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Hintergrund: Arbeitsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen (aSW) gelten als Prädiktor für eine erfolgreiche Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz bei Arbeitnehmenden mit psychischen Störungen. Spezifische Interventionen zur Förde-rung der aSW existieren bislang jedoch nicht. In der vorliegenden Sekundäranalyse wurde untersucht, ob ein neu entwickeltes kognitiv-imaginatives aSW-Modul geeignet erscheint, (1) imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen zu erzeugen, (2) reale Bewältigungsbestrebungen vorzuberei-ten (Verhaltensrelevanz; VR) und (3) die aSW zu adressieren. Methoden: Das aSW-Modul wurde im Rahmen einer ar-beitsplatzbezogenen Kurzzeitintervention durchgeführt und videographiert (N = 22). Die aSW und Indikatoren für imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen (IB) sowie für die VR wurden anhand der Videoaufzeichnungen durch unabhängige Beurteiler:innen eingeschätzt. Zusätzlich erfolgten Selbstbeurteilungen der aSW vor Behandlungsbeginn und zum Zeitpunkt des aSW-Moduls. Ergebnisse: Alle IB-Indikatoren (Kooperation, Lebhaftigkeit, emotionale Beteiligung, kognitive Flexibilität) waren eher hoch ausgeprägt. Bezüglich der VR-Indikatoren zeigte sich, dass Erkenntnisgewinne mode-rat, Intentionen für Verhaltensänderungen eher hoch und die Identifikation von erfolgreichen Modellen gering ausgeprägt waren. Die Fremdberichte der aSW korrelierten mit der selbstberichteten aSW vor Behandlungsbeginn (r = 0,47, p = 0,025) und während des aSW-Moduls (r = 0,51, p = 0,014). Schlussfolgerung: Im aSW-Modul wurden (1) imaginative Bewältigungserfahrungen erzeugt, (2) Intentionen für Verhaltensänderungen gefördert und (3) selbstwirk-sam-keits-relevante Kognitionen aktiviert. Es erscheint geeignet zur kognitiv-motivationalen Vorbereitung von Bewältigungsbestrebungen. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich der Effekte des Interventionsmoduls auf reale Bewältigungs-erfahrungen und die Entwicklung der aSW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuna fisheries and processing represent economic activities of paramount importance around the world. Most of these products are traded for human consumption and in general are highly demanded commodities. However, not all tuna products achieve the same market price, some consumers are willing to pay a huge amount of money for certain species (i.e. Japanese market for Bluefin tuna) while other species are rather affordable (i.e. Skipjack tuna), therefore mislabelling has been observed frequently. We collected and analysed 545 tuna samples in six European countries, including fresh, frozen and canned products, and we have investigated whether or not these products were correctly labelled under European and national legislations. We found an overall mislabelling rate of 6.79%; in particular, 6.70% of the fresh and frozen tuna products and 7.84% of canned tuna were mislabelled, and only in the case of fresh and frozen tuna samples significant differences among countries were found. Mislabelling rates for Atlantic Bluefin tuna labelled products were very high, ranging from 50 up to 100%. In general, mislabelling was higher when specific names were included in the labels. The “tuna” umbrella term is a very popular one with consumers, but also one that remains vulnerable to ambiguity, hampering efforts towards market transparency and with potential negative consequences to the adequate management of tuna species stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-priced fish and seafood prepared as restaurant dish is especially prone to fraudulent substitution due to the lack of morphologic characters and less stringent labelling requirements. Common sole ( Solea solea ) is considered one of the most valuable and tasty fish species on the European markets and fraudulent substitutions of common sole in restaurant stores have been reported by official German food authorities in the past (from 2005 to 2011). The aim of the present study was to assess the substitution of common sole prepared as dishes in restaurants and to identify species used as substitutes for common sole. Furthermore, it was investigated whether substitution takes place at the level of the restaurants or earlier within the food supply chain. Altogether, 47 common sole dishes were ordered incognito in 24 restaurants and 98 whole fish specimens or fish fillets were purchased from 35 different shops (including wholesale dealers and speciality markets). Species identities were determined by cytochrome b gene sequencing and isoelectric focusing of sarcoplasmic proteins, which are official German methods for fish species identification afforded by §64 of the German Food and Feed Code (LFGB). 