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Background: Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used as a chemotherapy agent. However, the benefit of this agent is limited due to its side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training and crocin consumption on oxidative stress in liver tissue of male rats under chronic induction of doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 40 Wistar male rats were placed in groups: Healthy control (saline), doxorubicin (control) (2mg/kg in 7 doses), doxorubicin and crocin (2mg/kg), doxorubicin training, and doxorubicin, crocin and training. The training groups ran in 80-90% of maximum speed for 8 weeks, 5 days a week, with 2-minute intervals. The level of malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in liver tissue was measured. Results: Doxorubicin significantly increased malondialdehyde levels and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissue in the groups receiving doxorubicin compared to the healthy control group (P

Background and Objective: Maintaining a balance between energy demand and supply is critical for health. In this process, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) enzyme plays an important role to maintain energy homeostasis. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PDK4 on the expression of citrate synthase in the skeletal muscle after 4 weeks of endurance training in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including Control (n=8), Control+Dichloroacetate (n=8), Endurance training (n=8), and Endurance training+Dichloroacetate (n=8). PDK4 was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of Dichloroacetate (DCA) (150 mg/kg.day) on daily bases. Four weeks of endurance training (5 times per week) started at 15 m/min for 20 min and reached 27 m/min for 50 min. Expression of genes was measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test were used for comparisons between groups. Results: The expression of PDK4 (P=0.001) and citrate synthase (P=0.025) mRNA in endurance training group was higher than the control group. The expression of PDK4 mRNA in the endurance training+DCA group was higher compared to the control group (P=0.001), but the expression of citrate synthase mRNA in endurance training+DCA group was lower compared to the control group (P=0.016). Conclusion: PDK4 enzyme changes the energy source from glucose to fat, probably it is a key enzyme in the regulation of glucose oxidation in Krebs cycle and glucose oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the Hardy–Schrödinger operator Lγ:=-Δ𝔹n-γ⁢V2{L_{\gamma}:=-\Delta_{\mathbb{B}^{n}}-\gamma{V_{2}}} on the Poincaré ball model of the hyperbolic space 𝔹n{\mathbb{B}^{n}} (n≥3{n\geq 3}). Here V2{V_{2}} is a radially symmetric potential, which behaves like the Hardy potential around its singularity at 0, i.e., V2⁢(r)∼1r2{V_{2}(r)\sim\frac{1}{r^{2}}}. As in the Euclidean setting, Lγ{L_{\gamma}} is positive definite whenever γn-2n-4⁢(n⁢(n-4)4-γ){\lambda>\frac{n-2}{n-4}(\frac{n(n-4)}{4}-\gamma)}. On the other hand, in dimensions 3 and 4, the existence of solutions depends on whether the domain has a positive “hyperbolic mass” a notion that we introduce and analyze therein.

The purpose of this study was to investigate body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (%BF) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) of physical education male students of Shahid Chamran University and comparison with national and international body composition standards. Material : Subjects were seventy five male students physical education male students of Shahid Chamran University of mean age (23.21±2.78), mean height (174±5.71) and mean weight (70.07±9.43) who were selected randomly. Some of body composition indices were determined with body composition analyzer apparatus (bioelectrical impedance apparatus). Results : Descriptive characteristics of subjects include: body fat percent (19.37±3.62), waist-hip ratio (0.80±0.037) and body mass index (23.18±2.68). To categorize and regulate data we used descriptive analyzes, to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient we used presumption analyzes and to compare the obtained data with national standards we used T-test statistical procedure. There are significant correlations between body mass index and waist-hip ratio (P=0.709, r=0.001), between body mass index and body fat percent (P=0.783, r=0.001) and between body fat percent and waist-hip ratio (P=0.809, r=0.001). There are significant differences between mean body mass index and its national standard (P=0.001), between mean waist-hip ratio and its national standard (P=0.001) and between mean body fat percentage and its national standard (P=0.001). Conclusions : Results revealed that according to national standards of body fat percentage and body mass index of subjects, they were assigned to more than intermediate limitation; it may be due to abnormal nutrition, unregulated exercise or physical activity and heredity.