIG2, and SOX10, and patchy positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), D2-40, CD99, and p16. Neurocytic rosettes and perivascular structures stained positive for synaptophysin. The patient was discharged home uneventfully and remained intact at his 6-month follow-up visit. Long-term care included MRI surveillance with repeat surgery being considered in case of progression. Conclusion: In this report, we describe the fourth case of an RGNT being isolated to the lateral ventricles and the first where it stained positive for EMA and D2-40. Our patient's uneventful recovery after STR indicates that surgery alone continues to be a viable initial treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injuries are a health concern in every country around the world, causing over five million deaths per year. Study of Chest Injuries in Medico-legal Autopsies was a prospective study which, carried out in the department of forensic medicine and toxicology, RIMS, Ranchi for period of one year from August 2012 to July 2013. In these study 340 victims died due to chest injuries. The objective of the present study was to analyse the severe chest injuries during autopsy and find out the measures for the prevention. It was noted that males (84.71%) outnumbered the females (15.29%). Majority of victims were in the age group of 31-45 years (39.41%). Most of the deceased died by heavy vehicles (62.15%). Trauma to thorax occurs in about 60% of multi-trauma patients and is 2-3 times more common than intra abdominal visceral injuries. Thoracic trauma is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, after the head and spinal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of Punjabis in the Columbia River region of the Pacific Northwest, and particularly in Oregon. It highlights the Ghadar Party, a revolutionary nationalist party that sought to overthrow British colonial rule in India. The author considers anti-Punjabi nativism and reflects on the Asiatic Exclusion League (AEL). The so-called "Hindu Alley," the living area of Punjabi workers employed by Hammond Lumber Mill in Astoria, Oregon is considered. The comparative experiences of Finnish fishermen and Chinese cannery crews are addressed.

Examines classroom activities engaged in by more and less experienced speakers of English and discusses how relationships between those speakers are implicated in their speech activities. Role of social interaction in learning; Focus on how social relations in a classroom facilitate or constrain the participation of classroom members.