50% of the restaurant samples were shown to be substituted by species of lower commercial values, such as catfish species ( Pangasidae ), Senegalese tonguesole ( Cynoglossus senegalensis ) or Portuguese sole ( Synaptura lusitanica ). As almost all samples from the retail were shown to be authentic – only one sample was identified as lemon sole ( Microstomus kitt ) – we presume that fraudulent substitution is performed by restaurant owners and staff rather than by persons responsible for fishing, manufacturing or retail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the span of a decade, genetic identification methods have progressively exposed the inadequacies of the seafood supply chain, revealing previously unrecognized levels of seafood fraud, raising awareness among the public, and serving as a warning to industry that malpractice will be detected. Here we present the outcome of the latest and largest multi-species, transnational survey of fish labeling accuracy to date, which demonstrates an apparent sudden reduction of seafood mislabeling in Europe. We argue that recent efforts in legislation, governance, and outreach have had a positive impact on industry regulation. Coordinated, technology-based, policy-oriented actions can play a pivotal role in shaping a transparent, sustainable global seafood market and in bolstering healthier oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adulteration or mislabelling of seafood products is a major issue and a problem prevalent worldwide. DNA sequencing-based methods currently used for species identification help to reveal adulteration, but drawbacks like their requirement for sophisticated equipment, which is not available in every food monitoring laboratory, or their time-consumption render most of them insufficient for routine analysis. This paper presents a TaqMan-probe based multiplex real-time PCR screening assay for identification of the four commercially relevant crustacean species Penaeus monodon , Litopenaeus vannamei , Pleoticus muelleri and Nephrops norvegicus. All newly developed primer/probe sets of the multiplex real-time PCR assay exhibited a limit of detection between 0.2 pg–2 pg DNA and amplification efficiencies in a range of 97.1–100.9%. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing more than 30 crustacean species demonstrating the great potential for a reliable species identification. In addition, the performance of the method was evaluated with varyingly processed crustaceans as well as with commonly used spices and herbs. Average Cq-values were determined for each tested species. Finally, all primer/probe sets were further investigated and optimised for use within a multiplex PCR to offer a rapid authenticity verification of crustacean seafood products. • Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the screening of relevant crustaceans. • Assay targets P. monodon , L. vannamei , P. muelleri and N. norvegicus. • Sensitivity, robustness and efficiency of the assay meet performance criteria. • Assay specificity demonstrated by analysis of over 30 crustacean species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seafood products are particularly vulnerable to food fraud and mislabelling, which may have negative implications on fisheries resources, economy, consumer health and trust. This is a considered problem for scallops, since these high-valued seafood products are usually sold without their morphologically characteristic shells. Scallop products differ in taste and value and usually species of the genus Pecten spp. are especially expensive in many European countries. The aim of the present study was the development of a multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay that allows a rapid and reliable authentication of the three commercially important species/genera Pecten spp. (usually King scallop P. maximus), Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus , and Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. The design of primers and probes was based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene amplifying fragments of 138–198 bp. Following the optimization of the multiplex real-time PCR assay, analyses on efficiency, limit of detection, specificity, robustness, and crosstalk were conducted for validation purpose. Average Cq values of 20 ng DNA obtained for Pecten spp. were 17.64 ± 0.89, for P. magellanicus 18.42 ± 0.83, and for M. yessoensis 17.08 ± 0.79. Non-target species produced either no fluorescence signal or the Cq differed significantly from those of target species (p < 0.01). Finally, the newly developed real-time PCR assay was tested on commercial samples from German supermarkets and fishmongers accompanied by simultaneous verification through Sanger sequencing, which revealed a high mislabelling rate of 48%, especially for products purchased at fishmongers. The results emphasize the need of a control method that allows the rapid analysis of sufficient sample quantities. The study is one of the first which presents a multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR approach for the authentication of commercially important seafood species. • Development of a multiplex real-time method for the identification of scallops. • Assay targets Pecten spp., Mizuhopecten yessoensis , and Placopecten magellanicus. • High mislabelling of scallop products was found for samples from the German market. • Results underline the need for regular control and rapid authentication methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishery products are traded worldwide, have long and branched supply chains and are among the most counterfeit foods. Food control authorities are responsible of controlling food labelling in order to ensure the safety and quality of products. This is particularly important for tropical and subtropical fish species, such as snappers (Lutjanidae), because certain species are known to be frequently contaminated with ciguatoxins that cause harmful Ciguatera Fish Poisoning outbreaks. The analytical method of choice for the identification of a sample at species level is 'DNA barcoding', the sequencing of specific genetic markers and the comparison of the sequences with international nucleotide databases, such as GenBank and BOLD. However, the results of these analyses can be severely impaired by an insufficient data basis and especially by database entries with incorrect species annotations. In this work, the available nucleotide sequences for common genetic markers (COI, cytb , 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, rag1 and ITS) of snapper species in GenBank were subjected to careful examination with regard to their unambiguousness and clarity. Phylogenetic neighbour joining trees were prepared and checked for ambiguous and contradictory placement of species' sequences with special emphasis on the Malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus), the two-spot red snapper (L. bohar) and the crimson snapper (L. erythropterus). The results indicate that ambiguous and contradictory database nucleotide sequences impede the DNA barcoding-based authentication of snapper products at species level. A species assignment for the Malabar snapper and the crimson snapper based solely on database queries seems questionable. • The suitability of DNA barcoding for snapper specimens was investigated. • DNA sequences with annotations of Lutjanidae species were downloaded from GenBank. • Neighbour joining (NJ) trees were prepared and inspected with regard to ambiguities. • A DNA barcoding-based species assignment to some species seems questionable. • The provided aligned DNA sequences can be used for preparing NJ trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dissent is the nineteen-sixties-seventies cultural keyword both in the States and Western Europe. Dissent defines the long uninterrupted 1960s – 1970s juvenile cultural revolution both in the United States and Europe. The new time was announced by the 1964 free-speech movement at Berkley University involving from its very beginning the civil rights question, to which the protest was soon added against the American military involvement in the twenty-years long Viet-Nam war. As a matter of fact, the student movement was meant to radically change the world. Some of the roots of this revolution are to be looked for in the late forties and in the fifties. The question more or less knowingly being dealt with was first of all the radical perspective of freeing the mind from all social conditioning and received ideas. It was the same perspective defined by Ronald Laing’s and David Cooper’s new antipsychiatric approach. Protest, and the struggle for freedom, however, was doomed to extreme radicalization, turning discussion, and utopian dreams into political violence the Weathermen, of course, in the States, die Rote Armée Fraktion in Germany, Le Brigate Rosse in Italy, turning dreams and ideological struggle into a nightmare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased salt (NaCl) consumption triggers chronic diseases such as hypertension or osteopenia. Its impact on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis, however, has not been investigated, although both processes are related to the immune system, with periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) playing a key mediating role. Here, we investigated the impact of NaCl on the expression pattern of PDLFs in a model of simulated compressive orthodontic strain. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were preincubated for 24 h with additional 0 or 40 mM NaCl and concurrently treated for another 48 h with or without compressive strain of 2 g cm−2. We analyzed the expression of genes and proteins involved in orthodontic tooth movement by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), ELISA, and immunoblot. Co‐culture experiments were performed to observe PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A higher (40 mM) concentration of NaCl in the culture medium resulted in increased secretion of prostaglandin, expression of alkaline phosphatase, and expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, but decreased compression‐induced expression of the interleukin‐6 (IL6) gene. The 40 mM concentration of NaCl also enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) but reduced that of osteoprotegerin (OPG), resulting in upregulated PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. A high NaCl concentration in the periodontal ligament, corresponding to a high‐salt diet in vivo, may influence orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis through increased secretion of prostaglandins by PDLFs and upregulated PDLF‐mediated osteoclastogenesis, possibly accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and propagating periodontitis and periodontal bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Sanger sequencing of PCR products is the gold standard for species authentication of seafood products. However, this method is inappropriate for the analysis of products that might contain mixtures of species, such as tinned tuna. The purpose of this study was to test whether next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be a solution for the authentication of mixed products. Nine tuna samples containing mixtures of up to four species were prepared and subjected to an NGS approach targeting two short cytochrome b gene ( cytb ) fragments on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence recovery was precise and admixtures of as low as 1% could be identified, depending on the species composition of the mixtures. Duplicate samples as well as two individual NGS runs produced very similar results. A first test of three commercial tinned tuna samples indicated the presence of different species in the same tin, although this is forbidden by EU law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little research investigating the maintenance of perceptual-cognitive expertise in general and even less comparing coaches of different ages. The aim of this study was to test for perceptual-cognitive differences between age groups, licence levels, and their interaction. This study investigated differences in skilled performance between young and middle-aged coaches of three different skill levels. Participants performed an accuracy-oriented pattern recall (mean distance in pixel) and a time-oriented flicker test (mean detection time in ms). There were some significant differences between age groups and between skill groups for both tests, but no interactions. For the pattern recall test, the effect sizes were larger for skill level differences, while for the flicker test effects were larger for ageing. These results suggest coaches are able to maintain accuracy skills better than reaction timed tasks. This is in line with findings on speeded performance in general populations, which show declines with age. Moreover, results also support findings on perceptual expertise in skills where accuracy was important. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Mislabelling of food products has recently received a great deal of public scrutiny, but it remains unclear exactly what methods are being utilised in laboratories testing the authenticity of foods. In order to gain insight into the specific area of the analysis of seafood, a questionnaire focussing on the taxonomic groups typically analysed and the techniques utilised was sent to over one hundred accredited laboratories across the UK, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, France and Germany. Forty-five responded positively, demonstrating significant differences in both the species analysed and methods utilised among the countries included in the survey. Indeed, a diversity of methods was employed across laboratories and efforts to harmonise and/or standardise testing were evident only at national scale. This contrasts with the EU wide scale of regulation on seafood labelling, and may lead to inconsistencies in the results produced in countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects the integrity of the entire joint including the synovium. The most abundant cells in the synovium are fibroblasts (SF). Excessive mechanical loading might contribute to OA pathogenesis. Here, we investigate the effects of mechanical loading on SF derived from non-OA (N-SF) and OA patients (OA-SF). We treated N-SF and OA-SF with or without mechanical loading for 48h after 24h of preincubation. Then we assessed gene and protein expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, COX-2, PG-E2, IL-6), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (COL1, FN1) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) via RT-qPCR, ELISA, DMMB assay and HPLC. Mechanical loading significantly increased TNFα and PG-E2 secretion by N-SF and OA-SF, whereas in OA-SF IL-6 secretion was reduced. COL1 and FN1 secretion were downregulated in N-SF during loading. OA-SF secreted less COL1 compared to N-SF under control conditions. In contrast, OA-SF in general expressed more FN1. GAG synthesis was upregulated in N-SF, but not in OA-SF during loading with OA-SF displaying a higher charge density than N-SF. Mechanical loading enhanced proinflammatory factor expression and GAG synthesis and decreased secretion of ECM components in N-SFs, indicating a contributing role of SF to OA development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]